Pratibha404-415

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 3 -ï-†-´-J 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Visesh: You are in a very smart shirt today. Where did you buy it?

(†’´¤y ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊†o shirt î√™« Ø√Wí¬_ ÖçC. áéπ\úø éÌØ√o´¤?) Sasesh: I usually buy all my clothes from smartdress. I bought this there as well.

(Ø√ ü¿’Ææ’h-©Fo ؈’ smartdress ™ éÌçö«. ÉC èπÿú≈ Åéπ\úË.)

Visesh: Seems to be the good sort.

(´’ç*-®Ω-éπç-í¬ØË (´’ç*¢√úÕ-™«Íí) éπE°œ-Ææ’hØ√o-úø-ûªúø’.) Sasesh: He really is. He is one of the people who like company.

(Eï¢Ë’. Éûª-®Ω’© ≤ƒ£æ«-Ωuç éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊-ØË¢√-∞¡x™ Åûª-ØÌ-éπúø’.) Visesh: I like to meet him.

(ÅûªúÕE éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’.)

Visesh: You were talking to a tall guy yesterday. Who was he?

Sasesh: You will have the opportunity when he comes here next week.

(E†o †’´¤y §Òúø’í¬_ Ö†o äéπ-ûª-úÕûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤. á´-®Ω-ûªúø’?)

(´îËa-¢√®Ωç Åûª-E-éπ\-úÕéÀ ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’ Fé¬ Å´-é¬-¨¡-´·ç-ô’çC.)

Sasesh: Don't you remember? He is Raghu. I spent my last summer with him. He is my distant cousin.













Visesh: Yea. I remember now. But why did you go to him? I usually remember something about his helping you.

™ ´’†ç who, whose, which, ©ûÓ È®çúø’ sentences †’ ᙫ éπ©§ÒîÓa ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√oç-í∫ü∆? Ñ lesson ™ èπÿú≈ ´’†ç ü∆ØËo îª÷úø-¶-ûª’Ø√oç Å®·ûË éÌçûª ûËú≈ûÓ. -´·çü¿’í¬ ´’†ç prepositions í∫’Jç* ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊†oC (§ƒûª lessons ™) ¶«í¬ í∫’®Ω’hèπ◊ ûÁa-éÓ-¢√L. í∫’®Ω’hçC éπü∆. Prepositions Åçõ‰: above, after,

(Å´¤†’. É°æ¤púø’ í∫’®Ìh-*açC Ø√èπ◊. ÅÆæ©’ †’´¤y ÅûªúÕ ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ áçü¿’-Èé-∞«}´¤? Åûªúø’ FÍéüÓ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç îËߪ’úøç í∫’Jç* ÅÆæp≠ædçí¬ í∫’®Ω’hçC Ø√èπ◊.) vague (= ÅÆæp-≠d-¢ æ Á’i†) X clear. (vague- ¢Áß˝’í˚)

along, at, before, between, by, down, for, from, in, into, like, near, of, off, on, out of, over, since, through, under, up, with, without

(í∫’®Ω’h-™‰ü∆ Fèπ◊? éÀçü¿öÀ ¢ËÆæN™ Åûª-úÕûÓØË ÖØ√o ؈’. Ø√èπ◊ ü¿÷®Ω°æ¤ cousin Åûªúø’.)

Sasesh: You were out of town at the time. I had to spend time with someone. So I went to him. He is very good at a number of games. Chess is one of them. I learnt it from him.

2

lessons that, where, when

í∫ûª È®çúø’

™«çöÀ ´÷ô©’.

a) Of which college are you a student? = college b) Which college are you a student of? - (a), (b) (b), (Preposition- 'of' common.

†’´¤y à

Nü∆u-JnN? =

©™ *´®Ω ¢√úÕçC) áèπ◊\´ †’´yC à shop ™ éÌØ√o´¤? = Which shop

did you buy it from? (From which shop did you buy it?

ņç) ÅC éÓÊÆçü¿’èπ◊ Ø√èπ◊ î√èπ◊ 鬢√L= I want a knife to cut it with. (with *´®Ω ¢√ú≈ç.) ÉC í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓçúÕ– É°æ¤púø’ È®çúø’, ´‚úø’ sentences †’ join îËÊÆô°æ¤púø’ °j sentences ™™« preposition *´®Ω ¢√úøôç correct.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

404

Now look at the following pairs of sentences and observe how we can join them with the preposition in the end.

6) He is good at a number of games. Chesss is one of them = Chess is one of the number of games he is good at. ( games chess 7) Have you seen the cricket bat at my place? He used to practise with it = Have you seen at my place the cricket bat he used to practise with? sentence pairs preposition Spoken English conversation effective pairs of sentences which, that, whose, where, and when omit omit examples prepositions 1) We cut the fruit with this knife. It is very sharp. a) This knife which we cut the fruit with (prep) is very sharp. b) This knife we cut the fruit with is very sharp.

Åûª-úÕéÀ ¶«í¬ ´*a†

™

äéπöÀ)

îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆, °j (¢√é¬u© ïûª*´®Ω ®√´ôç. ©†’) éπL-°œ-†-°æ¤púø’, ™ É™«Íí éπ-©’-°æ¤û√ç. É™« ¢√úÕûË î√™« í¬ Öçô’çC. ´’† ÅEoçöÀ™ ÉçéÓ N≠æߪ’ç. °j èπÿú≈, ¢√öÀE éπL-Ê°-ô-°æ¤púø’ ™«çöÀ ´÷ô©’ î˨»ç éπü∆. îËÊÆ ´’J-éÌEo îª÷ü∆lç, É™« *´®Ω ´îËaô’x. Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀE É™« éπ©’-°æ-´îª’a:

This knife we cut the fr uit with..

(Ç Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ †’´¤y Ü∞x ™‰´¤. á´®Ó äéπJûÓ time í∫úø-§ƒ-L-í∫ü∆? Åçü¿’-éπE ¢√∞¡⁄}®Ω’ ¢Á∞«}†’. Åûªúø’ Çô©’ ¶«í¬ Çúø-û√úø’. ¢√öÀ™ chess äéπöÀ. ÅûªúÕ ü¿í∫_®Ω ÅC ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊Ø√o.) Visesh: I now understand why you play the game so well.

(É°æ¤púø’ Ø√éπ-®Ωn-´’-®·uçC †’¢Áyçü¿’èπ◊ chess Åçûª ¶«í¬ Çúø-û√¢Ó.) Sasesh: Have you seen the cricket bat at my place? He used to practise with it. He gave it to me.

(´÷ Éçöx cricket bat îª÷ÊÆ Öçö«´¤ †’´¤y. Åûªúø’ ü∆EûÓØË practise îËÊÆ¢√úø’. ÅC Ø√éÀ-îËa-¨»-úø-ûªúø’.) EXERCISE Match the words under A with their meanings under B. A

B

1. Hatch

A. Offend

2. Rude

B. Dishonour

3. Abuse

C. Quarrel

4. Scandal

D. Impolite

5. Dispute

E. Brood F. Refined G. Polished

KEY:

OöÀE

place, positions, time, or

Terrorists hatched the plan to kill MS Benazir Bhutto even before she returned to Pakistan = Benazir Bhutto §ƒé˙èπ◊ ®√éπ-´·çüË Bv´-¢√-ü¿’©’ Ç¢Á’ £æ«ûªuèπ◊ èπ◊-vô °æØ√o®Ω’. 2-D. Rude = Impolite = Ill mannered-

Éûª-®Ω’©°æôx íı®Ω´ ´’®√u-ü¿©’ îª÷°æ-éπ-§Ú´úøç/ ¢Á÷ô’/ ¢Á·®Ωô’í¬ v°æ´-JhçîË.

He was rude enough not to offer even a seat to his visitor =

1-E. Hatch = Brood =

ÉçöÀ-éÌ-*a† ÅA-C∑E èπÿ®Óa-´’E èπÿú≈ îÁ°æp-†çûª ¢Á·®Ωô’ Åûªúø’.

(°æèπ~◊©’) í∫’úøx†’ §ÒCT í∫’úø’f †’ç* °œ©x©’ •ßª’-öèπ◊ ´îËa™« îËߪ’-úøç.

She told him rudely to get out =

All the eggs have been hatched=

à´÷vûªç ´’®√uü¿ ™‰èπ◊çú≈ Åûª-úÕE •ßª’-ô-Èé-∞¡x-´’çC. Rude X Refined (Ææç≤ƒ\®Ωçí∫©)

ÅEo í∫’úøx†’ç* °œ©x©’ •ßª’öéÌ-î√a®·. The eggs are about to hatch =

í∫’úøx-™ç* (í∫’úø’x-°õ‰d à v§ƒù„jØ√) °œ©x©’ •ßª’-ôèπ◊ ®√¶-ûª’-Ø√o®·, à éπ~ùç-™-ØÁjØ√. To hatch (a plan) = àüÁjØ√ ®Ω£æ«Ææu °æü∑¿-é¬Eo/ èπ◊vô†’ ®Ω÷§Òç-Cç-îªúøç.

1) You are in very smart shirt today.

Where did you buy it? = Where ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ nouns/ pronouns did you buy the smart shirt you ´·çü¿’ ¢√úøû√ç. OöÀE î√™« N´-®Ωçí¬ are in? (In *´®Ω ´≤ÚhçC éπü∆?) §ƒûª lessons ™ îª÷¨»ç. 2) I usually buy all my clothes from Who, whose, etc. ©ûÓ È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ smartdress. I bought this there as sentences †’ éπL-Ê°-ô-°æ¤púø’ preposiwell = I bought this from smarttions áéπ\úø ¢√ú≈-©-ØËC î√™« ´·êu-¢Á’i† dress where I usually buy all my M.SURESAN N≠æߪ’ç Modern Spoken English ™. clothes from (from- prep) Prepositions †’ sentences *´®Ω 3) You were talking to a tall guy yesterday. Who ¢√úøôç É°æpöÀ ¢√úø’éπ. was he? = Who was the tall guy you were In which class are you? (†’¢Ëy class?) to, yesterday? (to- prep) Ñ sentence ™, preposition (prep) sentence 4) talking He is Raghu. I spent my last summer with ´·çü¿’çC éπü∆? Å®·ûË Modern English him = He is Raghu, who I spent my last sum(´·êuçí¬ Spoken English) ™, sentence *´®Ω mer with. (with- prep) ´Ææ’hçC preposition, É™«. 5) I had to spend time with someone. So I went Which class are you in? (†’¢Ëy class ™ to him = I went to him to spend time with. ÖØ√o´¤?/ †’¢Ëy class?) (with- prep)

™ which ¢√úÕ éπL§ƒç. b) ™ which ™‰èπ◊çú≈ éπL§ƒç. (b) ™™« éπ©-°æ-úø¢Ë’ ¶«í∫’çô’çC. Ææ’©¶µºç èπÿú≈.

a)

method

Ç Éü¿l®Ω’ cricketer ©’ äéπ-J-ØÌ-éπ®Ω’ ¶«í¬ Aô’d-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’. ¢√∞¡}†’ Ææ´÷-üµ∆-†°æ-®Ω-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ umpire èπ◊ éÌçûª Æ洒ߪ’ç °æöÀdçC. He abused me for no fault of mine =

Ø√ ØË®Ωç àç ™‰éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√ ††’o Åûªúø’ ØÓöÀ-éÌ-*a-†ô’d Aö«dúø’/ ü¿’®√s¥-≠æ-™«-ú≈úø’. Abuse X Praise/ Commend

(¢Á’a-éÓ-´úøç) Abuse èπ◊ Éçé¬ Å®√n-©’-Ø√o®·. Spoken English ™ ÉC ûª®Ωîª÷ ¢√úøû√ç. N’í∫û√ Å®√n©’ ûª®√yA lesson ™. 4-B. Scandal = Dishonour=

3-A. Abuse = Offend =

ü¿’®√s¥-≠æ-™«-úøôç/ ØÓöÀ-éÌ-*a-†ô’x AöÀd Åíı-®Ω´°æ®Ω-îªúøç. The two cricketers abused each other and it took some time for the umpire to calm them-

Éûª-®Ω’-©†’ Cví¬s¥ç-ûª-°æ-®ΩîË îÁúø’ v°æ´-®Ωh†, îÁúø’ ´u´-£æ…-®√©ûÓ Ææç•çüµ¿ç = scam. Lalu Prasad Yadav was involved in the fodder scandal =

°æ¨¡Ÿ-´¤© ¢Ë’ûª èπ◊綵º-éÓùç™ ™«©÷v°æ≤ƒü˛ ߪ÷ü¿¢˛èπ◊ Ææç•çüµ¿ç Öçü¿ç-ö«®Ω’/ É®Ω’-èπ◊\-Ø√oúø’ = (involved)

2) I am looking for a stick. I want to beat the dog with it join

(؈’ éπv®Ω éÓÆæç îª÷Ææ’hØ√o. ü∆EûÓ èπ◊éπ\†’ éÌõ‰dç-ü¿’èπ◊)– OöÀE îËÊÆh: a) I am looking for a stick which I want to beat the dog with. b) I am looking for a stick I want to beat the dog with.

a) is more common and more accepted than (b).

ÉN éÌçîÁç éπ≠dçæ . Åçü¿’-éπE ¶«í¬ O©’†oçûª English îªü¿-´çúÕ. Q.

People in public service should guard themselves against scandals=

v°æñ«-ÊÆ-´™ Ö†o-¢√-∞Î}-´-®Ω-®·Ø√ Cví¬s¥ç-A-éπ®Ω ü¿’¨¡a-®Ωu©ûÓ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ñ«ví∫-ûªh-°æ-ú≈L. Scandal X Honour/ Glory

(=íı®Ω´ç/ ¢Áj¶µº´ç) 5-C. Dispute = Quarrel. Border dispute = River waters dispute =

N¢√ü¿ç. ÆæJ-£æ«ü¿’l N¢√ü¿ç. †D ©

N¢√ü¿ç. Nobody buys disputed property-

N¢√-ü∆™x Ö†o ÇÆœhE á´®Ω÷ é̆®Ω’. Dispute X Agreement good G. Polished = mannered. He is a polished young man = manners (Refined synonym).

Ææç≤ƒ\®Ωçí∫©/

´’ç*

Ö†o ߪ·´-èπ◊úø’. DEéÀ èπÿú≈

îËߪ’çúÕ.

i) Applications called for for the post of ... for

-Ñ -¢√éπuç-™ È®çúø’-≤ƒ®Ω’x -Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îª-´-î√a? ii) Ex èπ◊ former èπ◊ ûËú≈ -à-N’-öÀ?

Most Ministers are involved in some scandal or the other =

î√™«-´’çC ´’çvûª’©’ v°æï-©†’ Cví¬s¥ç-ûª-°æ-®ΩîË îÁúø’ v°æ´-®Ωh†, ü¿’¨¡a®Ωu©ûÓ Ææç•çüµ¿ç Ö†o-¢√∞¡Ÿx.

practise

- A. Kiranmai, Hyderabad

A.

Applications called for, for the post of... for for, Applications - Applications called for = Applications which have been called for. for, for the post of =

Ééπ\úø

È®çúø’-≤ƒ®Ω÷x Å´-Ææ-®Ω¢Ë’. ¢Á·ü¿öÀ èπ◊

È®çúÓ

Ç ÖüÓuí∫ç éÓÆæç. Å®Ωnç™ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫ç™ ûËú≈ ™‰ü¿’. Q. Biodata, Resume èπ◊ ûËú≈ -à-N’-öÀ? ii) Ex= former-

- GVSM Patnaik, Chinamerangi

A.

Biodata

Åçõ‰ äéπJ @Nûª N´-®√©’– ´·êuçí¬ @N-ûªç™ ≤ƒCµç-*† N´-®√© ñ«Gû√. (Nü∆u-®Ω|-ûª©ûÓ) ´’†ç Job application ™ ûÁL-ߪ’-°æÍ®aN. Resume (È®Vu-¢Á’ß˝’– Vu, size ™ ñ¸ ™«) = ´’†ç ÖüÓu-í¬-EéÀ apply îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’, ´’† application ™ ÉîËa ´’† Nü∆u-®Ω|-ûª©’, Éçûª-èπ◊´·çü¿’/ É°æpöÀ´®Ωèπ◊ îËÆœ† ÖüÓu-í¬-© N´-®√©’. Biodata éπç-õ‰ Resume ™ áèπ◊\´ N´-®√L≤ƒhç. Resume ™ v°æA N´®Ωç É≤ƒhç. Resume (American English) = Curriculum Vitae (CV) (British English) Resume etc

èπ◊ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç– äéπJ v°æÆæçí∫ç, ¢√uÆæç, ™E ´·ë«uç-¨»©’/ summary.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 6 -ï-†-´-J 2008 Q.

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

i) Assent, Consent;

ii) Astonished, Surprised; iii) Avenge, Revenge; iv) Bill, Act-

-Ñ -°æ-ü∆© Å®Ωn¶µ‰ü¿ç N´-Jç--îªí∫-©®Ω’. – áç.®Ωç-í∫ߪ’u, É©xçü¿ i) Assent = ÅCµ-é¬-®Ωç™ Ö†o-¢√J ÅçU-鬮Ωç/ ÅçU-鬮Ωç ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰ßª’úøç.

A.

❖ We were astonished at the six year old boy's memory and his ability to do complicated mathematics =

Ç ÇÍ®∞¡x ¶«©’úÕ Å°æ‹®Ωy ñ«c°æ-éπ-¨¡éÀh, à ÆæçéÀx-≠d-¢æ Á’i† ™„éπ\-™„jØ√ îËߪ’í∫-©-í∫úøç, ´÷èπ◊ Cví∫s¥´’ éπL-Tç-*çC. (Astonish = ´’†ç ®√®·™«, ≤ƒnù’-´¤™« EL*§Ú-ßË’çûª Ǩ¡a®Ωuç). iii) Avenge - ´’†èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† ¢√JéÀ ïJ-T† ÅØ√u-ߪ÷-EéÀ ´’†ç v°æB-鬮Ωç ≤ƒCµç-îªúøç. eg: He avenged his father's death =

ûª† ûªçvúÕE îªç°œ-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æB-鬮Ωç B®Ω’a-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.

The president assented/ gave his assented to the bill passed by the parliament = Parliament bill

❖ I was surprized at his presence there =

Åûª-†-éπ\úø Öçúøôç îª÷Æœ Ǩ¡a-®Ωu-§Ú-ߪ÷†’ (Åûª-†-éπ\úø Öçö«-úø-†’-éÓ-™‰ü¿’/ ÖØ√oúø’).

Q.

1. Each, every

éπ~vA-ߪ·-©†’ îªç°œ ûª† ûªçvúÕ é¬®ΩhO®√u-®Ω’-b†’-úÕE îªç°œ†ç-ü¿’èπ◊, °æ®Ω-¨¡Ÿ-®√-´·úø’ v°æB-鬮Ωç B®Ω’a-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’. ❖ Revenge = ´’†èπ◊ ïJ-T† ÅØ√u-ߪ÷-EéÀ ´’†ç v°æB-鬮Ωç B®Ω’a-éÓ-´úøç.

Avenge, Revenge

¢√∞¡x °RxéÀ ûªçvúÕ Ææ´’t-Aç-î√úø’/ ņ’-´’-Aç-î√úø’. È®çúø’ ´÷ô©÷ ví¬çC∑-éπ-¢Á’i-†¢Ë. °j† îÁ°œp† Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√úøû√ç. ii) Astonished, surprized- Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀéà ŮΩnç Ǩ¡a-®Ωu-§Ú-´úøç ÅØË. Å®·ûË, surprized Åçõ‰ ´’†ç ņ’-éÓE °∂æ’-ô† àüÁjØ√ ïJ-T-†-°æ¤púø’ ´’†èπ◊ éπLÍí ¶µ«´ç. Astonish Åçõ‰ surprize éπçõ‰ î√™« áèπ◊\´ Ǩ¡a®Ωuç– Cví∫s¥´’ éπL-Tç-îËC ÅE. ÅÆæ©’ Ü£œ«ç-îªE N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ ï®Ω-í∫-úøç-´©x éπLÍí Ǩ¡a®Ωuç.

Duryodhana took revenge on Pandavas because he felt insulted by Drowpadi =

vüˆ°æC ûª††’ Å´-´÷-Eç-*ç-ü¿ØË ¶«üµ¿ûÓ ü¿’®Óu-üµ¿-†’úø’ v°æB-鬮Ωç B®Ω’a-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’. iv) Parliament/ Assemblies ™ Ç¢Á÷ü¿ç §ÒçC† B®√t†ç– Bill. ÅC ®√≠æZ-°æA/ Governor ÅçU鬮Ωç §ÒçC† ûª®√yûª îªôdç– Act Å´¤-ûª’çC.

v°æA

É™«çöÀ ©™ àC ®√ߪ÷L? àüÁjØ√ ®Ω÷™¸ Öçü∆?

sentences

™

to, for

3. He sold half of his property. Half of the fruit is bad.

Ñ ¢√é¬u-©†’ of ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ®√ßÁ·î√a? Åçö«ç éπü∆? Woollen clothes †’ †’ golden medal, wooden horse †’

4. Cotton clothes, iron box wool clothes, gold medal wood horse

- T. Siva, Nandikotkuru

Åçõ‰ ã group ™ v°æA ´Ææ’h´‹/ v°æA ´uéÀh (äéÌ\éπ\) ÅE. Åçõ‰ ã group ™ ÅFo/ Åçü¿®Ω÷ ÅE. Ééπ\úø Ö†o v°æA Ŷ«s-®·éà 㠰æ¤Ææhéπç ÖçC.

Every boy here has a book=

Ééπ\úø Ö†o Ŷ«s-®·-©ç-ü¿-Jéà °æ¤Ææh-é¬-©’-Ø√o®·. Éçé¬ îª÷úøçúÕ: Each of them received a gift =

¢√∞¡x™x v°æA äéπ\®Ω÷ äéÓ\ •£æ›-´’A §Òçü∆®Ω’. Every one of them received gifts =

¢√∞¡xç-ü¿®Ω÷ •£æ›-´’-ûª’©’ §Òçü∆®Ω’.

èπ◊

à N Å®·ûË ¶«í∫’ç-ö«ßÁ÷ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’çúÕ.

- K. Vijay, Kadapa

¨¡çéπ-®Ω-Ø√-®√-

Telugu to English Dictionary, the best.

Q.

1. Future tense will

™ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-TçîË shall, © ´’üµ¿u ûËú≈ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. 2. Mayor èπ◊ feminine noun - Mayoress éπü∆! ´’J Nï-ߪ’-¢√-úøèπ◊ lady Ö†o-°æ¤púø’ mayoress ÅØ√L. Mayor Åçô’-Ø√o®Ω’. áçü¿’èπ◊?

I request you to kindly let me know the Indirect speech for this: "Do you go to Agra this year?'' she said to Kamala. She asked Kamala if she would go to Agra that year.

car

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 405

É™« ¢Á∞¡xúøç/ É™«-¢Á-Rx† v°æA

M.SURESAN

car

4.

3. Spoken English-367 lesson Who gave this news to you? Who did give this news to you?

°æJ-éπ-®√©’

Each, Every

He said this in an aside =

ÉC Ø√ûÓ ÅØ√oúø’ (Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ NE°œç-îª-èπ◊çú≈).

3. Half of his property = Half his property-

†÷ îª÷¨»†’.

a) Tools are useful to mechanics for their repairing work= (for repairing work), mechanics to mechanics)

èπ◊

(

Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-éπ®Ωç. (Fèπ◊/ ´uéÀhéÀ) for your research F °æJ-¨-üµ¿-†èπ◊/ äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷-EéÀ)

b) This book is useful to you (

ᙫ ®√ÆœØ√ correct. î√™« ´’ç* v°æ¨¡o. Cotton, iron N≠æ-ߪ’ç™, ¢√öÀéÀ cotton/ iron ûÓ îËÆœ† ÅØË Å®Ωn-N’îËa adjectives èπÿú≈ cotton, iron. Åçü¿’-éπE cotton cloth/ clothes, iron trunk, iron rod Åçö«ç. Wool N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ wool ûÓ îËÆ œ† ÅE Å®Ωnç ´îËa adjective, woollen ÅE ¢ËÍ® ÖçC 鬕öÀd woollen clothes Åçö«ç. Ééπ •çí¬®ΩçûÓ îËÆœ† ÅE Å®Ωnç, gold èπÿ ÖçC. Golden èπÿ ÖçC. Å®·ûË ´÷´‚©’ ¶µ«≠æ™ •çí¬-®Ω°æ¤ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ gold áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úø’-éπ™ ÖçC. •çí¬-®Ω°æ¤ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ golden ÅØË ´÷ô†’, áèπ◊\-´í¬ ≤ƒ£œ«-ûªuç™ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. •çí¬-®Ωç-™«çöÀ (Åûªuçûª N©’´ Ö†o) ÅØË Å®Ωnç-ûÓØË (•çí¬-®Ω°æ¤ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ é¬èπ◊çú≈) golden, ņúøç ¢√úø’éπ (usage). Wool, woollen ™«í¬ØË, wood, wooden. Wooden- îÁéπ\-ûÓ-îË-Æ œ†– wooden furniture; wooden chair, etc. (wood work= îÁéπ\-°æE). Wooden èπ◊ ´’®Ó Å®Ωnç, ´·êç™ ¶µ«¢√-™‰-O’ éπ-E°œç-îª-E.

