Preliminary Data About The Romanian-turkish Colaboration In The Study Of The Lichens From Cozia Mount

UNI VERSIT AT EA DIN CRAIO VA UNI VERSIT Y OF CRAI OVA

Se ri a: ü B i ol ogi e ü Hort ic ul t ură ü Te hnol ogi a pre l uc rări i produse l or agri c ole

Vol. XII ( XLVIII ) - 2007

PRELIMINARY DATA ABOUT THE ROMANIAN-TURKISH COLABORATION IN THE STUDY OF THE LICHENS FROM COZIA MOUNT Iulian COSTACHEi, Mustafa YAVUZii, Gülşah ÇOBANOĞLUiii, Daniel RĂDUŢOIUi, Irina RADUiv Key words: colaboration researches, lichens, Cozia Mount, Romania, Turkey

ABSTRACT The work has an informativ character concerning the colaboration RomanianTurkish in the study of the lichens from the Cozia Mount. The plan of colaboration had been solicited and initiated of the partners from Turkey, that had accomplished a Website about Lichens of Cozia:http://cozialichens.googlepages.com/ and [email protected]. At the research had also taken part: Irina RADU- The Technical Forest College Rm.Valcea, Pavel PRUNDEL- The Administration of the Cozia National Park. Of course, had been invited to join the group experts from the university center Cluj, certain the distinguished professor Maria Ciurchea and professor Decebal-Radu CIURCHEA, that had honored us with his presence at Căciulata for two days, occasion to take place the honorable meet with the partners of Turkey. INTRODUCTION The Cozia Mount, according to some testimonies it would be “Kogaionon, the saint mountain of the Dacians” [9]. The Cozia Mount, placed at the east of The Defile of Olt, form part of the Mountains Fagaras group, beeing the south-occident subdivision of those. The Fagaraş Mountains, in total amount, form part of The Cozia National Park, being located in the central zone of Romania, in the central-south part of the Meridional Carphatians, being recrossed, from north to south, of the Olt River. From the administrative point of view, forms part of the Valcea district. According to our pre-research on Cozia Mount, eligible area for lichen collecting is about 117, 6 km2 that is a part of National Park of Cozia. This possible study area is a large rectangle with sides of 6’ x 8’ length. The coordinates of the corners are; from North to South: 45022’N-24025’E, 45016’N-24025’E and from East to West 45022’N-24o17’E, 45016’N-4017’E. There are 6 squares from East to West and 8 squares from North to South. Each square has 1’ x 1’ dimensions and will be called ‘Grid’. This grid system will make our work easier and well organised. Data about the plan of research can be found on the Website about Lichens of Cozia. http://cozialichens.googlepages.com/ and [email protected]. Geology and geomorphology. From the geological point of view i

Universitatea din Craiova, Facultatea de Horticultură, Catedra de Biologie, 15 Libertăţii, 200583 Craiova, Romania. E-mail: [email protected] ii Teacher of Biology, Comenius Coordinator Kaynarca Sevket Sabanci Lisesi 34899 Pendik - ISTANBUL TURKEY iii University of Marmara Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Göztepe Kampüsü 34722 Kadıköy iv Profesor ecologie. Colegiul Tehnic Forestier Rm.-Vâlcea.