Convenient for somebody for something

This actor's face is wooden =

A car will be convenient for me for my movements =

Ñ †ô’úø’ ûª† ¢Á·£æ«ç™ ¶µ«¢√-™‰-O’ îª÷°æ-™‰-úø’. (†ô-†-®√ü¿’).

؈’ AJ-Ííç-ü¿’èπ◊ car ≤˘éπ-®Ωuçí¬ Öçô’çC. É™«çöÀ ¢√öÀéÀ rules Öçúø´¤, ÉN ¢√úø’éπ. îªü¿-´-úøç-´©x, dictionary, grammar books ≤ƒßª’çûÓ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-LqçüË. 2. Mayor, actor, poet, etc feminine forms (Mayoress, actress, poetess, Modern English etc)

™«çöÀ ¢√öÀéÀ

Ö†o-°æp-öÀéÃ, ™ ¢√öÀ-E ¢√úøôç ™‰ü¿’. ´’í∫-¢√-∞¡x-ÈéjØ√, Çúø-¢√-∞¡x-ÈéjØ√ äÍé °æü¿ç ¢√úøôç É°æpöÀ °æü¿l¥A.

Whom - Who

eg: She is a great singer (Songstress =

™

í¬ßª’E ¢√úøôç ™‰ü¿’) 3. Who ûÓ Question begin îËÆ œ-†-°æ¤púø’, ü∆E é¬èπ◊ç-ú≈ ûª®√yûª helping verbs like do, does & did ņ-èπÿ-úøü∆? N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. ®√´¤ . ÉC who = á´®Ω’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úÕûË. 4. The point is why you didn't tell this to English ™ á´-JE, á´-JéÀ, ÅØË É°æ p öÀ me ÅE îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. Question word ûª®√yûª whom •ü¿’©’ who ¢√úø’-ûª’Ø√oç. Å®Ω n ç ûÓ helping verb ®√¢√L éπü∆? Why didn't Whom ¢√úøéπç É°æpöÀ English ™ ™‰ü¿’) ( you tell this to me ÅE ®√ߪ’-èπÿ-úøü∆? who †’ á´-JE á´-JéÀ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ whom - T. Vijayapal, Vijayawada •ü¿’©’ ¢√úÕûË Å°æ¤púø’ questions ™ who ûª®√yûª do, does, did ™«çöÀ ´÷ô©’ (helpA. 1. Shall, will ûËú≈©’ î√™« N´-®Ωçí¬ Éçûª-èπ◊´·çü¿’ lessons ™ ÖØ√o®·. îª÷úøçúÕ. ing verbs) ¢√úøû√ç.

ÅE îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. Å-™«

- A. Bunganna, Kurnool

A.

Q.

Éçéπ-†úø÷. à´÷vûªç Ééπ Ééπ\úø Öçúøèπ◊. ÉC ñA≠æç™E ´÷ô. Mars = Åçí¬-®Ω-èπ◊úø’ Venus = ¨¡Ÿvéπ-ví∫£æ«ç. 4. Side = °æéπ\†. Aside = äéπ-JéÀ ûÁL-ߪ’-èπ◊çú≈ ÉçéÌ-éπ-JûÓ ®Ω£æ«-≤ƒu©’ ´÷ö«x-úøôç. 3.

É™« cars ¢Á∞¡xúøç/ ÅEo cars É™« ¢Á∞¡xúøç (Åéπ\-úø’†o ÅEo cars É™« ¢Á∞¡xúøç) îª÷¨»†’. 2. Useful to somebody = äéπ ´uéÀhéÀ (to) Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-éπ®Ωç, useful for something= äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷-EéÀ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-éπ®Ωç (for)

1. Each Every

É°æp-öÀéà ߪ’ù

Get going. Don't hangout here any longer =

I saw every car pass by =

Each boy here has a book =

A.

Hyderabad

´’®Ω-´’t-ûª’©’ îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊

Å-ØÌî√a?

English to Telugu to dictioEnglish naries author

A.

Corporate = äéπ °ü¿l ¢√u§ƒ®Ω ÆæçÆænèπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç*†. Corporate hospital = (v°æ¶µº’ûªy/ üµ¿®√tÆæ’°æOöÀ Å®√n©’ àN’öÀ? vûª’-™«x) ÊÆ¢√-ü¿%-éπp-ü∑¿çûÓ é¬èπ◊çú≈, ¢√u§ƒ-®Ωçí¬ 2. Hang out Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? -D-E-E ¢√éπuç™ ™«¶µ«-Ê°-éπ~ûÓ E®Ωy-£œ«çîË ÇÆæ’°ævA. ᙫ, à Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√L? Corporate Industries = °ü¿l °ü¿l ¢√u§ƒ®Ω 3. Men are from mars and women from ÆæçÆæn©’ E®Ωy-£œ«çîË °æJ-v¨¡-´’©’. venus - Ñ ¢√éπuç Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? Corporate culture = -¢√u-§ƒ®Ω Ææ çÆæn© †´’t-鬩’, ü¿%éπp-ü∑∆©÷, 4. Side, Aside Å®Ωnç, Æœ ü ∆l¥ç-û√©÷, working habits. ûËú≈ àN’öÀ? ᙫ Side, Aside 2. Hangout = äéπîÓô’ †’ç* ¢ÁRxÖ°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√L? §Ú-èπ◊çú≈ Åéπ\úË ûªî√aúøôç. - Naaz Sultana,

°æü∆-EéÀ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ?

I saw each car pass by =

ûËú≈ -à-N’-öÀ?

It is convenient to/ for me. etc.

Q.

Corporate Corporate hospital, corporate industries, corporate culture -

Don't hangout her e any longer

2. It is useful to/ for me.

A.

Q.

Parasurama avenged his father's killing by Karthaveeryarjuna by killing Kshatriyas =

Ç¢Á÷-Cç-*† èπ◊ ®√≠æZ-°æA ÅçU-鬮Ωç ûÁL-§ƒ®Ω’. ❖ Consent= ņ’-´’A/ ņ’-´’-Aç-îªúøç. The father gave his consent/ consented to their marriage =

2

Her delivery of dialogues is wooden =

Ç¢Á’ (†öÀ) Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™x £æ…´-¶µ«-¢√™‰ç éπE°œç-¤. (Dialogues °æ©-éπúøç îËûª-é¬ü¿’.)

Who gave it to you =

FéπC á´®Ω’ Éî√a®Ω’?

Q.

Who did you give it to? = Who saw you there? =

E†o-éπ\úø á´®Ω’ îª÷¨»®Ω’? Who did you see there? =

†’´y-éπ\úø á´JE îª÷¨»´¤. Ñ

™

ÅØËC

é¬ü¿’ éπü∆? Why you didn't tell this to me Åçõ‰ Ééπ\úÕ Å®Ωnç, †’¢Áyç-ü¿’èπ◊ Ø√ûÓ îÁ°æp-™‰-ü¿-ØËC, ÅE Å®Ωnç, Question é¬ü¿’ 鬕öÀd helping verb ®√ü¿’, ®√èπÿúøü¿’. The point is why you didn't .. ņúøç correct. Nobody knows where he is (Åûª-ØÁ-éπ\-úø’-Ø√oúÓ á´-Jéà ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ü¿’)– ..where he is = áéπ\-úø’-Ø√oúÓ– question é¬ü¿’-éπü∆. Åçü¿’-éπE Where is he ņç... Where he is ņ-úø¢Ë’ correct.

O’®Ω’

19.08.2007 ™

ÅE ÅØËC á°æ¤púø÷ ®√¨»®Ω’. é¬F äéπ\õ‰ Öçô’çC éπü∆? ( ü∆Eo É™« îÁÊ°h ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC éπü∆?

†’´yC á´-J-éÀ-î√a´¤?

4. The point is why you didn't tell this to me? sentence Why you didn't tell this to me, question

Spoken English Out of the six best in the class she is the top best superlative) Out of the six top students in the class she is the best.

- P. Srinivas, Vegayammapeta

A.

Best

ÅØËC äéπ\õ‰ Öçú≈-©E ņ™‰ç éπü∆? One of the best ÅØËC ¢√úø’éπ™ ÖçC éπü∆? He is one of the best students in the class of the six top students, she is the best,

Åçö«ç éπü∆? È®çúÓC,

ņo-°æ¤púø’ í∫´’-Eç-î√-Lq† N≠æߪ’ç– ´÷´‚-©’í¬ top Åçõ‰ ÅEoçöx íÌ°æpC/ Åçü¿-J™ íÌ°æp-¢√®Ω’ ÅE éπü∆? Åçõ‰ ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ top ÅØËC äéπ-JÍé/ äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷-EÍé.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 8 -ï-†-´-J 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Tejas: Vihar, you've been searching for a book. Is this it?

(†’´¤y ã °æ¤Ææhéπç éÓÆæç ¢Áûª’-èπ◊-ûª’-Ø√o´¤. ÉüËØ√ ÅC?)

Tejas: It is not just reading, you know. I have to study it and make notes. Just a few days. Let's say the weekend.

(ÅC Íé´©ç îªü¿-´ôç é¬ü¿’-éπü∆. ü∆Eo ¶«í¬ °æJ-Q-Lç* îªCN notes ®√Ææ’éÓ¢√L. éÌCl ®ÓV©’. Ñ ¢√®√çûªç ņ’éÓ.)

Vihar: That certainly it is. Where did you see it?

(éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ÅüË. áéπ\úø éπE-°œç-*çC Fèπ◊?) Tejas: You lent it to Vinai. He asked me to give it back to you.

(†’´yC N†-ß˝’-éÀ-î √a´¤. DEoîËaߪ’´’-Ø√oúø’.) Here it is. (ÉCíÓ)

Åûªúø’

Fèπ◊

Vihar: OK then. But do let me have it.

(ÆæÍ®. é¬F Ø√é¬ °æ¤Ææhéπç ´÷vûªç É´¤y) Look at the following sentence pairs from the dialogue above. 1) You've been searching for a book. Is this it?

Vihar: How forgetful of me. I lent the book to him. I clean forgot it.

(áçûª ´’A-´’-®Ω°æ¤ Ø√èπ◊! Åûª-úÕéà °æ¤Ææhéπç Éî√a†E °æ‹Jhí¬ ´’®Ω-*-§Ú-ߪ÷-ØËo†’.) Tejas: What's the book about?

2) You lent it to Vinai. He asked me to give it back to you.

(Åü¿’s¥-ûª-¢Á’i† °æ¤Ææhéπç ÉC. Çûªt-N-¨»yÆæç ᙫ °ç-éÓ-¢√™ îÁ°æ¤hçC.) Tejas: How about lending it to me for a few days?

(éÌEo ®ÓV-©-§ƒô’ Ø√é¬-°æ¤-Ææhéπç É≤ƒh¢√?) Vihar: Certainly, but let me finish it. This author has a son. He is famous too.

Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀF, É™«çöÀ sentences E éπL-Ê°--ô°æ¤púø’ é¬Ææh ñ«ví∫ûªh Å´-Ææ®Ωç. éÌClí¬ éπ≠dçæ . îª÷úøçúÕ.

4) It is a wonderful book. It tells us how to develop self confidence.

Vinai who you lent the book to, asked me to give it back to you.

6) He writes books on the same subject. They are well known too. 7) Our lecturer Sambasiva Rao recommended their books to me. He conducts training programmes on the same subject. Who, whose, which, that, when, where senjoin tences

(Åûªúø’ èπÿú≈ ÉüË N≠æ-ߪ÷© O’ü¿ ®√≤ƒhú≈?)

Vinai who you lent the book to = Vinai to whom you lent the book - whom who to

É°æ¤púø’ É™« Åçö«-®ΩE ´’†ç

¢√úø-ôç-™‰-ü¿E, ü∆E-•-ü¿’©’ î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x îª÷¨»ç.

A: I gave the book to Satish. B: Who to? (To whom

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

406

[I bought a pen yesterday. It is this. Pen, subject sentence which/ that omit

é¬ü¿’. Åçü¿’-éπE îËߪ’-í∫©ç.) éπL-Ê°-ô-°æ¤púø’

This is the pen which/ that I bought yesterday = This is the pen I bought yesterday. 5) The author has a son. He is famous too = The author has a son who is famous too.

(Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ èπ◊ü¿-®Ωü¿’.)

Vihar: He does. They are well known too.

(Åûª-úÕéÀ °æ¤Ææhéπç Éî√a†’. ÅC ؈’ Ñ≤ƒJ ÅüË °æü¿l¥-A™ é¬Ææh §Òúø’-í¬öÀ (Å´¤†’. ÅûªúÕ °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ èπÿú≈ ¶«í¬ Ê°®Ω’- sentences ᙫ join îËߪ’-í∫-©¢Á÷ ûÁ©’-Ææ’´’®Ω-*-§Ú-ߪ÷†’ = Åûª-úÕéÀ °æ¤Ææhéπç †o¢Ë.) Éî√a-†E ´’®Ω-*-§Ú-ߪ÷†’) èπ◊çü∆ç. É™« join îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’, ûÁ©’-í∫’™E Tejas: Our lecturer Sambasiva Rao recom- ¢Á·ü¿öÀ sentence, English ™ *´®Ω 4) It is a wonderful book. It tells us mended their books to me. He also con- ®√´îª’a; Éçü¿’èπ◊ ´uA-Í®-éπ¢Ë’ Ŵa. ´’†ç how to develop self confidence. join îËÆ œØ√ Å®Ωnç ´÷vûªç ducts training programmes on these sub- ᙫ It is wonderful book which (that) ´÷®Ωèπÿúøü¿’. ÅC ´·êuç. jects. tells us how to develop self confiM.SURESAN (¢√∞¡x °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ îªü¿-¢√-©E ´’† lecturer 1) You've been searching for a book. dence. Is this it? - book- inanimate (ÅîË-ûª-†-¢Á’i†/ Sambasiva Rao îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. Çߪ’† èπÿú≈ Ñ (Ééπ\úø ´’†ç which/ that, ´C-™‰ßª’ú≈EéÀ ™‰ü¿’. v§ƒùç-™‰E– Åçü¿’-éπE which ûÓ join îË≤ƒhç.) N≠æߪ÷™x Péπ~ù ûª®Ω-í∫-ûª’©’ E®Ωy-£œ«-≤ƒh®Ω’.) áçü¿’-éπçõ‰, Ééπ\úø which/ that ûÁL-Ê°C, sentence Is this the book which you've been searching Vihar: When do you think you can finish the subject í∫’Jç*.) for? book? ÅüË sentence No.1 ™ Å®·ûË which/ that, Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ îª÷¨»ç. É™«ç-öÀ-îÓôx which ´C-™‰(°æ¤Ææh-é¬Eo á°æ¤púø’ °æ‹Jh-îË-ߪ’-í∫-©†E ņ’èπ◊çô’book í∫ ’ Jç* îÁ§ƒh®·. Ééπ\úø book subject ßÁ·-îªaE. Ø√o´¤?) é¬ü¿ ’ . Åçü¿ ’ é π E which/ that, ´C-™‰-ßÁ·îª’a. Is this book you've been looking for. EXERCISE I

EXERCISE II Match the words under A with their meanings under B

1) He has two sons. They are the same height as he. (who)

A

B

1. Braggart

A. Sideview (of head)

2) There are two rooms upstairs. They have not been used for years. (which/ that)

2. Profile

B. Stink

3. Deserve

C. Wish

3) Is that your teacher? His son left for the states last week. (whose)

4. Stench

D. Earn

5. Frown

E. Boaster

4) A few attended the lecture. They found it interesting. (who/ that) 5) This pen is Ramesh's. He is not here now. (whose)

ANSWERS

F. Glare G. Outline

KEY:

1-E. Braggart = Boaster =

íÌ°æp©’ îÁ°æ¤péÌ-ØË-¢√∞¡Ÿx/ v°æí∫-™«s¥©’ °æL-Íé-¢√∞¡Ÿx. Brag = Boast = v°æí∫-™«s¥©’ °æ©-éπôç/ íÌ°æp©’ îÁ°æ¤p-éÓ-´úøç.

1) He has two sons who are the same height as he.

Team India did not live up to its brag=

2) There are two rooms upstairs which/ that have not been used for years.

¶µ«®Ωûª ïô’d ûª† v°æí∫-™«s¥©’ Eïç îËߪ’-™‰-éπ-§Ú-®·çC.

3) Is that your teacher whose son left for the states last week? 4) The few who attended the lecture found it interesting. 5) Ramesh whose pen this is is not here.

Uttarakumara (the Mahabharatam) was a braggart/ boaster=

¶µ«®Ω-ûªç™ Öûªh-®Ω-èπ◊-´÷-®Ω’úø’ v°æí∫-™«s¥-©-´÷J. Each political party boasts of its achievement=

v°æA §ƒKd û√†’ ≤ƒCµç-*-†-ü∆E í∫’Jç* íÌ°æp©’ îÁ°æ¤péÌç-ô’çC.

2- A, G. Profile = Sideview (of head), Outline (sideview of a person's head & face),

°æéπ\-†’ç* îª÷Æœ-†-°æ¤púø’ äéπ ´uéÀh ´·ê-Í®ê (áü¿’-öÀ-†’ç* îª÷Æœ-†-°æ¤púø’ é¬èπ◊çú≈). NT RamaRao had an impressive profile = NT ®√´÷-®√´¤ ¢Á·£æ«ç (sideview) ´’†-Ææ’q-†’ -Çéπô’d-èπ◊-ØËC. äéπ-JE/ äéπ-ü∆E í∫’Jç* ´·êu-¢Á’i† N´-®√©’ èπÿú≈ profile. Let me have a profile of the company = Ç éπç°E N´-®√©’ (ü∆E îªJvûª ÆæçéÀ~-°æhçí¬) Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’°æ¤. High profile = v°æ´·-ê-¢Á’i†. He is a high profile actor.

3-D. Deserve= Earn=

Å®Ω|ûª §Òçü¿úøç.

Kumble deserves to be the captain = Captain

who

´·êuç.

Omit

îËߪ’ôç

6) He writes books on the same subject. They are well known too. sentences He writes books on the same subjects which are well known too which books subject

Ñ È®çúø’

í¬ ÖçúË-ü¿’èπ◊ èπ◊綉xèπ◊ ûªT† Å®Ω|ûª ÖçC.

Most ministers don't deserve to be ministers

†÷

ÅE éπL§ƒç ņ’-éÓçúÕ. Å°æ¤púø’ í∫’Jç* îÁ°æp-èπ◊çú≈, ü∆EéÀ ü¿í∫_-®Ω’†o í∫’Jç* îÁ°œp-†-ôx-´¤-ûª’çC. 鬕öÀd É™«çöÀ Ææ´’Ææu ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’, which ûÓ éπLÊ° °æØË-™‰-èπ◊çú≈, and ûÓ éπL-°œûË problem Öçúøü¿’.

The stench of cor r uption fills India

Join the following pairs of sentences using who, whom, whose, which/ that.

Ééπ\úø †’

•ü¿’©’) = á´-JéÀ? 3) I lent the book to him. I clean forgot about it = I clean forgot (that) I lent it to him.

Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç

©ûÓ È®çúø’ ᙫ îËßÁ·îÓa (ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈. ¢Á·ü¿ô ††’o ü∆Eo °æ‹Jh-îË-ߪ’F. îª÷¨»ç éπü∆? Ñ ®Ωîª-®·ûªéÌéπ éÌúø’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’. Åûª†’ èπÿú≈ ¶«í¬ Ê°®Ω’-†o-¢√úË.)

Tejas: Does he write on the same subjects too?

2) You lent it to Vinai. He asked me to give it back to you.

3) I had lent it to him. I clean forgot about it.

5) The author has a son. He is famous too.

(üËEo í∫’Jç* °æ¤Ææhéπç ÅC?) Vihar: It's a wonderful book. It tells us how to develop self confidence.

2

He writes books on the same subject and they are famous too. which

™‰èπ◊çõ‰ 鬢√-©-†’-èπ◊çõ‰, É™« éπ©’-°æ¤û√ç.

The books (which/ that) he writes on the same subject are famous too.

(Ééπ\úø

which/ that

´C-™‰-ßÁ·îª’a)

7) Our lecturer Sambasiva Rao recommended their books to me. He conducts training programmes on the same subject. = Our lecturer Sambasiva Rao who recommended their books to me conducts training programmes on the same subject.

Ñ sentence pairs (¢√é¬u© ïûª-©)†’ éπ©-°æúøç éÌçîÁç éπ≠d-¢æ Á’i-†üË. Åçü¿’-éπE é¬Ææh practice Å´Ææ®Ωç. O’®Ω’ join îËߪ’-™‰-éπ-§Ú-®·-†çûª ´÷vû√† ÅüµÁj-®Ωu°æ-úø-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’, îªü¿’-´¤ûª÷, practise îËÆæ÷h Öçõ‰ ÅüË ´Ææ’hçC.

4-B. Stench= Stink =

ü¿’®√y-Ææ†/ éπç°æ¤/ èπ◊∞¡Ÿx éπç°æ¤. The stench of the dead bodies at the place of the accident filled the air =

¨¡¢√© ü¿’®√y-Ææ† (èπ◊∞¡Ÿx, éπç°æ¤) ûÓ EçúÕ-§Ú-®·ç-ü¿-éπ\úø í¬©çû√.

The stench of corruption fills India =

¶µ«®Ωû˝ Åçû√ ÅN-FA èπ◊∞¡Ÿx-éπç-°æ¤ûÓ EçúÕ ÖçC. The stench of something burning could be felt strongly = X fragrance 5-F. Frown = Glare =

àüÓ é¬L† ü¿’®√y-Ææ† ´≤ÚhçC. (Ææ’¢√-Ææ†) ØÌÆæ©’ *öÀxç* éÓ°æç/ Bv´ ÅÆæ-´’tA ûÁ©-°æúøç. The minute I turn on the TV, I see a frown on my dad's face = TV on

؈’ îËÊÆh î√©’, ´÷ Ø√†o ¢Á·£æ«ç-O’ü¿ ØÌÆæ©’ *öÀxç-°æ¤ûÓ éÓ°æç/ ÅÆæ´’tA Öçö«®·. frown = éÓ°æç, ÅÆæ-´’tAûÓ ØÌÆæ©’ *öÀxç-îªúøç. Elders frown at youngsters talking of love and sex =

=

*†o-¢√∞¡Ÿx vÊ°´’, ¨¡%çí¬®Ωç í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«xúøôç °ü¿l-¢√-∞¡xèπ◊ éÓ°æç ûÁ°œp-Ææ’hçC. Glare = éÓ°æçí¬ îª÷úøôç.

He deserves the punishment/ to be punished

He glared at me when I asked for more salary = frown X smile.

´’çvûª’™x áèπ◊\-´-´’çC Ç °æü¿-´¤-©èπ◊ Å®Ω’|-©’-鬮Ω’. (earn = v°æA¶µº, éπ%≠œ ´©x Å®Ω|ûª Ææ秃-Cç--éÓ-´úøç) =

Åûªúø’ Ç Péπ~èπ◊ Å®Ω’|úø’. undeserving = Å®Ω|-ûª-™‰E.

áèπ◊\´ @ûªç ÅúÕ-T-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ Ø√¢Áj°æ¤ éÓ°æçí¬ îª÷¨»úø’.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 10 -ï-†-´-J 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Ramesh: Do you know if Jagadish is back from the US?

(àç ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úøèπ◊. Åçûª-éπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\´ üµ¿®Ωèπ◊, Åçûª-éπçõ‰ ´’ç* cell phones Fèπ◊ üÌ®Ω’-èπ◊û√®·. ÅEo ®Ω鬩 cell phones market ™ ¢Á©’x-¢Á-ûª’h-ûª’-Ø√o®·.)

(ïí∫-D≠ˇ Å¢Á’-Jé¬ †’ç* AJ-íÌ-î√aú≈ ™‰ü∆ ÅØËC FÍé-¢Á’iØ√ ûÁ©’≤ƒ?) Naresh: Of course he is. He landed in Chennai a few days ago. I don't remember exactly whether it was last Wednesday or Thursday, but he called me from Chennai one of those days.

(´î√a-úø’™‰. éÌEo-®Ó-V© éÀçü¿õ‰ îÁØÁj o™ Cí¬úø’. •’üµ¿-¢√-®Ω¢Á÷, í∫’®Ω’-¢√-®Ω¢Á÷ í∫’®Ω’h-™‰ü¿’ é¬F, Ç È®çvúÓ-V™x äéπ-®ÓV Ø√èπ◊ phone î˨»úø’.) Ramesh: He told us that he would get us some books from the US. Any idea if he has brought them or not?

(Å¢Á’-Jé¬ †’ç* ´’†-Íé¢Ó °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ ûÁ≤ƒh-†Ø√oúø’. ûÁî√aú≈ ™‰ü∆ ÅØË-üË-´’Ø√o ûÁ©’≤ƒ?) Naresh: No. He said he would call you too. Didn't he?

(™‰ü¿’. Fèπÿ phone îË≤ƒh-†E ÅØ√oúø’. îËߪ’™‰ü∆?) Ramesh: He must have. I haven't had my cell about me for the past few days.

(îËÊÆ Öçö«úø’. éÌCl-®Ó-V-©’í¬ Ø√ cell Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω ™‰ü¿’.) Naresh: Why? What happened?

2

Ramesh: Help me choose one.

(Ø√éÌ-éπöÀ

select

îËÆœ-°ô’d).

Naresh: Depends on whether you want an ordinary cell or one with additional features like Camera, FM radio, etc.

(FÈé-™«çöÀ cell 鬢√™ ü∆E-O’ü¿ Çüµ∆-®Ω-°æúÕ Öçô’çC– ´÷´‚©’ cell 鬢√™, ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ Åü¿-†°æ¤ features- Camera, FM radio ™«çöÀN ÖçúËü∆ ÅØË-ü∆-Eo-•öÀd.) Ramesh: Depends on my pocket too, doesn't it?

Naresh:

(ÅC Ø√ û√£æ«-ûª’-†’-•öÀd èπÿú≈ Öçô’çC éπü∆?) It certainly does. (ÅçûË-éπü∆)

Ramesh: Let

us

I do not know whether/ if he did it or his brother=

ÅC îËÆœçC Åûªú≈ ÅûªúÕ ûª´·tú≈ ÅØËC Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’. È®çúÕçöÀ/ Éü¿lJ ´’üµ¿u– ÅØË N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«xúË-ô-°æ¤púø’ Ñ whether/ if ¢√úøû√ç. I am unable to say whether I am happy or sad

see

tomorrow.

(Í®°æ¤ îª÷ü∆lç).








-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

407

ØËØË îÁ°æp-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’= Ø√o†’, ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖØ√oØ√, ü¿’”êçí¬ ÖØ√oØ√ ÅE.

6) I am not sure if I can get the same kind of piece again. 7) Depends on whether you want an ordinary cell or one with additional features. 1) Is Jagadish back from the US? Do you know: sentences if/ whether

(ïí∫-D≠ˇ Å¢Á’-Jé¬ †’ç* AJ-íÌ-î√aú≈? †÷ FÍé-´’Ø√o ûÁ©’≤ƒ?)– Ñ È®çúø’ ûÓ éπL-°œûË: Do you know if Jagadish is back from the US (or not)?

2) Was it last Wednesday or Thursday? + I don't remember = I do not remember whether/ if it was last Wednesday or Thursday.

Has he come? Do you know?

(à´’-®·çD?) Ramesh: It hit the floor as it slipped from my pocket. The cell technician doubts if it can be repaired at all.

3) Has he brought them or not? (Have you) any idea? = (Have you) any idea whether/ if he has brought them or not?

2) ´’†èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’– Direct speech ™ 4) The cell phone technician doubts if it can be ûÓ Ö†o 'Non Wh' questions †’ repaired at all = Can it be repaired at all (or not)? + The cell phone technician doubts. îËߪ’úøç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç éπü∆? É°æ¤púø’ Indirect speech ™éÀ ´÷Í®a-ô-°æ¤púø’, (Ø√ ñ‰•’-™ç* ñ«J ØË©-O’ü¿ °æúÕçC. Åü¿-Ææ- ¢ËÍ® Å®√n-©ûÓ ¢ËÍ® ®Ωéπçí¬ îËߪ’úøç ûÁ©’5) Is it an expensive piece or not? + I do not If/ whether ¢√úø-û√-´’E. Lçé¬ °æE-îË-Ææ’hçü∆ ÅE Ç cell technician Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. Ñ know = I do not know if/ whether it is an îËߪ’úøç "Can you do it?" he said to me. èπ◊ ņ’-´÷-†çí¬ ÖçC). expensive piece (or not) ™ î√™« (Direct speech) Naresh: I do not know if it is an expensive 6) Can I get the same kind of piece? + I am not ™ î√™« ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ ¢√ú≈Lq ´Ææ’hçC. He asked me if (whether) he could piece, but it is very nice to look at. M.SURESAN sure = I am not sure whether/ if I can get the îËü∆lç. ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊E do it. same kind of piece. (ÅC êK-üÁjçü∆ é¬ü∆ ÅØËC Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’ Has he come? Do you know?


é¬F, îª÷úø-ö«-EéÀ î√™« ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC). Ñ sentences ÅEoç-öÀ™ whether/ if sentence (= ¢√úø’ ´î√aú≈? Fèπ◊ ûÁ©’≤ƒ?)– Ñ È®çúø’ sen- Now look
at the following sentences from the ´’üµ ¿ u ™ ´Ææ’hçC éπü∆? É™« é¬èπ◊çú≈ sentence †’ Ramesh: You let it is expensive. I am not sure if tences †÷ É™« join îË≤ƒhç: passage above. ´’†ç if/ whether ûÓØË v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îª-´îª’a. I can get the same kind of piece Do you know whether/ if he has come or not? 1) Do you know if Jagadish is back from the US? again. = Åûª-ØÌ-î √aúÓ ™‰üÓ Fèπ◊ ûÁ©’≤ƒ? a) Is he is going to help me? + It is doubtful= 2) I don't remember exactly whether it was last sentences †’ éπ L Ê °çîª ÷ ¨»ç éπ ü ∆? É™«çöÀ If he is going to help me (or not) is doubt(éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ÅC î√™« êK-üÁjçüË. Å™«ç-öÀC ful/ It is doubtful if he is going to help me. ÉçéÓöÀ üÌ®Ω’-èπ◊-ûª’çü∆ ÅØË N≠æߪ’ç Ø√èπ◊ ü¿’èπ◊, whether é¬F if é¬F àü¿-®·Ø√ ¢√úÌa. Å®·ûË Wednesday or Thursday. áèπ◊\-´í¬ whether ¢√úø-ô¢Ë’ ÆæÈ®jç-ü¿ç-ö«®Ω’. áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ 3) Any idea if he has brought them or not? ņ’-´÷-†¢Ë’) b) Is he a Congressman or TDP man? + It is very difficult to say = If/ whether he is a Naresh: Don't worry. You can get much better whether Åçõ‰ Å´¤Ø√?/ é¬ü∆? ÅE ´÷vûª¢Ë’. If éÀ 4) The cell phone technician doubts if it can be repaired at all. Congressman or TDP man is difficult to pieces than that for a much less price. Å´¤Ø√?/ é¬ü∆? ÅØË é¬èπ◊çú≈ Éûª®Ω Å®√n©’ èπÿú≈ say. The market is flood with all kinds of ÖØ√o®·. (If= Å®·ûË ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC éπü∆?) 5) I do not know whether it is an expensive Å®·ûË If *†o-´÷ô´úøçûÓ, ÅüË áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. piece. cells.

EXERCISE I Practise the following aloud in English. Ram:

Åûª-†-éπ\úø ÖØ√oúÓ ™‰úÓ Fèπ◊ ûÁ©’≤ƒ? Ø√È陫 ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC? Åûª-†-éπ\-úÕéÀ •ßª’-©’-üË-®√ú≈ ™‰ü∆ ÅØË N≠æߪ’ç èπÿú≈ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’ Ø√èπ◊. Ram: FÍé-´’Ø√o ņ’-´÷-†´÷ ¢√úø-Ææ©’ ¢Á∞«hú≈ ™‰ú≈ ÅE? Som: Å™« ÅE é¬ü¿’. Åûªúø’ Ñ®ÓV ¢Á∞«hú≈ Í®°æ¤ ¢Á∞«hú≈ ÅØËüË Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’E N≠æߪ’ç. Ram: Åéπ\-úÕéÀ ¢ÁRxØ√ èπÿú≈, Ñ N≠æߪ’ç í∫’®Ω’hç-èπ◊ç-ö«ú≈ ™‰ü∆ ÅE Ø√ ¶µºßª’ç. Som: ؈’ Åûª-úÕE Ñ N≠æߪ’ç á´-JûÓ îªJa-≤ƒh-´E Åúø-í∫úøç ´’®Ω-*-§Úߪ÷. Officer ûÓØ√ Çߪ’† PA ûÓØ√ Åûªúø’ îªJaç-îª-¶-ßË’C? Ram: Ø√èπÿ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’. Som:

ANSWER Ram: Do you know if he is there? Som: How do I know? I don't even know if he has started for the place or not. Ram: Do you doubt if he has started or not? Som: Not that. What I don't know is whether he will start today or tomorrow. Ram: My fear is even if he goes there whether he will remember this or not. Som: I forgot to ask him who he is going to discuss the matter with the Officer or his PA? Ram: I don't know either.

Who, whose, which, that, when, where sentences join join join Spoken English common. Real life situations practise

Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ ´’†ç

EXERCISE II Match the words under A with their meanings under B A B 1. Fuss A. Dodge/ Avoid 2. Renew B. Stopgap 3. Circumvent C. Injury 4. Trait D. Complain 5. Makeshift E. Characteristic F. Resume G. Rotate. KEY: 1-D. Fuss= Complain=

*†o*†o N≠æ-ߪ÷© í∫’Jç* †Ææ/ íÌúø-´-°-ôdúøç/ ÖvüË-éπ-°æ-úøôç.

He fusses over a few rupees he had to spend extra =

È®çúø’ ´‚vúø÷-§ƒ-ߪ’-™„-èπ◊\´ ê®Ωa-®·ç-ü¿E àç †Ææ °úø’-ûª’-Ø√oúÓ (àç ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√oúÓ).

"Mom, I bunked just one class in a whole month. Why fuss so much about it" =

Å´÷t ØÁ© ¢Á·ûªhç™ ؈’-¢Á-∞¡xçC äéπ\ class èπ◊ éπü∆. áçü¿’-éπçûª íÌúø´ îË≤ƒh´¤ ü∆Eo í∫’Jç*? Don't make a fuss about small things. Get on with the work =

*†o *†o N≠æ-ߪ÷© í∫’Jç* íÌúø´ îËߪ’-èπ◊çú≈ °æE-é¬F. fussy= v§ƒ´·-êuç-™‰E N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ °æöÀdç--éÌØË. She is fussy about even about the water she drinks =

´÷´‚-©’í¬ û√Íí F∞¡x N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ èπÿú≈ Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ņ´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i† °æöÀdçÊ°. fussy x easy going.

2-F. Renew = Resume =

°æ¤†”-v§ƒ-®Ωç-Gµç-îªúøç/

°æ¤†-®Ω’-ü¿l¥-Jç-îªúøç.

©éπ~ùç

(äéπJ

Ææy¶µ«-´ç-™E ©éπ~ùç)

We have to renew our driving licenses which expire this month end = expire driving licenses

ÅßË’u ´’†

4-E. Trait = Characteristic =

Ñ ØÁ™«-ê-®Ω’ûÓ °æ¤†-®Ω’-ü¿l¥-Jç--éÓ-¢√L.

The lease is for 6 years. It can be renewed further =

ÅüÁl 鬩ç ÇÍ®∞¡Ÿx. Ç ûª®√yûª ü∆Eo ´’Sx é̆-≤ƒ-Tç-îª-´îª’a. 鬩-°æ-J-N’A Å®·-§Ú-®·ç-ûª-®√yûª ´’Sx §ÒúÕ-Tç-îªôç renew. Renewed vigour= éÌûªh ¨¡éÀh, éÌûªh Öû√q£æ«ç. Renew X Terminate. 3-A. Circumvent= Dodge/ avoid.

ÅÆæ©’ Å®Ωnç: ´’† ü∆J-Íé-ü¿-®·Ø√ Åúøfç-´ÊÆh ô÷d AJT ¢Á∞¡xúøç. Road èπ◊ Åúøfçí¬ í∫’ôd©÷, éÌçúø©÷ Öçõ‰, road, ¢√öÀE circumvent îËÆæ’hçC. Åçõ‰ ü∆E ô÷d AJT ¢Á∞¡ŸhçC) áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úË Å®Ωnç: äéπ îªö«dEo, Å≤˘-éπ-®Ωuçí¬ Ö†o E•ç-üµ¿-††÷ ûÁL-Ní¬ ÅCµ-í∫-N’ç-îªúøç. He is circumvented the tax law by registering a part of his property in his brother-in-law's name =

°æ†’o îªôdç ûª†èπ◊ ´Jhç-îª-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËçü¿’èπ◊, ûª† ¶«´-´’-JC Ê°®Ω éÌçûª ÇÆœh ®√¨»úø’. For every law, there is a circumvention = v°æA îªö«dFo Ö©xç-°∂œ’ç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ üÌúÕf üÓ´ àüÓ Öçô÷ØË Öçô’çC (ÉC English proverb). Circumvent X Confront (áü¿’-®Ó\-´úøç).

a) Honesty, truth and non violence were the important traits of Gandhi=

Eñ«-ߪ’B, Ææûªuç, Å£œ«çÆæ, í¬çDµ Ææy¶µ«-´ç-™E ´·êu ©éπ~-ù«©’. b) Most traits are hereditary = î√™« ©éπ~-ù«©’ ´ç¨¡-§ƒ-®Ωç-°æ®Ωuç. 5-B. Makeshift= Stopgap = temporary =

û√û√\-L-éπçí¬ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æúË. a) The speaker made his speech from on a makeshift stage =

û√û√\-L-éπçí¬ à®Ωp-®Ω-*† ¢ËCéπ O’C-†’ç* Çߪ’† v°æÆæç-Tç-î√úø’.

b) Madamme Curie, the discoverer of radioactivity carried on her experiments in a make shift lab = Mme Curie lab

Åù’-üµ∆-Jtéπ ¨¡éÀhE éπ†’-í̆o ûª† °æJ-¨-üµ¿† Å°æp-öÀ-éπ-°æ¤púø’ à®Ωp®Ω--èπ◊†o (°æé¬\ é¬E) ™ é̆-≤ƒ-Tç-*çC. Stopgap = v°æÆæ’h-û√-EéÀ à®Ωp-®Ω--éÌØË ´ÆæA, °æé¬\ ´ÆæA ´îËa-´-®Ωèπ◊. Makeshift/ Stopgap X Permanent

É´Fo èπÿú≈ English. O’ îËߪ’çúÕ.

high frequency words in Spoken conversation practice

™ ¢√úÕ

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 13 -ï-†-´-J 2008 Q.

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

1.

éÌEo ÇKdÆ‘ •Ææ’q-©Â°j ÅE Öçô’çC. DE Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? 2. English ™ °æü∆© ÆæÈ®j†

ÉC äÍé Åéπ~®Ωç, È®çúø’ ¨¡¶«l-©èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç. Å™«Íí È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ Åéπ~-®√©’ äÍé ¨¡¶«lEo ûÁ©’-°æ¤-û√®·. Å™«Íí '≠æ— ¨¡¶«l-EéÀ tion, ssion, shun É™« ÉEo spellings ´≤ƒh®·. Puff - rough (ff = gh = °∂ˇ) Though (Ééπ\úø gh éÀ N©’-´-™‰ü¿’)– É™« °æü¿l¥A Åçô÷ ™‰E spelling, pronunciation ´©x,

picket

pronunciation phonetics (IPA)

ô’Ø√oç

ü∆y®√ ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊çéπü∆? ´’J

English is not a phonetic language

áçü¿’-éπç-ö«®Ω’? 3. Hello, Good morning one and all ÅE äéπ group of members †’ wish îËߪ’-´î√a? 4. Sister concern company Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? á°æ¤púø’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√L? 5. Glad to see you- So am I... Ééπ\úø So am I Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ?

English, unphonetic. 3.

îËߪ’-´îª’a

4. Sister concern/ company company, company sister concern (company). concern = company

ߪ÷ï-´÷†uç éÀçü¿ Ö†o äéπ ´÷†uç éÀçü¿ Ö†o ÉçéÓ

5. Glad to see you =

ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖØ√o. So am I = Å™«Íí ÖØ√o.

So am I

Åçõ‰ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äÍé ÅüË ßª÷ïéÀ

؈÷ (ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬)

6. Nerd = 1)

Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? 7. Sale, Sell Å®Ωnç, ûËú≈ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. - M.Navitha, Nalgonda

/ Old fashioned/ bore

´‚®Ω’^úø’

2) computers

1. Picket is the name of an area in Hyderbad, just as Koti, Sultan Bazar are. RTC bus Picket (Picket bus .

O’ü¿ ÅE Öçõ‰ Åéπ\-úÕéÀ ÅØË v°æüË-¨»-EéÀ) ¢Á∞Ïx ÅE Å®·ûË Picket ÅØË English ´÷ôèπ◊ Å®Ωnç, strike (Ææ¢Á’t) îËÆæ’h†o é¬Jt-èπ◊©’, á´JF factory, company ™EéÀ ¢Á∞¡x-èπ◊çú≈ Åúø’f-éÓ-´úøç. 2. IPA ™‰èπ◊çú≈, English ™E letters of alphabet (a, b, c, ... z) èπÿ ÅN ûÁLÊ° ¨¡¶«l-©èπÿ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰†ç-ü¿’-´©x, English spelling is unphonetic Åçö«ç. C E éÌEo-îÓôx, éπ, éÌEo-îÓôx 'Ææ—í¬†÷ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.

™ ÇÆæéÀh ¶«í¬ Ö†o-¢√úø’. 7. Sale = Å´’téπç; Sell= Å´’túøç.

M.SURESAN

-ü¿-ߪ’-îËÆœ -Ñ Ææç-üË£æ…-©-†’ -B®Ωaí∫-©®Ω’. 1) Ææçû√-°æ-Ææ-¶µº†’ English ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’? Condolence meeting ÅØÌî√a? 2) ≤ƒt®Ωéπ *£æ«oç Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? -ü¿-ߪ’-îËÆœ 3) Functions Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ÅA-ü∑¿’-©†’ Ç£æ…y-Eç-îª-ú≈-EéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç* English ™ ᙫ ´÷ö«x-ú≈L?
' ¢ËC-éπ-†-©ç-éπ-Jç-*† °ü¿l-©èπ◊, Æ涵ºèπ◊ NîËa-Æœ† ÅA-ü∑¿’-©èπ◊, vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊-©èπ◊, Ç£æfi-ûª’-©èπ◊ Ø√ £æ«%ü¿-ߪ’°æ‹-®Ωyéπ †´’-≤ƒ\-®√©’—— 4) ' áçûª busy í¬ ÖØ√o èπÿú≈ °œ©-´-í¬ØË NîËa-Æœ†ç-ü¿’èπ◊, ´’´’tLo ´’Eoç* Æ涵ºèπ◊ ´*a-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ áçûÓ ÆæçûÓ-≠œ-Ææ’hØ√oç. ¢√JéÀ ¶µºí∫-´ç-ûª’úÕ éπö«éπ~ç Ææü∆ Öçú≈-©E éÓ®Ω’-ûª’Ø√oç—— 5) ' ... ¢√-J-E -¢Ë-Céπ-†-©çéπ-Jç-î√-Lqç-Cí¬ éÓ®Ω’-ûª’-Ø√oç—— 6) ' ¢√®Ω’ Éçûª-ÊÆ°æ¤ ûª´’ Ææ´’-ߪ÷Eo ´÷ûÓ °æçèπ◊-†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´÷èπ◊ áçûÓ Ç†ç-ü¿çí¬ ÖçC—— 7) ≤ƒt®Ωéπ/ Ææçû√-°æ-Ææ-¶µº™x ¢Ë®Ω’í¬ ´÷ö«x-úø-û√®Ω’. ¢√J èπ◊ô’ç-¶«-EéÀ ≤ƒ†’-¶µº÷A ûÁ©’-°æ¤ûª÷ îªE-§Ú-®·† ´uéÀhéÀ ´’†ûÓ/ ´’†èπ◊ ¢√JûÓ Ö†o ņ’-•çüµ¿ç í∫’Jç* ÆætJ≤ƒhç-éπü∆! -Å°æ¤p-úø’ -á-™« -´÷-ö«x-ú≈-L? OöÀ -í∫’-Jç* à¢ÁjØ√ books üÌ®Ω’-èπ◊-û√ߪ÷? ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. 8) Letter Writing Books á´-JN BÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L? 9) O’®Ω’ having A†-ú≈-EéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç* ¢√ú≈©Ø√o®Ω’. é¬E ã lesson ™ (1) Having lost his parents in

ņ’-éÓ-´úøç ÅØ√o®Ω’. ´’J ¢√éπuç™ 'ņ’-èπ◊çö«— ÅØ√o®Ω’. N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.

2. What does the glass contain?/ What's there in that glass

= (Ç í¬xÆˇ™ à´·çC?) 3. I was at college (™ ÖØ√o†’). DEo I was in college í¬ ®√-ßÁ·î√a? - N.Suguna Santhi, Vizag

Q.

A. 1. Think

= Ç™-*ç-îªúøç/ ņ’-éÓ-´úøç – È®çúø-®√n©÷ ÖØ√o®·. 'ņ’-éÓ-´úøç— ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ think = suppose. I think so = ؈™« ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’. Think about it = ü∆Eo í∫’Jç* Ç™-*ç-îªçúÕ.

2. Both are correct. 3. I was at college - correct. college

äéπ Ççí∫x C†-°æ-vA-éπ™ ´*a† ¢√®Ωh-™E ´÷ô©†’ Ééπ\úø v°æ≤ƒh-N-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’. "All I can say is

A.

that I have full faith in the Judiciary. I am thankful to the people of the country..." I am grateful to the people of I am thankful the country No reference is made to divine beings

ÅØ√L éπü∆? ÅE áçü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úÕ-†ô’x?

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 408


I, We, They You singular Plurals?
Direct, Indirect speech eg: He asked "Have you seen her anywhere?" He asked me if (whether) I had seen her anywhere, If (whether)

ÉN,

éπü∆? Å™« èπÿú≈ Å-ØÌî√a? N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

- P.Arun Prasad, Vizag

™« ™‰ü∆

5) May I now request Sri .... to come up the dais and take his/ her seat.

í∫’Jç* *†o ņ’-

6) We are grateful to them all for sparing their valuable time to us.

´÷†ç.

Åûªúø’ ÅúÕ-í¬úø’, ' F´¤ Ç¢Á’-ØÁ-éπ\úÁjØ√ îª÷¨»¢√?——. DEE

The Member of Legislative Assembly ?


Councillor

èπ◊ ´·çü¿’ article àC ®√¢√L? Nobody/ anybody ûª®√yûª has/ have àC ´Ææ’hçC? Singular or plural? Verb àC? He, She, It ©’ III person singular ™«? ™‰ü∆ II person ™«?

7) Our heartfelt condolences to the bereaved family. The late ---- (Name of the dead person) was closely associated with this institution and helped the institution to grow. We remember with gratitude his/ her contribution to the institution. May his/ her soul rest in peace. English for various occasions books

-Å-A-ü∑¿’-©èπ◊ -Ç£æ…y-†ç .. Éçü¿’™




©’ áçü¿’-éÌ-≤ƒh®·?

äéπ Book ™ D & Ind speech í∫’Jç* îªC¢√†’. ü∆E™ 4 types °æJ-Q-Lç-î√-©-Ø√o®Ω’. 1. Statements (2) Yes/ No Questions (3) Wh & How Questions (4) to infinitives (Command & Request)

ple on the dais, the other guests, the audience and the other invitees. 4) We are extremely happy to have amidst us, Sri ...... , who inspite of their being busy have taken the time off to be here this evening. May god shower his blessings on them!