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prevail gneiss, known under the name of „gneiss of Cozia“, like crystals of orthoclase and granate. The southern unit it is formed by limestone of reef, conglomerates with elements of gneiss and gritstones (all of cretaceous age), packets of rocks that sink into new sedimentary systems. The relief of the Cozia National Park, with a departure of altitude of about 1.360 m (between the Olt Valley and the Top Cozia, 1.668 m), it is characterized by a dynamic aspect: big differences of level on small areas, steep slopes and relief with aspect of ruins. Hydrology. All the rivers that drain the Cozia National Park are tributaries to Olt, either directly (Băiaşu, Lotrişorul, Păuşa, Călineştiul etc.), or indirectly, through the gathering of those of the Lotru (Văsilatu etc.). Climate. The annual average temperature at the Cozia station (1.573 m alt.) is of 3,30C, and the average quantity of precipitation is of 1.015 mm/year. With the decrease of the altitudes the annual average temperature grows, reaching 100C in the Olt Valley, and the precipitation decline till 700 mm/year. The southern slopes are being submitted to the influence of the warmer air which advances to north longways Olt, which influences the local vegetation. Flora and vegetation. The flora of the park is extremely luxuriant, having approximately 932 taxons. Endemite narrow local are: Centaurea stoebe var. coziensis and Stipa pulcherrima crassiculmis (S. crassiculmis), like also numerous rare species. A characteristic of the Cozia massif is the inversion of the altitudinal disposal of the levels of forest vegetation (the durmast reaches the highest altitude in Romania 1200- 1300 m, and the fir and the beech goes down till 300-400 m altitude. The wooden vegetation is characterized by durmast forests (Quercus dalechampii, Quercus petraea, the pricipal vegetal association identified being: Potentillo micranthaeQuercetum dalechampii A.O.Horvát 1981 - till altitudes of 1026m, 45018'N-24021'E, in Oltenia region, the association it is mentioned just from Inferior Basin of the Motru River [8] and in the Cerna of Olteţ River Basin [11]), of beech (Fagus sylvatica) and of spruce fir (Picea abies), and others. MATERIALS AND METHODS The lichen flora of Romania has been studied since over 150 years and the results are found in over 300 publications. Moruzi et al. (1967) presented a survey (in Romanian) of all available floristic information. Following practice of that time, these authors included many infraspecific entities, listing a total of 2575 taxa [5]. Researches about lichens from Cozia Mount had effectuated: Codoreanu & Ciurchea [7] mentioning on gneiss, at altitudes between 1000-1200 m, 35 species of lichens; Bartók [1] mentiones 36 species of lichens, some of them had been reconsiderated by nomenclature and included in ”Catalog of lichens in Romania” by Ciurchea [4]. The field study has been effectuated according to the research plan established on the Website: http://cozialichens.googlepages.com/ and [email protected]. Of course it will come the phase of the analysis in the laboratory for the identification for certain of the lichen species, phase that will be realized by the partners from Turkey. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS In synthesis, it will be presented the genera and some of the species identified in the research, like also the species named until now (written in the quadratic parenthesis). New genera identified on the Cozia Mountain: Anaptychia Körb.; Baeomyces Pers.; Bryoria Brodo & D.Hawksw.; Buellia De Not.; Candelaria A.Massal.; Caloplaca Th. Fr. - pe Quercus robur, of over 120 years, Culmea Mavrei Schitul Cornet, 384m, 45022’996N - 24017’985E; on cement, the Stânişoara Monastery, 737m, 45019’777N 24017’928E; Collema Weber ex F. H. Wigg. - pe Quercus robur, Culmea Mavrei Schitul