É™«çöÀ ¢√öÀéÀ ûÓ Öçö«®·. îª÷úøçúÕ. 8) Letter Writing èπ◊ English Grammar & Composition O’ü¿ à standard book Å®·Ø√ °∂æ®√y™‰ü¿’. 9) Having ¢√úøèπÿúø-ü¿E îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’ à lesson ™ èπÿú≈. Am having/ is having/ are having- Ñ expressions èπ◊ éπLT Öçúøôç (possession) ÅØË Å®Ωnç ®√ü¿’. A†úøç/ û√í∫úøç ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. éπLT Öçúøôç (äéπ-JéÀ äéπ ´Ææ’h´¤ ÖçC ÅØË Å®Ωnç) ®√ü¿’. Having lost his parents- É™«çöÀ expressions ™ having, verb form ´÷vûª¢Ë’. Ñ having èπÿ, éπLT Öçúøôç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ´îËa have èπÿ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰ØË-™‰ü¿’. Having lost his parents= ûªLxü¿ç-vúø’-©†’ éÓ™p-´úøç ´©x– É™«çöÀ Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. Å™«Íí have gone/ has seen/ had done ™«çöÀ expressions ™ have/ has/ had èπÿ éπLT Öçúøôç ÅE Å®Ωnç ´îËa have/ has/ had èπÿ Ææç•çüµ¿ç à´÷vûªç ™‰ü¿’. Having gone, has done etc ™ have, has ©’ verb forms ´÷vûª¢Ë’– §ƒ®∏Ω-èπ◊-©’ -ÉC í∫´’-Eç-î√L.





At college

≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ standard English ™ ™ ÖØ√o ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ I was in the college ØË-†’ ÅØ√o®Ω’. Å®·ûË ÉC îª÷úøçúÕ. There are 1800 students in the college = College ™ îªC-¢Ë-¢√∞¡Ÿx 1800 ÅE. I studied at that college = ؈’ college ™ îªC-¢√†’.

Ééπ\úø

í∫’Jç* Éî√a®Ω’. eg: I. He said "I am very happy."' DEéÀ He Said that he was very happy í¬ îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. II. He asked me "Are you happy?". DEE He asked me if I was happy í¬ îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. Ééπ\úø If áçü¿’èπ◊? He asked me •ü¿’©’ He told/ said his childhood, parental love is new to them. me he was happy ÅØÌî√a? (2) Having made the mistake repentance III. He asked me "why are you happy?". DEE filled him. (3) Having seen his mother after a He asked me why I was happy í¬ îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. long time was a great joy for him. (4) Having IV. He said to me "Buy a Computer". DEE He been elected unanimously, he felt very happy. told me, to buy a computer. OöÀ í∫’Jç* 4 ÆæJ-ßÁi’-†-ü¿-Ø√o®Ω’. Having phrase Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? Åçõ‰ speech © í∫’Jç* N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. Have †’ áEo-®Ω-é¬-©’í¬ ¢√úÌa? – -äéπ -§ƒ®∏Ω π◊®√-©’, éπ®Ω÷o-©’ ->-™«x.
M.L.A./ M.P. © ´·çü¿’ à article †’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷- A. 1) Ææçû√-°æ-Æ涵º = Condolence Meeting Tç-î√L. °æ‹Jh ÅvG-¢Ë-≠æ-Ø˛†’ îÁGûË The Ö°æ-ßÁ÷- 2) ≤ƒt®Ωéπ *£æ«oç = Memorial. Tç-î√™«? Åçõ‰ The Member of Parliament/ 3) My hearty welcome to the distinguished peo-




suppose = I think he is watching the T.V.

You are right. Thankful = üË´¤-úÕ °æôx éπ%ûªïcûª†’ ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’Íé ¢√úøû√ç. ´÷†-´¤© °æôx éπ%ûª-ïc-ûªèπ◊ grateful to somebody Åçö«ç, Å™«ØË ÅØ√L. üË´¤-úÕ-Èéj-ûËØË, Thankful Åçö«ç, Å™« Åçõ‰ î√©’. Thankful to God ÅE ņ-éπ\-Í®xü¿’ grateful èπÿú≈. áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ Thankful Åçõ‰ØË üË´¤-úÕÍé ÅE. I am Thankful I have such good parents = Ø√éπ-™«çöÀ ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’-©’-†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ üË´¤-úÕéÀ éπ%ûª-VcúÕE/ éπ%ûª-Vc-®√-©†’. (í∫´’Eç-îªçúÕ: Thankful ´÷vûª¢Ë’. Thankful to God é¬ü¿’.)

May I now r equest .. to ..

Q.




Q. 1. Think = Ç™-*ç-îªúøç,

E†’o éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-†oç-ü¿’èπ◊

(so) am I =

6. The nerd

A.

2


Have possess=own=

¢√úË Nüµ∆©’: 1) Have= éπLT Öçúøôç

(Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ am having/ is having/ are having ¢√úøç). 2) Have= A†úøç/ û√í∫úøç (am having/ is having/ are having Ñ Å®Ωnç-ûÓØË ¢√úøû√ç). 3) Present perfect, past perfect tenses ™ verb ™ ¶µ«í∫çí¬ ´÷vûª¢Ë’, v°æûËuéπ Å®Ωnç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ Auxiliary/ helping verb í¬ ¢√úøû√ç. 4) Having seen/ Having gone ™«çöÀ expressions ™ èπÿú≈, have ÅØËC participle ™ ¶µ«í∫¢Ë’, îª÷Æœ/ îª÷Æœç-ûª-®√yûª/ îª÷úø-ôç-´©x ÅØË Å®√n-©ûÓ. Having gone èπ◊ èπÿú≈ É™«çöÀ Å®√n™‰ ´≤ƒh®·.
MLA, MP © ´·çü¿’ an ¢√úøû√ç, a é¬ü¿’ (MLA, MP = áç.ᙸ.á., áç.°œ. éπü∆? Å Ç É Ñ á à â ä ã ¨¡¶«l-©ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-´’ßË’u English ´÷ô-©-´·çü¿’ an ¢√úøû√ç).
Nobody/ Anybody III person singular (He/ she) has general sense a MLA, MP The A/ An or The lessons A/ The Councillor.

鬕öÀd ¢√úøû√ç ¢√öÀ ûª®√yûª. °æ‹Jhí¬ ™ ¢√úÕûË, ´Ææ’hçC. Å®·ûË, °∂晫Ø√ °∂晫Ø√ Åçõ‰ ´Ææ’hçC. Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬© éÓÆæç §ƒûª îª÷úøçúÕ. Person

Singular

I

I

II

You

III

He, She, it

Plural We

(†’´¤y)

You

(O’®Ω’)

They


You

ûª®√yûª á°æ¤púø÷ plural verb ¢√úøû√ç. †’ direct †’ç* indirect èπ◊ ´÷JÊÆh, BÊÆÆœ that ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç. 2) Wh questions †’ Indirect ™éÀ ´÷JÊÆh quotations BÊÆÆœ 'Wh' word ûÓØË v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç. Ééπ\úø asked ´÷vûª¢Ë’. Tell ®√ü¿’. 3) Non Wh questions Å®·ûË, quotations BÊÆÆœ, Whether/ if ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç. Ééπ\úø asked Having done his duty, he went home for ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ´Ææ’hçC– Tell ®√ü¿’. rest = ûª† duty °æ‹Jh-îË-Ææ’-èπ◊E/ °æ‹®Ωh-´-úøçûÓ 4) Buy a Computer- ÉC imperative sentence Åûªúø’ Nv¨»çA éÓÆæç ÉçöÀéÀ ¢Á∞«}úø’. (Åúø-í∫úøç/ Çñ«c-°œç-îªúøç, etc). É™«ç-öÀ-îÓôx tell/ ask Having seen it, I understand why people àü¿-®·Ø√ ¢√úÌa. Éçé¬ N´-®√©’ 鬴-LÊÆh §ƒûª are talking like that = ؈C îª÷úø-ôç-´©x Ø√éπ-®Ωn-´’-´¤-ûÓçC Åçü¿®Ω÷ áçü¿’-éπ™« Åçô’Ø√o®Ó. lessons îª÷úøçúÕ. 1) Statement quotations

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 15 -ï-†-´-J 2008 Q.

She, Women, Lady, Girl -

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ Q.

A.

- MVS Kondala Rao, Visakhapatnam

A.

She

Åçõ‰ O’èπ◊ ûÁ©’ÆæØË Å†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. Women = Æ‘Y©’. Lady Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ Æ‘Y ÅØË. Å®·ûË ´÷´‚-©’í¬ Æ‘Y ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ, Woman ÅØË Åçö«ç. Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ Lady ÅØË ´÷ô É°æpöÀ ¢√úø’-éπ™ ™‰ü¿’.

Women, Lady

Q.

1. He developed skills while he was working in police department. (or) He developed skills when he was working in police department. While éÀ when éÀ usage î√™« confusion í¬ ÖçC. N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

Inflammable = Flammable.

È®ç-úÕç-öÀ Å®√n-©÷ -äéπ-õ‰ – -´’ç-úÕ-§Ú-ßË’ – -Å-E.

éÀçC-¢√-öÀE ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.

1. Ever =

á°æ¤p-úÁjØ√/ á°æp-öÀ-ÈéjØ√

I am always ready to help you =

Fèπ◊ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ ØËØÁ-°æ¤púø÷ Æœü¿l¥¢Ë’ b) Have you ever been to London? =

†’´¤y á°æ¤p-úÁjØ√ London ¢Á∞«x¢√? Ñ ™°æ©. Get the vegetables. Meanwhile

Q.

-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 409

1. Some words in English are - i ( sound, some are e ( sound.

â)

e.g.: a) I ( sound words are: fight, kite, might, night, wife, knife, ride. b) E sound words are: kill, mill, silk, nill, grim, kiss, miss, big - How to recognize their sound with respect to these words. If there is any rule to identify please mention.

(É)

3. I am told there are many crocodiles in the lake. (or)

c) Mention the pronunciation of these words: Fill, live, milestone, file, hive

I am told that there are many crocodiles in the lake.

While/ When he was reading something the police entered the room. While they were playing, he was studying -

(¢√∞¡Ÿx Çúø’-ûª’-†oçûªÊÆ°æ‹ Åûª-úø’ îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’-Ø√oúø’)– Ééπ\úø when ®√ü¿’. 2. In = ™; Inside = ™°æ©. ¶«í¬ ™°æ-LéÀ Öçõ‰ inside Åçö«ç. ûËú≈ îª÷úøçúÕ. a) The box was hidden in the room. b) The box was hidden somewhere inside the room. A room B room

éÀ Å®Ωnç, ™. éÀ Å®Ωnç ™°æ© áéπ\úÓ. In= ™. Inside = ¶«í¬ ™°æ©. 3. That omit îËߪ’úøç, áéπ\-úÁjØ√ ÆæÍ®, ûª°æ¤p é¬ü¿’.

Throughout his stay here he was helpful to others = M.SURESAN

°∂œ™¸,

Live =

2. Could you mention the meanings of these phrases in Telugu. i) With regard to; ii) In regard to; iii) In reference to; iv) Where of; v) Where on; vi) Where in.

- Gurram Shankar, Keshavapatnam

A.

1. a)

≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ äÍé syllable Ö†o ´÷ô™E spelling ™ 'i' ûª®√yûª consonant ´*a (a, e, i, o, u é¬E ¨¡¶«l©’) *´®Ω e Öçõ‰ Å™«çöÀ ´÷ô-™E 'e' E â í¬ pronounce îË≤ƒhç. Å™«Íí single syllable Ö†o ´÷ô™ gh, i ûª®√yûª ´ÊÆh üΔEo â í¬ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. Åçü¿’-éπE O’®Ω’ ®√Æœ† first set of words †’, fait, kait, mait ... -™« pronounce îË≤ƒhç. b) O’ È®çúÓ set of words ™, i ûª®√yûª double consonant (u) ®√´úøç, *´®Ω e ™‰†çü¿’-´©x, i E É í¬ pronounce îË≤ƒhç. Kill, mill, nill, kiss, miss - i followed by double consonants, and no e in the end. So 'i' has the sound of . Big, grim etc e 'i'

É ™ *´®Ω ™‰ü¿’. Åçü¿’-éπE °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.

E É í¬

L¢˛ = •ûªéπúøç/ @Nç-

Åûª-úÕéπ\úø Ö†oEo ®ÓV©’/ Ö†oç-ûª-ÊÆ°æ‹ Éûª®Ω’©èπ◊ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç î˨»úø’. 9. else/ or else = ™‰éπ-§ÚûË.

Q.

Live =

™„j¢˛ = •AéÀ Ö†o/ Ææ@-´-¢Á’i†/ ߪ’üΔ-®Ωn-¢Á’i† – Å°æp-öÀ-éπ-°æ¤púø’ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o. Live (™„j¢˛) telecast - ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o N≠æߪ÷Eo Å°æp-öÀ-éπ-°æ¤púø’ îª÷°œç-îªúøç (TV ™). 2. i) With regard to = Ç Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç-í¬/ Ç N≠æߪ÷Eo í∫’Jç*- with regard to = In

¶«í¬ îªü¿’´¤. 鬙‰´¤.

™‰éπ-§ÚûË

1. a) We have to advice them.

°j ¢√é¬u™x àC éπÈ®é˙d. ¢√öÀ Å®√n©’ àN’öÀ? v°æ鬮Ωç b correct éπüΔ? Å®·ûË äéπ ¢√uéπ-®Ωù °æ¤Ææh-éπç™ have to advice (N) ÅE ÖçC. ÅC Åa-ûª§ƒp? N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. Have to + V1

2. a) If he runs fast, he will catch the bus. b) If he runs fastly, he will catch the bus correct? fast adverb adverb fastly

regard to. ii)

Study well, else/ or else you can't pass = pass

b) We have to advise them.

îªúøç.

Å®·ûË In regard to éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ ¢√úø’éπ.

à ¢√éπuç †’

with regard to

ÅûªúÕ Ç®Óí∫uç N≠æߪ’ç (í∫’Jç*) ØËØËç îÁ°æp™‰†’. iii) In reference to with (about).

3. If I drop the chalk piece, it will break to pieces (or) break into pieces. Which is correct? 4. a) He is dead. b) He is died + V3 Object verb She is died

ÉN È®çúø÷ éπÈ®-ÍédØ√? b ¢√éπuç S + H.V Ææ÷vûªç v°æ鬮Ωç p.v. ™ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îª-´î√a? ™‰E èπ◊ p.v. Öçúøü¿’ éπüΔ? äéπ ÅE Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç--î√®Ω’. Ç¢Á’ îªç°æÆœE-´÷™ •-úÕçC ÅØË Å®Ωnç™ ÅC ÆæÈ®jç-üËØ√? -ûÁ-©’°æí∫-©®Ω’-.

áèπ◊\-´í¬ reference to Åçö«ç = üΔEo í∫’Jç*

With reference to your application, please attend an interview on ... = application Interview

O’ í∫’Jç*, Ç Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ èπ◊ ®ΩçúÕ. O’®Ω’ ... ûËD† iv) Where of = of which = Åçü¿’™ (¶μ«í∫çí¬) The book where of the sentences are a part = The book of which the sentence are a part =

Ñ ¢√é¬u©’ ¶μ«í∫çí¬

Ö†o °æ¤Ææhéπç. He bought some land where of (of which) he gave an acre to his sister. v) Where on/ Where upon = - He called her a liar where on/ where upon she walked out-

üΔE °∂æL-

ûªçí¬/ ü¿J-N’™«

Åûªúø’ Ç¢Á’†’ Å•-üΔl¥-©éÓ®Ω’ -Å-Ø√o-úø’. üΔE-O’ü¿ Ç¢Á’ Åéπ\-úÕoç* ¢ÁRx-§Ú-®·çC (Ç é¬®Ω-ùçí¬). vi) Where in= Åçü¿’™= in which. I showed him the letter where in he found the amount clearly written=

Ç ¢Á·ûªhç Ææp≠ædçí¬ ®√Æœ Ö†o ñ«•’†’ Åûª-úÕéÀ îª÷§ƒ†’.

°j ¢√öÀ™ Ééπ\úø éπüΔ? í¬ èπÿú≈ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îª-´î√a?

break into pieces

With regard to his health, I can't say anything =

with regard to

– Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀ™ àC éπÈ®é˙d? that áéπ\úø ¢√ú≈™, áéπ\úø ¢√úø-èπÿ-úøüÓ ûÁ©-°æçúÕ. îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç. Åûªúø’ °æE-îË-Ææ’h-†o°æ¤púø’– Ç °æE-îË-Ææ’h†o 鬩ç Åçû√. When he was working..= Åéπ\úø °æE-îË-Ææ’h-†o-°æ¤púø’ When ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’, Ç Ææ´ ’-ߪ ’ç™ á°æ¤púÓ äéπ-°æ¤púø’, Å°æ¤púø°æ¤púø’, î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x. While Åçõ‰ Ç Æ洒ߪ’ç ¢Á·ü¿©’ †’ç* *´J ´®Ωèπ◊. Å®·ûË continuity Åçûª important 鬆-°æ¤púø’ when Å®·Ø√ ¢√úÌa. while Å®·Ø√ ¢√úÌa.

c) Fill -

É)

while, when

áèπ◊\-´í¬ ã

≤Ò®Ωçí∫ç (tunnel) í∫’çú≈ §Úûª’çC. äéπ Æ洒ߪ’ç ¢Á·ûªhç.

8. through out =

We have to advise them

áéπ\úø ¢√ú≈™ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

- B.Appala Raju, Visakhapatnam A. 1. While action continuing during a period of time While he was working... =

train

Ç

O’®Ω’ èπÿ®Ω©’ ûÁçúÕ. Ñ™-°æ© ؈’ ņoç ´çúø’û√†’.

One finds difficulty in answering phone call even inside one's own home. inside

The train travels through a tunnel =

I will cook the rice =

â)

áéπ\úø

Åûª-úÕéÀ ¢Ájü¿uç î˨»úø’. ÅçûË-é¬èπ◊çú≈ Åûª-úÕéÀ éÌçûª úøGs-î√aúø’. 5. still later = Ç ûª®√yûª/ Éçé¬ ûª®√yûª.

Ææûªu-§ƒ-©† Çߪ’† ´·êu ©éπ~ùç. ´·êç, éπ†’o, I came late. He came still ´·èπ◊\-B®Ω’ = fealater = meanwhile ture. äéπ v°æüË-¨¡°æ¤ ØËØË Ç©Ææuç. Åûª-úø’ Ø√éπçõ‰ ¶μ˜íÓ-Réπ ©éπ~ùç = feaÇ©Ææuç. ture. Magazines/ Newspapers ™E QJ{éπ. 6. still further- Éçé¬. 4. moreover = ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈. Still further delay will be dangerous. The doctor not only treated him. Moreover Éçé¬ Ç©Ææuç Å®·ûË v°æ´÷-ü¿¢Ë’. he gave him some 7. through = í∫’çú≈. money =

a) I am ever ready to help you =

2.

Doctor

©éπ~ùç.

Truthfulness was the important feature of his character. =

- G. Naresh, Armoor

A.

2. One finds difficulty in answering phone call even in one's home. (or)

- in

3. feature =

1) ever 2) meanwhile 3) feature 4) more over 5) still later 6) still further 7) through 8) throughout 9) else, or else.

§ƒûª-®Ó-V™x Ö†oûª ´®√_-©/ -´ç-Q-èπ◊© Æ‘Y©†’ ladies ÅØË-¢√∞¡Ÿx. v°æñ«-≤ƒy´’uç v°æ¶μ«-´ç-´©x É°æ¤púø’ à ´-®√_-EéÀ îÁçC† Æ‘Y©-ØÁj-Ø√ women ÅØË Åçö«ç. Ææ¶μº™x v¨ûª-©†’üËlPç* v°æÆæç-TçîË ladies and gentlemen ÅØË expression ™ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ lady N’T-L-ÖçC. äéÓ\-≤ƒ-J éÓ°æç-™-í¬F, áí∫-û√-R-éÀ-í¬F, éÌç-îÁç formal í¬ í¬F Çúø-¢√-∞¡x-†’ lady Åçô’çö«®Ω’. Girl Åçõ‰ Å´÷t®· ÅE ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπüΔ. Q.

°vö-Lߪ’ç ö«uçéπ®˝ ¢Á†-鬩 Highly ÅE ®√Æœ Öçô’çC. éÌ-Eoç-öÀéÀ In -O’-ü¿ -ûÁ-©x®Ωçí∫’ °æ‹Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’. -O-öÀéÀ ÆæÈ®j-† Å®√n-©’ -ûÁ-©’°æí∫-©®Ω’. Inflammable

Ñ °æüΔ-©†’ áéπ\úø, á°æ¤púø’ ᙫ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√™ N´Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.

- M. Satyanarayana, Hyderabad.

2

- R.Chittibabu, Tanuku

A.

1. Sentence b correct. Have to advice (N) 1) Have to plain infinitive 2) Advice verb (advise)

ûª°æ¤p.

ņúøç ûª®√yûª á°æ¤púø÷ ¢√úøû√ç. é¬ü¿’ 鬕öÀd Ééπ\úø

¢√úøç. 2) Fast èπ◊ adverb fast ´÷vûª¢Ë’. fastly ÅØË ´÷ô ™‰ü¿’. 3) It will break into pieces, correct. Break it to pieces

ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.

4) Die past participle died. Die intransitive verb (verb without an object). We don't use the past participle of an intransitive verb after a 'be' form. So he is died - wrong. Dead = Adjective. 'Be' from (is) adjective He is dead - correct.

éÀ

Åçõ‰ î√´úøç – ÉC

îªE-§Ú-®·†/ îªE-§Ú®· Ö†o – ûª®√yûª ¢√úøû√ç. 鬕öÀd

Is died (be from + PP(V3) of an intransitive verb)

ÅÆæ©’ verb é¬ü¿’ í∫üΔ? She is died á´®Ω’/ áéπ\úø ¢√úÕØ√ ûªÊ°p. Ç¢Á’ îªç°æ-•-úÕçC = She is killed. (She has been killed).

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 20 -ï-†-´-J 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Q. Please

clarify the following doubts and give example of each one in telugu translations.

4) Nothing else =

2

ÉçÍéç ™‰ü¿’.

I can only pity you. I can do nothing else =

ØËEo†’o ñ«L ûª©-îª-í∫-©†’ (-ØË-†’ -F°j -ñ«-L îª÷°æí∫-©-†’). Åçûª-éπçõ‰ ØËEçÍéç îËߪ’-™‰†’. 5) Nobody else = ÉçÈé-´®Ω÷ ™‰®Ω’.

1. Anything else

Nobody else can play so well as Sachin =

2. Anybody else

Ææ*Ø˛™« ÉçÈé-´®Ω÷ Çúø-™‰®Ω’. ÉçÈé-éπ\-úø-®·Ø√.

3. Someone else

6) Somewhere else -

4. Nothing else

We can't find it here. Let's look for it somewhere else =

5. Nobody else 6. Some where else 7. If conditions lessons and 3

´‚úø’ ®Ω鬩’ ÅE ûÁ©’Ææ’. -É-C™ îªC-¢√†’. é¬F condition 2 ´®Ωéπ-öÀ á°æ¤púø’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T-≤ƒh®Ω’. àßË’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T-≤ƒh®Ω’? Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. - Anthati Penchalaiah, Rajampeta

A. 1) Anything else -

ÉçÍé-´’Ø√o Öçü∆?

Have you anything else to say? =

O’®Ω’ îÁ§ƒpLqçCçÍé-´’Ø√o Öçü∆? 2) Anybody else = ÉçÈé-´-®ΩØ√o. Anybody else in Sita's position might not have gone to the forests with her husband =

Æ‘ûª °æJ-Æœn-ûª’™x ÉçÈé-´®Ω’Ø√o ¶µº®ΩhûÓ Å®Ω-ù«u-©èπ◊ ¢Á∞Ïx-¢√®Ω’ é¬Í®¢Á÷. 3) Someone else = ÉçÈé-´-®ΩØ√o.

Main clause + 1st RDW

™ would/ should/ could/ might ´Ææ’hçC. Condition II É°æp-öÀ (present) N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo ûÁ©’-°æ¤ûª’çC).

ÅC-éπ\úø ™‰ü¿’. ÉçÈé-éπ\-úø-®·Ø√ ÖçüË¢Á÷ îª÷ü∆lç. (É°æ¤púø’) ؈’ †’´y®·ûË (ÅßË’u Å´-鬨¡ç ™‰ü¿’) Ç °æE îË≤ƒh†’. (îËÊÆ Å´-鬨¡ç ™‰ü¿’– Present ™)

7) If I were you, I would do it=

Condition III

Anything else/ Anybody else Åûª-úø’ Ç ´’çü¿’©’ BÆæ’éÓ-´-úø-´’çô÷ ïJ-TûË (ï®Ω-í∫ü¿’), Åûª-EéÀ †ßª’-´’¯-ûª’çC (É°æ¤púø’ Å´ü¿’). ÉC condition II. DØÓx, If ûª®√yûª, were é¬F, past simple Doing

(Past Word)

ØËFoèπ◊ ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ’-™‰†’. ÉçÈé-´-J-†Ø√o Åúø’í∫’.

é¬F ´Ææ’hçC;

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 410

éÀç-C-¢√-öÀéÀ -Å®√n-©-†’ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù©ûÓ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

1. In connection with 2. In the wake of 3. By dint of 4. By virtue of 5. For the sake of 6. In accordance with 7. In compliance with

A.

1) In connection with= 10) In reference to/ with reference to= 16) in/ with regard to=

(Éü¿l®Ω’ ´·í∫’_®Ω’ v°æ≤ƒh-N-Ææ’h†o) N≠æ-ߪ÷-EéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*/- ü∆E í∫’-Jç-*.

In connection with/ in reference to/ with reference to/ in regard to/ with regard to the books you have asked for, I wish to tell you that I cannot lend them to you at present =

†’´¤y ††o-úÕ-T† °æ¤Ææh-鬩 N≠æ-ߪ’ç™/- °æ¤-Ææh-é¬-©èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*/- °æ¤-Ææh-鬩 í∫’Jç*, ¢√öÀE Fèπ◊ ØËE-°æ¤p-úÕ-´y-™‰-†E îÁ°æ¤h-Ø√o†’. í∫´’-Eéπ: Ñ expressions ÅFo ví¬ç-C∑éπç.

In accordance with/ In compliance with 8. In consequence with (of) 9. In lieu of

Spoken English

™ ü∆ü∆-°æ¤ -¢√úøç.

Formal written English in regard to with regard to, in reference to with reference to

™ -OöÀ éπçõ‰

¢√-úøéπç áèπ◊\´. OöÀ™x èπÿú≈

éπçõ‰

10. In reference to (and)

áèπ◊\´ ¢√-úø-û√ç.

with reference to

2) In the wake of =

11. In the event of 12. On account of 13. Owing to 14. With a view to 15. With an eye to 16. In regard to (and) with regard to 17. In course of 18. On behalf of 19. conformity 20. by reason of 21. agreeable to 22. by means of 23. in favour of 24. not withstanding 25. in association with

ü∆E °∂æL-ûªçí¬ (äéπ Ææç°∂æ’-ô† ûª®Ω’¢√-A °æJ-ù«-´÷©’, ´·êuçí¬ îÁúø’ °æJ-ù«-´÷-©†’ í∫’Jç* îÁÊ°p-ô°æ¤p-úø’ ÉC ¢√úøû√ç. a) The cyclone brought in its wake, floods and epidemics =

ûª’-§ƒ-†’ ûª®√yûª °æJù«-´÷-©’í¬ ´®Ω-ü¿©÷, Åçô’¢√u-üµ¿’-©÷- ´-î√a®·. b) In the wake of his unthought of action, we had to hang down our heads in shame =

Åûª-úÕ ÅØ√-™-*ûª Ωu -°∂æ-L-ûªçí¬ ´’†ç Æœí∫’_ûÓ ûª©-´ç-éÓ-¢√-Lq -´-*açC. c) Cricket lovers in India protested in the wake of wrong umpiring =

ûª°æ¤púø’ umpiring ü¿J-N’-™«/ -ü∆E °æJ-ù«-´’çí¬ ¶µ«®Ωû˝ cricket ÅGµ-´÷-†’©’ E®Ω-Ææ-†- ûÁ-L-§ƒ®Ω’. 3) By dint of = äéπ °æü¿l¥-A-ü∆y®√= 22) by means of He achieved success by dint of his hard =

26. away from 27. in comparison to 28. instead of 29. due to. - MV Subrahmanyam, Chillakur, Nellore

ûª† -éπ%≠œ ü∆y®√ Åûª-úø’ Nïߪ’ç ≤ƒCµç-î√úø’. (by dint of = ûªü∆y®√) 4) By virtue of = Ç é¬-®Ω-ùçí¬. He got the job by virtue of his experience.

(Åûª-úÕ Å†’-¶µº´ç 鬮Ω-ùçí¬ Åûª-úÕ-é¬ -Ö-üÓuí∫ç ´*açC).

By virtue of being the collector, he is superior to the other officials = Collector

Å´-ôç-´©x Åûª-úø’ N’í∫-û√ -Å-Cµ-é¬-®Ω’-©-éπçõ‰

could have + participle /

é¬F ´Ææ’hçC.

If he had consulted me, I would have given him correct advice.

= Åûª-úø’ ††’o Ææçv°æ-Cç* Öçõ‰, (Ææçv°æ-Cç-‰ü¿’) ؈-ûª-úÕéÀ ÆæÈ®j† Ææ©£æ… Éaç-úË-¢√úÕ-E (É´y-™‰ü¿’) ÉC past.

He saved all the money with a view to buying a house =

É©’x -éÌØË ÖüËl-¨¡çûÓ Åûª-úø’ úø•’s §Òü¿’-°æ¤-îË-¨»úø’.= 15) With an eye to - ÉC èπÿú≈ with a view to ™«í¬ØË. 17) In the course of = éÌçûª/ -ûª-T-†ç-ûª-鬩ç í∫úÕ-î √éπ. She got married and in the course of time became a mother of two children. In the course of their journey they visited a number of places =

áèπ◊\´ 5) for the sake of =

should have + past participle/

M.SURESAN

In the event of an accident, call no 108 Q.

would have + past participle/

might have + past participle

(Åûª-úø’ ††’o îª÷Æœ Öçõ‰, Ø√ûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø’ç-úË-¢√-úË– îª÷úø™‰ü¿’, ´÷ö«xúø™‰ü¿’. ÉC Past ™ Å®·-§Ú-®·† Ææç°∂æ’-ô†.

If he took the medicines, he would be cured =

I can't help you. Ask someone else =

If he had seen me, he would have talked to me

Ééπ\úø If ûª®√yûª, had been/ had + past par´Ææ’hçC. Main clause ™

ticiple

éÌ®Ω-èπ◊/- éÓÆæç.

Gandhi sacrificed his life for the sake of HinduMuslim unity.

£œ«çü¿÷ ´·Æœxç âéπuûª éÓÆæç í¬çDµ v§ƒù«-©-Jpç-î√úø’. v°æé¬-®Ωç/ -Å-†’-í∫’-ùçí¬.

6) In accordance with =

The marriage took place in accordance with Hindu customs =

£œ«çü¿÷ Çî√®√-© v°æ鬮Ωç Ç Â°Rx ïJ-TçC. 7) In compliance with= E•ç-üµ¿-†-©èπ◊ •ü¿’l¥-©’-í¬/- E-•ç-üµ¿-†©èπ◊ ņ’-í∫’-ùç-í¬/- Ç-üË-¨»-†’-≤ƒ®Ωç. In compliance with the orders from the government, the boys were admitted into the hostel =

ûª´’ v°æߪ÷ù Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ î√-™« v°æüË-¨»©’ îª÷¨»®Ω’. ûª®Ω-°∂椆.

18) on behalf of =

I am signing on behalf of my minor children =

Ø√ ¢Á’i†®˝ °œ©x© ûª®Ω-°∂椆 ؈’ Ææçûªéπç °úø’-ûª’-Ø√o†’. E•ç-üµ¿†©èπ◊ -Å-†’-í∫’ùçí¬/ ÇüË-¨»†’-≤ƒ®Ωç.

19) In conformity with =

In conformity with your orders we are starting for Delhi =

O’ ÇüË-¨»© v°æ鬮Ωç -¢Ë’ç úµÕMxéÀ •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω’-ûª’Ø√oç. 20) By reason of = 12) on account of. 21) Agreeable to =

v°æ¶µº’ûªy ÇüË-¨»-†’-≤ƒ®Ωç Ç °œ-©x-©†’ £æ…Ææd™x îË®√a®Ω’. 8) In consequence of = ûªûªp¥L-ûªçí¬. In consequence of his foolish actions he lost all his property =

ä°æ¤p-éÓ-´ôç.

I am agreeable to this proposal =

Ñ v°æA-§ƒ-ü¿-†èπ◊ ØËØÌ-°æ¤p-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. (äéπ-JéÀ) ņ’-èπÿ©çí¬.

23) In favour of =

The umpire ruled in favour of the Australian team

Åûª-úÕ ´‚®Ω^°æ¤ Ωu© °∂æL-ûªçí¬ ÇÆœh Åçû√ §ÚíÌ-ô’dèπ◊-Ø√oúø’. In consequence with ™‰ü¿’. 9) In lieu of = Åçü¿’èπ◊ •ü¿’©’.

In the event of/ On account of

The company offered them cash in lieu of the prize he had won =

Åûª-úø’ Èí-©’-èπ◊†o úøGs-*açC.

prize

11) In the event of = If

èπ◊ •ü¿’-©’í¬ éπç°-F Åûª-úÕéÀ

èπ◊ ņ’-èπÿ©çí¬ ûª† E®Ωgߪ’ç

24) notwithstanding = In spite of =

(Ç °æJ-Æœn-A™).

In the event of an accident, call no 108.

(v°æ´÷ü¿ç ïJ-T-ûË/ -ï-J-Íí- °æ-J-Æœn-A™, no 108 èπ◊ phone -îË-ߪ’çúÕ) 12) On account of = Åçü¿’-´©x = because of = 13) owing to: On account of the rain/ because of the rain/ owing to the rain the match was cancelled =

´®Ω{ç 鬮Ω-ùçí¬

= Australian team umpire.

Éî√aúø’

match

®Ωü¿l-®·çC. 14) With a view to = Ç Ö-üËl-¨¡çûÓ.

25) In association with =

Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéà Ææçߪ·éπhçí¬.

The State Government in association with the company is starting a hospital =

®√≠æZ v°æ¶µº’ûªyç ÉçéÓ company ûÓ éπLÆœ ÇÆæ’°ævA v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ-≤ÚhçC. 26) Away from = Ç´-©-/- ü¿÷-®Ωçí¬ 27) In comparison to = §ÚLa îª÷ÊÆh A is much better in comparison to B. 28) Instead of =

•ü¿’©’

29) Due to = Owing to.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 22 -ï-†-´-J 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Midhun: What's biting you? Why do you look so worried?

Midhun: You'd better request the principal for a few more days' time.

(-E-ØËoç ¶«-üµ¿Â°-úø’-ûÓç-C? -áç-ü¿’éπç-ûª-™« ¶«üµ¿°æ-úø’-ûª’-†oô’x éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤?)

(´’J-éÌEo ®ÓV© Æ洒ߪ’ç É´y-´’E principal †’ request îÁ®·u/ îÁߪ’uúøç ´’ç*C)

Aslesh: I have to pay the fees tomorrow. I haven't the money to pay. I don't know what to do.

(Í®°æ¤ ؈’ fees éπö«dL. Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω úø•’s ™‰ü¿’. àç îËߪ÷™ ûÁL-ߪ’úøç ™‰ü¿’)

2

Aslesh: I don't think he will allow me any more time. I'll try, any way. But you haven't told me where to meet this uncle of yours? Is his bank in this place?

(Çߪ’† Ø√éÀçé¬ time É≤ƒh-úøE ņ’-éÓ-´úøç ™‰ü¿’. Å®·Ø√ v°æߪ’-Ao-≤ƒh†’. é¬F †’´¤y O’ ´÷´’ߪ’uØÁéπ\úø éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√™ îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’. Çߪ’† bank Ñ Ü∞x-ØËØ√?) ¢Á∞«xL?/ áéπ\úø, á°æ¤púø’, ᙫ îËߪ÷L? ™«çöÀ ¶µ«¢√Midhun: Yes. It is. I am just wondering when to ©†’ ûÁLÊ° expressions ņo-´÷ô. OöÀE Ææ´’-ߪ÷-†’see him. He is not easy to meet. Wait. èπÿ-©çí¬ ¢√úø-ôç-´©x ´’† conversation î√™« sim(Ñ éπ≠dçæ ü∆õ‰-üÁ-™«íÓ ††’o îÁ°æpF. é¬Ææh Let's go home. I'll ask my dad to call ple í¬ natural í¬ Öçô’çC. Practise îËߪ’çúÕ. Fèπ◊ îÌ®Ω-´çô÷ Öçõ‰ àü¿-®·Ø√ bank him and see if he is in. I'll have my dad †’ç* Nü∆u-®Ω’ùç §Òçü¿-´îª’a.) ´’†ç ´÷´‚-©’í¬ áü¿’®Ì\ØË °æJ-ÆœnA– É°æ¤púËç talk to him about it. Let's go. enterprizing = îÌ®Ω-´-í∫© îËߪ÷™ ûÁL-ߪ’úøç ™‰ü¿’. ÅE éπü∆? DEéπçö«ç.. (Å´¤†’. Ééπ\úË. Çߪ’†’o éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç 1) What to do. (= àç îËߪ÷™) Aslesh: I don't know which bank to go to. I Åçûª Ææ’©¶µºç é¬ü¿’. Öçúø’. ´÷ ÉçöÀ-Èé-∞«lçdon't know anybody connected with a) Åûª†’ àç îËߪ÷™ E®Ωg-®·ç--éÓ-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’-Ø√oúø’ °æü¿. ´÷ Ø√†o†’ Çߪ’-†èπ◊ phone îËÆœ any bank. = He is unable to decide what to do bank ™ ÖØ√oúÓ (à bank èπ◊ ¢Á∞«}™ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’ Ø√èπ◊. Bank b) ûª®√yûËç îËߪ÷™ Ç¢Á’ ™‰üÓ éπ†’-éÓ\-´’ç©ûÓ Ææç•çüµ¿çÖçúË à ´uéÃh Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’üË.) ´’®Ω-*-§Ú-®·çC. ö«†’. ´÷ Midhun: I know who we can go to for help. My She has forgotten Ø√†o†’ Çߪ’-†ûÓ distant uncle is a bank manager. He is what to do next. Ç çí∫ x ¶ µ « ≠ æ ù 411 ´÷ö«x ú Õ ° œ ≤ ƒh . ) close to our family. (≤ƒßª’ç-éÓÆæç á´J ü¿í∫_-J-Èé-∞«x™ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. ´÷ ü¿÷®Ω°æ¤ ´÷´’ߪ’u bank manager. ´÷ èπ◊ô’ç-•çûÓ Çߪ’† ÆæEo£œ«-ûªçí¬ Öçö«úø’.) Aslesh: So? (Å®·ûË?) Aslesh: Thank you. That's kind of you. Midhun: I will take you to him and ask him if he (Very important- í∫´ ’-Eç-îªçúÕ: àç


can help you îËߪ÷™ ûÁL-ߪ’-úøç-™‰ü¿’ ™«çöÀ senSpoken English ™ daily real life tences ™, 'àç îËߪ÷™— ÅØËC ¶µ«í∫-¢Á’i-†(؈’ E†’o Çߪ’† ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡-û√†’. situations ™ ¢√úË expressions ™ °æ¤púË What to do Åçö«ç. Å™«-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ Çߪ’-ØË-´’Ø√o Fèπ◊ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç îËߪ’-í∫-©-úË¢Á÷ ¶µ«í∫çí¬ ÉC-´-®Ω-éπöÀ lesson ™ Whether/ 'àçîË-ߪ÷-L-°æ¤púø’?— ÅØËüË äéπ sentence Åúø’-í∫’-û√†’) if © Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç îª÷¨»ç éπü∆? É°æ¤púø’ Å®·, Ç Å®Ωnç ´îËaç-ü¿’èπ◊, "What to do Aslesh: Come on, Midhun, I have to pay the ü¿í∫_®Ω ü¿í∫_®Ω Å™«ç-öÀüË ´’†èπ◊ Eûªu-@-N-ûªç™ now?" ņúøç ÆæÈ®j† English é¬ü¿’. éÀçü¿ fees tomorrow. How can I wait till you áü¿’-®ΩßË’u ÆæçC-í¬l¥-©†’ ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úË M.SURESAN compare (A) and (B). take me to your uncle and do all these expressions îª÷ü∆lç. things. Look at the following expressions from the (A) I want to know what to do now? (ØËØËç îËߪ÷™ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o– Ééπ\úø What to do, äéπ sen(àçôç-ô’-Ø√o´¤ †’´¤y? ؈’ fees éπö«d-LqçC conversation above: tence ™ ¶µ«í∫ç ´÷vûª¢Ë’. 鬕öÀd Ééπ\úø ÉC correct. Í®°æ¤. O’ ´÷´’ߪ’u ü¿í∫_-JéÀ †’´¤y ††’o BÆæ’- 1) I don't know what to do. ÈéR} Å´Fo îËÊÆ-ü∆é¬ ØËØÁ™« Çí∫-í∫-©†’?) 2) Let me tell you how to get over this difficulty. (B) I have no money. What to do now? (Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω úø•’s-™‰ü¿’. àç îËߪ÷-L-°æ¤púø’?– Ééπ\úø Midhun: Can't you borrow money from some- 3) I don't know which bank to go to. What to do now ÅØËC sentence ™ ¶µ«í∫ç-é¬ü¿’. 4) I know who we can go to. one till you get the bank loan? ¢ËÍ® sentence ™«í¬ ¢√úø’-ûª’Ø√oç – ÉC ûª°æ¤p.) ÉC (Bank loan ´îËa-´-®Ωèπÿ á´-J-ü¿-í∫_-È®jØ√ Å°æ¤p 5) I don't know who to approach for a bank loan. 6) I'm just wondering when to see him. î√™« ´·êuçí¬ í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√-Lq† N≠æߪ’ç. É™«çöÀ ûÁa-éÓ-™‰¢√?) Ææ ç ü¿ ® √s¥ ™x, Åçõ‰, àçîË-ߪ÷-L-°æ¤púø’? = What is to °j sentences ÅEoç-öÀ™  éπE-°œçîË pattern: 'Wh' Aslesh: That's exactly the problem. I don't be done now? ( What to do? é¬ü¿’, é¬ü¿’.) word + Infinitive (to + Ist Regular doing word. know who to approach for a hand loan What ('wh' word) + to do (Infinitive) í∫´’-Eç-î √®Ω’ Kumar: We've waited for an hour. Jeevan hasn't of a few thousand rupees. éπ ∆. °j expressions (those underlined) ÅFo come. (í∫çô-ÊÆ°æ¤ îª÷¨»ç. @´Ø˛ Éçé¬ ®√™‰ü¿’.) (ÅüË Ø√ Ææ´’Ææu. éÌEo ¢Ë© ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’© Å°æ¤p- èπÿüú≈ words ûÓ begin ÅßË’u¢Ë ÅE. Åçõ‰ àç Kesav: What's (what is) to be done now? (É°æ¤p-úËçéÓÆæç á´J ü¿í∫_-®Ω-Èé-∞«x-©-ØËC Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’úøç îËߪ÷™,'Wh'á´Jo éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√™, áéπ\-úÕéÀ, á°æ¤púø’, ᙫ îËü∆lç?/ îËߪ÷L?) (É™«ç-öÀ-îÓôx What to do? ûª°æ¤p) ™‰ü¿’) Midhun: Let me tell you how to get over the difficulty. If only you are a little enterprizing you can approach a bank for an educational loan.

2. Let me tell you how to get over the difficulty =

Ñ éπ≠dçæ ᙫ ÅCµí∫N’çî√™ ††’o îÁ°æpF. a) He has told her how to do it =

ÅüÁ™« îËߪ÷™ ÅûªØ√¢Á’èπ◊ îÁ§ƒpúø’. b Please show us how to separate these two =

)

Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀF ᙫ ¢Ë®Ω’-îË-ߪ÷™ îÁ°æp-í∫-©®Ω’. 3. I don't know which bank to go to = bank

à

èπ◊ ¢Á∞«x™ ûÁL-ߪ’úøç ™‰ü¿’.

A) She can't decide which dress to wear for the party = Party éÀ à dress ¢ËÆæ’éÓ¢√™ Ç¢Á’ ûË©’aéÓ-™‰-éπ§Ú-ûÓçC.

I don't know what to do

EXERCISE Match the words under A with their meanings under B. A

B

1 Forgive

A Sharp

2 Longing

B Repeat

3 Hitch

C Reduce

4 Recur

D Excuse

5 Steep

E Extending F Obstacle

(forgive - present; forgave - past; forgivenpast participle) Forgive X Retaliate

(Jö«-L-ßÁ’-ß˝’ö¸) = üÁ•s-èπ◊üÁ•s/ v°æB-鬮Ωç B®Ω’a-éÓ-´úøç. (Hit back). 2 - G. Yearning = •©-¢Á’i† éÓJéπ/ ûª°œç-*-§Ú-´úøç/ ¶„çí∫-°-ô’d-éÓ-´úøç

b) I foresee a few hitches on our walking tour= (foresee=

a) The boy is unable to study well because of his longing for home/ longing for his mother, etc =

c) There was a hitch towards the end of the programme because of the drizzle =

ÉçöÀ-O’ü¿/ ûªLx-O’ü¿ ¶„çí∫-´©x ÆæJí¬ îªü¿-´-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’-Ø√oúø’.

b) I have a longing to hear his voice again=

G Yearning

ÅûªúÕ íÌçûª’ NØ√-©ØË é¬çéπ~™ ÖØ√o†’ ؈’.

KEY: 1 - D. Excuse = Pardon =

éπ~N’ç-îªúøç.

Oh God, please forgive us our sins =

üË´¤ú≈ ´÷ §ƒ§ƒ-©†’ éπ~N’ç. To err is human but to forgive is divine =

§Ò®Ω-§ƒô’x ´÷†´ Ææ£æ«ïç, éπ~N’ç-îªúøç üÁj´-í∫’ùç. (Divine = üË´¤-úÕéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*†) I can never forgive him for what he has done to me =

Ø√éπ-ûªúø’ îËÆœç-ü∆-EéÀ ؈-ûª-úÕE á†o-öÀéà éπ~N’ç-îª-™‰†’.

´®Ω{ç ´*a-†-°æp-öÀéà 鬮Ωu-véπ´’ç àç Åçûª-®√ߪ’ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ïJ-T-§Ú-®·çC.

c) We can understand his longing to hear her songs =

Ç¢Á’ §ƒô-©†’ NØ√-©ØË ÅûªúÕ éÓJ-éπ†’ ´’†ç Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-í∫©ç. Long = éÓ®Ω’-éÓ-´úøç/ ¶„çí∫-°æ-úøôç. Longing x Indifference (ÅØ√-ÆæéÀh) 3 - F. Obstacle = ÅúøfçéÀ/ Ææ´’Ææu/ Åçûª-®√ߪ’ç/ É•sçC. àüÁjØ√ °æE™ éÌClí¬ Ç©-≤ƒuEo éπ©’-í∫-ñ‰ÊÆ ÅúøfçéÀ.

a) In spite of the rain the programme went off without any hitch=

´’† §ƒü¿ßª÷vûª™ éÌEo *†o É•sçü¿’©’ áü¿’-®Ω-´¤-û√-ߪ’E ؈-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o ´·çüË Ü£œ«ç-îªúøç)

鬮Ωuvéπ´’ç *´®Ω† ûª’°æp®Ω ´©x é¬Ææh É•sçC éπL-TçC. 4 - B. Recur = repeat = ´’Sx ´’Sx Ææ綵º-Nç-îªúøç, °æ¤†-®√-´%-ûª-´’-´úøç a) The Maoist violence recurs frequently in the backward regions of the state =

®√≠æZ ¢Á†’-éπ-•-úÕ† v§ƒçû√™x ´÷NÆˇd £œ«ç≤ƒ-é¬çúø ´’Sx ´’Sx ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª÷ØË Öçô’çC.

b) Some illnesses recur and surgery is the only permanent cure for them =

éÌEo ¢√uüµ¿’©’ ´’Sx ´’Sx ´Ææ’hç-ö«®·. Å™«ç-öÀ-¢√-öÀéÀ ¨¡ÆæY *éÀûËq ¨»¨¡yûª E¢√-®Ωù.

c) The earthquake recurred three times and damaged the area permanently=

B) He didn't tell me which book to refer to =

à °æ¤Ææh-é¬Eo îª÷ú≈™ Åûª†’ Ø√èπ◊ îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’. 4) I know who we can go to =

´’†ç á´-J-ü¿-í∫_JéÀ ¢Á∞«}™ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. a) á´-JE Ææçv°æ-Cç-î √™ Ø√éπ®Ωnç 鬴úøç ™‰ü¿’= I don't see who to consult (see= understand) b)

Åçü¿®Ω’ Ŷµºu-®Ω’n©÷ °æE-éÀ-´÷-L-†-¢√∞Ïx. á´-JE ᆒo-éÓ-¢√-©-ØËC °ü¿l v°æ¨¡o = All candidates are equally bad. The big question is who to elect

5) I don't know who to approach for help

ÉC-èπÿú≈

sentence (4)

™«í¬ØË.