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Cornet, of over 120 years, at 384m, 45022’996N - 24017’985E; Ephebe Fr.; Graphis Adanson - on Carpinus betulus (Culmea Mavrei Schitul Cornet, in Potentillo micranthaeQuercetum dalechampii A.O.Horvát 1981, 334m, 45023’052N - 24018’E); Lobaria (Schreb.) Hoffm. - on Fagus sylvatica under the Cozia top; Leproloma Nyl. ex Crombie; Lobothallia (Clauzade & Cl.Roux) Hafellner; Melanelia (De Not.) Essl.; Neofuscelia Essl.; Squamarina Poelt; Synalissa Fr.; Toninia A. Massal.; Verrucaria Schrad.; Xanthoparmelia (Vain.) Hale; Xanthoria (Fr.) Th. Fr. - pe Carpinus betulus (Culmea Mavrei Schitul Cornet, in Potentillo micranthae-Quercetum dalechampii A.O.Horvát 1981, 334m, 45023’052N - 24018’E; on Quercus robur, of over 120 years, Culmea Mavrei Schitul Cornet, 384m, 45022’996N - 24017’985E; on cement, Stânişoara Monastery, 737m, 45019’777N - 24017’928E. Genera named and refound in the Cozia Mount: Acarospora A. Massal. [Acarospora bullata Anzi, Acarospora fuscata (Nyl.) Th.Fr. [4, 7]]; Aspicilia A. Massal. [Aspicilia cinerea (L.) Körb. (Lecanora cinerea (L.) Sommerf.), Aspicilia gibbosa (Ach.) Körb. (Lecanora gibbosa (Ach.) Nyl.) [4, 7]]; Candelariella Müll. Arg. - on cement, Culmea Mavrei Schitul Cornet, 384m, 45022’996N - 24017’985E, on cement, Stânişoara Monastery, 737m, 45019’777N - 24017’928E, [Candelariella vitellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg. (Candelariella flavovirella (Nyl.) Lettau) [4, 7]]; Carbonea (Hertel) Hertel [Carbonea assimilis (Körb.) Hafellner & Hertel (Lecidea assimilis (Hampe ex Körb.) Th.Fr.) [4, 7]]; Catillaria A. Massal. [Catillaria chalybeia (Borrer) A.Massal. [7, 4]]; Cetraria Ach.Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. - in Festuco rubrae-Agrostetum capillaris Horvat 1951, under the Cozia top [Bartok [1] names her next to Cetraria chlorophylla (Willd.) Vain. - in Scorzonero-Festucetum nigricantis (Puşc. et al. 56), la 1560-1660m alt.]; Cladonia Hill ex Browne - Cladonia fimbriata (L.) Fr. - on rocks, Culmea Mavrei Schitul Cornet, 384m, 45022’996N - 24017’985E, next to Cladonia coniocraea (Flörke) Spreng. em. Sandst - on Alnus glutinosa, in Lunca Lotrişorului, 351m, 45022’282N - 24018’405E; on punk under the Cozia top, Cladonia rangiferina (L.) Weber ex F. H. Wigg. (Cladonia alpestris Vain.) - in Festuco rubrae-Agrostetum capillaris Horvat 1951, under Cozia top [Cladonia furcata (Huds.) Schrad., Cladonia arbuscula (Wallr.) Rabenh. (Cladonia sylvatica (L.) Hoffm.; Cladonia mitis Sandst.), Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm. - in Scorzonero-Festucetum nigricantis (Puşc. et al. 56), at 1560-1660 m alt. [1, 4]]; Dermatocarpon Eschw. - on rocks towards Gardului Waterfall, [Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) Mann [4, 7]]; Diploschistes Norman [Diploschistes scruposus (Schreb.) Norman [4, 7]]; Evernia Ach. - Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. - on braches of Alnus incana, in Lunca Lotrişorului, 351m, 45022’282N - 24018’405E; on punk, between Lotru railway station and Urzica, 330m, 45020’199N 24016’736E; on Betula pendula, after Stânişoara Monastery, towards Cozia top, 821m, 45018’067N - 24020’344E; on Picea abies, Larix decidua, under Cozia top, [also named on Fagus sylvatica [1, 4]]; Hypogymnia (Nyl.) Nyl. - Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. (Parmelia physodes Ach.) - on Alnus glutinosa, in Lunca Lotrişorului, 444m, 45021’532N 24019’262E, on punk, between Lotru railway station and Urzica, 330m 45020’199N 24016’736E, [next to it being also named Hypogymnia vittata (Ach.) Parrique (Parmelia vittata Röhl.) - on Quercus polycarpa, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies [1]]; Imshaugia S.F.L.Meyer [Imshaugia aleurites (Ach.) S.L.F.Meyer (Parmeliopsis pallescens (Hoffm.) Zahlbr.) on Pinus sylvestris [1]]; Lecanora Ach. emend. A. Massal. - on cement, Culmea Mavrei Schitul Cornet, 384m, 45022’996N - 24017’985E; Lecanora argentata (Ach.) Malme (Lecanora subfuscata H.Magn.) - on Alnus incana, in Lunca Lotrişorului, 373m, 45022’260N - 24018’429E, Lecanora muralis (Schreb.) Rabenh. (Placodium saxicolum Körb.) - on cement, Stânişoara Monastery, 737m, 45019’777N - 24017’928E, on rocks towards Gardului Waterfall (named on rocks and stones by Bartok [1]); [Lecanora albella

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(Pers.) Ach. var. albella - Lehnert (1886: 121 under Lecanora pallida), Lecanora allophana Nyl. (Lecanora subfusca (L.) Ach.) - and on Betula pendula, Lecanora carpinea (L.) Vain. - Lehnert (1886: 122 under Lecanora pallida var. angulosa) - on Quercus polycarpa, Fagus sylvatica [1]; Lecanora cenisia Ach. [7, 4]; Lecanora hagenii (Ach.) Ach. - on Fagus sylvatica [1]; Lecanora polytropa (Ehrh. ex Hoffm.) Rabenh., Lecanora rupicola (L.) Zahlbr. (Lecanora sordida (Pers.) Th.Fr.) [7, 4]]; Lecanactis Fr. [Lecanactis latebrarum (Ach.) Arnold (Lepraria latebrarum (Ach.) Ach. ex Sm.) - on Quercus polycarpa, Betula pendula, Fagus sylvatica [1]]; Lecidea Ach. [Lecidea alboflava (Körb.) Arnold, Lecidea lapicida (Ach.) Ach., Lecidea phaeops Nyl. (Lecanora phaeops (Nyl.) Th. Fr., Lecidea segregula Nyl. [7, 4]]; Lecidella Körb. - on Acer campestre, in Lunca Lotrişorului, 373m, 45022’260N - 24018’429E, [Lecidella elaeochroma (Ach.) M.Choisy (Lecidea parasema Ach.) - on Fagus sylvatica [1]]; Opegrapha Humb. - on braches of Alnus incana, Carpinus betulus, in Lunca Lotrişorului, 351m, 45022’282N - 24018’405E, [Opegrapha rufescens Pers. [1, 4]?)]; Ophioparma Norman [Ophioparma ventosa (L.) Norman (Haematomma ventosum (L.) A.Massal.) [7, 4]]; Parmelia Ach. - on Carpinus betulus (Culmea Mavrei Schitul Cornet, in Potentillo micranthae-Quercetum dalechampii A.O.Horvát 1981, 334m, 45023’052N - 24018’056E), on braches of Alnus incana, in Lunca Lotrişorului, 351m, 45022’282N - 24018’405E and on Fraxinus ornus, 373m, 45022’260N -24018’429E; pe Larix decidua, Fagus sylvatica under Cozia top; Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Ach., Parmelia sulcata Taylor - on Betula pendula, after Stânişoara Monastery, towards Cozia top, 821m, 45018’067N - 24020’344E; [also named on Quercus polycarpa, Fagus sylvatica [1]] - on punk, between Lotru railway station and Urzica, 330m 45020’199N - 24016’736E; Parmelina Hale [Parmelina quercina (Willd.) Hale (Parmelia quercina (Willd.) Vain.) and Parmelina tiliacea (Hoffm.) Hale (Parmelia tiliacea Vain.) - on Quercus polycarpa, Fagus sylvatica [1]]; Parmeliopsis Nyl. [Parmeliopsis hyperopta (Ach.) Arnold - on Quercus polycarpa ([1, 4]]; Pertusaria DC. - on rocks, the technical left bank of, after Turnu Monastery, 330m, 45017’800N - 24017’530E; on branches of Alnus incana, in Lunca Lotrişorului, 351m, 45022’282N - 24018’405E; on cement, Stânişoara Monastery, 737m, 45019’777N - 24017’928E; Pertusaria albescens (Huds.) M.Choisy & Werner (Pertusaria globulifera (Turner) A.Massal.) and Pertusaria pertusa (Weigel) Tuck. - on Alnus incana, in Lunca Lotrişorului, 373m, 45022’260N - 24018’429E [the 2 species, like also Pertusaria amara (Ach.) Nyl. Have also been named on Quercus polycarpa, Fagus sylvatica [1]]; Physcia (Schreb.) Michaux - on Quercus robur, of over 120 years, on rocks, Culmea Mavrei Schitul Cornet, 384m, 45022’996N - 24017’985E, on branches of Alnus incana, in Lunca Lotrişorului, 351m, 45022’282N - 24018’405E and Fraxinus ornus, 373m, 45022’260N - 24018’429E, on cement, Stânişoara Monastery, 737m, 45019’777N 24017’928E, on rocks towards Gardului Waterfall, [Physcia caesia (Hoffm.) Hampe [7, 4]]; Porpidia Körb. [Porpidia macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel & A.J.Schwab (Lecidea macrocarpa (DC.) Steud.) [7, 4]]; Pseudevernia Zopf - on Pinis sylvestris, Betula pendula and Quercus dalechampii, after Stânişoara Monastery, towards Cozia top, 821m, 45018’067N 24020’344E; on Picea abies, Larix decidua, under Cozia top [Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf (Parmelia furfuracea (L.) Ach.) - on Quercus polycarpa, Fagus sylvatica, Pinus sylvestris, Betula pendula, Picea abies [1]]; Ramalina Ach. - on branches of Alnus incana, in Lunca Lotrişorului, 351m, 45022’282N - 24018’405E; on cement, Stânişoara Monastery, 737m, 45019’777N - 24017’928E; on Fagus sylvatica under Cozia top; [Ramalina fastigiata (Pers.) Ach. - on Quercus polycarpa [1]; Ramalina fraxinea (L.) Ach. - Câineni locality [4]]; Rhizocarpon Ramond ex DC. [Rhizocarpon distinctum Th. Fr., Rhizocarpon hochstetteri (Körb.) Vain. (Rhizocarpon massalongi Malme), Rhizocarpon melaenum Körb., Rhizocarpon obscuratum (Ach.) A.Massal., Rhizocarpon oederi (Weber) Körb.,