6) I am just wondering when to see him =

Åûª-ØÁo-°æ¤púø’ éπ©-¢√™« ÅE Ç™-*-Ææ’hØ√o. a) á°æ¤púø’ •ßª’-™‰l-®√™ FÍé-´’Ø√o îÁ§ƒpú≈?

=

Did he tell you when to start? b)

°æØÁ-°æ¤púø’ °æ‹Jh-îË-ߪ÷™ FÍé-´’Ø√o idea Öçü∆?= (Do you have/ Have you) any idea when to complete the work?

7) a)

Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç éÓÆæç áéπ\úø ¢Áü¿-鬙 é¬Ææh îÁ°æ¤p = Please tell me where to look for the book?

b)

Ñ ®√vAéÀ áéπ\úø Evü¿-§Ú-¢√™ îª÷°œç = Show me where to sleep for tonight.

¶µº÷éπç°æç ´‚úø’-≤ƒ®Ω’x ®√´-úøçûÓ Ç v§ƒçûªç Åçû√ ¨»¨¡y-ûªçí¬ üÁ•s-AçC. 5 - A. Sharp = (éÌçúø©’/ °æ®Ωy-û√©’/ ¢Á’ô’x ™«çöÀN) Eö«-®Ω’í¬ Ö†o/ Eúø’-°j†/ ¢√©’ ûªèπ◊\´í¬ ÖçúÕ áÍé\ç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æ´÷-ü¿-éπ-®Ωçí¬ Ö†o. 1) The car rolled down the steep mountainside = 2) The old man found it difficult to climb up the steep flight of stairs =

Eö«-®Ω’í¬ Ö†o °æ®Ωyûªç ¢√©’-O’ç* éÀçü¿èπ◊ üÌJx-§Ú-®·çü∆ 鬮Ω’.

Eö«-®Ω’í¬ Ö†o Ç ¢Á’õ„x-éπ\úøç Ç ´·Ææ-™«-ߪ’-†èπ◊ éπ≠d-æ ´’-E-°œç-*çC. Flight of stairs = ¢Á’ôx èπÿ®Ω’p. üµ¿®Ω-™«xç-öÀN äéπ\-≤ƒJí¬ N°æ-K-ûªçí¬ Â°®Ω-í∫ôç = Steep rise in prices. The prices of vegetables have risen steeply/ sharply over the past week =

í∫ûªç ¢√®Ωç ®ÓV™x èπÿ®Ω-í¬-ߪ’© üµ¿®Ω©’ N°æ-K-ûªçí¬ Â°J-í¬®·. (sharp Åçõ‰ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úË Å®Ωnç = °æü¿’-ØÁj†. é¬F Ééπ\úÕ Å®Ωnç, äéπ\-≤ƒ-Jí¬, Eúø’-°æ¤í¬ ÅE) steep x gradual/ moderate.

Gradual = véπ´’, véπ´’çí¬. Moderate = äéπ ¢Á÷Ææh®Ω’– (Moderate price = áèπ◊\¢√, ûªèπ◊\¢√ é¬èπ◊çú≈ äéπ ¢Á÷Ææh®Ω’ üµ¿®Ω/ Ææ®Ω-Ææ-¢Á’i† üµ¿®Ω).

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 24 -ï-†-´-J 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Abhijith: Hi Adbhuth, weren't you supposed to be in Vijayawada today? How come I see you here?

(†’´¤y Ñ®ÓV Nï-ߪ’-¢√-úø™ Öçú≈-©E ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç. Ééπ\úø éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o-¢ËçöÀ?) Adbhuth: You're right. I was told to be in Vijayawada today. But because of a last minute change in the programme I had to cancel my trip.

(Eï¢Ë’. †Eo-¢√∞¡ Nï-ߪ’-¢√-úø™ Öçúø-´’Ø√o®Ω’. é¬E *´J EN’≠æç ´÷®Ω’p-´©x Ø√ v°æߪ÷ùç ´÷†’-éÓ-¢√Lq ´*açC) Abhijith: Who's responsible for the change?

Abhijith: I think he is soon going to be replaced; the present director, I mean.

(ûªy®Ω-™ØË Çߪ’†’o ´÷®Ω’-Ææ’h-Ø√o-®Ω-†’-èπ◊çö«, ÅüË, É°æ¤p-úø’†o director †’.) Adbhuth: What good that's going to be?

(Åçü¿’-´©x v°æßÁ÷-ï-†-¢Ë’çöÀ?) Abhijith: The company will be placed on the path to growth.

(Company ÅGµ-´%Cl¥ ´÷®Ω_ç™ Öçô’çC) Adbhuth: How are you so sure of it?

(Åçûª éπ*aûªçí¬ á™« îÁ°æp-í∫-©´¤?) Abhijith: The new director may prove more efficient than the present one. At least that is what is hoped.

This house was built ten years ago=

Ñ É©’x °æüË∞¡x éÀçü¿ô éπôd-•-úÕçC– (á´®Ω’ ´÷®Ω’p-†èπ◊ 鬮Ωùç?) Spoken Telugu ™ É™« ņç éπü∆? Ñ É©’x (ÉçöÀ E) °æüË∞¡x éÀçü¿ô éπö«d®Ω’ Åçö«ç. Adbhuth: Our director is. He is believed to have (éÌûªh director É°æ¤p-úø’†o director éπçõ‰ told the manager to change the proÆæ´’-®Ω’n-úø’í¬ ÖçúÌa. Å™« ÅE éπFÆæç Ééπ\úø Spoken English ™ passive voice gramme. Å´-Ææ®Ωç. áçü¿’-éπçõ‰, á´®Ω’ éπö«d-®ΩE é¬èπ◊çú≈, éπöÀdçC ÇP-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’) (verb) á°æ¤púø’ ÅØË N≠æ(´’† director. Programme ´÷®Ωa-´’E Adbhuth: OK. Let's hope ߪ÷-EéÀ v§ƒüµ∆†uç. ÅçûË Åûªúø’ manager èπ◊ îÁ°œp-†ô’x †´·t-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’) so too. -é¬-èπ◊çú≈ subject (°æE Abhijith: What on earth for? (áçü¿’èπ◊?) (´’†´‚ Å™«Íí îË-Æœç-üÁ-´®Ω’) ûÁL-ߪ’-†-°æ¤púø’ éÌçîÁç NÆæ’í¬_ ÅØË-ô-°æ¤púø’, on earth Åçô’çö«ç ÇPü∆lç) Ç çí∫ x ¶ µ « ≠ æ ù 412 passive ¢√ú≈-LqçüË.


Adbhuth: Who knows? We are expected to follow orders. That's what I do. So long as I am paid properly why should I bother?

2

2) I was told to be in Vijayawada today. Verb - was told (PV) 3) He is believed to have told the manager. Verb - is believed (PV) 4) We are expected to follow orders. Verb - are expected (PV) 5) So long as I am paid properly. Verb - am paid (PV) 6) That's well said. Verb - is said (PV) 7) Programmes are often changed.

W hat on ear th for?

(á´-JéÀ ûÁ©’Ææ’? ´’†ç ¢√∞¡x Çïc©’ §ƒöÀç-î√-©E ¢√∞¡x-†’èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’. ؈’ îËÊÆD ÅüË. Ø√èπ◊ Ø√ The Road has been repaired= É°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç Advanced level of @ûªç ÆæJí¬_ ÅçüË-´-®Ωèπ◊ Ø√ÍéçöÀ?ØËØÁç-ü¿’èπ◊ Spoken English ™éÀ Åúø’-í∫’-°-úø’-ûª’Ø√oç. Road repair Å®·çC (îËߪ’-•-úÕçC ¶«üµ¿-°æ-ú≈L?) ņ-èπ◊çú≈). Ñ ü¿¨¡™ ´’†ç ´·êuçí¬ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√Abhijith: That's well said. Our director is con- LqçC Ææçü¿-®√s¥-†’-≤ƒ-®Ωçí¬ passive voice Road repair îËÆ œç-üÁ-´®Ó ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’/ sidered very efficient. But aren't such ¢√úøôç. îÁ ° æp™‰ç 鬕öÀd passive- has been sudden changes a waste of money? English ™ ´·êuçí¬ Spoken repaired - Ééπ\úø Å´-Ææ®Ωç. É™«ç-öÀ-îÓôx Difficult to believe efficiency and English ™ O©-®·-†ç-ûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ passive ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Spoken English ™ passive M.SURESAN wastage can go together. Å´Ææ-®Ω-´’-´¤-ûª’çC. voice ¢√úø-èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç ´’ç*-ü¿E (¶«í¬ îÁ§ƒp´¤. ´’† director †’ î√™« Éçûª è π ◊ ´ ·çü¿ ’ î√™«≤ ƒ®Ω ’ x îÁ § ƒpç. ´·êuçí¬ v°æ A The lunch was cooked by my sister. Ææ´’-®Ω’n-úÕí¬ °æJ-í∫-ùÀ-≤ƒh®Ω’. é¬E É™«çöÀ Çéπ-Æœtéπ active voice ™E verb †÷, passive ™éÀ ´÷®Ω a ú ø ç í∫ ´ ’E çî ª ç úÕ – by my sister- ÉC î√™« ÅÆæ-£æ«ïç. ´÷®Ω’p-´©x úø•’s ´%ü∑∆ éπü∆? ≤ƒ´’®Ωn uç, úø•’s ´©x (grammar éÓÆæç), ¶µ«¢√Eo passive ™ ûÁL-ߪ’- Éçûª-éπçõ‰, My sister cooked the lunch (active) ´%ü∑∆ éπLÆœ Öçö«-ߪ’E †´’tôç éπ≠dçæ .) ñ‰-ߪ’úøç î√™« Néπ%-ûªçí¬, éπ%ûªéπç (artificial) í¬ ÖçúÕ, Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬, Ææ®Ω-∞¡çí¬ ÖçC éπü∆? efficient = É°∂œ-≠ˇ-Ø˛ö¸– Spoken English ™ Ææ£æ«-ïûªyç ™°œ-Ææ’hçC. -Å-™«í∫-E '°∂œ— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç = Ææ´’-®Ω’n-™„j†; passive voice ¢√ú≈-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç ÅÆæ©’ ™‰ü¿E é¬ü¿’. í∫’®Ω’hç--èπ◊çü∆ç: Active voice ™ subjects efficiency= É°∂œ-≠ˇ-Ø˛Æ œ– '°∂œ— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç = ≤ƒ´’®Ωn uç Verb ûÁLÊ° °æEéÀ v§ƒüµ∆†uç É¢√yLq ´*a, Ç °æEE îËÊÆ I, we, you, he, she, they, someone, nobody, a Adbhuth: True. Programmes are often changed subject ´’†èπ◊ clear í¬ îÁ°æp-™‰-éπ-§Ú-®·-†-°æ¤úË, passive man, the boy, etc people, etc Å®·-†-°æ¤púø’ ¢√öÀE passive ™ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ¢√úø-éπ-§Ú-´-úø¢Ë’ ´’ç*C, Åçü¿ç only because of improper planning. Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç Å´-Ææ®Ωç, Ææ£æ«ïç. (By me, by us, ™«çöÀ expressions ®√èπ◊çú≈). Improper planning is the result of inefeg: This house was built ten years ago. ficiency.

Verb - was built (was- be form + built - past

(Eï¢Ë’. Programmes ûª®Ωîª÷ ´÷®Ωaúøç, participle- voice - passive) ÆæÈ®j† v°æù«-Ré𠙉éπ-§Ú-´úøç ´©xØË. ÆæÈ®j† í∫’®Ω’hçC éπü∆? Verb, be form + past participle v°æù«-Ré𠙉éπ-§Ú-´úøç, ÅÆæ-´’-®Ωnûª °∂æL-ûª¢Ë’.) (PP) í¬ Öçõ‰ ÅC passive. ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ''•úø’—— ÅE inefficiency= ÉE-°∂œ-≠ˇ-Ø˛Æ œ– Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. '°∂œ— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç= ÅÆæ-´’-®Ωnûª EXERCISE Match the words under A with their meanings under B. A B 1. Awkward A. Terrify 2. Twist B. Vary 3. Landscape C. Clumsy 4. Scare D. Delicate 5. Fluctuate E. Bend F. Scenery G. Straighten KEY: 1-C. Awkward= Clumsy =

àüÁjØ√ °æE -îË-ߪ’-úøç™ éπçí¬®Ω’°æúøôç, í∫çü¿-®Ω-íÓ∞¡ç.

a) As he walked up the stage, he appeared very awkward =

¢ËCéπ O’CéÀ †úÕ* ¢Á∞Ïx-ô-°æ¤púø’ î√™« ûªúø-•-úø’ûª÷, éπçí¬-®Ω’í¬ éπE-°œç-î√úø’.

b) 'Have you any money?' 'I'm sorry, I don't have any' he said. awkwardly = 'F ü¿í∫_®Ω úø¶‰s-¢Á’iØ√ Öçü∆?— '™‰ü¿’,— ÅØ√o-úø-ûªúø’ É•sç-Cí¬ ¢Á·£æ«ç-°öÀd c) She tried to dance but she was quite awkward = dance

Ç¢Á’ îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æߪ’-Aoç-*çC, é¬F î√™« éπçí¬-®Ω’í¬ ûªúø-•-úÕçC.

Awkward -

Çéπyú˛ (éπyú˛– bird ™«í∫)– Ç ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. Awkward situation- É•sç-C-éπ®Ω °æJ-ÆœnA. O’Jç-öÀéÀ °œL-*† friend, O’ ÉçöÀéÀ ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’, O’ ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’-©-ûª-úÕE Å´-´÷-EÊÆh O’ position î√™« awkward í¬ Öçô’çC. Awkward Åçõ‰ Å≤˘éπ-®Ωu-¢Á’i† ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC.

Now look at the passive expressions used in the conversation above. 1) Weren't you (= Were you not) supposed to be in Vijayawada today?

Ø√ûÓ îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’ ¢√∞¡x Ø√†o îÁ°œpç-ü∆Eo ´÷Ja/ ´véÃ-éπ-Jç* îÁ§ƒpúø’. (¢√∞¡x Ø√†o îÁ°œpç-üÌ-éπöÀ, Åûª†’ Ø√ûÓ îÁ°œpç-Cç-éÌ-éπöÀ) Twist X straighten (= ´çT Ö†o-ü∆Eo ≤ƒ°∂‘í¬ îËߪ’úøç) 3-F. Landscape = Scenery= v°æéπ%-A-ü¿%¨¡uç. The landscape of Kashmir is beautiful=

Awkward ful/ adroit =

é¬Qt®˝ v°æéπ%-A-ü¿%¨¡uç Ææ’çü¿-®Ωçí¬ Öçô’çC.

He twisted my arm behind my back =

Ø√ îËAE ¢Á†-éπèπ◊ ¢Á’L-A-§ƒpúø’.

The landscape of Araku valley is enchanting=

Å®Ωèπ◊ ™ߪ’ ü¿%¨¡uç ´’çvûª-´·-í∫’l¥Lo îËÆæ’hçC. enchanting = Çéπ-ô’d-èπ◊ØË, ´’çvûª-´·-í∫’l¥©’ îËÊÆ. 4-A. Scare = Terrify= ¶µºßª’ç éπL-Tç-îªúøç The sudden appearance of the dog scared the child =

The road twists and turns too often =

ņ’-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ Ç èπ◊éπ\ éπE-°œç-îªúøç, Ç Gúøf†’ ¶µºßª’-°-õ‰d-ÆœçC.

As she fell she twisted her neck =

The thought of death punishment scared the murderer =

Ç road ´’K ´çéπ®Ω A®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC/ ´çéπ-®Ω-öÀç-éπ-®Ωí¬ Öçô’çC. Ç¢Á’ °æúÕ-§Ú-´ôçûÓ ¢Á’úø AJ-T-§Ú-®·çC. Twist Åçõ‰ äéπ®Ω’ îÁ°œpç-ü∆Eo ´véÃ-éπ-Jç* îÁ°æpúøç. When he reported the matter to me he twisted what his father had said =

Verb - is going to be replaced (PV) 9) That's what is hoped. Verb - is hoped (PV)

1) You are supposed -

´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’™– (E†’o/ F í∫’Jç*) ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’ a) You are supposed to be the leader =

†’´¤y Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊-úÕ-´E ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’ (ņ’-éÓ•-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤) b) You are supposed to be in Delhi today =

†’Oy-®ÓV úµÕMx™ ÖØ√o-´E ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’. Ø√ûÓ îÁ§ƒp®Ω’ – á´®Ω’ îÁ§ƒp®Ó ûÁ©’-°æúøç O©’-é¬-éπ-§ÚûË É™« Åçö«®Ω’.

2) I was told =

a) We were told you were going to buy a flat=

†’¢ËyüÓ

flat

é̆-¶-ûª’-Ø√o-´E ´÷ûÓ á´®Ó ÅØ√o®Ω’.

b) This was reported to the Principal =

ÅC Principal èπ◊ á´®Ó îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. (ÅûªúÕ í∫’Jç*) †´·t-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’.

3) He is believed =

Tendulkar is believed to be the best batsman in the world =

õ„çúø’-©\®˝ Åûªuçûª íÌ°æp batsman ÅE Åçü¿®Ω÷ †´·t-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’. 4) We are expected = ´’†Lo ÇPÆæ’h-Ø√o®Ω’. 5) I am paid = ؈’ îÁLxç-îª-•-úø-û√†’– ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’™– Ø√èπ◊ îÁLx-≤ƒh®Ω’. É™«Íí N’í∫-û√N èπÿú≈. More in the next lesson.

verb = were supposed (PV)

He sat in an awkward position.

(éπçí¬®Ω’, ûªúø-¶«ô’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ) $ skillî√éπ-îª-éπuçûÓ, Awkward (É•sçCéπ®Ω¢Á’i† ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ) $ graceful (£æ›çü∆í¬). 2-E. Twist = Bend = ´çîªúøç. Twisted rod = ´ç*† éπúŒf. (Twist - Twisted - Twisted)

Verb - are changed (PV) 8) He is going to be replaced.

´’®Ω-ù-Péπ~ í∫’Jç* Ç™- Ç £æ«çûª-èπ◊úÕ™ ü¿úø-°æ¤-öÀdç-*çC. The sight of our headmaster scares us = ´÷ headmaster éπE-°œÊÆh î√©’, ¢Ë’ç ¶µºßª’-°æ-úÕ-§Úû√ç. Scare X reassure (üµÁj®ΩuçûÓ ÆœnN’-ûª-°æ-úøôç)

On seeing the policeman, the thief was scared and I felt reassured = Police

†’ îª÷úø-í¬ØË üÌçí∫èπ◊ ü¿úø-°æ¤-öÀdçC, Ø√èπ◊ üµÁj®Ωuç éπL-TçC. 5-B. Fluctuate = Vary = ´÷®Ω’ûª÷ Öçúøôç ûª®Ω-îª’í¬– °æJ-´÷-ùç™, Ø√ùu-ûª™, üµ¿®Ω™. The price of petroleum fluctuates in the international market =

Åçûª-®√b-Bߪ’ N°æ-ùÀ™ °vöLߪ’ç üµ¿®Ω©’ ûª®Ωîª÷ ´÷®Ω’-ûª’ç-ö«®·. Fluctuating voltage = Current voltage ™ ûª®Ωîª÷ N°æ-K-ûª-¢Á’i† ´÷®Ω’p©’. His mood fluctuated between the happiest and the saddest =

ÅûªúÕ ´’†-ÆœnA ÅA ÆæçûÓ≠æç †’ç* ÅA ü¿’”ë«-EéÀ ÜTçC. Fluctuate X Persist (= äÍé ÆœnA™ é̆-≤ƒ-í∫úøç). This price has persisted for the past few weaks =

Ñ üµ¿®Ω í∫ûª éÌCl ¢√®√-©’í¬ (äÍé Nüµ¿çí¬/ ´÷®Ω’p©’ ™‰èπ◊çú≈) é̆-≤ƒ-í∫’-ûÓçC. D) Delicate = Ææ’Eo-ûª-¢Á’i†. A baby's skin is delicate = Gúøf Ωtç Ææ’Eo-ûªçí¬ Öçô’çC. An egg shell is delicate = éÓúÕ í∫’úø’f °çèπ◊ Ææ’Eoûªç. Delicate X tough (ü¿%úµø-¢Á’i†).

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 27 -ï-†-´-J 2008

v°æ¨¡o:

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

1. To be + pp form

í∫’Jç* ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’í∫-©®Ω’. DEo à N-üµ¿çí¬ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L. Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ùèπ◊ to be won èπ◊ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? 2. Would be í∫’Jç* ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’çúÕ. Would be + pp form †’ à Nüµ¿çí¬ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L? Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ùèπ◊ would be done, would be won Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ?

Would be - -á-™« Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L?

3.

ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ äéπ °æEE îË®·-≤ƒh†’ ņ-ú≈-EéÀ à´’-Ø√L? ؈’ Ç °æEE îË®·-≤ƒh†’ ņ-ú≈-EéÀ à´’-Ø√L? 4. éÀçC-¢√-öÀ™ àN éπÈ®é˙d? I. a) What does the poet says?

7.

Ééπ\úø ÅEo ®Ω鬩 ÂÆjéÀ∞¡Ÿx Å´’t-•-úø-û√®· ņ-ú≈-EéÀ All types of cycles will be sold here ÅØ√L éπü∆? All types of cycles are sold here ÅE áçü¿’èπ◊ Åçö«®Ω’? ü∆E Å®Ωnç ÅEo ®Ω鬩 ÂÆjéÀ∞¡Ÿx Ééπ\úø Å´’t•úÕ ÖØ√o®· ÅE ´Ææ’hçC éπü∆? – -Å-Gµ->-û˝, £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

ï¢√•’: 1. to be + pp (am/ is/ are/ shall be/ was/ can be, etc + past participle) form verb passive voice

™

™ Öçô’çC. (pp = past participle ÅE ûÁ©’Ææ’ éπü∆?) To be won = Èí©’--éÓ-•-ú≈-Lq† ņoô’x. Three prizes to be won=

More work to be done =

II. a) Where does she goes?

îËߪ’-•-úËç-ü¿’èπ◊ (îËߪ÷-Lq†) °æE Éçé¬ ÖçC. 2. Would be - DE í∫’-Jç-* Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x N´-Jç-î√ç. í∫ûªç-™ç* ¶µºN-≠æuû˝ îÁ°æpú≈-EéÀ ÉC ¢√úøû√ç.

b) Where does she go? III. a) What does he thinks? b) What does he think?

†’ Question ûÓí¬F, not ûÓí¬F îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’ does ´Ææ’hçC éπü∆? ´’J does †’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-*-†-°æ¤púø’ 1st RDW áçü¿’èπ◊ ®√≤ƒh®Ω’? ÅC ûª°æ¤p-é¬ü∆? N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. 6. Am, is, are v°æÆæ’hûªç Öçúø-ö«Eo ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-≤ƒh®· éπü∆? am+pp, is + pp, are+ pp ©†’ ᙫ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L? Was come ûª°æ¤p ÅE îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. é¬F was + pp, were + pp í∫’Jç* ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-¨»®Ω’ éπü∆! Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ was + pp à Nüµ¿çí¬ ûª°æp-´¤-ûª’çC? He is come éπÈ®é˙d Å®·-†-°æ¤púø’ He was come áçü¿’èπ◊ ûª°æ¤p?

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 413 I thought that he would be there =

would be + pp = would be done, would be seen, etc. He Know that it would be done =

ÅC îËߪ’-•-úø’-ûª’ç-ü¿E Åûª-úÕéÀ ûÁL-ÆœçC.

©’, I am young, amn't I ? , I am – É™« ûËú≈í¬ Öçô’-Ø√o®·. 'be' form ™‰éπ-§ÚûË, not ´Ææ’hçC. é¬F 'aren't' áçü¿’èπ◊ ´Ææ’hçC?

I am young, aren't I?

amn't I ?