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Rhizocarpon polycarpum (Hepp) Th.Fr. [7, 4]]; Rinodina (Ach.) Gray [Rinodina cana (Arnold) Arnold, Rinodina buellioides Metzl. in Arnold, Rinodina rinodinoides (Anzi) H.Mayrhofer & Scheid. (Buellia rinodinoides Anzi; Rinodina melanocarpa Müll. Arg.) being the only station from where is named the species [7, 4]]; Thamnolia Ach. ex Schaer. [Thamnolia vermicularis (Sw.) Schaer. - in Scorzonero-Festucetum nigricantis (Puşc. et al. 56), la 1560-1660m alt. [1]]; Tephromela M.Choisy [Tephromela atra (Huds.) Hafellner (Lecanora atra (Huds.) Ach.) [7, 4]]; Usnea Hill - on Betula pendula, after Stânişoara Monastery, towards Cozia top, 821m, 45018’067N - 24020’344E; on Fagus sylvatica, Larix decidua, under Cozia top, [Usnea glauca Motyka (Ciurchea [4] after Moruzi, Petria & Mantu [10] - nr. 2282); Observation: Bartok [1] specifies that he hasn’t had found on Picea abies characteristic genera, like: Usnea, Ramalina, Alectoria]. Uncertain genera: Bacidia De Not. - on punk, between Gara Lotru and Urzica, 330m, 45020’199N - 24016’736E; Brodoa Goward [Brodoa intestiniformis (Vill.) Goward (Parmelia encausta Ach.) - on rocks and stones [1]. Ciurchea [4] doesn’t foregoing in the Cozia Mount ?]; Cetrariella delisei (Bory ex Schaer.) Kärnefelt & Thell (Cetraria delisei (Bory ex Schaerer) Nyl.; Cetraria hiascens (Fr.) Th. Fr.) - on the ground in meadows [1]). Observation: Ciurchea [4, 6], doesn’t include the species in the List of the lichens from Romania, probable doesen’t recognize the taxon named by Bartok [1] being Cetraria hiascens; Cetrelia W. Culb. & C. Culb. [Cetrelia cetrarioides (Delise ex Duby) W. Culb. & C. Culb. (Parmelia cetrarioides (Delise ex Duby) Nyl. em. Du Rietz; Parmelia cetrarioides Delise v. typica Du Rietz; Parmelia cetrarioides v. rubescens (Th.Fr.) Du Rietz; Parmelia cetrarioides v. rubescens f. sorediosa Vain.) - on Betula pendula [1]. Ciurchea [4] doesn’t foregoing in the Cozia Mount ?]; Endococcus with a species in Romania - Endococcus propinquus (Körb.) D. Hawskw. (Microthelia ploseliana Stein), considerated to be fungi and not lichens [7, 4]; Enterographa Fée; Flavoparmelia Hale - Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale (Parmelia caperata (L.) Ach.) - on Quercus robur, of over 120 years, 384m, 45022’996N - 24017’985E; on punk, between Lotru railway station and Urzica, 330m, 45020’199N -24016’736E [named also on Quercus petraea and Q. robur [1]). Ciurchea [4] doesn’t foregoing in the Cozia Mount?]; Lecania A.Massal.; Lepraria Ach. - on rocks, Culmea Mavrei Schitul Cornet, 384m, 45022’996N-24017’985E, [considerated imperfect fungi [4] with 2 species in Romania. In the Lichenoflora of Romania. Bartok [1] mentiones on Cozia Mount]; Lepraria aeruginosa - on Betula pendula, Fagus sylvatica. Ciurchea [4] without naming in the Cozia Mount, talks about Lepraria finkii (Hue) R.C.Harris (1985) (Lepraria aeruginosa (F.H.Wigg.) Sm.). [Observation: In British Lichens - Synonym List of Lichens & Lichenicolous Fungi-I to L- http://www.thebls.org.uk/content/slistil.html, this page was realized by British Lichen Society 2006, we observe that are missing three taxons: Lepraria aeruginosa (Weiss) Sm.=Scytonema hofmannii Agardh ex Bornet & Flahault (cyanobacterium); Lepraria aeruginosa auct. p.max.p.=various Lepraria s.lat. species, especially L. incana and Botryolepraria lesdainii; Lepraria aeruginosa auct. p.p.=Lepraria lobificans; Lepraria finkii (de Lesd. ex Hue) R.C. Harris=Lepraria lobificans. Because we don’t know about what taxon was talking Bartok (1990), we can’t be sure of the synonymy]; Lichenothelia D. Hawksw.; Platismatia W. Culb. & C. Culb. - with one species [Platismatia glauca (L.) W. Culb. & C. Culb. (Cetraria glauca (L.) Ach.) - on Betula pendula, Picea abies [1]). Ciurchea [4] doesn’t foregoing in the Cozia Mount?]; Pleurosticta Petrak [Pleurosticta acetabulum (Necker) Elix & Lumbsch (Parmelia acetabulum (Necker) Duby) - initially named under the synonym name, forming sinuzii on Fagus sylvatica (in Bruckenthalio-Piceetum Borhidi 71) at 1 400 m alt. [1]; Ciurchea [4] doesn’t foregoing anymore from Cozia Mount?]; Sarcogyne Flot.; Umbilicaria Hoffm. - on rocks towards Gardului Waterfall [Umbilicaria cylindrica (L.) Delise ex Duby (Gyrophora

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cylindrica (L.) Ach.) - initially named under the synonym name [7], in the catalogue Ciurchea [4] it isn’t foregoing anymore from Cozia Mount]. Genera named in Cozia Mount (on gneiss at 1200 m alt. [7, 4]) and unidentified yet: Bellemerea Hafellner & Cl.Roux [Bellemerea alpina (Sommerf.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux (Lecanora alpina Sommerf.)]; Dimelaena Norman-with one species in Romania [Dimelaena oreina (Ach.) Norman (Rinodina oreina (Ach.) A.Massal.; Rinodina oreina v. mougeotioides Zahlbr.)]; Polysporina Vezda [Polysporina simplex (Davies) Vezda (Biatorella simplex (Davies) Branth & Rostr.)]; Scoliciosporum A.Massal. [Scoliciosporum umbrinum (Ach.) Arnold (Bacidia umbrina (Ach.) Bausch)]. CONCLUSIONS The preliminary data obtained in the study lichens from the Cozia Mount, through collaboration with the partners from Turkey distinguishes the presence of 65 genera of lichens. Among those: 20 genera are new for Cozia Mountain, 31 genera have representatives named in the studied area, 14 genera are uncertain, and 4 genera named in the area haven’t been idenfied yet. From the study of the durmast plant formations, it had drawn the conclusion that those have a floral composition adequate to the association Potentillo micranthae-Quercetum dalechampii A.O.Horvát 1981, because of the specific microclimate generated by the submetiderranean influences, the association that we considerate it to be characteristic to the hillocks an the inferior mountainous zone from Oltenia. On the other side, though it is named, Quercus polycarpa, on the effectuated ranges, it hasn’t been idenfied. In synthesis, this study comes to complete the white stains that exist in the knowledge of the lichens from Cozia and from Romania. REFERENCES 1. BARTÓK, K.-Comunitati de licheni din Muntele Cozia. - Studii si Cercetari de Biologie, Seria Biologie Vegetala 42: 25-29, 1990 2. CIURCHEA, M.-Flora si vegetatia lichenologica saxicola de pe Valea Oltului între Proeni si Calinesti (jud. Vâlcea). - Contrib. Bot. Cluj: 117-126, 1969 3. CIURCHEA M.- Catalog of lichens in Romania 1998 - http://www.bgbm.org, 4. CIURCHEA M.-Checklist of lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Romania. Preliminary version. 2007. - www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/checklists/lichens/europe/romania_l.htm 5. CIURCHEA M.- Lichenologic flora of Romania. 2007 - http://lichens.duci.ro/ 6. CODOREANU, V. & CIURCHEA, M.-Contributii la cunoasterea florei lichenologice de pe sisturi cristaline. St. Cerc. Biol.-Botanica Bucuresti 17, 2: 145-151, 1965 7. COSTACHE I.-Flora şi vegetaţia Bazinului Hidrografic Inferior al Râului Motru. Teza de doctorat. Bucureşti. 2005. 290 pag. + 47 tabele + 64 grafice + VIII Planşe 8. HORIA C. M. - "Enciclopedia Antichităţii". Edit. Meronia, Bucureşti, 1995 9. MORUZI, C., PETRIA, E. & MANTU E.-Catalogul Lichenilor din România (C.L.R.). Acta Bot. Horti Bucurestiensis: 1- 389, 1967 10. RĂDUŢOIU D.-Flora şi vegetaţia Bazinului Cernei de Olteţ. Teza de doctorat. Bucureşti. 2006.

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