éπü∆ ®√¢√LqçC? éÌEo °æ¤Ææh-鬙x amn't I í¬, ´’J-éÌEoç-öÀ-™ aren't I í¬ ´Ææ’h-Ø√o®·. Éçé¬ É™«çöÀ ûËú≈©’çõ‰ îÁ°æp-í∫-©®Ω’? – G.¢Á÷-£æ«Ø˛, éπçûË®Ω’ ï¢√•’: I am young, aren't I? ņúøç correct. äéπ\ 'I" N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ´÷vûª¢Ë’, question tag ™ n't (not) ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’, aren't I? ÅE ´Ææ’hçC, ®√¢√L. ÉC ¢√úø’éπ, (usage) 鬕öÀd N´-®Ωù Åçô÷ Öçúøü¿’. í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√-LqçüË. Å®·ûË ´’Sx question tag ™, "I" ûÓ not ™‰éπ-§ÚûË am I? ÅØË ´Ææ’hçC. v°æ¨¡o: He said, "I will come here"... Ñ ¢√é¬u-EéÀ Indirect Speech ™ come ≤ƒn†ç™ go ´Ææ’hçü∆? N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. éπÈ®Fq ØÓôx°j

"I will come here"..

I promise to pay the bearer the sum of one hundred rupees

ÅE ®√Æœ Öçô’çC. ü∆E ¶µ«´ç àN’öÀ? – §ƒ´E, Ææ’üµ¿, ´’ûªqu-°æ¤J, °æPa-´’-íÓ-ü∆-´J ï¢√•’: Å´¤†’. He said that he would go there, correct. Currency notes †’ ´·vCç* «-´’ùÀ îËÊÆ ¶«üµ¿uûª Reserve Bank of India C. Ç bank governor, äéπ ØÓô’-èπ◊†o vü¿´uN-©’´ (monetary value – úø•’s© N©’´)†’ ûÁLÊ° £æ…O’ ÉC. ´çü¿ ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’-© -ØÓô’†o ¢√È®-´-J-ÈéjØ√ (bearer = ØÓô’†’ §ÒçC†-¢√®Ω’) ´çü¿ ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’© vü¿´uç (úø•’s) îÁLx-≤ƒh-†E Reserve Bank of India Governor £æ…O’ ÉC.

v°æ¨¡o: What is the difference of Invention and Discovery. – áØ˛. Æœü¿lùg, ®√ߪ’-ü¿’®Ω_ç ï¢√•’: Invention - ™‰E ü∆Eo Ææ%≠œdç-îªúøç – Electric bulb, TV, Telephone

™«çöÀ ¢√öÀE, Inventions Åçö«ç. Discovery - Ö†o ü∆Eo ¢Á·ü¿-ôí¬ îª÷úøôç/ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç/ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç.

Invention/ Discovery Å¢Á’-J-鬆’ ¢Á·ü¿ô îª÷ÆœçC

3. I will make (somebody) do it/ I will get it/ have it done. 4. 1b, 2b and 3b correct. not/ question 5. 2nd RDW does + 1st RDW Does 2nd Regular Doing Word He likes me X He does not like me likes + not / ? = (does like) correct Does + 1st RDW 6. am + pp/ is + pp/ are + pp- Regular passive voice

Åûª-úø-éπ\úø Öçö«úøE ؈-†’-èπ◊Ø√o – ņ’èπ◊-†oC í∫ûªç – Åûªúø’ Öçúøôç Å°æpöÀ †’ç* future 鬕öÀd would be.

'Question Tag' correct, aren't I ? not

°æéπ\†

¶µ«®Ω-û˝-îËûª Èí©’-´-•-úø’-ûª’ç-ü¿E ¢Ë’ç ņ’-èπ◊Ø√oç (´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’: ¶µ«®Ωû˝ Èí©’-Ææ’hç-ü¿E ņ’-èπ◊Ø√oç).

†’

5. 2nd RDW

v°æ¨¡o:

She hoped that she would be given the prize = Prize We all expected that the match would be won by India = Match match

ûª†éÀ´y-•-úø’-ûª’ç-ü¿E Ç¢Á’ ÇPç-*çC.

Èí©’--éÓ-•-úËç-ü¿’èπ◊ (´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’– Èí©’--èπ◊-ØËçü¿’èπ◊) ´‚úø’ •£æ›-´’-ûª’©’.

b) What does the poet say?

2

Columbus discovered America -

Columbus.

M.SURESAN

ûÓ ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ´Ææ’hçC. ûÓ ®√ü¿’.

He is seen (is + seen - pp of see) here everyday =

v°æA-®ÓW (Regular) Åûª-úÕ-éπ\úø îª÷úø-•-úø-û√úø’. (v°æA-®ÓW Åûª-úÕ-éπ\úø éπE°œ≤ƒhúø’.) They are given (are + given - pp of give) coffee every morning =

v°æA Öü¿ßª’ç ¢√∞¡Ÿx coffee É´y-•-úø-û√®Ω’– (¢√∞¡xèπ◊ coffee É≤ƒh®Ω’) Was + pp/ Were + pp- í∫ûªç™ ïJ-T† °æ†’-©èπ◊. It was done yesterday - E†o îËߪ’-•-úÕçC They were taken home =

ÅN ÉçöÀéÀ BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡x-•-ú≈f®·. í∫´’-Eéπ: be form ûÓ object Ö†o verbs èπ◊ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ past participle ¢√úøû√ç. Åçõ‰ á´-JE/ üËEE ÅE ´÷vûª¢Ë’ verb èπ◊ v°æ¨¡o ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊çõ‰ answer ´îËa verbs èπ◊ object Öçô’çC. come- ®√´úøç– á´-JE/ üËEéÀ í¬ ïJÍí °æEE ™ ®√´úø ç?- Answer ™‰ü¿’. Åçü¿’-éπE was come/ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-≤ƒh®·. were come ®√ü¿’. ûª°æ¤p. I am taught (am + taught - pp of 7. Will be sold Åçõ‰ future ™ Å´’t•úøû√ߪ’E teach) for an hour everyday = nç. Are sold Åçõ‰ véπ´’ç ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈/ á°æ¤púø÷ (v°æA ®ÓW (Regular) ؈’ í∫çôÊÆ°æ¤ Å®Ω Å´’t√-ߪ’E. Book Shops ™ °æ¤Ææh-é¬-™„-°æ¤púø÷ ¶Cµç-îª-•-úø-û√†’. (´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’– Å´’t-••--úúøø--ûû√®· 鬕öÀd are sold ÅØË ÅØ√L. v°æA-®ÓW í∫çô-ÊÆ°æ¤ Ø√èπ◊ ¶Cµ-≤ƒh®Ω’.)

He is seen her e ever yday v°æ¨¡o: üÁj†ç-C†, v°æéπ%A Ææç•ç-Cµûª, Ææ£æ«ï, -îªJ-vû√-ûªtéπ Å稻-©†’ simple present tense tense

™ ´Jg-≤ƒh®Ω’. ïJ-T-§Ú-®·† °∂æ’-ô-†-©†’ simple past ™ØË îÁ§ƒpL. ÉçúÕ-ߪ÷–-§ƒ-é˙© ´’üµ¿u véÀÈéö¸ ´÷uî˝ vú≈ Å®·uçC. ÉC î√J-vû√-ûªtéπ Å稡ç é¬ü¿’. ïJ-T-§Ú-®·† 鬙«-EÍé. Å®·Ø√ channels ™, News Papers ™ èπÿú≈ Indo-Pak match ends in a draw Åçô÷ match ends ends simple present tense

áçü¿’èπ◊ ¢√ú≈®Ω’? É™«Íí áØÓo Å稻©’ The talks 'fail' Åçô÷ ûª®Ωîª÷ Í®úÕ-ßÁ÷™x Nçô’Ø√oç. Ê°°æ®Ωx-™ -îª-ü¿’-´¤-ûª’-Ø√oç. -É-C learners èπÿ, beginners èπÿ -ûª°æ¤p-úø’ ÆæçÍé-û√-©’ -ÉÆæ’h-†o-õ‰x éπ-ü∆? ÉC à Ææ÷vûªç v°æ鬮Ωç ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûÓçC? N´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. – á. éπ%≠æg-U-û√-®Ω’b†, Eúø-ü¿-¢Ó©’

ï¢√•’: A very good question.

News Paper reporting ™ ´·êuçí¬ headings ™ ïJ-T-§Ú-®·† N≠æ-ߪ÷-©†’ present simple ™ report îËߪ’úøç ¢Á·ü¿öÀ †’ç* ´Ææ’h†o dž-¢√-®·B (convention). ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ immediate past ™ ïJ-T† N≠æߪ÷-©†’ éÌEo-≤ƒ®Ω’x simple present ™ ûÁLߪ’-ñ‰≤ƒhç.

v°æ¨¡o: No Smoking, Missing, Drinking Water, Parking ™«çöÀ v°æéπ-ô-†-©†’ -ing form

™ ®√≤ƒh-È®ç-ü¿’èπ◊? Do not smoke here, missed ÅE ®√ߪ’´îª’a éπü∆! 'ûª°œp-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’— ņ-ú≈-EéÀ 'missing' ÆæÈ®j† Å®√n-Eo-Ææ’hçü∆? Drinking water èπ◊ 'F∞¡Ÿx û√í∫’-ûª’†o— ÅE Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç. û√Íí-F®Ω’†’ Drinking water ÅE é¬èπ◊çú≈ ´’®Ó ´÷ô/ ®Ω÷°æç™ îÁ°æp-™‰´÷? Å™«Íí parking Åçõ‰ à´’E Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L? -ü¿-ߪ’-îËÆœ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. walking stick – °œ.¢Á÷-£æ«Ø˛, ïT-û√u© ï¢√•’: Missing Åçõ‰ ûª°œp-§Ú®·† ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. Correct. Å®·ûË, Ééπ\úø missing Åçõ‰ éπ†•-úø-ôç-™‰ü¿’/ ñ«úø-™‰ü¿’ ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ´Ææ’hçC. 鬕öÀd ûª°œp-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’ ņ-ú≈-EéÀ missing correct ´÷-õ‰. Drinking Åçõ‰ û√í∫’-ûª’†o ÅØË é¬èπ◊çú≈ û√Ííç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ´Ææ’hçC.

Eg: I come to express my gratitude to you.

O’èπ◊ éπ%ûª-ïc-ûª©’ ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ØËE-éπ\-úÕéÀ ´î√a†’. Ééπ\úø I have come ÅØÁjØ√ ÅØÌa. Åçü¿’-éπØË news paper headings ™ Twenty die as train derails (Train °æö«d©’ ûª°æp-ôçûÓ 20 ´’çC ´’®Ωùç), Elephants destroys crops in a draw ? and kill villagers (°æçôLo Ø√¨¡†ç îËÆœ ´’†’-≠æfl-©†’ îªç°œ† à†’-í∫’©’) ™«çöÀ headings îª÷≤ƒhç. Å®·ûË The use of simple present for past events, headlines èπ◊ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ °æJ-N’ûªç. Headlines éÀçC éπü∑¿-†ç™ (News report/ story ™) ´÷vûªç Ææç°∂æ’-ô† ïJT† day/ date †’ ûÁL°œ, past simple ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. News paper regular í¬ îªü¿-´úøç Å©-¢√-ô-®·ûË learners/ beginners èπ◊ ÖçúË confusion ûÌ©-T-§Ú-ûª’çC. éÌEo TV channels ™ ûª°æ¤pí¬ India won the match ÅE ®√Ææ’hç-ö«®Ω’. ÉC India wins ÅE é¬F, India has won ÅE é¬F Öçú≈L. India wins ņo-°æ¤púø’ journalistic language Å´¤-ûª’çC. India has won ņo-°æ¤púø’ past action, time not stated Å´¤-ûª’çC. O’ ÆæçüË£æ«ç î√™« ´’ç* ÆæçüË-£æ«¢Ë’. working women = ÖüÓuí∫ç îËÊÆ/ îËÆæ’h†o Æ‘Y©’ Å®·ûË walking stick Åçõ‰ †úø’-Ææ’h†o éπv®Ω ÅE ®√ü¿’. ÉC ¢√úø’-éπ™ Å™« ´îËa expression. Printing ink Åçõ‰ printing (´·vCçîËçü¿’) èπ◊ ¢√úË ink ÅØË ´Ææ’hçC é¬F ´·vCçîË ink ÅE ®√ü¿’ éπü∆. missed = éÓ™p-®·† missed chance = (´’†’-≠æfl©’) éÓ™p-®·† Å´-é¬-¨»©’. Ééπ\úø missed, past participle. He missed the chance = Åûª-úø’ Å´-é¬-¨»Eo §ÚíÌô’dèπ◊Ø√oúø’. Ééπ\úø missed - past simple. É™«çöÀN Éçé¬ î√™« ÖØ√o®·. ¢√öÀE ´’†ç Ææçü¿-®√s¥-†’-≤ƒ®Ωç Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’éÓ-¢√L.

Åçõ‰ †úø’-Ææ’h†o éπv®Ω é¬-ü¿’

The discovery of the law of gravitation =

walking stick = stick used for walking.

¶µº÷´÷u-éπ-®Ω{ù Æœü∆l¥ç-û√Eo ¢Á·ü¿ô Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-èπ◊-†oC.

writing table = table which we use for writing

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 29 -ï-†-´-J 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

2

Amogh: A piece of good news. You've been selected for the college team.

English ™ v§ƒ´·-êu-´·†o passive voice í∫’Jç* îªJa-Ææ’hØ√oç éπü∆. English ™ passive voice (--ã -¨¡Ÿ-¶µº-¢√®Ωh. -†’-´¤y college team èπ◊ èπ◊ v§ƒüµ∆†uç î√™« Ö†o-°æp-öÀéà Ŵ-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i-†-°æ¤púø’ ¢√úøáç°œéπ-ߪ÷u-´¤) ô¢Ë’ Åçü¿çí¬ Öçô’ç-ü¿F, ņ-´-Ææ-®Ωçí¬ ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’ Akhil: That's real good news. Are you sure of î√™« Néπ%-ûªçí¬ Öçô’ç-ü¿E èπÿú≈ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√oç-éπü∆? it? ´·êuçí¬– by (á´-J-îËûª) – Ç °æE îËߪ’-•-úÕçC (ÉC (´’ç* ¢√Í®h ÅC. é¬E Eï-¢Ë’Ø√?/ Fèπ◊ Telugu passive form) ÅE ´’†èπ◊ Ææp≠ædçí¬ ûÁL-Æœ-†í∫öÀdí¬ ûÁ©’≤ƒ?) °æ¤púø’, by X/ Y/ Z ÅE passive voice ¢√úøôç ņ-´Amogh: The team has been announced. Your Ææ®Ωç. °æE-îË-Æ œç-üÁ-´®Ó (subject) éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ûÁL-Æ œ-†-°æ¤púø’, name is on the list. active voice ™ îÁ°æp-úø¢Ë’ Ææ£æ«ïçí¬ Öçô’ç-ü¿E (ïô’d†’ v°æéπ-öÀç-î√®Ω’. F Ê°®Ω’ ñ«G-û√™ ÖçC) í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓçúÕ. ´·êuçí¬ Spoken English ™... by Akhil: I am really happy about it. Thank you. me/ him/ you/ us/ her/ them/ it/ somebody ´îËa passive voice ¢√é¬u©èπ◊ ≤ƒn†ç ™‰ü¿’. By ûÓ ´îËa Who else are included in it? (؈’ Eïçí¬ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖØ√o. Thank passive Öçõ‰ ÅC ¢√úø-èπ◊çú≈ Öçúø-ô¢Ë’ ´’ç*C. Now look at the following sentences from you. ÉçÈé-´Jo îË®Ω’a-èπ◊-Ø√o-®Ωç-ü¿’™?) Amogh: Our friend Sunil has been dropped. He was found to have a knee problem.

the dialogue above. See if they can be only in passive voice or if they can be better if they are in active voice. ( Sentences passive voice

Ñ (Ææ’F-™¸†’ ´C-™‰-¨»®Ω’. Åûª-EÍéüÓ ¢Á÷é¬L ´÷vûª ¢ Ë ’ îÁ ° æ p í ∫ © ´÷ ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ Ææ´’Ææu ÖçC) passive voice ™éÀ ¢√öÀ E Akhil: When is the match? (Match á°æ¤púø’?) ´÷Ja îÁÊ°h ¢Á’®Ω’í¬_ Amogh: The match will be held this 15th and Öçö«ßª÷ îª÷úøçúÕ). Ñ players will be asked to report for prac¢√é¬u-©Fo passive. tice from the 3rd onwards. (Match, 15th † Å´¤-ûª’çC. Çô-í¬-∞¡xç-ü¿-JE 3 †’ç* practice èπ◊ £æ…ï-®Ω-¢√-©ç-ö«®Ω’.) Akhil:

I would have been there too if I had been in town yesterday.

I'd have got all this information myself.

(Ñ Ææ´÷-î√-®Ω-´’çû√ ØËØË ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†’ç-úË-¢√úÕo) Amogh: The winners in the match will be sent to Mumbai to play the finals.

Akhil:

finals

™ ÇúËç-ü¿’èπ◊

This will please my parents no end. Thank you again for giving me this wonderful piece of news. I am really thrilled.

(´÷ Å´÷t-Ø√†oéâ√®ΩhûÓ N°æ-K-ûª-¢Á’i† džçü¿ç éπ©’-í∫’-ûª’çC. Fèπ◊ ´’Sx ´’Sx thanks, Ñ Åü¿’s¥-ûª-¢Á’i† Ææ´÷-î √-®√-EéÀ. Ø√èπ◊ Eïçí¬ °æ¤©-éπ-Jç-ûªí¬ ÖçC) thrill= í∫í∫’-®Ìp-úø’°æ¤/ °æ¤©-éπ-Jçûª. ☯

☯

☯

☯

☯

EXERCISE Match the words under A with their meanings under B. A

B

1 Blossom

A Terrible dream

2 Stigma

B Push

3 Junk

C Pleasure

4 Thrust

D Flower

5 Nightmare

E Heart F Disgrace G Waste

KEY:

Match

ûÁ©’í∫’–

Ñ 15† E®Ωy-£œ«ç-îª-•-úø’-ûª’çC. ´÷´‚©’ match Ñ 15† Öçô’çC/ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC.

6) Players will be asked to report for practice from the 3rd. verb- will be asked- be form + practice PP - passive=

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

Çô-í¬∞¡Ÿx 3 †’ç* èπ◊ £æ…ï-®Ω’-é¬-¢√-©E Åúø-í∫-•-úøû√®Ω’= Players †’ 3†’ç* practice èπ◊ ®Ω´’tç-ö«®Ω’– 414 ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’.

ûÁ©’í∫’™ Å®·ûË á´®Ω’ v°æéπ-öÀç-î√®Ω’ ÅØË N≠æ-ߪ÷-EéÀ v§ƒüµ∆†uç É´y-èπ◊çú≈, ïô’d v°æéπ-öÀç-î√®Ω’ ÅØË≤ƒhç. á´®Ω’ v°æéπ-öÀç-î√®Ω’? – DEéÀ v§ƒ´’êuç ™‰ü¿’. Éô’´çöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x English ™ passive ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√úø-í∫©ç. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ The selection committee ÅØË N´-®ΩçûÓ, The selection committee has announced the team ÅØÌa. É™« ÅØË •ü¿’©’ passive better éπü∆, selection committee omit îËÆœ. 3) Who else are included? Ñ passive form èπ◊ èπÿú≈ active éπ≠d¢æ Ë’, îËÍ®a-¢√-∞Îx-´®Ó ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’鬕öÀd. Ééπ\úø English ™ active ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ™‰†õ‰x.

The team has been announced

(E†o ؈’ Ü∞x Öçõ‰, ؈-éπ\úø ÖçúË-¢√úËo.)

(Ééπ\úø ÈíL-*-†-¢√-∞¡x†’ ´·ç¶„jéÀ °æç°æ¤-û√®Ω’)

™

5) The match will be held this 15th. verb- will be held - 'be' form + PP - passive=

1-D. Blossom= Flower =

°æ‹´¤/ °æ‹©í∫’Ah. ´·êuçí¬ îÁô’d/ ¢Á·éπ\-O’ü¿ Ö†o-°æ¤púø’.

The blossoms on the plants in the garden were very fragrant=

ûÓô-™E ¢Á·éπ\© °æ‹©’ Ææ’¢√-Ææ-†-E-î√a®·. Blossom- ¶«xÆæ¢˛’ (Countable- singular, plural ™ èπÿú≈ ¢√úÌa). Mango blossom- ´÷N’-úÕ-°æ‹ûª. Cherry blossom- îÁJ ¢Á·éπ\© °æ‹©’. Blossom Åçõ‰ °æ‹´¤ Néπ-Æ œç-îªúøç ÅE èπÿú≈ Å®Ωnç. Buds blossom in the spring season=

´Ææçûª ®Ω’ûª’´¤™ ¢Á·í∫_©’ Néπ-Æœ-≤ƒh®·/ °æ¤≠œp-≤ƒh®·. Nï-ߪ’-´ç-ûªçí¬ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ áü¿-í∫-ú≈Eo èπÿú≈ blossom Åçö«ç.

1) You have been selected for the college team= college team

†’´¤y èπ◊ áç°œéπ îËߪ’-•-ú≈f´¤. (´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’– †’´¤y áç°œéπߪ÷u´¤/ E†’o áç°œéπ î˨»®Ω’) verb- have been + selected

7) The winners in the match will be sent to Mumbai. Verb- will be sent- be form + PP - passive voice =

°æç°æ-•-úø-û√®Ω’– ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’– ÈíL-*-†-¢√-∞¡x†’ ´·ç¶„jéÀ °æç°æ¤-û√®Ω’. 2) The team has been announced. í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆, °j English senM.SURESAN verb- has been announced- be tences ÅFo verb passive í¬ Ö†o¢Ë. form + pp (passive voice) = Team v°æéπ-öÀç-îª- ÅN passive voice ™ Öçõ‰ØË English ™ ÆæJí¬ •-úÕçC– ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’™– Team v°æéπ-öÀç-î√®Ω’. Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hç-C-éπü∆? 3) Who else are included in the team? Verb- are 1) †’´¤y áç°œéπߪ÷u´¤– DEo passive ™ØË îÁ°æp-í∫©ç. + included (be form + PP) passive = Team ™ áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ á´®Ω’ E†’o áç°œéπî˨»®ΩØËC Ææp≠ædç-í¬ÉçÈé-´®Ω’ îË®Ωa-•-ú≈f®Ω’? ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’– Team ™ ™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd. Ñ ¶µ«¢√Eo active ™ îÁ°æpúøç ÉçÈé-´Jo îË®√a®Ω’? èπ◊ü¿-®Ωü¿’– You have been selected. 4) Our friend Sunil has been dropped. Verb- has 2) The team has been announced. DEo active been dropped = be form + PP- passive voice= Sunil ûÌ©-Tç-îª-•-ú≈fúø’. ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’– voice ™ îÁ°æpôç é¬Ææh éπ≠d¢æ Ë’ éπü∆, á´®Ω’ v°æéπ-öÀçî√®Ω’ ÅØËC Ææp≠ædçí¬ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’ 鬕öÀd. Ææ’F-™¸†’ ûÌ©-Tç-î√®Ω’. [be form + past participle (PP)]

She blossomed into a fine young girl =

Åçü¿-¢Á’i† Å´÷t-®·í¬ áC-Tç-ü∆¢Á’. His business blossomed into a profitable activity=

ÅûªúÕ ¢√u§ƒ®Ωç ™«¶µ«© C¨¡™ áC-TçC.

°Rx-´·çü¿’/ °Rx-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ í∫®Ωs¥ç Åv°æ-A-≥ƒe-éπ®Ωç/ Å´´÷-†-éπ®Ωç/ Ææ´÷ïç Ç¢Á÷-Cç-îªE N≠æߪ’ç. Karna carried with him throughout his life the stigma of a casteless man =

Their friendship blossomed into love =

¢√∞¡x ÊÆo£æ«ç vÊ°´’í¬ áC-TçC. The trees are in blossom = îÁô’x °æ¤≠œp-Ææ’h-Ø√o®·. to blossom (ÅGµ-´%Cl¥ îÁçü¿úøç/ °æ¤≠œpç-îªúøç) X to decay (†Pç-îªúøç/ éÃ~ùÀç-îªúøç) 2-F. Stigma= Disgrace= Ææ´ ÷ïç °æ®Ω’´¤ ûªèπ◊\´í¬ Åv°æ-A-≠æeí¬ ¶µ«NçîË N≠æߪ’ç/ Ææ´÷ïç Ç¢Á÷-Cç-îªE v°æ´-®Ωh†. Alcoholism is a stigma =

û√í∫’-¶-ûªh-Ø√Eo (-´’-ü¿u -´uÆæ-Ø√-Eo) Ææ´÷ïç Bv´ Åv°æA≠æeí¬/ ÅØ√-¢Á÷-ü¿-éπ-®Ωçí¬ ¶µ«N-Ææ’hçC. In the Indian society a woman's remarriage is considered a stigma=

¶µ«®Ωûª Ææ´÷-ïç™ Æ‘Y È®çúÓ Â°R} îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç °æ®Ω’´¤ ûªèπ◊\´/ îËߪ’-èπÿ-úøE °æEí¬ ¶µ«N-≤ƒh®Ω’. The stigma of AIDS/ The stigma attached to AIDS makes it difficult to control it = AIDS

†’ í∫’Jç* ŧÚ-£æ«©÷, ÅüËüÓ Åv°æ-A-≠æe-éπ-®Ω¢Á’i†/ Æœí∫’_-°æ-ú≈-Lq† N≠æ-ߪ’çí¬ ¶µ«Nç-îª-úøç-´©x ü∆E Eߪ’ç-vûªù éπ≠d-´æ ’-´¤-ûÓçC.

Pregnancy before marriage/ without marriage is a stigma =

ûªèπ◊\´ èπ◊©ç ¢√úøØË Åv°æ-A≠æe éπ®Ω’gúø’ @N-û√çûªç ¢Á÷ߪ÷Lq ´*açC. Stigma X honour (íı®Ω´ç) 3-G. Junk= Waste=

îÁûªh/ E®Ω’-°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-¢Á’i† ´Ææ’h-´¤©’. I want to spend the coming sunday clearing all the junk at home =

Ñ ÇC-¢√®Ωç Éçöx ÖçúË °æE-éÀ-®√E ≤ƒ´÷-†x-Eoç-öÀE §ƒÍ®-ߪ÷-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. He bought that chair in a junk shop=

Åûªú≈ èπ◊KaE °æE-éÀ-®√E ≤ƒ´÷†x shop ™ éÌØ√oúø’. Most TV serials and Indian movies are just junk= TV serials,

ÆœE-´÷™x î√™«-´’-ô’èπ◊ îÁûªh¢Ë. Junk food= ´’†ç •ßª’ô AØË Ç£æ…®Ω °æü∆-®√n©’. (Ææ’©-¶µºçí¬ ûªßª÷-È®j, Ææ’©-¶µºçí¬ A†í∫LÍí ÅØ√-®Ó-í∫uéπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† AçúÕ– •ñ«®Óx üÌJÍé N’Ja •@b©’, °æ¤†’-í∫’©’ ™«çöÀN) He speaks all junk = -Å-ûª-úø’ ´÷ö«x-úËC îÁûªh. Junk heap = îÁûªh-í∫’-ôd. Throw it on the junk heap =

4) Sunil has been dropped=

Ææ’F-™¸†’ ûÌ©-Tç-î√®Ω’ (á´®Ó îÁ°æpúøç ™‰ü¿’ – îÁ°æp-†-´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’. v§ƒ´·êuç drop Å®·-†ç-ü¿’Íé, Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ English ™ active éπ≠d¢æ Ë’. ´’Sx The selection committee has dropped Sunil ÅØ√L, selection committee ÅØË extra ´÷ô©’ îËJa) 5) The match will be held this 15th. Ééπ\úø active ™‰†õ‰x– á´®Ω’ match E®Ωy-£œ«-≤ƒh-®Ω-ØËC ûÁL-ߪ’-ü¿’-é¬-•öÀd. 6) Players will be asked to report for practice from the 3rd. active Team management will ask the players to report ..

Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈

Å≤ƒüµ¿uç,

ÅE ņ’-èπ◊çõ‰ ûª°æp. É™«çöÀ passive forms Spoken English èπ◊ v§ƒùç. éÀçC-¢√-öÀE èπÿú≈ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. a) Immediate action should be taken to check bird flu (pv) = Bird flu

†’ Åü¿’°æ¤ îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊

ûªéπ~ù Ωu©’ BÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L. b) A large number of birds have been culled =

°ü¿l Ææçêu™ éÓ∞¡x†’ îªçÊ°-¨»®Ω’. cull = Ææçêu ûªT_ç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊/ ¢√uCµ E¢√-®Ω-ùèπ◊ ïçûª’-´¤-©†’, °æèπ~◊-©†’ îªç°æúøç. 4-B. Thrust = Push =

(üËE™°æL-ÈéjØ√) ûÓߪ’ôç.

He Thrust his hands into the pocket and brought out a five hundred rupee note =

ñ‰•’-™éÀ îËAE ü¿÷Ja/ §ÚE*a ã 500 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’-©ØÓô’ •ßª’-öèπ◊ B¨»úø’. She thrust past the crowd and ran off =

Ç¢Á’ Ç ï†ç °æéπ\-†’ç* †úÕ* §ƒJ-§Ú-®·çC. I thrust a hundred rupee note in the clerk's hand and I got my certificate immediately =

Ç í∫’´÷≤ƒh îËA™ ´çü¿ ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’© note °ö«d†’. ÅçûË. ¢ÁçôØË Ø√èπ◊ certificate ´îËa-ÆœçC. Thrust X withdraw (¢Á†éÀ\ ®√´úøç) 5-A. Nightmare = Terrible dream =

¶µºßª’ç-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† éπ©/ ¶µºßª’ç-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† ņ’-¶µº´ç. Waiting in the queue for Lord Venkateswara's darsanam is a nightmare =

¢Áçéπ-õ‰-¨¡y-®Ω-≤ƒyN’ ü¿®Ωz-†ç-éÓÆæç èπÿu™ E©’-îÓ-´úøç ã ¶µºßª’ç-éπ®Ω ņ’-¶µº´ç. Travelling long distances without reservation can be a nightmare=

Jï-Í®y-≠æØ˛ ™‰èπ◊çú≈ áèπ◊\´ ü¿÷®√©’ È®j™x v°æߪ÷ùÀç-îªúøç ¶µºßª’ç-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† ņ’-¶µº´ç 鬴a. He gets nightmares almost every day =

ü∆ü∆°æ¤ v°æA-®Ó-W Åûª-úÕéÀ °‘úø-éπ-©©’/ ¶µºßª’ç-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† éπ©-™Ô-≤ƒh®·.

ü∆Eo îÁûªh-í∫’-ôd™éÀ NÆœ-È®ß˝’.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 31 -ï-†-´-J 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

2

Achyuth: Hi Ananth, take this.

(ÅO ¢√úø•úø’ûª’-Ø√o®· éπü∆?/ -Å-O -¢√-úø’-ûª’Ø√o®Ω’ éπ-ü∆! ¢√<© N≠æ-ߪ’´‚ ÅçûË. ÉCíÓ BÆæ’éÓ. †’´¤y ü∆Eo ¶«í¬ É≠æd-°æ-úø-û√´¤.)

(ņçû˝, ÉC BÆæ’éÓ.) Ananth: What's it and why give it to me?

☯

(àçôC? Ø√Èéç-ü¿’-éÀ-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤?) Achyuth: Can't you see? It's a wrist watch and it's my gift to you.

☯

☯

☯

☯

éÀçü¿öÀ È®çúø’ lessons †’ç< Important of passive voice í∫’Jç* discuss îËÆæ’hØ√oç éπü∆! ´’†ç (Å®Ωnç-é¬-™‰ü∆? ÅC ¢√î˝. ÅC Ø√ 鬆’éπ í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√-LqçC. Fèπ◊.) 1) °æE-îË-Æ œç-üÁ-´®Ó (subject) ûÁL-Æ œ-†-°æ¤púø’ active Ananth: What's this supposed to be for? What's voice is always preferable and passive voice is to be avoided.

the occasion?

(ÉC üËE-éÓÆæç? àçöÀ Ææçü¿®Ωs¥ç?)

2) Subject short

Ææp≠ædçí¬ ûÁL-ߪ’-†-°æ¤púø’, ÅD sentence (îÁ°œpç-üÁ-´®Ó Ææp≠ædçí¬ îÁ°æp-™‰-†-°æ¤púø’– ´·êuçí¬ Â°j O’®Ω’ í∫´’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’– ØË®√© N≠æ-ߪ’ç™, ØË®Ωç í¬ ÖçúË-ôx-®·ûË passive voice preferable. ÅCµ-é¬-®Ω’©÷, áèπ◊\-´-´’ç-C îÁ°œp-†-°æpúø’.) îËÆœç-üÁ-´®Ó Ææp≠ædçí¬ ûÁL-ߪ’-†-°æ¤púø’, passive ™ØË Passive forms, ´·êuçí¬ Spoken English ™ ¢√ú≈- h) They have been informed of it - ¢√∞¡xéà N≠æߪ’ç îÁ-•’-û√ç. ÉC English ™ °ü¿l ≤˘éπ®Ωuç. ûÁL-ߪ’-°æ-J-î√®/ ûÁL-ߪ’-°æ-J-î√®Ω’. (F ¢√î˝ üÌçT-Lç-îª-•-úÕçC éπü∆?/ F ¢√î˝ Lq-†N: a) He was murdered/ was found murdered. á´®Ó üÌçT-Lç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆?Åçü¿’-éπE Fèπ◊ Be said to/ Be known to/ Be found to/ Be sup- Ñ forms ÅFo èπÿú≈ Spoken English ™ ¢√úË Å´- (îªç°æ-•úÕ Öçúøôç éπE°œç-*çC.) posed to, etc., Ææ®Ωç ÖçC. ¶«í¬ practise îËߪ’çúÕ. 鬆’-éπí¬ É¢√y-©-†’-èπ◊Ø√o.) b) The bank was burgled/ robbed - Bank ©÷öà Now look at the following sentences from the Ananth: Thank you, but this brand of watches is I/ We (be) told/ informed, etc. îËߪ’-•-úÕçC (Bank ™ üÌçí∫-ûª†ç ïJ-TçC– conversation between Achyuth and Ananth. known to be very expensive, so I can't Oô-Eoç-öÀéÀ ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®√n©’: ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’.) accept it. 1) What's this supa) He is said to know all c) Jewellry worth lakhs was stolen = ©éπ~© ®Ω÷§ƒposed to be for? = (ü∑∆uçé˙q. Å®·ûË -É™«çöÀ ¢√<©’ î√™« êKabout it = ¢√úÕéÀ ü∆E ߪ’© N©’´ îËÊÆ †í∫©’ üÌçTLç-ú≈f®· (üÌçí∫ÉC üËE-éπE ņ’-éÓ†’? üÁj-†-Ní¬ Åçü¿-Jéà ûÁ©’Ææ’. Åçü¿’-éπE ؈’ N≠æߪ’ç Åç-û√ ûÁ©’ûª†ç î˨»®Ω’). Å™«Íí, v°æ´÷-ü∆-©èπ◊ èπÿú≈ passive. BÆæ’éÓ-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’Ø√o.) 2) Your watch was ÆæE Åçô’-Ø√o®Ω’. Ç çí∫ x ¶ µ « ≠ æ ù 415 d) He was injured in an accident = -Å-ûª-úø’ v°æ´÷stolen Achyuth: Look here. This is just nothing when I ü¿ç™ í¬ßª’-°æ-ú≈fúø’. think of how much you've Achyuth: Your watch was stolen, wasn't it? You haven't had a watch since then. So I thought I would gift you a watch.

helped me. This was awarded to me in some contest, and I have two other watches. It's been idle for some time.

What's this supposed to be for?

(îª÷úø’. †’´¤y Ø√èπ◊ îËÆœ† Ææ£æ…ߪ’çûÓ §ÚLÊÆh ÉüË-´’ç-ûª-é¬ü¿’. àüÓ §ÚöÙ ÉC Ø√éÀ-´y-•-úÕçC/ Ø√éÌ-*açC. Ø√éÀçé¬ È®çúø’ ¢√<©’ ÖØ√o®·. ÉC Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ÖçC. Åçü¿’-éπE FéÀ-Ææ’hØ√o.) Ananth: I feel a watch is not a necessity. It's worn more as an ornament rather than as a utility. (

¢√-î˝ ÅØËC Å´-Ææ®Ωç é¬ü¿E Ø√ ¶µ«´†. Ö°æßÁ÷-í∫-°æúË ´Ææ’h-´¤í¬ éπçõ‰ èπÿú≈ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ü∆Eo Ƕµº-®Ω-ùçí¬ üµ¿J-≤ƒh®Ω’.) utility = Eûªu-@-N-ûªç™ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æúË ´Ææ’h´¤

3) This brand of watches is known to be very expensive = brand watches

b) They are known to be great players =

Ñ î√™« êK-ü¿-®·-†-´E ņ’-èπ◊ç-

¢√∞¡Ÿx íÌ°æp véÃú≈-é¬-®Ω’-©E Åçü¿-Jéà ûÁ©’Ææ’. This fact is known to all = Ñ Eïç Åçü¿-Jéà ûÁ©’Ææ’. (every one knows it). c) The little girl was found crying for her lost chain =

e) He was taken to hospital (passive)

É™«ç-öÀ-´Fo passive ™ØË îÁ•’û√ç. Practise îËߪ’çúÕ. 3) This brand of watches is known to be very expensive

=

Ñ

brand watches

êK-üÁj-†-´E Åçü¿-Jéà ûÁ©’Ææ’.

4) This was awarded to me.

ö«®Ω’. 4) This was awarded to me.

M.SURESAN

§ÚíÌ-ô’d-èπ◊†o íÌ-©’Ææ’ éÓÆæç àúø’Ææ÷h éπ-E°œç-*çü∆ *†o-°œ©x.

d) Tendulkar is supposed to be the best batsman in the world =

5) It is worn more as an ornament rather than as a utility. 6) Are n't cell phones widely used?

In all the sentences above, the verbs are all be forms + pps and so are in the passive voice. passive active subject 1st sentence (What's this supconversation posed to be for?)

•£æ›-´’-ûª’©’/ °æ¤®Ω-≤ƒ\-®√©’ ™«çöÀN áèπ◊\´ passive ™ îÁ•’û√ç. a) Sachin was awarded the man of the match prize. b) He was rewarded for his courage =

Åûª-úÕ ≤ƒ£æ«-

≤ƒ-EéÀ Åûª-úÕéÀ •£æ›-´’A ´*açC.

õ„çúø’-©\-®˝†’ v°æ°æç-îªç™ ÅN ÅFo èπÿú≈ ™ Öç-úø-ö«-EéÀ 鬮Ωùç, 5) It is worn more as an ornament rather than Åûª’u-ûªh´’ -¶«u-ö¸q-¢Á’-Ø˛í¬ Å†’èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’. ™ ¢√öÀ Ææ p ≠æ d ç í¬ ûÁL-ߪ’-éπ-§Ú-´úøç ´™‰x, as a utility Achyuth: Aren't cell phones widely used? Are be supposed to èπ◊ must Å-ØË (îËߪ÷L/ îËߪ’äéπ \ ™ ûª ° æ p . = Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æúË ´Ææ’h-´¤í¬ éπçõ‰ èπÿú≈ Ƕµº-®Ωùçí¬ they necessary? èπÿ-úøü¿’ – ¨»ÆœçîË Nüµ¿çí¬ ´îËa) Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC. Å®·Ø√ ÉC ™ üµ ¿J-≤ƒh®Ω’. (ÂÆ™¸-§∂ÚØ˛q NJ-Ní¬ ¢√úø-•-úø¢√? (¢√úø®√?) e) You are supposed to pay the fees by the 15th î√™« ûª®Ωîª’í¬ NE°œ-Ææ’hçC. ¢√úøçúÕ O’®Ω’ èπÿú≈. ÉC î√™«´’çC îËÊÆ °æE 鬕öÀd Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ passive. ÅN Å´-Ææ-®Ω´÷?) = 15 éπ™«x †’´¤y °∂‘V éπö«dL. A: Come, take this money? (ÉCíÓ Ñ úø•’s Ananth: They aren't, for all people. 6) Aren't cell phones widely used? = BÆæ’éÓ.) f) What am I supposed to do now? = ØËØËç (Åçü¿-Jéà é¬ü¿’.) Cell phones ¶«í¬ ¢√úø-ôç-™‰ü∆ (v°æï©’)? îËߪ÷-L-°æ¤púø’? (àç îËߪ’-´’ç-ö«®Ω’?) B: What's this supposed to be for? (üËE-éπ-†’-éÓ-´’çAchyuth: But aren't they used? So is it with °j † îÁ°œp† Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ´÷vûª¢Ë’ passive Ææ£æ«ïçí¬ ö«´¤?) ÉC èπÿú≈ îª÷úøçúÕ. watches. Come now. Do take it. You'll Öçô’çü¿E í∫’®Ω’hç--èπ◊çü∆ç. g) We are told to wait here = ´’´’tLo Ééπ\úø ¢Ë* 2) Your watch was stolen = love it. F watch üÌçT-Lç-îª-•-úÕçC/ üÌçT-Lç-î√-È®-´®Ó. Öçúø-´’-Ø√o®Ω’. EXERCISE Match the words under A with their meanings under B. A

B

1 Blame

A Improbable

2 Unlikely

B Ladle

3 lntimate

C Complain

4 Scoop

D Inspire

5 Motivate

E Close F Expel G Include KEY

1-C. Blame = Complain = (Find fault with)

Ç®Ó-°œç-îªúøç/

EçCç-îªúøç/ ûª°æ¤p-°æ-ôdúøç

a) I don't blame any body for my failures = b) Don't blame me later. I have warned you enough.

Ø√ -

¢Áj°∂æ-™«u-©èπ◊ ØËØÁ´JF EçCç-îªúøç ™‰ü¿’.

E†’o î√L-†çûª £«îªa-Jç-î√†’. ûª®√yûª †ØËo-´’-†èπ◊ †’´¤y. c) He always blames it on others = Åûª-úÁ-°æ¤púø÷ Éûª®Ω’©†’ ûª°æ¤p-°æ-úø-û√úø’. (ûª†™ ûª°æ¤pç--èπ◊E), Blame Åçõ‰ EçCç-îªúøç ÅØË é¬èπ◊çú≈, Eçü¿ ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈. I will take a

blame for it =

؈’ ü∆EéÀ Eçü¿-°æ-úøû√/ ؈’ ü∆EéÀ ¶«üµ¿uûª -´£œ«≤ƒh. Blame X Praise/ Commend = §Òí∫-úøôç/ ¢Á’a-éÓ-´úøç. 2-A. Unlikely = Improbable = ÅÆæç-¶µº´ç. probable = Ææ綵ºNçîË/ ïJÍí Å´-鬨¡ç Ö†o. a) India is unlikely to win = ¶µ«®Ωû˝ ÈíLîË Å´-鬨¡ç ™‰ü¿’. b) He is unlikely to go = ¢√úø’ ¢Á∞Ï} Ŵ鬨¡ç ™‰ü¿’/ ¢Á∞¡x-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. c) ''Will there be an election soon?'' (ûªy®Ω™  áEo-éπ-™‰-¢Á’i-Ø√ Öç-ö«ßª÷?) ''Quite unlikely'' (™‰†õ‰x/ Å´-鬨¡ç ™‰ü¿’). Unlikely X Likely (Ææ綵º´ç/ ï®Ω-í∫-´îª’a) í∫´’-EçîªçúÕ. Like (É≠æd-°æ-úøôç/ §ÚLéπ Öçúøôç) èπÿ, likely, unlikely ©èπÿ à Ææç•ç-üµ¿´‚ ™‰ü¿’. 3-E. lntimate = Close = ÆæEo£œ«-ûª-¢Á’i†, ´·êuçí¬ ÊÆo£æ…-EéÃ, ´uéÀh-í∫ûª Ææç•ç-üµ∆-©èπÿ Ñ ´÷ô ¢√úøû√ç. Duryodhana, Sakuni and Karna were very intimate = Intimate friends -

ü¿’®Óu-üµ¿-†’úø’, éπ®Ω’gúø’, ¨¡èπ◊E î√™« ÆæEo-£œ«î√™« v§ƒù-ÊÆo-£œ«-ûª’©’. ûª’©’. Çú≈, ´’í¬ Åvéπ´’ Ææç•ç-üµ∆-EéÀ èπÿú≈ intimate Åçö«®Ω’. Varma and Geetha were supposed to have intimate relationship = -´®Ωtèπ◊, -U-ûªèπ◊ î√™« ÆæEo-£œ«ûª Ææç•ç-üµ∆-©’çúË´E ņ’-èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’. Intimate

X Aloof = For sometime they have been aloof from each other =

¢√®√h°ævA-éπ©’ v°æ-Jç-îª-éπ-´·çüË, àüÁjØ√ ¢√®√h°ævAéπ v°æ-JçîË éπü∑¿†ç/ Ææçîª-©-Ø√-ûªtéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷©’.

ÖØ√o®Ω’.

5-D. Motivate = Inspire =

ü¿÷®Ωçí¬ Öçúøôç/ éπ©-´-èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç.

éÌçûª-鬩çí¬ ¢√∞¡Ÿx äéπJéÌéπ®Ω’ ü¿÷®Ωçí¬

Intimate (verb)

Åçõ‰ ûÁL-ߪ’-°æ-®Ω-îªúøç ÅØË Å®Ωnç

ÖçC. He has intimated to me his decision to start a business = I don't have any intimation about it from him =

¢√u§ƒ®Ωç v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-î√-©†o ûª† E®Ωgߪ÷Eo Åûªúø’ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’-°æ-J-î√úø’ (îÁ§ƒpúø’).

ü∆Eo í∫’Jç* ÅûªúÕ ü¿í∫_®Ω †’ç* Ø√Íéç Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç ™‰ü¿’.Intimate (ûÁLߪ’-°æ-®Ω-îªúøç)X Conceal (ü∆îªúøç) 4-B. Scoop = Ladle = -ûÓ-úøôç/ üËØÁj oØ√ spoon, í∫Jõ„ (Ladle) ™«çöÀ ü∆çûÓ ûÓúÕ Â°jéÀ Bߪ’úøç. He scooped up, the tender coconut from the shell after pouring the water in a glass

(Ç éÌ•sJ F∞¡x†’ í¬xÆˇ™ §ÚÆœ† ûª®√yûª *°æp-™E ™‰ûª éÌ•sJE ûÓúÕ B¨»úø’.) ´’†ç Å°æ¤p-úø-°æ¤púø’ Ice cream scoops îª÷≤ƒhç éπü∆. Spoon ûÓ ûÓúÕ B≤ƒh®Ω’ 鬕öÀd scoop Åçö«ç. 2) Scoop èπ◊ -ÉçéÓ -Å®Ωnç -ûÓ-úÕ-BÊÆ í∫-J-õ„/ spoon. 3) Scoop Åçõ‰ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç– Journalism (¢√®√h°ævA-éπ-©) èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*çC. Éûª®Ω

Scoop X Cover.

vÊ°Í®-°œç-îªúøç/ vÊ°Í®-°æù éπL-Tç-îªúøç (≤ƒ´÷†uçí¬ ´’ç*-¢√-öÀéÀ) °æ¤J-íÌ-©púøç.

Kumble is a good captain who can motivate his team = captain Only self interest motivates most politicians -

ûª† ïô’d†’ vÊ°Í®-°œçîË/ °æ¤J-íÌ™‰p ´’ç* èπ◊綉x. ≤ƒy®Ωn*çûªØË ®√ï-éÃ-ߪ’- Ø√-ߪ’èπ◊-©†’ vÊ°Í®°œ-Ææ’hçC. (¢√∞Ï}ç îËÆœØ√ ≤ƒy®Ωn*çûª† ü∆E ¢Á†’éπ Öçô’çC.) Better salaries and working conditions motivates employees = ¢Á’®Ω’-Èíj† @û√©’, ¢Á’®Ω’-Èíj† °æE °æJ-Æœn-ûª’©÷ ÖüÓu-í∫’-©†’ vÊ°Í®-°œçîª/ v§Úûªq-£œ«ç-îª -í∫-©´¤. Motivate X Deter (Ç°æúøç) F-Expel = •£œ«-≠æ \-Jç-îªúøç. a) The principal

expelled the students from the college = Principal, college (Dismissed). b) Two men suspected to have terrorist connections have been expelled from the country. Terrorists

Ç Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©†’

†’ç* •£œ«-≠æ \-Jç-

î√®Ω’.

ûÓ Ææç•çüµ¿ç Ö†o Éü¿l®Ω’ ´uèπ◊h-©-†’ ü˨¡ç -†’ç-* -•£œ«-≠æ \-Jç-î√-®Ω’. G - Include = Add = îË®Ωaúøç.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm