Practical Data Handbook

Practical Data for Metallurgists Fourteenth Edition Since it was first introduced in 1953, The Timken Company’s Practical Data for Metallurgists has grown in popularity such that technical experts, operations managers and engineering personnel consider it as their indispensable guide to the latest metallurgical information. This listing of standard steels, their chemical compositions, hardening abilities and tolerances conforms with information published by the American Iron and Steel Institute and the Society of Automotive Engineers. Timken has a proud heritage of serving the technical needs of its steel customers across a broad spectrum of industries for 100 years. Our metallurgical expertise, coupled with the finest quality alloy steel bars, tubes and parts, offers value from the boiler room to the board room. For more information about Timken steel, or to inquire about how to get additional copies of this guide, call 800-223-1954, extension 4023. Outside the U.S. and Canada, call 330-471-4162.

® - Registered Trademark of The Timken Company

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Number 4-33

Steel Chemistries Chemical Compositions, etc. Miscellaneous Steel Properties Relative Tool Steel Properties Hardenability Band Data Restricted Hardenability Band Data Jominy Correlation with Round Bars Combined Hardenability Charts Martensite Percent vs. Carbon Content and Hardness Relationship of Fatigue Strength to Tensile Strength Carburizing Rates of Carbon and Alloy Steels Hot Working Temperatures Critical Transformation Temperatures and Ms/Mf Points

34-37 38-48 49-51 52-55 56-69 70 71 72-76 77-78 79-81

Tubing General Tolerances Length Tolerances Straightness Tolerances Weight Table OD Cleanups

82-85 86 87 88 89

Bar General Tolerances Straightness Tolerences Weight Table - Rounds and Squares

90 91 92-95

SPC Statistical Process Control (SPC) Information

96-98

Miscellaneous Information Glossary of Metallurgical Terms Useful Equations for Hardenable Alloy Steels Handy Physical Constants Engineering Conversion Factors Metric - English Stress Conversion Tables Work-Energy Conversion Tables Decimal Equivalent Chart Temperature Conversion Tables Hardness Conversion Tables

99-104 105 106 107-109 110 111 112-113 114-115 116-117

District Offices Timken Desford Steel Timken Latrobe Steel The Timken Company

118 119 120

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STANDARD CARBON STEELS Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits SAE No.

C

Mn

1005 1006 1008

.06 max .08 max .10 max

.35 max .25/.40 .30/.50

1010 1011 1012 1015 1016 1017 1018

.08/.13 .09/.14 .10/.15 .13/.18 .13/.18 .15/.20 .15/.20

.30/.60 .60/.90 .30/.60 .30/.60 .60/.90 .30/.60 .60/.90

1020 1021 1022 1023 1025 1026 1029

.18/.23 .18/.23 .18/.23 .20/.25 .22/.28 .22/.28 .25/.31

.30/.60 .60/.90 .70/1.00 .30/.60 .30/.60 .60/.90 .60/.90

1030 1035 1038 1039

.28/.34 .32/.38 .35/.42 .37/.44

.60/.90 .60/.90 .60/.90 .70/1.00

P = .040 max

SAE No.

C

Mn

1040 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1049

.37/.44 .40/.47 .40/.47 .43/.50 .43/.50 .43/.50 .46/.53

.60/.90 .60/.90 .70/1.00 .30/.60 .60/.90 .70/1.00 .60/.90

1050 1053 1055 1059

.48/.55 .48/.55 .50/.60 .55/.65

.60/.90 .70/1.00 .60/.90 .50/.80

1060 1065

.55/.65 .60/.70

.60/.90 .60/.90

1070 1074 1078

.65/.75 .70/.80 .72/.85

.60/.90 .50/.80 .30/.60

1080 1086 1090 1095

.75/.88 .80/.93 .85/.98 .90/1.03

.60/.90 .30/.50 .60/.90 .30/.50

S = .050 max

FREE CUTTING RESULPHURIZED STEELS Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits SAE No.

C

Mn

P Max

S

1110 1117 1118 1123 1137 1140 1141 1144 1146 1152

.08/.13 .14/.20 .14/.20 .20/.27 .32/.39 .37/.44 .37/.45 .40/.48 .42/.49 .48/.55

.30/.60 1.00/1.30 1.30/1.60 1.20/1.50 1.35/1.65 .70/1.00 1.35/1.65 1.35/1.65 .70/1.00 .70/1.00

.040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040

.08/.13 .08/.13 .08/.13 .06/.09 .08/.13 .08/.13 .08/.13 .24/.33 .08/.13 .06/.09

4

FREE CUTTING REPHOSPHORIZED AND RESULPHURIZED STEEL Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits SAE No.

C

Mn

P

S

1212 1213 1215

.13 max .13 max .09 max

.70/1.00 .70/1.00 .75/1.05

.07/.12 .07/.12 .04/.09

.16/.23 .24/.33 .26/.35

NOTE: 12XX grades are customarily furnished without specified silicon content because of adverse effect on machinability.

HIGH MANGANESE CARBON STEEL Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits SAE No.

C

Mn

P Max

S Max

1513 1522 1524 1526 1527 1533 1534 1541 1544 1545 1546 1548 1552 1553 1566 1570 1580 1590

.10/.16 .18/.24 .19/.25 .22/.29 .22/.29 .30/.37 .30/.37 .36/.44 .40/.47 .43/.50 .44/.52 .44/.52 .47/.55 .48/.55 .60/.71 .65/.75 .75/.88 .85/.98

1.10/1.40 1.10/1.40 1.35/1.65 1.10/1.40 1.20/1.50 1.10/1.40 1.20/1.50 1.35/1.65 .80/1.10 .80/1.10 1.00/1.30 1.10/1.40 1.20/1.50 .80/1.10 .85/1.15 .80/1.10 .80/1.10 .80/1.10

.040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040

.050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050

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STANDARD ALLOY STEELS Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits SAE No.

C

Mn

Cr

1330 1335 1340

.28/.33 .33/.38 .38/.43

1.60/1.90 1.60/1.90 1.60/1.90

.............. .............. ..............

.............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ..............

............. ............. .............

4023 4027 4028* 4037 4047

.20/.25 .25/.30 .25/.30 .35/.40 .45/.50

.70/.90 .70/.90 .70/.90 .70/.90 .70/.90

.............. .............. .............. .............. ..............

.............. .............. .............. .............. ..............

.20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30

............. ............. ............. ............. .............

4118 4120a 4121b 4130 4131 4137 4140 4142 4145 4147 4150

.18/.23 .18/.23 .18/.23 .28/.33 .28/.33 .35/.40 .38/.43 .40/.45 .43/.48 .45/.50 .48/.53

.70/.90 .90/1.20 .75/1.00 .40/.60 .50/.70 .70/.90 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .75/1.00

.40/.60 .40/.60 .45/.65 .80/1.10 .90/1.20 .80/1.10 .80/1.10 .80/1.10 .80/1.10 .80/1.10 .80/1.10

.............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ..............

.08/.15 .13/.20 .20/.30 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25

............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. .............

4320 4340 E4340

.17/.22 .38/.43 .38/.43

.45/ .65 .60/.80 .65/.85

.40/.60 .70/.90 .70/.90

1.65/2.00 1.65/2.00 1.65/2.00

.20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30

............. ............. .............

4620

.17/.22

.45/.65

..............

1.65/2.00

.20/.30

.............

4715 4720

.13/.18 .17/.22

.70/.90 .50/.70

.45/.65 .35/.55

.70/1.00 .90/1.20

.45/.65 .15/.25

............. .............

4815 4820

.13/.18 .18/.23

.40/.60 .50/.70

.............. ..............

3.25/3.75 3.25/3.75

.20/.30 .20/.30

............. .............

50B46§ .44/.49

.75/1.00

.20/.35

.............. ..............

.............

5120 5130 5132 5140 5150 5160 51B60§

.17/.22 .28/.33 .30/.35 .38/.43 .48/.53 .56/.64 .56/.64

.70/.90 .70/.90 .60/.80 .70/.90 .70/.90 .75/1.00 .75/1.00

.70/.90 .80/1.10 .75/1.00 .70/.90 .70/.90 .70/.90 .70/.90

.............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ..............

.............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ..............

............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. .............

51100 52100

.98/1.10 .98/1.10

.25/.45 .25/.45

.90/1.15 1.30/1.60

............. .............

............ ............

............. .............

6150

.48/.53

.70/.90

.80/1.10

.............

............

.15 min

c

6

Ni

Mo

Other

STANDARD ALLOY STEELS - continued SAE No.

C

Mn

Cr

Ni

Mo

Other

8615 8617 8620 8622 8630 8637 8640 8645

.13/.18 .15/.20 .18/.23 .20/.25 .28/.33 .35/.40 .38/.43 .43/.48

.70/.90 .70/.90 .70/.90 .70/.90 .70/.90 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .75/1.00

.40/.60 .40/.60 .40/.60 .40/.60 .40/.60 .40/.60 .40/.60 .40/.60

.40/.70 .40/.70 .40/.70 .40/.70 .40/.70 .40/.70 .40/.70 .40/.70

.15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25

............. ............. ............. ............. ............ ............. ............. .............

8720

.18/.23

.70/.90

.40/.60

.40/.70

.20/.30

.............

8822

.20/.25

.75/1.00

.40/.60

.40/.70

.30/.40

9259 9260

.56/.64 .56/.64

.75/1.00 .75/1.00

.45/.65 .............

............. .............

* S = .035/.050 § B = .0005/.003

a b c

............. Si ............. .70/1.10 ............. 1.80/2.20

Formerly PS 15 Formerly PS 24 Formerly PS 30

Unless specified: Si = .15/.35, P = .030 max (SAE J1268), S = .040 max, Ni = .25 max, Cr = .20 max, Mo = .06 max These standard grades can have modifications in chemistry when agreed upon by user and supplier.

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PS GRADES (Formerly EX Grades) Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits PS No.

C

Mn

Cr

10 16 17 18 19 20 21 31 32 33 34 36 38 39 40 54 55 56 57† 58 59 61 63 64 65 66 67

.19/.24 .20/.25 .23/.28 .25/.30 .18/.23 .13/.18 .15/.20 .15/.20 .18/.23 .17/.24 .28/.33 .38/.43 .43/.48 .48/.53 .51/.59 .19/.25 .15/.20 .08/.13 .08 max .16/.21 .18/.23 .23/.28 .31/.38 .16/.21 .21/.26 .16/.21 .42/.49

.95/1.25 .90/1.20 .90/1.20 .90/1.20 .90/1.20 .90/1.20 .90/1.20 .70/.90 .70/.90 .85/1.25 .90/1.20 .90/1.20 .90/1.20 .90/1.20 .90/1.20 .70/1.05 .70/1.00 .70/1.00 1.25 max 1.00/1.30 1.00/1.30 1.00/1.30 .75/1.10 1.00/1.30 1.00/1.30 .40/.70 .80/1.20

.25/.40 .40/.60 .40/.60 .40/.60 .40/.60 .40/.60 .40/.60 .45/.65 .45/.65 .20 min .40/.60 .45/.65 .45/.65 .45/.65 .45/.65 .40/.70 .45/.65 .45/.65 17.00/19.00 .45/.65 .70/.90 .70/.90 .45/.65 .70/.90 .70/.90 .45/.75 .85/ 1.20

Ni

Other

.20/.40 .05/.10 .............. .............. .13/.20 .............. .............. .13/.20 .............. .............. .13/.20 B .............. .08/.15 .0005-.003 .............. .13/.20 .............. .............. .13/.20 .............. .70/1.00 .45/.60 .............. .70/1.00 .45/.60 .............. .20 min .05 min .............. .............. .13/.20 .............. .............. .13/.20 .............. .............. .13/.20 .............. .............. .13/.20 .............. .............. .13/.20 .............. .............. .05 min .............. 1.65/2.00 .65/.80 .............. 1.65/2.00 .65/.80 .............. .............. 1.75/2.25 .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. B .............. .............. .0005-.003 .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. V 1.65/2.00 .08/.15 .10/.15 .............. .25/.35 ..............

Unless Specified: Si = .15/.35, P = .035 max, S = .040 max

†P = .040 max, S = .15/.35, Si = 1.00 max Note : PS Nos. 15, 24 and 30 are now standard grades. (See SAE Nos. 4120, 4121 and 4715)

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Mo

STANDARD H STEELS Chemical Composition Ranges SAE No.

C

Mn

Cr

Ni

Mo

Other

1330 H 1335 H 1340 H 1345 H

.27/.33 .32/.38 .37/.44 .42/.49

1.45/2.05 1.45/2.05 1.45/2.05 1.45/2.05

............. ............. ............. .............

.............. .............. .............. ..............

............ ............ ............ ............

............. ............. ............. .............

4027 H 4028 Ha 4032 H 4037 H 4042 H 4047 H

.24/.30 .24/.30 .29/.35 .34/.41 .39/.46 .44/.51

.60/1.00 .60/1.00 .60/1.00 .60/1.00 .60/1.00 .60/1.00

............. ............. ............. ............. ............. .............

.............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ..............

.20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30

............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............

4118 H 4130 H 4135 H 4137 H 4140 H 4142 H 4145 H 4147 H 4150 H 4161 H

.17/.23 .27/.33 .32/.38 .34/.41 .37/.44 .39/.46 .42/.49 .44/.51 .47/.54 .55/.65

.60/1.00 .30/.70 .60/1.00 .60/1.00 .65/1.10 .65/1.10 .65/1.10 .65/1.10 .65/1.10 .65/1.10

.30/.70 .75/1.20 .75/1.20 .75/1.20 .75/1.20 .75/1.20 .75/1.20 .75/1.20 .75/1.20 .65/.95

.............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ..............

.08/.15 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .25/.35

............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. .............

4320 H 4340 H E4340 H

.17/.23 .37/.44 .37/.44

.40/.70 .55/.90 .60/.95

.35/.65 .65/.95 .65/.95

1.55/2.00 1.55/2.00 1.55/2.00

.20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30

............. ............. .............

4620 H 4718 H

.17/.23 .15/.21

.35/.75 .60/.95

............. .30/.60

1.55/2.00 .85/1.25

.20/.30 .30/.40

............. .............

4720 H

.17/.23

.45/.75

.30/.60

.85/1.25

.15/.25

.............

4815 H 4817 H 4820 H

.12/.18 .14/.20 .17/.23

.30/.70 .30/.70 .40/.80

............. ............. .............

3.20/3.80 3.20/3.80 3.20/3.80

.20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30

............. ............. .............

50B40 Hb 50B44 Hb 5046 H 50B46 Hb 50B50 Hb 50B60 Hb

.37/.44 .42/.49 .43/.50 .43/.50 .47/.54 .55/.65

.65/1.10 .65/1.10 .65/1.10 .65/1.10 .65/1.10 .65/1.10

.30/.70 .30/.70 .13/.43 .13/.43 .30/.70 .30/.70

.............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ..............

............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............

............. ............. ............. ............. ............. .............

a b

S = .035/.050 B = .0005/.003

9

STANDARD H STEELS - continued SAE No.

C

Mn

Cr

Ni

5120 H 5130 H 5132 H 5135 H 5140 H 5147 H 5150 H 5155 H 5160 H 51B60Hb

.17/.23 .27/.33 .29/.35 .32/.38 .37/.44 .45/.52 .47/.54 .50/.60 .55/.65 .55/.65

.60/1.00 .60/1.10 .50/.90 .50/.90 .60/1.00 .60/1.05 .60/1.00 .60/1.00 .65/1.10 .65/1.10

.60/1.00 .75/1.20 .65/1.10 .70/1.15 .60/1.00 .80/1.25 .60/1.00 .60/1.00 .60/1.00 .60/1.00

.............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ..............

6118 H 6150 H

.15/.21 .47/.54

.40/.80 .60/1.00

.40/.80 .75/1.20

81B45 Hb

.42/.49

.70/1.05

.30/.60

.15/.45

.08/.15

..............

8617 H 8620 H 8622 H 8625 H 8627 H 8630 H 86B30 Hb 8637 H 8640 H 8642 H 8645 H 86B45 Hb 8650 H 8655 H 8660 H 8720 H 8740 H

.14/.20 .17/.23 .19/.25 .22/.28 .24/.30 .27/.33 .27/.33 .34/.41 .37/.44 .39/.46 .42/.49 .42/.49 .47/.54 .50/.60 .55/.65 .17/.23 .37/.44

.60/.95 .60/.95 .60/.95 .60/.95 .60/.95 .60/.95 .60/.95 .70/1.05 .70/1.05 .70/1.05 .70/1.05 .70/1.05 .70/1.05 .70/1.05 .70/1.05 .60/.95 .70/1.05

.35/.65 .35/.65 .35/.65 .35/.65 .35/.65 .35/.65 .35/.65 .35/.65 .35/.65 .35/.65 .35/.65 .35/.65 .35/.65 .35/.65 .35/.65 .35/.65 .35/.65

.35/.75 .35/.75 .35/.75 .35/.75 .35/.75 .35/.75 .35/.75 .35/.75 .35/.75 .35/.75 .35/.75 .35/.75 .35/.75 .35/.75 .35/.75 .35/.75 .35/.75

.15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .20/.30 .20/.30

.............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ..............

8822 H

.19/.25

.70/1.05

.35/.65

.35/.75

.30/.40

9260 H

.55/.65

.65/1.10

.............

9310 H 94B15 Hb 94B17 Hb 94B30 Hb

.07/.13 .12/.18 .14/.20 .27/.33

.40/.70 1.00/1.45 2.95/3.55 .70/1.05 .25/.55 .25/.65 .70/1.05 .25/.55 .25/.65 .70/1.05 .25/.55 .25/.65

Mo

Other

.............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............ .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. V .............. .............. .10/.15 .............. .............. .15

.............. Si .............. .............. 1.70/2.20 .08/.15 .08/.15 .08/.15 .08/.15

.............. .............. .............. ..............

Unless specified: Si = .15/.35, P = .030 max (SAE J1268), S = .040 max, Cu = .35 max, Ni = .25 max, Cr = .20 max, Mo = .06 max b

B = .0005/.003

10

STANDARD CARBON and CARBON BORON H STEELS Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits SAE No.

C

Mn

P Max

S Max

Si

1038 H 1045 H 1522 H 1524 H 1526 H 1541 H 15B21* 15B28H 15B30H 15B35H* 15B37H* 15B41H* 15B48H* 15B62H*

.34/.43 .42/.51 .17/.25 .18/.26 .21/.30 .35/.45 .17/.24 .25/.34 .27/.35 .31/.39 .30/.39 .35/.45 .43/.53 .54/.67

.50/1.00 .50/1.00 1.00/1.50 1.25/1.75 1.00/1.50 1.25/1.75 .70/1.20 1.0/1.50 .70/1.20 .70/1.20 1.00/1.50 1.25/1.75 1.00/1.50 1.00/1.50

.040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040

.050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050

.15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .40/.60

For electric furnace steels P & S = .025 max and the prefix E is added. * B = .0005/.003

RESTRICTED HARDENABILITY STEELS Chemical Composition Ranges SAE No. 15B21RH* 15B35RH* 3310RH 4027RH 4118RH 4120RH 4130RH 4140RH 4145RH 4161RH 4320RH 4620RH 4820RH 50B40RH* 5130RH 5140RH 5160RH 8620RH 8622RH 8720RH 8822RH 9310RH

C

Mn

Si

.17/.22 .33/.38 .08/.13 .25/.30 .18/.23 .18/.23 .28/.33 .38/.43 .43/.48 .56/.64 .17/.22 .17/.22 .18/.23 .38/.43 .28/.33 .38/.43 .56/.64 .18/.23 .20/.25 .18/.23 .20/.25 .08/.13

.80/1.10 .80/1.10 .40/.60 .70/.90 .70/.90 .90/1.20 .40/.60 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .45/.65 .45/.65 .50/.70 .75/1.00 .70/.90 .70/.90 .75/1.00 .70/.90 .70/.90 .70/.90 .75/1.00 .45/.65

.15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35

Ni

Cr

Unless specified: Cu = .35 max, Ni = .25 max, Cr = .20 max, Mo = .06 max * B = .0005 /.003

11

Mo

............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 3.25/3.75 1.40/1.75 ............. ............. ............. .20/.30 ............. .40/.60 .08/.15 ............. .40/.60 .13/.20 ............. .80/1.10 .15/.25 ............. .80/1.10 .15/.25 ............. .80/1.10 .15/.25 ............. .70/.90 .25/.35 1.65/2.00 .40/.60 .20/.30 1.65/2.00 ............. .20/.30 3.25/3.75 ............. .20/.30 ............. .40/.60 ............. ............. .80/1.10 ............. ............. .70/.90 ............. ............. .70/.90 ............. .40/.70 .40/.60 .15/.25 .40/.70 .40/.60 .15/.25 .40/.70 .40/.60 .20/.30 .40/.70 .40/.60 .30/.40 3.00/3.50 1.00/1.40 .08/.15

FORMERLY STANDARD STEELS Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits SAE No.

C

Mn

P Max

S Max

1009 1013 1033 1034 1037 1059 1062 1064 1069 1075 1084 1085 1086

.15 max .11/.16 .30/.36 .32/.38 .32/.38 .55/.65 .54/.65 .60/.70 .65/.75 .70/.80 .80/.93 .80/.93 .80/.94

.60 max .50/.80 .70/1.00 .50/.80 .70/1.00 .50/.80 .85/1.15 .50/.80 .40/.70 .40/.70 .60/.90 .70/1.00 .30/.50

.040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040

.050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050

1108 1109 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1119 1120 1126 1132 1138 1139 1145 1151

.08/.13 .08/.13 .13 max .13 max .13 max .10/.16 .13/.18 .14/.20 .14/.20 .18/.23 .23/.29 .27/.34 .34/.40 .35/.43 .42/.49 .48/.55

.50/.80 .60/.90 .60/.90 .70/1.00 .70/1.00 1.00/1.30 .60/.90 1.10/1.40 1.00/1.30 .70/1.00 .70/1.00 1.35/1.65 .70/1.00 1.35/1.65 .70/1.00 .70/1.00

.040 .040 .07/0.12 .07/0.12 .07/0.12 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040

.08/.13 .08/.13 .10/.15 .16/.23 .24/.33 .08/.13 .08/.13 .16/.23 .24/.33 .08/.13 .08/.13 .08/.13 .08/.13 .13/.20 .04/.07 .08/.13

1211 1320 1345

.13 max .18/.23 .43/.48

.60/.90 1.60/1.90 1.60/1.90

.07/.12 .040 .035

.10/.15 .040 .040

1518 1525 1536 1547 1551 1561 1572

.15/.21 .23/.29 .30/.37 .43/.51 .45/.56 .55/.65 .65/.76

1.10/1.40 .80/1.10 1.20/1.50 1.35/1.65 .85/1.15 .75/1.05 1.00/1.30

.040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040

.050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050 .050

12

FORMERLY STANDARD STEELS - continued Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits SAE No.

C

Mn

Cr

Ni

Mo

Other

2317 2330 2340 2345 2512 2515 2517

.15/.20 .28/.33 .38/.43 .43/.48 .09/.14 .12/.17 .15/.20

.40/.60 .60/.80 .70/.90 .70/.90 .45/.60 .40/.60 .45/.60

.............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ..............

3.25/3.75 3.25/3.75 3.25/3.75 3.25/3.75 4.75/5.25 4.75/5.25 4.75/5.25

............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. .............

............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. .............

3115 3120 3130 3135 3140 3140 3145 3150 3215 3220 3230 3240 3245 3250 3310 3311 3312 3316 3325 3335 3340 3415 3435 3450

.13/.18 .17/.22 .28/.33 .33/.38 .38/.43 .38/.43 .43/.48 .48/.53 .10/.20 .15/.25 .25/.35 .35/.45 .40/.50 .45/.55 .08/.13 .10/.16 .08/.13 .14/.19 .20/.30 .30/.40 .35/.45 .10/.20 .30/.40 .45/.55

.40/.60 .60/.80 .60/.80 .60/.80 .70/.90 .70/.90 .70/.90 .70/.90 .30/.60 .30/.60 .30/.60 .30/.60 .30/.60 .30/.60 .45/.60 .30/.50 .45/.60 .45/.60 .30/.60 .30/.60 .30/.60 .30/.60 .30/.60 .30/.60

.55/.75 .55/.75 .55/.75 .55/.75 .70/.90 .55/.75 .70/.90 .70/.90 .90/1.25 .90/1.25 .90/1.25 .90/1.25 .90/1.25 .90/1.25 1.40/1.75 1.30/1.60 1.40/1.75 1.40/1.75 1.25/1.75 1.25/1.75 1.25/1.75 .60/.95 .60/.95 .60/.95

1.10/1.40 1.10/1.40 1.10/1.40 1.10/1.40 1.10/1.40 1.10/1.40 1.10/1.40 1.10/1.40 1.50/2.00 1.50/2.00 1.50/2.00 1.50/2.00 1.50/2.00 1.50/2.00 3.25/3.75 3.25/3.75 3.25/3.75 3.25/3.75 3.25/3.75 3.25/3.75 3.25/3.75 2.75/3.25 2.75/3.25 2.75/3.25

............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. .15 max ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. .............

............. ............. ............. ............. ............ ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. .............

4012 4024† 4032 4042 4053 4063 4068 4119 4125 4135 4161 4317 4337

.09/.14 .20/.25 .30/.35 .40/.45 .50/.56 .60/.67 .63/.70 .17/.22 .23/.28 .33/.38 .56/.64 .15/.20 .35/.40

.75/1.00 .70/.90 .70/.90 .70/.90 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .70/.90 .70/.90 .70/.90 .75/1.00 .45/.65 .60/.80

............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. .40/.60 .40/.60 .80/1.10 .70/.90 .40/.60 .70/.90

............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 1.65/2.00 1.65/2.00

............. .20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30 .15/.25 .25/.35 .20/.30 .20/.30

............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. .............

† S = .035/.50

13

FORMERLY STANDARD STEELS - continued Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits SAE No.

C

Mn

Cr

Ni

Mo

Other

4419 4419H 4422 4427 4608 46B12* 4615 4617 4620 4621 4621H 4626 4640 4718 4812 4817

.18/.23 .17/.23 .20/.25 .24/.29 .06/.11 .10/.15 .13/.18 .15/.20 .18/.23 .18/.23 .17/.23 .24/.29 .38/.43 .16/.21 .10/.15 .15/.20

.45/.65 .35/.75 .70/.90 .70/.90 .25/.45 .45/.65 .45/.65 .45/.65 .50/.70 .70/.90 .60/1.00 .45/.65 .60/.80 .70/.90 .40/.60 .40/.60

.............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .35/.55 .............. ..............

.............. .............. .............. .............. 1.40/1.75 1.65/2.00 1.65/2.00 1.65/2.00 1.65/2.00 1.65/2.00 1.55/2.00 .70/1.00 1.65/2.00 .90/1.20 3.25/3.75 3.25/3.75

.45/.60 .45/.60 .35/.45 .35/.45 .15/.25 .20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30 .15/.25 .20/.30 .30/.40 .20/.30 .20/.30

............. .............. .............. .............. ............. ............. .............. ............. ............. ............. .............. .............. ............. .............. ............. ..............

5015 50B40* 50B44* 5045 5046 50B50* 5060 50B60* 5115 5117 5135 5145 5145H 5147 5152 5155 50100

.12/.17 .38/.43 .43/.48 .43/.48 .43/.48 .48/.53 .56/.64 .56/.64 .13/.18 .15/.20 .33/.38 .43/.48 .42/.49 .46/.51 .48/.55 .51/.59 .98/1.10

.30/.50 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .70/.90 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .70/.90 .70/.90 .60/.80 .70/.90 .60/1.00 .70/.95 .70/.90 .70/.90 .25/.45

.30/.50 .40/.60 .40/.60 .55/.75 .20/.35 .40/.60 .40/.60 .40/.60 .70/.90 .70/.90 .80/1.05 .70/.90 .60/1.00 .85/1.15 .90/1.20 .70/.90 .40/.60

.............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ..............

.............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ..............

6115 6117 6118 6120 6125 6130 6135 6140 6145 6195

.10/.20 .15/.20 .16/.21 .17/.22 .20/.30 .25/.35 .30/.40 .35/.45 .43/.48 .90/1.05

.30/.60 .70/.90 .50/.70 .70/.90 .60/.90 .60/.90 .60/.90 .60/.90 .70/.90 .20/.45

.80/1.10 .70/.90 .50/.70 .70/.90 .80/1.10 .80/1.10 .80/1.10 .80/1.10 .80/1.10 .80/1.10

.............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ..............

.............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ..............

.............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. V .15 min .10 min .10/.15 .10 min .15 min .15 min .15 min .15 min .15 min .15 min

71360 71660 7260

.50/.70 .50/.70 .50/.70

.30 max 3.00/4.00 .30 max 3.00/4.00 .30 max .50/1.00

.............. .............. ..............

.............. 12.00/15.00 .............. 15.00/18.00 .............. 1.50/2.00

W

* B = .0005/.003

14

FORMERLY STANDARD STEELS - continued Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits SAE No.

C

Mn

Cr

Ni

Mo

Other

8115 81B45* 8625 8627 8632 8635 8641† 8642 86B45* 8647 8650 8653 8655 8660 8715 8717 8719 8735 8740 8742 8745 8750

.13/.18 .43/.48 .23/.28 .25/.30 .30/.35 .33/.38 .38/.43 .40/.45 .43/.48 .45/.50 .48/.53 .50/.56 .51/.59 .56/.64 .13/.18 .15/.20 .18/.23 .33/.38 .38/.43 .40/.45 .43/.48 .48/.53

.70/.90 .75/1.00 .70/.90 .70/.90 .70/.90 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .70/.90 .70/.90 .60/.80 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .75/1.00

.30/.50 .35/.55 .40/.60 .40/.60 .40/.60 .40/.60 .40/.60 .40/.60 .40/.60 .40/.60 .40/.60 .50/.80 .40/.60 .40/.60 .40/.60 .40/.60 .40/.60 .40/.60 .40/.60 .40/.60 .40/.60 .40/.60

.20/.40 .20/.40 .40/.70 .40/.70 .40/.70 .40/.70 .40/.70 .40/.70 .40/.70 .40/.70 .40/.70 .40/.70 .40/.70 .40/.70 .40/.70 .40/.70 .40/.70 .40/.70 .40/.70 .40/.70 .40/.70 .40/.70

.08/.15 .08/.15 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30

............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. .............

92501 92542 92551 92611 92621 9310 9315 9317 94B15 94B17 94B30* 9437 9440 94B40* 9442 9445 9447 9747 9763 9840 9845 9850 438V12* 438V14*

.45/.55 .51/.59 .51/.59 .55/.65 .55/.65 .08/.13 .13/.18 .15/.20 .13/.18 .15/.20 .28/.33 .35/.40 .38/.43 .38/.43 .40/.45 .43/.48 .45/.50 .45/.50 .60/.67 .38/.43 .43/.48 .48/.53 .08/.13 .10/.15

.60/.90 .60/.80 .70/.95 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .45/.65 .45/.65 .45/.65 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .90/1.20 .90/1.20 .75/1.00 .90/1.20 .90/1.20 .90/1.20 .50/.80 .50/.80 .70/.90 .70/.90 .70/.90 .75/1.00 .45/.65

............. .60/.80 ............. .10/.25 .25/.40 1.00/1.40 1.00/1.40 1.00/1.40 .30/.50 .30/.50 .30/.50 .30/.50 .30/.50 .30/.60 .30/.50 .30/.50 .30/.50 .10/.25 .10/.25 .70/.90 .70/.90 .70/.90 .40/.60 .40/.60

............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 3.00/3.50 3.00/3.50 3.00/3.50 .30/.60 .30/.60 .30/.60 .30/.60 .30/.60 .30/.60 .30/.60 .30/.60 .30/.60 .40/.70 .40/.70 .85/1.15 .85/1.15 .85/1.15 1.65/2.00 1.65/2.00

............. ............. ............. ............. ............. .08/.15 .08/.15 .08/.15 .08/.15 .08/.15 .08/.15 .08/.15 .08/.15 .08/.15 .08/.15 .08/.15 .08/.15 .15/.25 .15/.25 .20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30 .08/.15

............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. V .03 min .03 min

* B = .0005/.003 † S = .04/.60

1 2

Si = 1.80/2.20 Si = 1.20/1.60

15

SELECTED MILITARY SPECIFICATIONS Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits MIL

16

S-5000 S-507831 S-5626 S-6049 S-6050 S-67092 S-6758 S-71083 S-7393

S-7420 S-85034

Solid or Tube S S S S S S S S S S S S S

Nearest Equivalent C

Mn

.38/.43 .65/.85 1.00/1.15 1.60/1.90 .38/.43 .75/1.00 .38/.43 .75/1.00 .28/.33 .70/.90 .38/.43 .50/.70 .28/.33 .40/.60 .23/.28 1.20/1.50 .08/.13 .45/.60 .14/.19 .45/.60 .07/.13 .40/.70 .95/1.10 .25/.45 .48/.53 .70/.90

P Max

S Max

Si

Cr

Ni

Mo

.025 .035 .025 .025 .025 .025 .025 .040 .015 .025 .025 .025 .025

.025 .040 .025 .025 .025 .025 .025 .040 .015 .025 .025 .025 .025

.15/.35 .70/1.00 .20/.35 .20/.35 .20/.35 .20/.40 .20/.35 1.30/1.70 .20/.35 .20/.35 .20/.35 .20/.35 .20/.35

.70/.90 .20 max .80/1.10 .40/.60 .40/.60 1.40/1.80 .80/1.10 .40 max. 1.25/1.75 1.25/1.75 1.00/1.40 1.30/1.60 .75/1.20

1.65/2.00 .25 max .25 max .40/.70 .40/.70 .............. .25 max 1.65/2.00 3.25/3.75 3.25/4.00 3.00/3.50 .............. ..............

.20/.30 .06 max .15/.25 .20/.30 .15/.25 .30/.40 .15/.25 .35/.45 .............. .............. .08/.15 .............. ..............

Aircraft Quality Steels Except Where Indicated Cu = .35 max unless specified 1

Al = .020 max Al = .95/1.35 P & S = .025 max if Basic Electric Furnace Steel is specified 4 V = .15 min 2 3

* Timken Company mill type

AMS

SAE No.

6415

E4340

6382 638740 6280 6470 637 6418 6250 .............. .............. 6440 6448

4140 8630 .............. 4130 4625M4* 3310 3316 9310 52100 6150

SELECTED MILITARY SPECIFICATIONS - continued Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits Solid or Tube

C

S-8690 S-86953 S-86993,6 S-8707 S-8844-1 S-8844-36 T-5066

S S S S S or T S or T T

18/.23 .34/.41 .28/.33 .38/.43 .38/.43 .40/.45 .22/.28

S-115957 S-115957 S-115957,8 S-460478

S S S S

.48/.55 .47/.55 .41/.49 .38/.45

MIL 5

Nearest Equivalent Mn

17

P Max

S Max

Si

.70/1.00 .60/1.00 .80/1.00 .70/.90 .65/.90 .65/.90 .30/.60

.025 .040 .040 .040 .010 .010 .025

.025 .040 .040 .040 .010 .010 .025

.20/.35 .20/.35 .20/.35 .20/.35 .15/.35 1.45/1.80 .30 max

.40/.60 ............. .75/.95 .70/.90 .70/.90 .70/.95 .............

.40/.70 ............. 1.65/2.00 .85/1.15 1.65/2.00 1.65/2.00 .............

.15/.25 .20/.30 .35/.50 .20/.30 .20/.30 .35/.45 .............

6274 8620 6300 4037 6427 4330M4V1* 6342 9840 ............. 4340 ............. 300M ............. 1025

.75/1.00 .70/1.00 .60/.90 .75/1.00

.040 .040 .040 .025

.040 .05/.09 .040 .020

.20/.35 .20/.35 .20/.35 .20/.35

.80/1.10 .80/1.15 .80/1.15 .95/1.25

............. ............. ............. .............

.15/.25 .15/.25 .30/.40 .55/.70

............. 4150 ............. 41R50 ............. 4142M3V2* ............. .............

Aircraft Quality Steels Except Where Indicated Cu = .35 max unless specified 5

P & S = .015 max if consumable vacuum melted steel is specified V = .05/.10 Al = .040 max 8 V = .20/.30 6 7

Cr

Ni

Mo AMS

* Timken Company mill type

SAE No.

SELECTED AMS ALLOY STEEL SPECIFICATIONS Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits

18

AMS Number

C

Mn

Si

Cr

Ni

Mo

V

Other Designations

6250 62601 6263 6264 62652 62663 6270 6272 6274 62753 6280 6281 6282 6290 6292 6294 6299 63004

.07/.13 .07/.13 .11/.17 .14/.20 .07/.13 .08/.13 .11/.17 .15/.20 .17/.23 .15/.20 .28/.33 .28/.33 .33/.38 .11/.17 .15/.20 .17/.22 .17/.23 .35/.40

.40/.70 .40/.70 .40/.70 .40/.70 .40/.70 .75/1.00 .70/1.00 .70/1.00 .75/1.00 .60/.95 .70/.90 .70/.90 .75/1.00 .45/.65 .45/.65 .45/.65 .40/.70 .70/.90

.15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .20/.40 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35

1.25/1.75 1.00/1.40 1.00/1.40 1.00/1.40 1.00/1.40 .40/.60 .40/.60 .40/.60 .35/.65 .30/.50 .40/.60 .40/.60 .40/.60 .20 max .20 max .20 max .35/.65 .20 max

3.25/3.75 3.00/3.50 3.00/3.50 3.00/3.50 3.00/3.50 1.65/2.00 .40/.70 .40/.70 .35/.75 .30/.60 .40/.70 .40/.70 .40/.70 1.65/2.00 1.65/2.00 1.65/2.00 1.55/2.00 .25 max

.06 max .08/.15 .08/.15 .08/.15 .08/.15 .20/.30 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .08/.15 .15/.25 .15/.25 .20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30

.............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .03/.08 .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ..............

3310 9310 9315 9317 9310 43BV12 8615 8617 8620 94B17 8630 8630 8735 4615 4617 4620 4320 4037

P & S = .025 max, Cu = .35 max unless specified 1 3 B = .001 max B = .0005/.005 3 P & S = .015 max P & S = .040 max

2

SELECTED AMS ALLOY STEEL SPECIFICATIONS - continued Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits

19

AMS Number

C

Mn

Si

Cr

Ni

Mo

V

6302 63035 6304 6312 6320 63216 6322 6323 6324 6328 6342 6371 6372 6381 6382 6407 64097

.28/.33 .25/.30 .40/.50 .38/.43 .33/.38 .38/.43 .38/.43 .38/.43 .38/.43 .48/.53 .38/.43 .28/.33 .33/.38 .38/.43 .38/.43 .27/.33 .38/.43

.45/.65 .60/.90 .40/.70 .60/.80 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .70/.90 .40/.60 .70/.90 .75/1.00 .75/1.00 .60/.80 .65/.85

.55/.75 .55/.75 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .40/.70 .15/.35

1.00/1.50 1.00/1.50 .80/1.10 .20 max .40/.60 .30/.55 .40/.60 .40/.60 .55/.75 .40/.60 .70/.90 .80/1.10 .80/1.10 .80/1.10 .80/1.10 1.00/1.35 .70/.90

.25 max. .50 max. .25 max. 1.65/2.00 .40/.70 .20/.40 .40/.70 .40/.70 .55/.85 .40/.70 .85/1.15 .25 max .25 max .25 max .25 max 1.85/2.25 1.65/2.00

.40/.60 .40/.60 .45/.65 .20/.30 .20/.30 .08/.15 .20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .15/.25 .35/.55 .20/.30

.20/.30 .75/.95 .25/.35 .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ..............

P & S = .025 max, Cu = .35 max unless specified 5 Cu = .50 max 6 B = .0005/.005 7 P = .015 max, S = .008 max

* Special Aircraft Quality

Other Designations 17-22-AS® 17-22-AV® 4640 8735 81B40 8740 8740 8740 Mod 8750 9840 4130 4135 4140 4140 HS220-07 4340*

SELECTED AMS ALLOY STEEL SPECIFICATIONS - continued Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits

20

AMS Number

C

Mn

Si

Cr

Ni

Mo

V

6412 64148 6415 6418 64199 642110 642210 6427 6428 64308 64319 6440 64448 64458 6448

.35/.40 .38/.43 .38/.43 .23/.28 .40/.45 .35/.40 .38/.43 .28/.33 .32/.38 .32/.38 .45/.50 .98/1.10 .98/1.10 .92/1.02 .48/.53

.65/.85 .60/.90 .65/.85 1.20/1.50 .60/.90 .65/.85 .65/.85 .75/1.00 .60/.80 .60/.90 .60/.90 .25/.45 .25/.45 .95/1.25 .70/.90

.15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 1.30/1.70 1.45/1.80 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .15/.35 .40/.60 .15/.30 .15/.35 .15/.35 .50/.70 .15/.35

.70/.90 .70/.90 .70/.90 .20/.40 .70/.95 .70/.90 .70/.90 .75/1.00 .65/.90 .65/.90 .90/1.20 1.30/1.60 1.30/1.60 .90/1.15 .80/1.10

1.65/2.00 1.65/2.00 1.65/2.00 1.65/2.00 1.65/2.00 .70/1.00 .70/1.00 1.65/2.00 1.65/2.00 1.65/2.00 .40/.70 .25 max .25 max .25 max .25 max

.20/.30 .20/.30 .20/.30 .35/.45 .30/.50 .15/.25 .15/.25 .35/.50 .30/.40 .30/.40 .90/1.10 .10 max .08 max .08 max .06 max

.............. .............. .............. .............. .05/.10 .............. .01/.06 .05/.10 .17/.23 .17/.23 .08/.15 .............. .............. .............. .15/.30

P & S = .025 max, Cu = .35 max unless specified 8 P & S = .015 max 9 P & S = .010 max 10 B = .0005/.005

Other Designations 4337 CV4340 4340 4625M4 300M 98B37 Mod 98B40 Mod 4330M4V1 4335M4V2 D6-AC 52100 CV52100 51100 6150

NITRIDING STEELS Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits

21

AMS Number

C

Mn

Si

Cr

Ni

Mo

Al

6470 6471 6472* 6475

.38/.43 .38/.43 .38/.43 .21/.26

.50/.80 .50/.80 .50/.70 .50/.70

.20/.40 .15/.40 .20/.40 .20/.40

1.40/1.80 1.40/1.80 1.40/1.80 1.00/1.25

............. .25 max ............. 3.25/3.75

.30/.40 .30/.40 .30/.40 .20/.30

.95/1.30 .95/1.30 .95/1.30 1.10/1.40

* P = .035 max, S = .040 max

Other Designations 135M or #3 Nit #3 N

AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits

22

Type Number

C Max

201 202 301 302 302B 303 304 TP304 304L TP304L TP304H 305 308 309 310 TP310 314 316 TP316 316L TP316L TP316H

.15 max .15 max .15 max .15 max .15 max .15 max .08 max .08 .03 .035 .04/.10 .12 .08 .20 .25 .15 .25 .08 .08 .03 .035 .04/.10

Mn Max

Si Max

5.5/7.5 1.00 7.5/10.0 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 2.00/3.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 .75 2.00 1.00 2.00 .75 2.00 .75 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.50 2.00 .75 2.00 1.50/3.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 .75 2.00 1.00 2.00 .75 2.00 .75

* At producers option, reported only when intentionally added.

P Max

S Max

Cr

Ni

Others

.060 .060 .045 .045 .045 .200 .045 .040 .045 .040 .040 .045 .045 .045 .045 .040 .045 .045 .040 .045 .040 .040

.030 .030 .030 .030 .030 .15 min .030 .030 .030 .030 .030 .030 .030 .030 .030 .030 .030 .030 .030 .030 .030 .030

16.00/18.00 17.00/19.00 16.00/18.00 17.00/19.00 17.00/19.00 17.00/19.00 18.00/20.00 18.00/20.00 18.00/20.00 18.00/20.00 18.00/20.00 17.00/19.00 19.00/21.00 22.00/24.00 24.00/26.00 24.00/26.00 23.00/26.00 16.00/18.00 16.00/18.00 16.00/18.00 16.00/18.00 ..............

3.50/5.50 4.00/6.00 6.00/8.00 8.00/10.00 8.00/10.00 8.00/10.00 8.00/10.50 8.00/11.00 8.00/12.00 8.00/13.00 8.00/11.00 10.50/13.00 10.00/12.00 12.00/15.00 19.00/22.00 19.00/22.00 19.00/22.00 10.00/14.00 11.00/14.00 10.00/14.00 10.00/15.00 11.00/14.00

N = 0.25 max N = 0.25 max ............. ............. ............. Zr, Mo = .60 max* ............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. Mo=2.00/3.00 Mo=2.00/3.00 Mo=2.00/3.00 Mo=2.00/3.00 Mo=2.00/3.00

AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS - continued Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits

23

Type Number

C Max

Mn Max

Si Max

P Max

S Max

Cr

Ni

Others

TP317 321 TP321

.08 .08 .08

2.00 2.00 2.00

.75 1.00 .75

.040 .045 .040

.030 .030 .030

18.00/20.00 17.00/19.00 17.00/20.00

11.00/14.00 9.00/12.00 9.00/13.00

Mo=3.00/4.00 Ti = 5 x C min, .60 max Ti = 5 x C min, .60 max

TP321H 347 TP347

.04/.10 .08 .08

2.00 2.00 2.00

.75 1.00 .75

.040 .045 .040

.030 .030 .030

17.00/20.00 17.00/19.00 17.00/20.00

9.00/13.00 9.00/13.00 9.00/13.00

TP347H

.04/.10

2.00

.75

.040

.030

17.00/20.00

9.00/13.00

348

.08

2.00

1.00

.045

.030

17.00/19.00

9.00/13.00

TP348

.08

2.00

.75

.040

.030

17.00/20.00

9.00/13.00

TP348H

.04/.10

2.00

.75

.040

.030

17.00/20.00

9.00/13.00

384 385

.08 .08

2.00 2.00

1.00 1.00

.045 .045

.030 .030

15.00/17.00 11.50/13.50

17.00/19.00 14.00/16.00

Ti = 4 x C min, .60 max Cb +Ta=10 x C min Cb + Ta=10 x C min =1.00 max Cb + Ta=8 x C min =1.00 max Cb + Ta=10 x C min Ta=.10 max Cb + Ta=10 x C min Cb + Ta= 1.00 max Cb + Ta= 8 x C min Ta=.10 max Cb + Ta=1.00 max .............. ..............

H = Grades for high temperature service. TP = Tubular Products

CHROMIUM STAINLESS STEELS Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits Type Number

24

403 405 TP405 410 TP410 414 416 420 TP420 430 430F 431 440A 440B 440C TP443 501 502

C Max

Mn Max

Si Max

P Max

S Max

Cr

Ni

Others

.15 .08 .08 .15 .15 .15 .15 Over .15 Over .15 .12 .12 .20 .60/.75 .75/.95 .95/1.20 .20 Over .10 .10

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.25 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.25 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

.50 1.00 .75 1.00 .75 1.00 1.00 1.00 .75 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 .75 1.00 1.00

.040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .060 .040 .030 .040 .060 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040 .040

.030 .030 .030 .030 .030 .030 .150 min .030 .030 .030 .150 min .030 .030 .030 .030 .030 .030 .030

11.50/13.00 11.50/14.50 11.50/13.50 11.50/13.50 11.50/13.50 11.50/13.50 12.00/14.00 12.00/14.00 12.00/14.00 16.00/18.00 .............. 15.00/17.00 16.00/18.00 16.00/18.00 16.00/18.00 18.00/23.00 4.00/ 6.00 4.00/ 6.00

.............. .............. .50 max .............. .50 max 1.25/2.50 .............. .............. .50 max .............. .............. 1.25/2.50 .............. .............. .............. .50 max .............. .............

Turbine Quality AI=.10/.30 AI=.10/.30 .............. .............. .............. Zr, Mo= .60 max* .............. .............. .............. Mo= .60 max* .............. Mo=.75 max Mo=.75 max Mo=.75 max Cu =.90/1.25 Mo=.40/.65 Mo=.40/.65

Prefix TP denotes tubular products. Suffixes A, B and C denote differing carbon ranges for the same grade. F denotes a free machining grade. *At producer’s option, reported only when intentionally added.

SELECTED ASTM SPECIFICATIONS Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits ASTM Number A106*

A182

25

A192 A200

A209

Grade

C

Mn

Si

Cr

Ni

Mo

V

A B C F11 F12 A T4 T5† T7† T9† T11† T21† T22† T91** T1 T1b

.25 max .30 max .35 max .10/.20 .10/.20 .06/.18 .05/.15 .15 max .15 max .15 max .05/.15 .05/.15 .05/.15 .08/.12 .10/.20 .14 max

.27/.93 .29/1.06 .29/1.06 .30/.80 .30/.80 .27/.63 .30/.60 .30/.60 .30/.60 .30/.60 .30/.60 .30/.60 .30/.60 .30/.60 .30/.80 .30/.80

.10 min .10 min .10 min .50/1.00 .10/.60 .25 max .50/1.00 .50 max .50/1.00 .25/1.00 .50/1.00 .50 max .50 max .20/.50 .10/.50 .10/.50

.40 max .40 max .40 max 1.00/1.50 .80/ 1.25 ............. 2.15/2.85 4.00/6.00 6.00/8.00 8.00/10.00 1.00/1.50 2.65/3.35 1.90/2.60 8.00/9.00 ............. .............

.40 max .40 max .40 max ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. .40 max ............. .............

.15 max .15 max .15 max .44/.65 .44/.65 ............. .44/.65 .45/.65 .45/.65 .90/1.10 .44/.65 .80/1.06 .87/1.13 .85/1.05 .44/.65 .44/.65

.08 max .08 max .08 max

See current ASTM specifications for P & S limitations. † These grades also included in ASTM Specifications A213 and A335. * The combined elements of Cr, Ni, Mo, V and Cu must not exceed 1% ** Cb = .06/.10, N = .03/.07, Al = .04 max

.18/.25

SELECTED ASTM SPECIFICATIONS - continued Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits ASTM Number A210 A213

26

Grade

C

Mn

Si

Cr

Ni

Mo

A1 C T5b T5c T12 TP304H‡ TP310H‡ TP316H‡ TP321H‡ TP347H‡ TP348

.27 max .35 max .15 max .12 max .05/.15. 04/.10 .04/.10 .04/.10 .04/.10 .04/.10 .08 max

.93 max .29/1.06 .30/.60 .30/.60 30/.61 2.00 max 2.00 max 2.00 max 2.00 max 2.00 max 2.00 max

.10 min .10 min 1.00/2.00 .50 max .50 max .75 max .75 max .75 max .75 max .75 max .75 max

............. ............. 4.00/6.00 4.00/6.00 .80/1.25 18.00/20.00 24.00/26.00 16.00/18.00 17.00/20.00 17.00/20.00 17.00/20.00

............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 8.00/11.00 19.00/22.00 11.00/14.00 9.00/13.00 9.00/13.00 9.00/13.00

............. ............. .45/.65 .45/.65 .44/.65 ............. ............. 2.00/3.00 ............. ............. .............

See current ASTM specifications for P & S limitations ‡ These grades also included in ASTM Specifications A312 and A376.

Others

Ti = 4 x C min, .70 max

Ti = 4 x C min, .60 max Cb + Ta=8 x C min,1.00 max Cb + Ta=10 x C min, Ta=.10 max Cb + Ta=1.00 max

TIMKEN® TUBULAR HOLLOW DRILL STEELS Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits Type TDS-10® TDS-30® TDS-50® TDS-70® TDS-90®

C .72/.85 .17/.22 .27/.33 .25/.31 .23/.28

Mn .30/ .60 .45/ .65 .60/ .80 .80/1.20 .40/ .60

Si .............. .15/.30 .40/.70 .50/.80 .15/.30

Cr .............. .40/ .60 1.00/1.35 1.90/2.40 3.00/3.50

Ni .............. 1.65/2.00 1.85/2.25 .25 max. ..............

Mo .............. .20/.30 .35/.55 .25/.35 .45/.60

TIMKEN® OIL COUNTRY STEELS Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits

27

Type 4130M-5 4130M-6 4130M-7 4130M-8 4130M-9

C .25/.33 .25/.33 .25/.33 .25/.33 .25/.33

Mn .40/.70 .70/.90 .60/.90 .90/1.10 .40/.70

Si .............. .20/.35 .............. .20/.40 ..............

Cr .90/1.20 1.00/1.50 I.20/1.50 1.00/1.50 .90/1.20

Ni .............. .25 Max .............. .15 Max ..............

Mo .60/.75 .30/.40 .65/.75 .75/.85 .60/.75

Cb .02/.05 .02/.05 .02/.05 .02/.05

Other

V = .04/.08

P = .015 max, S = .005 max

TIMKEN® WELDABLE HIGH STRENGTH STEELS Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits Type WHS 100™ WHS 130™

C .13/.21 .20/.27

Mn 1.00/1.30 .60/ .80

TM = Trademark of The Timken Company

Si .15/.30 .15/.30

Cr .65/.90 .70/.90

Ni .40/.70 1.55/2.00

Mo .15/.25 .20/.30

V .03/.08 ..............

B .003 added ..............

TIMKEN® HIGH STRENGTH STEELS Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits Type

C

Mn

Si

Cr

Ni

Mo

V

HS-220-07 HS-220-18 HS-220-27 HS-220-28 HS-220-30 HS-250 HS-260

.27/.33 .23/.30 .28/.33 .32/.38 .33/.38 .37/.44 .38/.43

.60/.80 1.20/1.50 .75/1.00 .60/.80 .60/.90 .65/.90 .60/.80

.40/.70 1.30/1.70 .15/.30 .15/.30 .40/.60 .40/.60 .50/.70

1.00/1.35 .20/.40 .75/1.00 .65/.90 .65/.90 .80/1.10 1.00/1.35

1.85/2.25 1.65/2.00 1.65/2.00 1.65/2.00 1.65/2.00 .70/1.00 1.85/2.25

.35/.55 .35/.45 .35/.50 .30/.40 .30/.40 .30/.40 .35/.50

............ ............ .05/.10 .17/.23 .17/.23 ............ ............

28

TIMKEN® MICROALLOY STEELS Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits Type

C

Mn

V

Other

MicroTec 2W65 MicroTec 2W70 MicroTec 2W75 MicroTec 3W75 MicroTec 3M80A MicroTec 3M85 MicroTec4M85 MicroTec 4M90A MicroTec 4M95 MicroTec 5H90

.16/.20 .16/.20 .16/.22 .26/.30 .28/.33 .31/.35 .36/.40 .36/.41 .36/.40 .52/.57

1.20/1.40 1.40/1.60 1.30/1.70 1.00/1.30 1.30/1.50 1.30/1.50 1.20/1.40 1.10/1.30 1.30/1.50 .70/1.00

.06/.10 .07/.11 .10/.20 .13/.23 .08/.18 .10/.14 .04/.10 .10/.18 .08/.12 .05/.20

S=.025/.050 S=.030/.050 S = .030/.050, Si=.30/.50 S = .030/.050 S=.045 Max., Si = .50/.70, N = .012/.018 S=.025/.035

Unless specified:

P= 0.030 max., S=0.040 max., Si=0.15/0.35., Cr=0.20 max., Ni=0.25 max., Mo=0.06 max. and Cu=0.35 max.

TIMKEN® ALLOY STEELS FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE SERVICE Chemical Composition Range and Limits C

Mn

P Max

S Max

Si

Cr

Mo

ASTM No

.10/.20 .15 max .15 max .15 max .15 max .12 max .15 max .15 max .15 max .15 max .08/.12

.30/.80 .30/.60 .30/.60 .30/.60 .30/.60 .30/.60 .30/.60 .30/.60 .30/.60 .30/.60 .30/.60

.045 .030 .............. .030 .030 .030 .030 .030 .030 .030 .020

.045 .030 .............. .030 .030 .030 .030 .030 .030 .030 .010

.10/.50 .50/1.00 .50 max .50 max .50 max .50 max 1.00/2.00 1.00/1.50 .50/1.00 .25/1.00 .20/.50

.............. 1.00/1.50 .80/1.25 1.90/2.60 4.00/6.00 4.00/6.00 4.00/6.00 4.00/6.00 6.00/8.00 8.00/10.00 8.00/9.50

.44/.65 .44/.65 .44/.65 .87/1.13 .45/.65 .45/.65 .45/.65 .09/1.10 .45/.65 .90/1.10 .85/1.05

1 11 .............. 22 5 5c 5b .............. 7 9 91

Type .50Mo* DM® DM-2 2 1/4 Cr 1 Mo 5 Cr 1/2 Mo 5 Cr 1/2 Mo+Ti** 5 Cr 1/2 Mo+Si 5 Cr 1 Mo+Si 7 Cr 1/2 Mo 9 Cr 1 Mo T9***

*.50 Mo steel also available with .08/.14 C.

** Ti =4 x C min, .70 max

*** Ni =.40 max, V =.18/.25, Cb =.06/.10, N =.03/.07, Al =.04 max

29

TIMKEN® HIGH TEMPERATURE ENGINEERING STEELS Chemical Composition Ranges C

Mn

P Max

S Max

Si

Cr

Mo

V

AMS No

.41/.48 .28/.33 .25/.30

.45/.65 .45/.65 .60/.90

.030 .030 .030

.030 .030 .030

.55/.75 .55/.75 .55/.75

1.00/1.50 1.00/1.50 1.00/1.50

.40/.60 .40/.60 .40/.60

.20/.30 .20/.30 .75/.95

.............. 6302 6303

Type ®

17-22-A 17-22-AS® 17-22-AV®

TIMKEN® TUBING FOR POLYETHYLENE PRODUCTION Chemical Composition Ranges Type

C

Mn

Cr

Ni

Mo

4333M4 4333M6

.30/.38 .30/.38

.70/1.00 .70/1.00

.70/.90 .80/1.20

1.65/2.00 2.00/2.50

.35/.45 .50/.65

TIMKEN® SPECIAL BEARING STEELS Chemical Composition Ranges and Limits

30

Type C 52100* .98/1.10 ASTM-A485-1(#1 Mod.)a .90/1.05 ASTM-A485-2(#2 Mod.) .85/1.00 .95/1.10 ASTM-A485-3(T-1)a .95/1.10 ASTM-A485-4(T-2)a b TBS-600 .95/1.10 ™c CBS-600 .16/.22 ™ d .10/.16 CBS1000M ™ CBS-50NiL** .11/.15 e TBA-2 .70/.80 M-50 .77/.85 440C .95/1.20 ® .89/1.01 TBS-9 * 52100 shown for reference purposes only ** Max Cu .10, Co .25, W .25, P .015, S .010 a

Deep hardening steels.

Mn .25/.45 .95/1.25 1.40/1.70 .65/.90 1.05/1.35 .60/.80 .40/.70 .40/.60 .15/.35 1.05/1.35 .35 max. 1.00 max. .50/.80

Si .15/.35 .45/.75 .50/.80 .15/.35 .15/.35 .85/1.20 .90/1.25 .40/.60 .10/.25 .15/.35 .25 max. 1.00 max. .15/.35

Cr 1.30/1.60 .90/1.20 1.40/1.80 1.10/1.50 1.10/1.50 1.25/1.65 1.25/1.65 .90/1.20 4.00/4.25 .90/1.20 3.75/4.25 16.00/18.00 .40/.60

Ni .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. 2.75/3.25 3.20/3.60 1.30/1.65 .10 max. .............. .25 max.

b c

Through hardening steel for service up to 600 F. Carburizing steel for service up to 600 F.

d

Carburizing steel for service up to 1000 F.

e

™

Mo .............. .............. .............. .20/.30 .45/.60 .25/.35 .90/1.10 4.00/5.00 4.00/4.50 1.20/1.40 4.00/4.50 .75 max. .08/.15

V .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .25/.50 1.13/1.33 .............. .90/1.10 .............. ..............

Through hardening steel can be air quenched. Trademark of The Timken Company

TIMKEN® GRAPHITIC TOOL STEELS Chemical Composition Nominal Type Graph-Mo® Graph-Air®

C

Mn

P

S

Si

Cr

Ni

Mo

W

AI

AISI

1.40 1.35

.85 1.80

.025 .025

.025 .025

.90 1.20

............ ............

............ 1.85

.25 1.50

............ ............

............ ............

O-6 A-10

Note: See Latrobe Section for other tool and die steels.

TIMKEN LATROBE HIGH SPEED STEELS Nominal Chemical Analyses AISI Type

31

M1 M2 M2 H.C. M31 M32 M4 M7 M7 M10 M33 M34 M36 M42 M50 M52 T1 T5 T15

Latrobe Grade Tatmo™ Double Six™ HS29 XL® Corsair™ Crusader™ Stark™ Tatmo-V™ Tatmo-VN™ TNW™ Kelvan™ Tatmo Cobalt™ CO-6™ Dynamax™ CM - 50™ CM - 52™ E. No. 1™ Super Cobalt™ Dynavan™

C

Si

Mn

W

Cr

V

Mo

Co

Other

.83 .85 .98 1.02 1.20 1.32 1.00 1.02 .87 .88 .90 .88 1.08 .84 .89 .75 .85 1.57

.30 .30 .30 .25 .25 .25 .35 .40 .25 .30 .30 .30 .50 .50 .45 .30 .30 .25

.30 .30 .30 .25 .25 .25 .25 .30 .25 .25 .25 .30 .25 .30 .25 .25 .30 .25

1.75 6.15 6.25 6.00 6.00 5.35 1.60 1.75 .75 1.75 1.50 5.75 1.50

3.75 4.15 4.15 4.00 4.10 4.50 3.75 3.75 4.00 3.75 3.75 4.10 3.85 4.10 4.00 4.10 4.10 4.00

1.15 1.85 1.85 2.40 3.00 3.85 2.00 1.90 1.90 1.15 2.05 1.85 1.20 1.00 1.85 1.10 1.90 5.00

8.50 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 4.40 8.55 8.50 8.00 9.55 8.00 4.90 9.50 4.25 4.50

............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. .............

............. .............

TM - Trademark of Latrobe Steel Company

............. 1.10 18.00 18.75 12.25

............. ............. .............

8.25 8.25 7.60 8.00

............. ............. ............. 8.25 5.00

Alloy Sulfides

............. ............. ............. ............. Nitrogen ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. .............

TIMKEN LATROBE COLD WORK DIE STEELS Nominal Chemical Composition

AISI Latrobe Type Grade

32

D2 D3 D5 D7 A2 A6 A7 A8 A10 O1 O6 L6 S1 S5 S7 ...... ...... 4142

Olympic™ GSN® RipTide™ BR-4® Select B™ Lesco® A-6 BR-3® MGR™ Graph-Air® Badger™ Graph-Mo® Montana™ XL Chisel™ Lanark™ Bearcat® Staminal® Chipper Knife Brake Die*

*Prehardened

C

Si

Mn

W

Cr

V

Mo

Ni

Other

1.50 2.15 1.50 2.30 1.00 .70 2.80 .55 1.35 .94 1.40 .70 .53 .61 .50 .55 .50 .42

.30 .40 .50 .40 .30 .30 .30 .95 1.20 .30 .90 .25 .25 1.90 .25 1.00 .95 .30

.30 .40 .35 .40 .75 2.00 .70 .30 1.80 1.20 .85 .60 .25 .90 .75 .90 .45 .90

............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 1.25 ............. .50 ............. ............. 2.00 ............. ............. ............. ............. .............

12.00 12.25 11.65 12.50 5.00 1.00 5.25 5.00 ............. .50 ............. .70 1.35 .18 3.25 .40 8.00 1.00

.90 .25 ............. 4.00 .25 ............. 4.50 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. .25 .28 ............. .13 .45 .............

.75 ............. .80 1.10 1.00 1.25 1.10 1.25 1.50 ............. .25 ............. ............. 1.25 1.40 .45 1.30 .20

............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 1.85 ............. ............. 1.40 ............. ............. ............. 2.70 ............. .............

............. ............. Co = 2.80 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. .............

TM -Trademark of Latrobe Steel Company

TIMKEN LATROBE HOT WORK DIE STEELS Nominal Chemical Composition AISI Latrobe Type Grade

33

H10 H11 H12 H13 H13 H14 H21 ........ ........ P21

C

Dart™ .42 Dycast No.1™ .40 LPD® .35 VDC®, VDC®-RF .40 Viscount* .40 Lumdie® .40 CLW™ .33 Koncor™ 1.10 HW108™ .35 Cascade™ .20

Si

Mn

W

Cr

V

Mo

Ni

Other

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 .45 1.00 1.00 .30

.55 .30 .30 .40 .80 .25 .25 .35 .30 .30

............. ............. 1.30 ............. ............. 4.75 9.15 ............. ............. .............

3.15 5.00 5.00 5.25 5.25 5.25 3.30 5.25 3.50 .25

.35 .50 .30 1.00 1.00 ............. .45 4.00 .75 .20

2.15 1.30 1.40 1.35 1.35 ............. ............. 1.10 2.50 .............

............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 4.10

............. ............. ............. .............

* The Viscount grade series is VDC containing alloy sulfides for improved machinability. Viscount 20 is supplied annealed and Viscount 44 is supplied prehardened.

Alloy Sulfides

............. ............. ............. Co = 3.00 Al = 1.20

TM - Trademark of Latrobe Steel Company

COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES FOR THE SELECTION AND USE OF HIGH SPEED STEELS AISI Type

Latrobe Grade

Relative Wear Resistance

34

M1

Tatmo

M2

Double Six

M31

Corsair

M32

Crusader

M4

Stark

M7

™ ™

™ ™

™

Tatmo-VN

M10

TNW

M36

CO-6

M42

Dynamax

™ ™ ™

T1

E. No. 1

T5

Super Cobalt

T15

Dynavan

™ ™

™

TM - Trademark of Latrobe Steel Company

Relative Toughness

Relative Grindability

Relative Red Hardness

COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES FOR THE SELECTION AND USE OF HOT WORK DIE STEELS AISI Type

Latrobe Grade Name

H10

Dart

H11

Dycast No.1

™ ™

35

H12

LPD

H13

VDC®, VDC®- RF

H13*

Viscount 20 and Viscount 44

H14

Lumdie

-

Koncor

H21

CLW

P21

Cascade

™

™ ™

* with alloy sulfides TM - Trademark of Latrobe Steel Company

Relative Heat Resistance

Relative Toughness

Relative Wear Resistance

COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES FOR THE SELECTION AND USE OF COLD WORK DIE STEELS AISI Type

Latrobe Grade

D2

Olympic

D3

GSN®

D7

BR-4®

™

36

A2

Select B

O6

Graph-Mo®

O1 A10 A8

Relative Wear Resistance

™

Badger

™

Graph-Air® MGR

™

A6

Lesco® A-6

-

Staminal®

S7

Bearcat®

TM - Trademark of Latrobe Steel Company

Relative Toughness

Relative Machinability

Ability To Hold Size During Heat Treat.

COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES FOR THE SELECTION AND USE OF SHOCK STEELS AISI Type

Latrobe Grade

-

Staminal®

A8

37

S1

MGR

™

-

S5

Lanark

S7

Bearcat®

L6 H13

™

Montana

™

VDC®

TM - Trademark of Latrobe Steel Company

Relative Toughness

Relative Wear Resistance

Size Stability During Heat Treat.

END-QUENCH HARDENABILITY BANDS Tabulations of Band Limits – 1038 H to 15B21 H These values were adjusted to the nearest Rockwell "C" point, and are used when points are selected and specified

"J" Distance Sixteenths of an inch

38

1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28

GRADE 1038 H Max. 58 56 55 53 49 43 37 33 30 29 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 23 21 .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

Min. 51 42 34 29 26 24 23 22 22 21 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

1045 H Max. 62 61 59 56 52 46 38 34 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 27 26 .... .... .... .... .... ....

Min. 55 52 42 34 31 29 28 27 26 26 25 25 25 24 24 23 22 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

1522 H Max. 50 48 47 46 45 42 39 37 34 32 30 28 27 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

Min. 41 41 32 27 22 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

1524 H Max. 51 49 48 47 45 43 39 38 35 34 32 30 29 28 27 26 25 23 22 .... .... .... .... .... ... ....

Min. 42 42 38 34 29 25 22 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

1526 H Max. 53 50 49 47 46 42 39 37 33 31 30 28 27 26 26 24 24 23 .... .... ... .... .... .... .... ....

Min. 44 42 38 33 26 25 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

1541 H Max. 60 59 59 58 57 56 55 53 52 50 48 46 44 41 39 35 33 32 31 30 .... .... .... .... .... ....

Min. 53 52 50 47 44 41 38 35 32 29 27 26 25 24 23 23 22 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

15B21 H Max. 48 48 47 47 46 45 44 42 40 38 32 27 22 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

Min. 41 41 40 39 38 36 30 23 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

“J” Distance Sixteenths of an inch 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28

END-QUENCH HARDENABILITY BANDS Tabulations of Band Limits – 15B28 H to 1330 H These values were adjusted to the nearest Rockwell "C" point, and are used when points are selected and specified

"J" Distance Sixteenths 15B28 H of an inch Max. Min.

39

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

53 53 52 51 51 50 49 48 46 43 40 37 34 31 30 29 27 25 25 24 23 22 21 20

47 47 46 45 42 32 25 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

GRADE 15B30 H Max. 55 53 52 51 50 48 43 38 33 29 27 26 25 24 23 22 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

Min. 48 47 46 44 32 22 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

15B35 H Max. 58 56 55 54 53 51 47 41 .... 30 .... 27 .... 26 .... 25 .... 24 .... 22 .... 20 .... ....

15B37 H

Max. Min. 58 51 50 56 49 55 48 54 39 53 28 52 24 51 22 50 .... .... 20 . 45 .... .... .... 40 .... .... .... 33 .... .... .... 29 .... .... .... 27 .... .... .... 25 .... .... .... 23 .... .... .... ....

Min. 50 50 49 48 43 37 33 26 .... 22 .... 21 .... 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

15B41 H Max. 60 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 55 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 46 42 39 36 34 33 31 31

Min. 53 52 52 51 51 50 49 48 44 37 32 28 26 25 25 24 23 22 21 21 20 .... .... ....

15B48 H

Max.

Min.

63 62 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 53 51 48 45 41 38 34 32 31 30 29 29 28 28

56 56 55 54 53 52 42 34 31 30 29 28 27 27 26 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 .... ....

15B62 H Max. .... .... .... .... 65 65 64 64 64 63 63 3 62 62 61 60 58 54 48 43 40 37 35 34

Min. 60 60 60 60 59 58 57 52 43 39 37 35 35 34 33 33 32 31 30 30 29 28 27 26

1330 H Max. 56 56 55 53 52 50 48 45 43 42 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 31 31 30 30

Min. 49 47 44 40 35 31 28 26 25 23 22 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

“J” Distance Sixteenths of an inch 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

END-QUENCH HARDENABILITY BANDS Tabulations of Band Limits – 1335 H to 4037 H These values were adjusted to the nearest Rockwell "C" point, and are used when points are selected and specified

"J" Distance Sixteenths of an inch

40

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

GRADE 1340 H

1335 H Max. 58 57 56 55 54 52 50 48 46 44 42 41 40 39 38 37 35 34 33 32 31 31 30 30

Min. 51 49 47 44 38 34 31 29 27 26 25 24 23 22 22 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

Max. 60 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 52 51 50 48 46 44 42 41 39 38 37 36 35 35 34 34

* Formerly Standard Steels

Min. 53 52 51 49 46 40 35 33 31 29 28 27 26 25 25 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20

1345 H Max. 63 63 62 61 61 60 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 49 48 47 46 45 45 45 45

Min. 56 56 55 54 51 44 38 35 33 32 31 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24

3310 H* Max. 43 43 42 42 42 42 41 41 41 40 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 37 36 36 36 35 35

Min. 36 36 35 35 34 33 32 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 26 26 25 25 25 25

3316 H* Max. 47 47 47 46 46 46 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 44 44 44 44 43 43 43 42 42 42 41

Min. 40 39 38 38 37 37 36 35 34 33 33 32 32 32 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 30 30 30

4028 H Max. 52 50 46 40 34 30 28 26 25 25 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 .... .... .... .... ....

Min. 45 40 31 25 22 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

4032 H Max. 57 54 51 46 39 34 31 29 28 26 26 25 24 24 23 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 .... ....

Min. 50 45 36 29 25 23 22 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

4037 H Max. 59 57 54 51 45 38 34 32 30 29 28 27 26 26 26 25 25 25 25 24 24 24 23 23

Min. 52 49 42 35 30 26 23 22 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

“J” Distance Sixteenths of an inch 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

END-QUENCH HARDENABILITY BANDS Tabulations of Band Limits – 4042 H to 4142 H These values were adjusted to the nearest Rockwell "C" point, and are used when points are selected and specified

"J" Distance Sixteenths of an inch

41

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

GRADE 4042 H

Max. Min. 62 60 58 55 50 45 39 36 34 33 32 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 28 27 27 27 26 26

55 52 48 40 33 29 27 26 25 24 24 23 23 23 22 22 22 21 20 20 .... .... .... ....

4047 H Max. 64 62 60 58 55 52 47 43 40 38 37 35 34 33 33 32 31 30 30 30 30 29 29 29

Min. 57 55 50 42 35 32 30 28 28 27 26 26 25 25 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21

4118 H Max. 48 46 41 35 31 28 27 25 24 23 22 21 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

Min. 41 36 27 23 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

4130 H Max. 56 55 53 51 49 47 44 42 40 38 36 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 32 31 31 30 30 29

Min. 49 46 42 38 34 31 29 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 21 20 .... .... .... .... ....

4135 H Max. 58 58 57 56 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 42 41 40 39 38 38 37

Min. 51 50 49 48 47 45 42 40 38 36 34 33 32 31 30 30 29 28 27 27 27 26 26 26

4137 H Max. 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 55 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 46 45 44 43 42 42 41 41

Min. 52 51 50 49 49 48 45 43 40 39 37 36 35 34 33 33 32 31 30 30 30 29 29 29

4140 H Max. 60 60 60 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 56 55 55 54 54 53 52 51 49 48 47 46 45 44

Min. 53 53 52 51 51 50 48 47 44 42 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30

4142 H Max. 62 62 62 61 61 61 60 60 60 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 55 54 53 53 52 51 51 50

Min. 55 55 54 53 53 52 51 50 49 47 46 44 42 41 40 39 37 36 35 34 34 34 33 33

“J” Distance Sixteenths of an inch 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

END-QUENCH HARDENABILITY BANDS Tabulations of Band Limits – 4145 H to 4620 H These values were adjusted to the nearest Rockwell "C" point, and are used when points are selected and specified

"J" Distance Sixteenths of an inch

42

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

GRADE 4145 H Max. 63 63 62 62 62 61 61 61 60 60 60 59 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 55 55 55 55 54

Min. 56 55 55 54 53 53 52 52 51 50 49 48 46 45 43 42 40 38 37 36 35 35 34 34

4147 H Max. 64 64 64 64 63 63 63 63 63 62 62 62 61 61 60 60 59 59 58 57 57 57 56 56

Min. 57 57 56 56 55 55 55 54 54 53 52 51 49 48 46 45 42 40 39 38 37 37 37 36

4150 H Max. 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 64 64 64 64 63 63 62 62 62 61 60 59 59 58 58 58 58

Min. 59 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 56 55 54 53 51 50 48 47 45 43 41 40 39 38 38 38

4161 H Max. 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 64 64 64 64 64 64 63 63 63 63 63 63 63

Min. 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 59 59 59 59 58 58 57 56 55 53 50 48 45 43 42 41

4320 H Max. 48 47 45 43 41 38 36 34 33 31 30 29 28 27 27 26 25 25 24 24 24 24 24

Min. 41 38 35 32 29 27 25 23 22 21 20 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

4340 H Max. 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 59 59 59 58 58 58 58 57 57 57 57 56 56 56

Min. 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 52 52 52 51 51 50 49 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40

E 4340 H Max. 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 59 59 59 58 58 58 57 57 57 57 57

Min. 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 52 52 52 52 51 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44

4620 H Max. 48 45 42 39 34 31 29 27 26 25 24 23 22 22 22 21 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... ....

Min. 41 35 27 24 21 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

“J” Distance Sixteenths of an inch 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

END-QUENCH HARDENABILITY BANDS Tabulations of Band Limits – 4626 H to 50B44 H These values were adjusted to the nearest Rockwell "C" point, and are used when points are selected and specified

"J" Distance Sixteenths of an inch

GRADE 4626 H*

43

Max. Min. 1 51 45 48 36 2 41 29 3 33 24 4 29 21 5 27 .... 6 25 .... 7 24 .... 8 23 .... 9 22 .... 10 22 .... 11 21 .... 12 21 .... 13 20 .... 14 .... .... 15 .... .... 16 .... .... 18 .... .... 20 .... .... 22 .... .... 24 .... .... 26 .... .... 28 .... .... 30 .... .... 32 * Formerly Standard Steel

4718 H Max. 47 47 45 43 40 37 35 33 32 31 30 29 29 28 27 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 24

Min. 40 40 38 33 29 27 25 24 23 22 22 21 21 21 20 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

4720 H Max. 48 47 43 39 35 32 29 28 27 26 25 24 24 23 23 22 21 21 21 20 .... .... .... ....

Min. 41 39 31 27 23 21 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

4815 H Max. 45 44 44 42 41 39 37 35 33 31 30 29 28 28 27 27 26 25 24 24 24 23 23 23

Min. 38 37 34 30 27 24 22 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

4817 H Max. 46 46 45 44 42 41 39 37 35 33 32 31 30 29 28 28 27 26 25 25 25 25 24 24

Min. 39 38 35 32 29 27 25 23 22 21 20 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

4820 H Max. 48 48 47 46 45 43 42 40 39 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25

Min. 41 40 39 38 34 31 29 27 26 25 24 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 .... .... .... .... .... ....

50B40 H Max. 60 60 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 55 53 51 49 47 44 41 38 36 35 34 33 32 30 29

Min. 53 53 52 51 50 48 44 39 34 31 29 28 27 26 25 25 23 21 .... .... .... .... .... ....

“J” Distance Sixteenths 50B44 H Max. Min. of an inch 63 63 62 62 61 61 60 60 59 58 57 56 54 52 50 48 44 40 38 37 36 35 34 33

56 56 55 55 54 52 48 43 38 34 31 30 29 29 28 27 26 24 23 21 20 .... .... ....

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

END-QUENCH HARDENABILITY BANDS Tabulations of Band Limits – 5046 H to 5135 H These values were adjusted to the nearest Rockwell "C" point, and are used when points are selected and specified

"J" Distance 5046 H Sixteenths of an inch Max. Min.

44

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

63 62 60 56 52 46 39 35 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 23

56 55 45 32 28 27 26 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

GRADE 50B46 H Max. 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 54 51 47 43 40 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28

Min. 56 54 52 50 41 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 26 25 25 24 23 22 21 20 .... .... .... ....

50B50 H Max. 65 65 64 64 63 63 62 62 61 60 60 59 58 57 56 54 50 47 44 41 39 38 37 36

Min. 59 59 58 57 56 55 52 47 42 37 35 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 22 21 20

50B60 H Max. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 65 65 64 64 64 63 63 63 62 60 58 55 53 51 49 47 44

Min. 60 60 60 60 60 59 57 53 47 42 39 37 36 35 34 34 33 31 30 29 28 27 26 25

5120 H Max. 48 46 41 36 33 30 28 27 25 24 23 22 21 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

Min. 40 34 28 23 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

5130 H Max. 56 55 53 51 49 47 45 42 40 38 37 36 35 34 34 33 32 31 30 29 27 26 25 24

Min. 49 46 42 39 35 32 30 28 26 25 23 22 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

5132 H Max. 57 56 54 52 50 48 45 42 40 38 37 36 35 34 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25

Min. 50 47 43 40 35 32 29 27 25 24 23 22 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

5135 H Max. 58 57 56 55 54 52 50 47 45 43 41 40 39 38 37 37 36 35 34 33 32 32 31 30

Min. 51 49 47 43 38 35 32 30 28 27 25 24 23 22 21 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

“J” Distance Sixteenths of an inch 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

END-QUENCH HARDENABILITY BANDS Tabulations of Band Limits – 5140 H to 6150 H These values were adjusted to the nearest Rockwell "C" point, and are used when points are selected and specified

"J" Distance Sixteenths of an inch

45

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

GRADE 5140 H Max. 60 59 58 57 56 54 52 50 48 46 45 43 42 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 34 33 33 32

Min. 53 52 50 48 43 38 35 33 31 30 29 28 27 27 26 25 24 23 21 20 .... .... .... ....

5147 H Max. 64 64 63 62 62 61 61 60 60 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48

Min. 57 56 55 54 53 52 49 45 40 37 35 34 33 32 32 31 30 29 27 26 25 24 22 21

5150 H Max. 65 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 56 55 53 51 50 48 47 45 43 42 41 40 39 39 38

Min. 59 58 57 56 53 49 42 38 36 34 33 32 31 31 30 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22

5155 H Max. .... 65 64 64 63 63 62 62 61 60 59 57 55 52 51 49 47 45 44 43 42 41 41 40

Min. 60 59 58 57 55 52 47 41 37 36 35 34 34 33 33 32 31 31 30 29 28 27 26 25

5160 H Max. .... .... .... 65 65 64 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 56 54 52 48 47 46 45 44 43 43 42

Min. 60 60 60 59 58 56 52 47 42 39 37 36 35 35 34 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 28 27

51B60 H Max. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 65 65 64 64 63 61 59 57 55 53 51 49 47

Min. 60 60 60 60 60 59 58 57 54 50 44 41 40 39 38 37 36 34 33 31 30 28 27 25

6118 H Max. 46 44 38 33 30 28 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 .... .... .... ....

Min. 39 36 28 24 22 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

6150 H Max. 65 65 64 64 63 63 62 61 61 60 59 58 57 55 54 52 50 48 47 46 45 44 43 42

Min. 59 58 57 56 55 53 50 47 43 41 39 38 37 36 35 35 34 32 31 30 29 27 26 25

“J” Distance Sixteenths of an inch 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

END-QUENCH HARDENABILITY BANDS Tabulations of Band Limits – 81B45 H to 86B30 H These values were adjusted to the nearest Rockwell "C" point, and are used when points are selected and specified

"J" Distance Sixteenths of an inch

46

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

GRADE 81B45 H Max. 63 63 63 63 63 63 62 62 61 60 60 59 58 57 57 56 55 53 52 50 49 47 45 43

Min. 56 56 56 56 55 54 53 51 48 44 41 39 38 37 36 35 34 32 31 30 29 28 28 27

8617 H Max. 46 44 41 38 34 31 28 27 26 25 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... ....

Min. 39 33 27 24 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

8620 H Max. 48 47 44 41 37 34 32 30 29 28 27 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 23 23 23 22 22 22

Min. 41 37 32 27 23 21 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

8622 H Max. 50 49 47 44 40 37 34 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 24 24 24 24 24

Min. 43 39 34 30 26 24 22 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

8625 H Max. 52 51 48 46 43 40 37 35 33 32 31 30 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 26 26 25 25 25

Min. 45 41 36 32 29 27 25 23 22 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

8627 H Max. 54 52 50 48 45 43 40 38 36 34 33 32 31 30 30 29 28 28 28 27 27 27 27 27

Min. 47 43 38 35 32 29 27 26 24 24 23 22 21 21 20 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

8630 H Max. 56 55 54 52 50 47 44 41 39 37 35 34 33 33 32 31 30 30 29 29 29 29 29 29

Min. 49 46 43 39 35 32 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 .... .... .... .... ....

86B30 H Max. 56 55 55 55 54 54 53 53 52 52 52 51 51 50 50 49 48 47 45 44 43 41 40 39

Min. 49 49 48 48 48 48 48 47 46 44 42 40 39 38 36 35 34 32 31 29 28 27 26 25

“J” Distance Sixteenths of an inch 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

END-QUENCH HARDENABILITY BANDS Tabulations of Band Limits – 8637 H to 8660 H These values were adjusted to the nearest Rockwell "C" point, and are used when points are selected and specified

"J" Distance Sixteenths of an inch

47

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

GRADE 8637 H Max. 59 58 58 57 56 55 54 53 51 49 47 46 44 43 41 40 39 37 36 36 35 35 35 35

Min. 52 51 50 48 45 42 39 36 34 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 25 24 24 24 24 23 23

8640 H Max. 60 60 60 59 59 58 57 55 54 52 50 49 47 45 44 42 41 39 38 38 37 37 37 37

Min. 53 53 52 51 49 46 42 39 36 34 32 31 30 29 28 28 26 26 25 25 24 24 24 24

8642 H Max. 62 62 62 61 61 60 59 58 57 55 54 52 50 49 48 46 44 42 41 40 40 39 39 39

Min. 55 54 53 52 50 48 45 42 39 37 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 26 26

8645 H Max. 63 63 63 63 62 61 61 60 59 58 56 55 54 52 51 49 47 45 43 42 42 41 41 41

Min. 56 56 55 54 52 50 48 45 41 39 37 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 28 27 27 27 27

86B45 H Max. 63 63 62 62 62 61 61 60 60 60 59 59 59 59 58 58 58 58 57 57 57 57 56 56

Min. 56 56 55 54 54 53 52 52 51 51 50 50 49 48 46 45 42 39 37 35 34 32 32 31

8650 H Max. 65 65 65 64 64 63 63 62 61 60 60 59 58 58 57 56 55 53 52 50 49 47 46 45

Min. 59 58 57 57 56 54 53 50 47 44 41 39 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 31 30 30 29 29

8655 H Max. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 65 65 64 64 63 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 53

Min. 60 59 59 58 57 56 55 54 52 49 46 43 41 40 39 38 37 35 34 34 33 33 32 32

8660 H Max. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 65 64 64 63 62 62 61 60 60

Min. 60 60 60 60 60 59 58 57 55 53 50 47 45 44 43 42 40 39 38 37 36 36 35 35

“J” Distance Sixteenths of an inch 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

END-QUENCH HARDENABILITY BANDS Tabulations of Band Limits – 8720 H to 94B30 H These values were adjusted to the nearest Rockwell "C" point, and are used when points are selected and specified

"J" Distance Sixteenths of an inch

48

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

GRADE 8720 H Max. 48 47 45 42 38 35 33 31 30 29 28 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 23 23 22 22

Min. 41 38 35 30 26 24 22 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

8740 H Max. 60 60 60 60 59 58 57 56 55 53 52 50 49 48 46 45 43 42 41 40 39 39 38 38

Min. 53 53 52 51 49 46 43 40 37 35 34 32 31 31 30 29 28 28 27 27 27 27 26 26

8822 H Max. 50 49 48 46 43 40 37 35 34 33 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 27 27 27 27 27 27

Min. 43 42 39 33 29 27 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 22 21 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

9260 H Max. .... .... 65 64 63 62 60 58 55 52 49 47 45 43 42 40 38 37 36 36 35 35 35 34

Min. 60 60 57 53 46 41 38 36 36 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28

9310 H Max. 43 43 43 42 42 42 42 41 40 40 39 38 37 36 36 35 35 35 34 34 34 34 33 33

Min. 36 35 35 34 32 31 30 29 28 27 27 26 26 26 26 26 26 25 25 25 25 25 24 24

94B15 H Max. 45 45 44 44 43 42 40 38 36 34 33 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 23 22 22 22

Min. 38 38 37 36 32 28 25 23 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

94B17 H Max. 46 46 45 45 44 43 42 41 40 38 36 34 33 32 31 30 28 27 26 25 24 24 23 23

Min. 39 39 38 37 34 29 26 24 23 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

94B30 H Max. 56 56 55 55 54 54 53 53 52 52 51 51 50 49 48 46 44 42 40 38 37 35 34 34

Min. 49 49 48 48 47 46 44 42 39 37 34 32 30 29 28 27 25 24 23 23 22 21 21 20

“J” Distance Sixteenths of an inch 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

RESTRICTED END-QUENCH HARDENABILITY BANDS Tabulations of Band Limits – 15B21 RH to 4130 RH These values were adjusted to the nearest Rockwell “C” point, and are used when points are selected and specified.

“J” Distance Sixteenths of an inch

49

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

GRADE 15B21 RH Max 47 46 44 42 37 30 24 22 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

Min 42 41 39 33 24 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ..... ....

15B35 RH Max 57 55 54 53 50 46 42 36 32 28 .... 25 .... 24 .... 23 .... 22 .... 20 .... .... .... ....

Min 52 51 50 49 41 33 28 24 23 21 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

3310 RH Max 42 42 42 41 41 41 40 40 39 39 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 35 34 34 34

Min 37 37 37 36 36 35 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 27 26 26 26

4027 RH Max 51 48 43 37 32 28 26 24 23 22 22 21 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

Min 46 42 34 28 24 22 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

4118 RH Max 47 44 38 33 29 27 25 24 23 22 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

Min 42 38 30 25 22 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

4120 RH Max 47 45 41 38 34 31 29 28 26 25 24 23 23 22 22 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

Min 42 39 35 30 26 24 22 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

4130 RH Max 55 54 52 49 46 44 41 39 37 35 33 32 32 31 31 31 30 30 30 29 29 28 28 27

Min 50 48 44 40 36 34 32 30 28 27 26 26 26 25 25 25 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20

“J” Distance Sixteenths of an inch 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

RESTRICTED END-QUENCH HARDENABILITY BANDS Tabulations of Band Limits – 4140 RH to 50B40 RH “J” Distance Sixteenths of an inch

50

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

These values were adjusted to the nearest Rockwell “C” point, and are used when points are selected and specified. GRADE 4140 RH Max 59 59 59 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 52 51 50 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41

Min 54 54 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 46 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 37 36 35 35 34 33

4145 RH Max 62 62 61 61 60 60 59 59 58 58 58 57 57 56 56 55 54 53 52 51 51 50 50 49

Min 57 57 56 56 55 55 54 53 52 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 44 43 42 40 40 39 38 37

4161 RH Max 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 64 64 64 63 63 62 62 61 60 59 58 57 57

Min 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 59 59 59 58 57 56 54 53 51 49 47 46 45

4320 RH Max 47 46 44 41 39 36 34 32 31 29 28 26 25 24 24 23 22 22 21 21 21 21 21 21

Min 42 40 37 34 31 29 27 25 24 23 22 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

4620 RH Max 47 44 40 37 32 29 27 25 24 23 22 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

Min 42 37 30 27 24 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

4820 RH Max 47 47 46 45 43 41 40 38 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 25 25 24 23

Min 42 42 41 40 36 33 32 30 28 27 26 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 20 20 .... .... ....

50B40 RH Max 59 59 58 58 57 56 55 54 52 50 49 47 45 44 41 38 36 34 33 32 31 30 29 28

Min 54 54 53 53 52 50 47 43 38 35 33 32 31 30 29 28 26 24 23 22 21 20 .... ....

“J” Distance Sixteenths of an inch 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

RESTRICTED END-QUENCH HARDENABILITY BANDS Tabulations of Band Limits – 5130 RH to 9310 RH These values were adjusted to the nearest Rockwell “C” point, and are used when points are selected and specified.

“J” Distance 5130 RH Sixteenths Min of an inch Max

51

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

55 53 51 49 46 44 42 39 37 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21

50 47 44 41 37 35 33 31 29 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

GRADE 5140 RH Max 59 58 57 55 53 51 48 46 44 43 41 40 39 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 30 29 29

Min 54 53 51 49 45 41 38 36 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 ....

5160 RH Max 65 65 65 65 64 63 62 60 58 56 55 53 51 50 48 47 44 43 42 41 40 39 39 38

Min 60 60 60 59 58 57 54 50 45 42 40 39 38 37 36 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 29

8620 RH Max 47 45 41 38 34 31 29 28 26 25 24 23 23 22 22 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

Min 42 39 35 30 26 24 22 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

8622 RH Max 49 47 45 41 38 35 32 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 22 22 22 22 22

Min 44 41 37 32 29 27 24 22 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

8720 RH Max 47 45 43 40 36 33 31 29 28 27 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 20 .... .... ....

Min 42 39 37 32 28 26 24 23 22 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

8822 RH Max 49 48 47 43 40 37 35 33 32 31 30 30 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 26 26 25 25 25

Min 44 43 40 35 31 29 27 26 25 25 24 23 23 23 22 22 21 20 .... .... .... .... .... ....

9310 RH Max 42 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 38 37 37 36 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 32 32 32 31 31

Min 37 36 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 29 28 28 28 28 27 27 26 26 26 26 26 25 25

“J” Distance Sixteenths of an inch 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

INTRODUCTION TO JOMINY CORRELATION WITH ROUND BARS The following correlation of Jominy values with quenching severity and surface to center hardnesses obtainable in round bars is based on calculated and practical experience data. Since practical heat treatment results are subject to several variables that are always difficult to determine, i.e., surface condition of piece being quenched, furnace atmosphere, and quenching severity of the coolant, the metallurgist or heat treater may find some differences in applying this correlation to his particular heat treatment setup. However, as experience is gained by their use, it is believed that these charts will be found helpful as a guide to the selection of steel of proper hardenability based on Jominy end quench results. Timken Company hardenability data supplied upon request with each heat of steel can be used to advantage in this respect.

52

CHART FOR PREDICTING APPROXIMATE CROSS SECTION HARDNESS OF QUENCHED ROUND BARS USING JOMINY TEST RESULTS INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE OF CHART

1. 2. 3. 4.

Select proper round bar size to be quenched. Select the curve most representative of quenching conditions (H value) to be used. Read the curve to the Jominy Distance. Insert Rockwell “C” hardness values corresponding to the Jominy Distance. These are obtained from The Timken Company

CENTER

0.20

1.5

0.50 0.35

BAR SIZE

1/2" RD

H VALUE

1.0 0.70

1/2 RADIUS

CENTER

0.20

0.35

0.50

SURFACE

2.0

53

0.20 0.35 0.50 0.70 1.0 1.5 2.0 5.0

∞

No Moderate Good Strong No Strong No Strong

0.70

1.0

AGITATION – – – – – – – –

1/2 RADIUS

1.5

3/4" RD

QUENCH – Oil – Oil – Oil – Oil – Water – Water – Brine – Brine – Ideal Quench

Hardenability Data available with each shipment of steel. These hardness values represent the approximate surface-to-center hardness obtainable for the type of steel being heat treated.

0.20

0.35

0.50

CENTER

1/2 RADIUS

0

0.70

1.5 2.0

5.0

1" RD

1.0

∞

SURFACE

4 8 JOMINY DISTANCE

12

SURFACE 16

20

24

28

32

CENTER

0.20

0.35

0.50

∞

5.0 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.70

BAR SIZE

1-1/2" RD

H VALUE

1/2 RADIUS

0.20 0.35 0.50 0.70 1.0 1.5 2.0 5.0

CENTER

0.20

0.35

0.50

1.0

0.70

2.0

5.0

∞

SURFACE

∞

2" RD

QUENCH – Oil – Oil – Oil – Oil – Water – Water – Brine – Brine – Ideal Quench

AGITATION – – – – – – – –

No Moderate Good Strong No Strong No Strong

1.5

1/2 RADIUS

CENTER

0.20

0.35

0.50

1.0

0.70

1.5

5.0

2.0

∞

54

SURFACE

3" RD

1/2 RADIUS

CENTER

0.35

0.50

0.70

1.0

1.5

2.0

5.0

∞

SURFACE

0.20

4" RD

1/2 RADIUS

SURFACE 0

4 8 JOMINY DISTANCE

12

16

20

24

28

32

BAR SIZE

∞

5.0

1.5

1.0

CENTER

0.70 0.50 0.35

5" RD

∞

5.0

SURFACE CENTER 1.5 0.70

6" RD

1/2 RADIUS

1/2 RADIUS

0.35

55

SURFACE CENTER

∞ 1.5

7" RD

1/2 RADIUS

0.35

SURFACE CENTER

∞

8" RD

1/2 RADIUS 1.5 0.35

SURFACE 0

4 8 JOMIN DISTANCE

12

16

20

24

28

32

EXPLANATION OF COMBINED HARDENABILITY CHARTS The following charts present hardenability data for thirteen popular steels. They may be used to determine the approximate mid-radius hardness which is developed, in various sized rounds up to 9" in diameter using a good oil quench (.4-.5 Hv), or rounds up to 15" in diameter when air cooling. The effect of a subsequent 1000°F 2 hour temper is also illustrated. The relationship between hardness and section size was determined using data from the Jominy end quench test, and air hardenability test, and controlled cooling tests. It must be remembered that the results for a particular steel type are based on one chemical analysis and one austenitizing temperature. Variations of these will affect hardenability, as shown by the Jominy hardenability bands (shaded area). Therefore, the charts should be used to determine estimated, rather than exact, hardness values.

USE OF CHARTS 1. Select steel type. 2. Find desired diameter for the quenching medium employed. 3. Read the approximate as-quenched or tempered hardness using the appropriate curve; read hardness range using hardenability band. For example, a 2-inch round made of 1045 type steel will develop the following mid-radius hardnesses:

As-Quenched Tempered 1000 °F-2 Hours

Mild Water

Oil .4-.5 Hv

Air

28(25/32) Rc

25(22/29) Rc

91Rb

22.5 Rc

21 Rc

91Rb

56

TYPE

HEAT TREATMENT

1045

HOT ROLLED — AUSTENITIZED 1600˚ F.

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

C .42

Mn .79

P .019

S .023

Si .22

Cr .11

Ni .18

Mo .04

Cu .04

Al —

V —

W —

B —

ROUND SECTION WITH SAME HARDNESS AT MID-RADIUS OIL QUENCH .4-.5 Hv MILD WATER QUENCH

1" 1"

COOLING RATE

55° /S

283

ROCKWELL "C" HARDNESS

372

12° /S

6"

6" 7° /S F

~9" AIR QUENCH 1"

7"

290° /M 200° /M F

F

80° /M F

2"

3"

4"

32° /M

27° /M

19° /M

F

90

F

F

5"

6" 10" 15"

13° /M 12°F/M 9°F/M 6°F/M F

LEGEND AS COOLED 1000˚ F. TEMPER-2 HOURS SAE HARDENABILITY BAND AUSTENITIZING TEMPERATURE 1550˚ F.

30 20

107

25° /S

5" F

5"

40

185

128

4" F

4"

50

230

150

3"

3"

60

ROCKWELL "B" HARDNESS

57

BRINELL HARDNESS – 3000 KG.

614 484

2" F

2"

80 70 60 5

10

15

20

27

48

SIXTEENTHS FROM QUENCHED END OF JOMINY BAR

4"

11/2"

11/4"

3

/4"

21/2" 6"

INTERFACE

AIR HARDENABILITY DISTANCE

TYPE

HEAT TREATMENT

1340

NORMALIZED 1600˚ F. — AUSTENITIZED 1500˚ F.

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

C .40

Mn 1.87

P .011

S .013

Si .24

Cr .08

Ni .09

Mo .02

Cu .11

Al .019

V —

W —

B —

ROUND SECTION WITH SAME HARDNESS AT MID-RADIUS OIL QUENCH .4-.5 Hv MILD WATER QUENCH

1" 1"

COOLING RATE

55° /S

283

ROCKWELL "C" HARDNESS

372

12° /S

6"

6" 7° /S F

~9" AIR QUENCH 1"

7"

290° /M 200° /M F

F

80° /M F

2"

3"

4"

32° /M

27° /M

19° /M

F

90

F

F

5"

6" 10" 15"

13° /M 12°F/M 9°F/M 6°F/M F

LEGEND AS COOLED 1000˚ F. TEMPER SAE HARDENABILITY BAND AUSTENITIZING TEMPERATURE 1550˚ F.

30 20

107

25° /S

5" F

5"

40

185

128

4" F

4"

50

230

150

3"

3"

60

ROCKWELL "B" HARDNESS

58

BRINELL HARDNESS – 3000 KG.

614 484

2" F

2"

80 70 60 5

10

15

20

27

48

SIXTEENTHS FROM QUENCHED END OF JOMINY BAR

4"

11/2"

11/4"

3

/4"

21/2" 6"

INTERFACE

AIR HARDENABILITY DISTANCE

TYPE

HEAT TREATMENT

3310

NORMALIZED 1700˚ F. – AUSTENITIZED 1550˚ F.

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

C .08

Mn .54

P S .012 .012

Si .25

Cr Ni 1.56 3.42

Mo .05

Cu .10

Al .032

V —

W —

B —

ROUND SECTION WITH SAME HARDNESS AT MID-RADIUS OIL QUENCH .4-.5 Hv MILD WATER QUENCH

1" 1"

COOLING RATE

55° /S

283

ROCKWELL "C" HARDNESS

372

12° /S

6"

6" 7° /S F

~9" AIR QUENCH 1"

7"

290° /M 200° /M F

F

80° /M F

2"

3"

4"

32° /M

27° /M

19° /M

F

F

F

5"

6" 10" 15"

13° /M 12°F/M 9°F/M 6°F/M F

30 20 90

107

25° /S

5" F

5"

40

185

128

4" F

4"

50

230

150

3"

3"

60

ROCKWELL "B" HARDNESS

59

BRINELL HARDNESS – 3000 KG.

614 484

2" F

2"

LEGEND AS COOLED 1000˚ F. TEMPER-2 HOURS SAE HARDENABILITY BAND AUSTENITIZING TEMPERATURE 1550˚ F.

80 70 60

(FROM ASM HANDBOOK)

5

10

15

20

27

48

SIXTEENTHS FROM QUENCHED END OF JOMINY BAR

4"

11/2"

11/4"

3

/4"

21/2" 6"

INTERFACE

AIR HARDENABILITY DISTANCE

TYPE

HEAT TREATMENT

4027

NORMALIZED 1650˚ F. – AUSTENITIZED 1600˚ F.

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

C .26

Mn .86

P .011

S .027

Si .29

Cr .05

Ni .09

Mo .22

Cu .07

Al .032

V —

W —

B —

ROUND SECTION WITH SAME HARDNESS AT MID-RADIUS OIL QUENCH .4-.5 Hv MILD WATER QUENCH

1" 1"

COOLING RATE

55° /S

283

ROCKWELL "C" HARDNESS

372

12° /S

6"

6" 7° /S F

~9" AIR QUENCH 1"

7"

290° /M 200° /M F

F

80° /M F

2"

3"

4"

32° /M

27° /M

19° /M

F

90

F

F

5"

6" 10" 15"

13° /M 12°F/M 9°F/M 6°F/M F

LEGEND AS COOLED 1000˚ F. TEMPER-2 HOURS SAE HARDENABILITY BAND AUSTENITIZING TEMPERATURE 1600˚ F.

30 20

107

25° /S

5" F

5"

40

185

128

4" F

4"

50

230

150

3"

3"

60

ROCKWELL "B" HARDNESS

60

BRINELL HARDNESS – 3000 KG.

614 484

2" F

2"

80 70 60 5

10

15

20

27

48

SIXTEENTHS FROM QUENCHED END OF JOMINY BAR

4"

11/2"

11/4"

/4"

3

21/2" 6"

INTERFACE

AIR HARDENABILITY DISTANCE

TYPE

HEAT TREATMENT

4130

HOT ROLLED — AUSTENITIZED 1600˚ F.

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

C .31

Mn .51

P .013

S .020

Si .30

Cr .96

Ni .20

Mo .21

Cu .12

Al —

V —

W —

B —

ROUND SECTION WITH SAME HARDNESS AT MID-RADIUS OIL QUENCH .4-.5 Hv MILD WATER QUENCH

1" 1"

COOLING RATE

55° /S

283

ROCKWELL "C" HARDNESS

372

12° /S

6"

6" 7° /S F

~9" AIR QUENCH 1"

7"

290° /M 200° /M F

F

80° /M F

2"

3"

4"

32° /M

27° /M

19° /M

F

90

F

F

5"

6" 10" 15"

13° /M 12°F/M 9°F/M 6°F/M F

LEGEND AS COOLED 1000˚ F. TEMPER-2 HOURS SAE HARDENABILITY BAND AUSTENITIZING TEMPERATURE 1600˚ F.

30 20

107

25° /S

5" F

5"

40

185

128

4" F

4"

50

230

150

3"

3"

60

ROCKWELL "B" HARDNESS

61

BRINELL HARDNESS – 3000 KG.

614 484

2" F

2"

80 70 60 5

10

15

20

27

48

SIXTEENTHS FROM QUENCHED END OF JOMINY BAR

4"

11/2"

11/4"

/4"

3

21/2" 6"

INTERFACE

AIR HARDENABILITY DISTANCE

TYPE

HEAT TREATMENT

4140

HOT ROLLED — AUSTENITIZED 1600˚ F.

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

C .39

Mn .82

P .031

S .021

Si .31

Cr .96

Ni .13

Mo .20

Cu .08

Al —

V —

W —

B —

ROUND SECTION WITH SAME HARDNESS AT MID-RADIUS OIL QUENCH .4-.5 Hv MILD WATER QUENCH

1" 1"

COOLING RATE

55° /S

283

ROCKWELL "C" HARDNESS

372

12° /S

6"

6" 7° /S F

~9" AIR QUENCH 1"

7"

290° /M 200° /M F

F

80° /M F

2"

3"

4"

32° /M

27° /M

19° /M

F

F

F

5"

6" 10" 15"

13° /M 12°F/M 9°F/M 6°F/M F

30 20 90

107

25° /S

5" F

5"

40

185

128

4" F

4"

50

230

150

3"

3"

60

ROCKWELL "B" HARDNESS

62

BRINELL HARDNESS – 3000 KG.

614 484

2" F

2"

LEGEND AS COOLED 1000˚ F. TEMPER-2 HOURS SAE HARDENABILITY BAND AUSTENITIZING TEMPERATURE 1550˚ F.

80 70 60 5

10

15

20

27

48

SIXTEENTHS FROM QUENCHED END OF JOMINY BAR

4"

11/2"

11/4"

3

/4"

21/2" 6"

INTERFACE

AIR HARDENABILITY DISTANCE

TYPE

HEAT TREATMENT

4320

NORMALIZED 1700˚ F — AUSTENITIZED 1600˚ F.

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

C .18

Mn .61

P .010

S .014

Si .29

Cr .50

Ni 1.79

Mo .23

Cu .09

Al .021

V —

W —

B —

ROUND SECTION WITH SAME HARDNESS AT MID-RADIUS OIL QUENCH .4-.5 Hv MILD WATER QUENCH

1" 1"

COOLING RATE

55° /S

283

ROCKWELL "C" HARDNESS

372

12° /S

6"

6" 7° /S F

~9" AIR QUENCH 1"

7"

290° /M 200° /M F

F

80° /M F

2"

3"

4"

32° /M

27° /M

19° /M

F

90

F

F

5"

6" 10" 15"

13° /M 12°F/M 9°F/M 6°F/M F

LEGEND AS COOLED 1000˚ F. TEMPER-2 HOURS SAE HARDENABILITY BAND AUSTENITIZING TEMPERATURE 1700˚ F.

30 20

107

25° /S

5" F

5"

40

185

128

4" F

4"

50

230

150

3"

3"

60

ROCKWELL "B" HARDNESS

63

BRINELL HARDNESS – 3000 KG.

614 484

2" F

2"

80 70 60 5

10

15

20

27

48

SIXTEENTHS FROM QUENCHED END OF JOMINY BAR

4"

11/2"

11/4"

3

/4"

21/2" 6"

INTERFACE

AIR HARDENABILITY DISTANCE

TYPE

HEAT TREATMENT

4340

HOT ROLLED — AUSTENITIZED 1600˚ F.

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

C .41

Mn .74

P .014

S .015

Si .30

Cr .72

Ni 1.75

Mo .26

Cu .13

Al —

V —

W —

B —

ROUND SECTION WITH SAME HARDNESS AT MID-RADIUS OIL QUENCH .4-.5 Hv MILD WATER QUENCH

1" 1"

COOLING RATE

55° /S

283

ROCKWELL "C" HARDNESS

372

12° /S

6"

6" 7° /S F

~9" AIR QUENCH 1"

7"

290° /M 200° /M F

F

80° /M F

2"

3"

4"

32° /M

27° /M

19° /M

F

F

F

5"

6" 10" 15"

13° /M 12°F/M 9°F/M 6°F/M F

30 20 90

107

25° /S

5" F

5"

40

185

128

4" F

4"

50

230

150

3"

3"

60

ROCKWELL "B" HARDNESS

64

BRINELL HARDNESS – 3000 KG.

614 484

2" F

2"

LEGEND AS COOLED 1000˚ F. TEMPER-2 HOURS SAE HARDENABILITY BAND AUSTENITIZING TEMPERATURE 1550˚ F.

80 70 60 5

10

15

20

27

48

SIXTEENTHS FROM QUENCHED END OF JOMINY BAR

4"

11/2"

11/4"

3

/4"

21/2" 6"

INTERFACE

AIR HARDENABILITY DISTANCE

TYPE

HEAT TREATMENT

4620

HOT ROLLED — AUSTENITIZED 1700˚ F.

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

C .19

Mn .60

P .013

S .019

Si .32

Cr .20

Ni 1.75

Mo .22

Cu .05

Al —

V —

W —

B —

ROUND SECTION WITH SAME HARDNESS AT MID-RADIUS OIL QUENCH .4-.5 Hv MILD WATER QUENCH

1" 1"

COOLING RATE

55° /S

283

ROCKWELL "C" HARDNESS

372

12° /S

6"

6" 7° /S F

~9" AIR QUENCH 1"

7"

290° /M 200° /M F

F

80° /M F

2"

3"

4"

32° /M

27° /M

19° /M

F

90

F

F

5"

6" 10" 15"

13° /M 12°F/M 9°F/M 6°F/M F

LEGEND AS COOLED 1000˚ F. TEMPER-2 HOURS SAE HARDENABILITY BAND AUSTENITIZING TEMPERATURE 1700˚ F.

30 20

107

25° /S

5" F

5"

40

185

128

4" F

4"

50

230

150

3"

3"

60

ROCKWELL "B" HARDNESS

65

BRINELL HARDNESS – 3000 KG.

614 484

2" F

2"

80 70 60 5

10

15

20

27

48

SIXTEENTHS FROM QUENCHED END OF JOMINY BAR

4"

11/2"

11/4"

3

/4"

21/2" 6"

INTERFACE

AIR HARDENABILITY DISTANCE

TYPE

HEAT TREATMENT

5130

NORMALIZED 1650˚ F. — AUSTENITIZED 1600˚ F.

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

C .30

Mn .79

P .022

S .026

Si .26

Cr .98

Ni .09

Mo .02

Cu .14

Al .019

V —

W —

B —

ROUND SECTION WITH SAME HARDNESS AT MID-RADIUS OIL QUENCH .4-.5 Hv MILD WATER QUENCH

1" 1"

COOLING RATE

55° /S

283

ROCKWELL "C" HARDNESS

372

12° /S

6"

6" 7° /S F

~9" AIR QUENCH 1"

7"

290° /M 200° /M F

F

80° /M F

2"

3"

4"

32° /M

27° /M

19° /M

F

90

F

F

5"

6" 10" 15"

13° /M 12°F/M 9°F/M 6°F/M F

LEGEND AS COOLED 1000˚ F. TEMPER-2 HOURS SAE HARDENABILITY BAND AUSTENITIZING TEMPERATURE 1600˚ F.

30 20

107

25° /S

5" F

5"

40

185

128

4" F

4"

50

230

150

3"

3"

60

ROCKWELL "B" HARDNESS

66

BRINELL HARDNESS – 3000 KG.

614 484

2" F

2"

80 70 60 5

10

15

20

27

48

SIXTEENTHS FROM QUENCHED END OF JOMINY BAR

4"

11/2"

11/4"

3

/4"

21/2" 6"

INTERFACE

AIR HARDENABILITY DISTANCE

TYPE

HEAT TREATMENT

5160

AUSTENITIZED 1550˚ F.

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

C .58

Mn .91

P .014

S .016

Si .29

Cr .78

Ni .07

Mo .01

Cu .05

Al .023

V —

W —

B —

ROUND SECTION WITH SAME HARDNESS AT MID-RADIUS OIL QUENCH .4-.5 Hv MILD WATER QUENCH

1" 1"

COOLING RATE

55° /S

283

ROCKWELL "C" HARDNESS

372

12° /S

6"

6" 7° /S F

~9" AIR QUENCH 1"

7"

290° /M 200° /M F

F

80° /M F

2"

3"

4"

32° /M

27° /M

19° /M

F

F

F

5"

6" 10" 15"

13° /M 12°F/M 9°F/M 6°F/M F

30 20 90

107

25° /S

5" F

5"

40

185

128

4" F

4"

50

230

150

3"

3"

60

ROCKWELL "B" HARDNESS

67

BRINELL HARDNESS – 3000 KG.

614 484

2" F

2"

LEGEND AS COOLED 400˚ F. TEMPER 1000˚ F. TEMPER SAE HARDENABILITY BAND AUSTENITIZING TEMPERATURE 1550˚ F.

80 70 60 5

10

15

20

27

48

SIXTEENTHS FROM QUENCHED END OF JOMINY BAR

4"

11/2"

11/4"

3

/4"

21/2" 6"

INTERFACE

AIR HARDENABILITY DISTANCE

TYPE

HEAT TREATMENT

8620

NORMALIZED 1700˚ F. — AUSTENITIZED 1700˚ F.

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

C .20

Mn .85

P .010

S .014

Si .30

Cr .50

Ni .51

Mo .19

Cu .09

Al .031

V —

W —

B —

ROUND SECTION WITH SAME HARDNESS AT MID-RADIUS OIL QUENCH .4-.5 Hv MILD WATER QUENCH

1" 1"

COOLING RATE

55° /S

283

ROCKWELL "C" HARDNESS

372

12° /S

6"

6" 7° /S F

~9" AIR QUENCH 1"

7"

290° /M 200° /M F

F

80° /M F

2"

3"

4"

32° /M

27° /M

19° /M

F

90

F

F

5"

6" 10" 15"

13° /M 12°F/M 9°F/M 6°F/M F

LEGEND AS COOLED 1000˚ F. TEMPER-2 HOURS SAE HARDENABILITY BAND AUSTENITIZING TEMPERATURE 1700˚ F.

30 20

107

25° /S

5" F

5"

40

185

128

4" F

4"

50

230

150

3"

3"

60

ROCKWELL "B" HARDNESS

68

BRINELL HARDNESS – 3000 KG.

614 484

2" F

2"

80 70 60 5

10

15

20

27

48

SIXTEENTHS FROM QUENCHED END OF JOMINY BAR

4"

11/2"

11/4"

3

/4"

21/2" 6"

INTERFACE

AIR HARDENABILITY DISTANCE

TYPE

HEAT TREATMENT

9310

NORMALIZED 1700˚ F. — AUSTENITIZED 1550˚ F.

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

C .10

Mn .58

P .012

S .015

Si .30

Cr 1.26

Ni 3.26

Mo .11

Cu .11

Al .044

V —

2"

3"

4"

32° /M

27° /M

19° /M

W —

B —

ROUND SECTION WITH SAME HARDNESS AT MID-RADIUS OIL QUENCH .4-.5 Hv MILD WATER QUENCH

1" 1"

COOLING RATE

55° /S

283

ROCKWELL "C" HARDNESS

372

12° /S

6"

6" 7° /S F

~9" AIR QUENCH 1"

7"

290° /M 200° /M F

F

80° /M F

F

F

F

5"

6" 10" 15"

13° /M 12°F/M 9°F/M 6°F/M F

30 20 90

107

25° /S

5" F

5"

40

185

128

4" F

4"

50

230

150

3"

3"

60

ROCKWELL "B" HARDNESS

69

BRINELL HARDNESS – 3000 KG.

614 484

2" F

2"

LEGEND AS COOLED 1000˚ F. TEMPER-2 HOURS SAE HARDENABILITY BAND AUSTENITIZING TEMPERATURE 1550˚ F.

80 70 60 5

10

15

20

27

48

SIXTEENTHS FROM QUENCHED END OF JOMINY BAR

4"

11/2"

11/4"

3

/4"

21/2" 6"

INTERFACE

AIR HARDENABILITY DISTANCE

AVERAGE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CARBON CONTENT, HARDNESS AND PERCENTAGE OF MARTENSITE IN QUENCHING

99.9% MARTENSITE 95% MARTENSITE 90% MARTENSITE

60

80% MARTENSITE

70

ROCKWELL C HARDNESS

50% MARTENSITE

50

40 Hodge, J. M. and Orehoski, M. A. Relationship between hardenability and percentage of martensite in some low-alloy steels. Transactions. AIME, 1946, v. 167, pp. 627-642.

30

20 Note: Fine divisions added to simplify use of the graph. 10 .10

.20

.30

.40

.50

PERCENT CARBON

.60

.70

414

552

690

828

TENSILE STRENGTH MPa 966 1104 1241 1379 1517

1655 1793 1931

EFFECTS OF SURFACE CONDITIONS AND MECHANICAL NOTCHES ON ENDURANCE OR FATIGUE LIMITS

160

1140

ENDURANCE LIMIT, 1000 psi

828

120 POLISHED

690

100 GROUND

552

80 MACHINED

60

414 276

40 HOT ROLLED, SEVERLY NOTCHED, AS FORGED

20

60

80

100

120

140 160 180 200 220 TENSILE STRENGTH , 1000 psi

240

260

138

280

Note: Endurance limits for surfaces exposed to corrosive environment fall below the band for hot rolled, severly notched, and as forged surfaces.

CONDITIONS WHICH AFFECT FATIGUE STRENGTH The fatigue strength of a material depends on many factors of which the following are considered among the most important: (1) the strength of the material and the magnitude of the stress being applied to the material in its application, (2) the surface integrity of the material including its finish and method of manufacture, magnitude of residual stress present, and the presence of decarburization, (3) the environment in which the material is exposed in service. It must be noted that fatigue data such as that represented by the curves shown above are averages obtained from laboratory tests which approach ideal conditions and should not be considered more than a guide.

F.B. Stulen and W.C. Schulte, Metals Engineering Quarterly (Am. Soc. Metals), Vol. 5, No. 3, Aug. 1965 SAE Fatigue Design Handbook (AE4) - 1968 Proceedings of the International Conference on Fatigue of Metals, (IME-ASME) - 1956

71

ENDURANCE LIMIT, MPa

966

140

CARBURIZING INFORMATION For .10% Carbon (Approx.) Higher Alloy Carburizing Steels, i.e., 3310, 9310, etc. “EFFECTIVE” CASE DEPTH for VARIOUS CARBURIZING TIMES AND TEMPERATURES (Calculated in Inches to .40% CARBON LEVEL) Carburizing Time, Hours

1600°

1650°

1700°

1750°

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

.011" .015" .019" .021" .024" .026" .028" .030" .032" .034" .036"

.013" .019" .023" .026" .030" .033" .035" .038" .040" .042" .044"

.016" .023" .028" .033" .037" .040" .043" .046" .049" .052" .054"

.019" .027" .034" .039" .044" .048" .052" .056" .059" .062" .065"

12

.037"

.046"

.057"

.068"

16

.043"

.053"

.065"

.078"

20

.048"

.059"

.073"

.088"

24

.052"

.065"

.080"

.096"

30

.059"

.073"

.089"

.108"

Note:

Carburizing Temperature (°F)

Case depth tables are based on data published in Metals Progress Data Sheet in May 1974 by F. E. Harris.

72

CARBURIZING INFORMATION For .20% Carbon (Approx.) Lower Alloy Carburizing Steels, i.e., 4017, 4620, 8620, etc. “EFFECTIVE” CASE DEPTH for VARIOUS CARBURIZING TIMES AND TEMPERATURES (Calculated in Inches to .40% CARBON LEVEL) Carburizing Time, Hours

Carburizing Temperature ( °F) 1600°

1650°

1700°

1750°

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

.013" .018" .022" .025" .029" .031" .034" .036" .038" .040" .042"

.015" .022" .027" .031" .034" .038" .041" .044" .046" .049" .051"

.019" .026" .032" .037" .042" .045" .049" .053" .056" .059" .062"

.022" .031" .039" .045" .050" .055" .059" .063" .067" .071" .073"

12

.044"

.053"

.065"

.077"

16

.051"

.061"

.075"

.088"

20

.057"

.069"

.084"

.099"

24

.062"

.075"

.092"

.109"

30

.070"

.085"

.103"

.122"

Note: Case depth tables are based on data published in Metals Progress Data Sheet in May 1974 by F. E. Harris

73

Process and Quality Control Considerations

Dew point, ˚F -20

0

20

40

60

80

100

2

Surface carbon concentration, %

Austenite cementite

Low-carbon steel

1

760 ˚C 0.6

815 ˚C

Austenite + ferrite

870 ˚C

0.4

925 ˚C 980 ˚C 0.2

1040 ˚C Workpiece temperature 1150 ˚C

1095 ˚C

0.1 -30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

Dew point, ˚C

Variation of carbon potential with dew point for an endothermic-based atmosphere containing 20% CO and 40% H2 in contact with plain carbon steel at various workpiece temperatures.

74

Process and Quality Control Considerations 2 Low-carbon steel

75

Surface carbon concentration, %

Austenite cementite

1 Austenite + ferrite 760 ˚C 0.6 815 ˚C 0.4 980 ˚C

Workpiece temperature 1150 ˚C

1095 ˚C

925 ˚C

1040 ˚C

870 ˚C

0.2

0.1 0.01

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.1

0.2

0.4

0.6

1

2

Carbon dioxide in atmosphere, % Variation of carbon potential with carbon dioxide concentration for an endothermic-based atmosphere containing 20% CO and 40% H2 in contact with plain carbon steel at various workpiece temperatures.

4

DETERMINING CARBURIZING TIMES AND TEMPERATURES 100 80

1,

50

0

F

60

1,

70

0

F

1,

60

0

F

40

1,

90

0

F

1,

80

0

F

20

10

6 4

400

2

200

1

100 80 60 40

20

10 11

12

13

14

15

PARAMETER, P

TO USE THE CHART In the upper grid, select a point (time and temperature) for which the case depth results are known. Go vertically down from that point to the known case depth and plot the point. Pass a line through this point parallel to the dashed line shown. Projecting a line vertically upward from any point on this line into the grid will give the combinations of time and temperature that will result in the same depth of case. For instance, a vertical line drawn upward from the dashed line at 100 thousandths indicates that a 0.100 in. case will be produced by 6 hr. at 1900˚F, 11 hr. at 1800˚F, or 22 hr. at 1700˚F. Shop experience of the Cook Heat Treat Co., Houston, is depicted by this line and its related points. Adapted from information provided by Charles F. Lewis, Cook Heat Treating Co., Div. Lindberg Corp.

76

CASE DEPTH, 0.001 in.

TIME AT HEAT, Hr

8

RECOMMENDED MAXIMUM HOT WORKING TEMPERATURES FOR STEELS SAE No.

Temperature (°F)

SAE No.

Temperature (°F)

1008 1010 1015 1040

2250 2250 2250 2200

4320 4337 4340

2200 2200 2200

1118 1141

2250 2200

4422 4427

2250 2250

4520

2250

1350

2200

2317 2340

2250 2200

4615 4620 4640

2300 2300 2200

2512

2250

4718

2250

3115 3135 3140

2250 2200 2200

4820

2250

5060

2150

3240

2200

3310 3316 3335

2250 2250 2250

5120 5140 5160

2250 2200 2150

51100 52100

2050 2050

4017 4032 4047 4063

2300 2200 2200 2150

6120 6135 6150

2250 2250 2200

4130 4132 4135 4140 4142

2200 2200 2200 2200 2200

8617 8620 8630 8640 8650

2250 2250 2200 2200 2200

77

RECOMMENDED MAXIMUM HOT WORKING TEMPERATURES FOR STEELS - continued

NOTE:

SAE No.

Temperature (°F)

Timken Type

8720 8735 8740

2250 2200 2200

2 1/4 Cr 1 Mo

9310

2250

302 303 304 309 310 316 317 321 347

2200 2200 2200 2150 2050 2150 2150 2150 2150

410 416 420 430 440A 440C 443 446

2200 2200 2200 2100 2100 2050 2100 1900

C-Mo DM

2300 2300

DM-2

2300

Temperature (°F) 2250

5 Cr 1/2 Mo (.05C) 2250 5 Cr 1/2 Mo (.15C) 2250 5 Cr 1/2 Mo (.25C) 5 Cr 1/2 Mo + Ti 5 Cr 1/2 Mo + Si 7 Cr 1/2 Mo 9 Cr 1 Mo

2250 2100 2200 2250 2200

8 1/2 Ni

2200

Graph-Mo® Graph-Air®

1950 1925

5 Cr Mo (1.00C) 2050 5Cr Mo W (1.00W) 2300 10105 Niriding #3

2050 2200

17-22A® 17-22AS® 17-22AV®

2200 2200 2250

A 485-1 A 485-2 A 485-3 A 485-4

2050 2050 2100 2100

TBS-600

2050

CBS-600 CBS-1000M

2250 2200

Information obtained from hot-twist test data publshed in “Evaluating The Forgeability of Steels” (3rd edition,The Timken Company) occasionally modified by actual Forge Shop experience.

78

APPROXIMATE CRITICAL TEMPERATURES AND Ms/Mf POINTS OF CARBON AND ALLOY STEELS SAE No.

Heating (°F) Ac1 Ac3

Cooling (°F) Ar3 Ar1

Quench Temp °F

Ms (°F)

Mf (°F)

SAE No.

79

1015 1020 1030 1035 1040 1045 1050 1065 1090

1370 1350 1350 1350 1350 1350 1340 ............. .............

1565 1555 1485 1475 1460 1440 1420 ............. .............

1545 1515 1465 1440 1420 1405 1390 ............. .............

1270 1270 1270 1270 1270 1270 1270 ............. .............

............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 1500 1625

............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 525 420

............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 300 175

1015 1020 1030 1035 1040 1045 1050 1065 1090

1330 1335 1340 1345

1325 1315 1340 1325

1470 1460 1420 1420

1340 1340 1310 1300

1160 1165 1160 1160

............. 1550 ............. .............

............. 640 ............. .............

............. 450 ............. .............

1330 1335 1340 1345

2317 2330 2340 2345

1285 1280 1285 1265

1435 1360 1350 1335

1265 1205 1185 1125

1065 910/1050 1060 1040

............. ............. 1450 .............

............. ............. 580 .............

............. ............. 400 .............

2317 2330 2340 2345

2512 2515

1290 1260

1400 1400

1150 1160

1060 1090

............. .............

............. .............

............. .............

2512 2515

3115 3120 3130 3140 3141 3150

1355 1350 1345 1355 1355 1355

1500 1480 1460 1410 1410 1380

1480 1445 1360 1275 1300 1275

1240 1230 1220 1225 1215 1215

............. ............. ............. 1550 ............. .............

............. ............. ............. 630 ............. .............

............. ............. ............. 440 ............. .............

3115 3120 3130 3140 3141 3150

CRITICAL TEMPERATURES AND Ms/Mf POINTS - continued SAE No.

80

3310 3316 4027 4032 4042 4053 4063 4068 4118 4130 4140 4147 4150 4160 4320 4340 4342 4615 4620 4640 4695* 4718 4815 4820 5045 5060 5120 5140

Heating (°F) Ac1 Ac3 1335 1335 1360 1340 1340 1310 1360 1365 1385 1380 1380 ............. 1390 ............. 1355 1350 ............. 1340 1300 1325 ............. 1285 1285 1290 1360 1370 1380 1360

1440 1425 1500 1500 1460 1400 1390 1395 1500 1475 1460 ............. 1450 ............. 1485 1425 ............. 1485 1490 1400 ............. 1510 1450 1440 1430 1410 1525 1450

Cooling (°F) Ar3 Ar1 1235 1235 1400 1350 1340 1320 1220 1215 1410 1350 1370 ............. 1290 ............. 1330 1220 ............. 1400 1335 1220 ............. 1410 1310 1260 1305 1305 1460 1345

* Represents the case of 4600 grades of carburizing steels

1160 1160 1230 1250 1210 1200 1190 1195 1275 1250 1280 ............. 1245 ............. 840/1170 725/1210 ............. 1200 1220 875/1130 ............. 1200 860/1110 825/1110 1255 1285 1305 1230

Quench Temp °F

Ms (°F)

Mf (°F)

SAE No.

............. ............. ............. ............. 1500 ............. 1500 ............. ............. 1600 1500 1500 ............. 1575 ............. 1550 1500 ............. ............. 1550 1550 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 1550

............. ............. ............. ............. 610 ............. 445 ............. ............. 710 640 590 ............. 500 ............. 550 530 ............. ............. 640 255 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 630

............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 550 425 ............. ............. ............. ............. 330 ............. ............. ............. 490 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 460

3310 3316 4027 4032 4042 4053 4063 4068 4118 4130 4140 4147 4150 4160 4320 4340 4342 4615 4620 4640 4695* 4718 4815 4820 5045 5060 5120 5140

CRITICAL TEMPERATURES AND Ms/Mf POINTS - continued SAE No.

Heating (°F) Ac1 Ac3

81

51100 1385 52100 1340 52100 52100 6117 1400 6120 1410 6140 ............. 6150 1380 . 8615 1360 8620 1350 8630 1350 8640 1350 8650 1325 8695* ............. 8720 1380 8740 1350 8750 1350 9310 1315 9317 1300 9395* ............. 9442 1350 9 Cr 1 Mo 1515 17-22-A® 1370 17-22-AS® 1440 17-22-AV® 1435 Graph Mo® 1380 Graph Air® 1275

1415 1415

1560 1530 ............. 1450 1550 1525 1480 1435 1390 ............. 1520 1450 1410 1490 1455 ............. 1435 1645 1480 1600 1700 1415 1415

Cooling (°F) Ar3 Ar1 1320 1320

1430 1440 ............. 1375 1455 1400 1340 1275 1240 ............. 1400 1300 1265 1305 1290 ............. 1280 1430 1350 1460 1525 1365 1260

1300 1270

1270 1300 ............. 1275 1265 1200 1210 1170 1195 ............. 1200 1180 1190 830/1080 800 ............. 1190 1350 1245 1280 1230 1275 1150

Quench Temp °F

Ms (°F)

Mf (°F)

............. 1560 1650 1740 1650 1740 1550 ............. ............. ............. 1600 ............. ............. 1500 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 1700 1575 ............. ............. ............. ............. 1450 1460

............. 345 305 260 305 260 620 ............. ............. ............. 690 ............. ............. 275 ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 170 620 ............. ............. ............. ............. 410 325

............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. 460 ............. ............. ............. 540 ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ 410 ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............

SAE No. 51100 52100 52100 6117 6120 6140 6150 8615 8620 8630 8640 8650 8695* 8720 8740 8750 9310 9317 9395* 9442 9 Cr 1 Mo 17-22-A® 17-22-AS® 17-22-AV® Graph Mo® Graph Air®

* Represents the case of 8600 and 9300 grades of carburizing steels, respectively. Note: (1) All data in this table is empirically derived unless noted otherwise. (2) When two temperatures are given for Ar1, the higher represents the pearlitic reaction and the lower represents the bainitic reaction. (3) See USEFUL EQUATIONS FOR HARDENABLE ALLOY STEELS (see Table of Contents) for formulas to calculate approximate critical temperatures and Ms points.

MECHANICAL TUBING TOLERANCES Standard Timken Company Tolerances HOT ROLLED, ROUND1 OD Tolerances As rolled or single thermal treatment TOD = ±(.0045 OD + .005) or ±.015 min. Over10.75 to 12.0 TOD = ±.095 Quenched and tempered, or normalized and tempered TOD = ±1.5 (.0045 OD + .005) or ±.023 min. Over10.75 TOD = ±.113 Wall Tolerances (All Thermal Conditions) OD to wall ratio over 10:1 ............. ±10% OD to wall ratio 10:1 or less ......... ±7.5% Over10.75 to 12.0 OD ................... ±10% Note: Minimum wall tolerance is ±.020 inches ROUGH TURNED, ROUND1 OD Tolerances As turned or single thermal treatment TOD = ±.005 (under 6.75") TOD = ±.010 (6.75" and over) Straightened and/or tempered or stress relieved after rough turning TOD = ±.010 all sizes Quenched and tempered, or normalized and tempered Under 6.75 inches (171.5) mm) Heat Treated Before Rough Turned TOD = ±.010 Heat Treated After Rough Turned TOD = ±.015 6.75 inches (172.5 mm) and over Heat Treated Before Rough Turned TOD = ±.020 Heat Treated After Rough Turned TOD = ±.030 Wall Tolerances (All Thermal Conditions) OD to wall ratio over 10:1 ............. ±12.5% OD to wall ratio 10:1 or less ......... ±10.0% Note: Minimum wall tolerance is ±.020 inches OD - Outside Diameter ID - Inside Diameter

T - Tolerance W - Wall Thickness

All tolerances and dimensions are in inches. 1 Hot rolled and rough turned tubes can be purchased to outside diameter (OD) and wall thickness (W) only. Timken Company guaranteed tube sizes are calculated using Timken Company tolerances.

82

MECHANICAL TUBING TOLERANCES Standard Timken Company Tolerances COLD DRAWN, ROUND2 OD Tolerances As drawn or stress relieved TOD/ID = ± (.0023 OD - .003) or ±.004 min. Drawn and annealed, or normalized TOD/ID = ±1.8(.0023 OD - .003) or ±.007 min. Quenched and tempered, or normalized and tempered (OD & wall or ID & wall dimensions only) TOD/ID = ±2.5(.0023 OD - .003) or ±.010 min. Quenched and tempered, or normalized and tempered (OD & ID dimensions only) TOD/ID = ±3.75(.0023 OD - .003) or ±.015 min. Wall Tolerances (All Thermal Conditions) OD to wall ratio over 10:1 ............ ±7.5% OD to wall ratio 10:1 to 4:1 ............ ±6% OD to wall ratio under 4:1 ............ ±7.5% Note:

(1) Minimum wall tolerance is ±.012 inches (2) When ID is under .625 inch, inquiry basis (3) Walls 6% of OD and lighter, inquiry basis (4) When OD & ID dimensions, use ±7.5% wall

OD - Outside Diameter ID - Inside Diameter

T - Tolerance W - Wall Thickness

All tolerances and dimensions are in inches. 2 Tubes with a final OD/W ratio less than 4:1 or a nominal finish wall size greater than 1.250 inches will have a hot rolled ID and will be produced to cold drawn OD tolerances and hot rolled wall tolerances. ASTM A-519 tolerances are acceptable except for cold finished sizes smaller than 2.500 inches diameter, where Timken Company tolerances apply.

83

MECHANICAL TUBING TOLERANCES Standard Timken Company Tolerances ROTOROLLED®, ROUND OD Tolerances As Rotorolled® TOD/ID = ±(.0024 OD + .0016) or ±.005 min. OD ±.010 min. ID Rotorolled® and tempered TOD/ID = ±(.0024 OD + .007) or ±.010 min. Quenched and tempered, or normalized and tempered (OD & wall or ID & wall dimensions only) TOD/ID = ±2(.0024 OD + .0016) or ±.010 min. Quenched and tempered, or normalized and tempered (OD & ID dimensions only) TOD/ID = ±3(.0024 OD + .0016) or ±.015 min. Wall Tolerances (All Thermal Conditions) All wall thicknesses ±5% Note:

Minimum wall tolerance is ±.012 inches

OD - Outside Diameter ID - Inside Diameter All tolerances and dimensions are in inches.

84

T - Tolerance W - Wall Thickness

MECHANICAL TUBING TOLERANCES Special Processed Tubing Tolerances COLD DRAWN, SHAPED (Square, Rectangular or Oval) OD Tolerances As drawn or tempered TOD/ID = ±.005 OD or ±.020 min. Quenched and tempered, or normalized and tempered TOD/ID = ±.01 OD or ±.040 min. Wall Tolerances (All Thermal Conditions) All wall thicknesses ±10% at center of flats COLD DRAWN, SHAPED3 (Dissimilar OD and ID Configuration) OD Tolerances As drawn or tempered TOD/ID = ±.005 OD or ±.010 min. Quenched and tempered, or normalized and tempered TOD/ID = ±.01 OD or ±.020 min. Wall Tolerances (All Thermal Conditions) All wall thicknesses ±10% at center of flats

OD - Outside Diameter ID - Inside Diameter

T - Tolerance W - Wall Thickness

All tolerances and dimensions are in inches. 3 When corner radii and twist are important, they must be reviewed by our mill prior to acceptance of the order.

85

LENGTH TOLERANCES All Conditions - Seamless Steel Tubing Random Lengths Tubing shipped on random length orders will range from 5 feet to 24 feet long unless otherwise specified. Multiple Lengths For tubing ordered in multiple lengths, it is standard practice for the customer to make his own allowance for loss of steel due to his cutting operations. These allowances will vary from one customer to another due to their cutting practices and the amount of facing required on the ends of the part. Therefore, tubing will be furnished to the multiple length as specified by the customer.

Specified Length

Specified Size Outside Diameter

4 feet and under Up to 2 inches incl. 4 feet and under Over 2 inches to 4 inches incl. 4 feet and under Over 4 inches Over 4 feet to 10 feet, incl. Up to 2 inches incl. Over 4 feet to 10 feet, incl. Over 2 inches Over 10 feet to 24 feet, incl. All Over 24 feet to 34 feet, incl. All Over 34 feet to 44 feet, incl. All

86

Permissible Variations Over Under 1/16 inch 3/32 inch 1/8 inch 3/32 inch 1/8 inch 3/16 inch 5/16 inch 7/16 inch

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

STRAIGHTNESS TOLERANCES All Conditions - Seamless Steel Tubing Straightness tolerances (T) should not exceed those shown in the tables below. The tolerance (T) for any 3-foot length is measured as shown in Figure 1. The total tolerance, the maximum curvature in the total length, is measured as shown in Figure 2. The table applies to lengths not exceeding 22 feet. The tolerances shown apply to conventional steel grades of as rolled, annealed, and heat treated tubing up to 302 Brinell maximum or micro alloy grades with a hardness of 229 Brinell or below. Heat treated tubes with a Brinell hardness of 302 maximum up to 401 maximum or micro alloy grades with a Brinell hardness exceeding 229 will have tolerance (T) twice the values shown in the table. Tubes with lighter walls, or with hardness exceeding 401 Brinell maximum, or weighing greater than 140 pounds per foot, require agreement on tolerances at time of order. FIGURE 1

FIGURE 2

Measuring technique for straightness in any three feet

Measuring technique for overall straightness L

Tmax Three foot straight-edge

Tmax Surface plate

Specified Size

Maximum Curvature in Total Lengths of 5 feet or more

Maximum Curvature for Lengths Under 5 feet

.020” x length in feet

Ratio of .010" per foot

Maximum Curvature in any 3 feet

OD 5" and smaller. Wall thickness, over 3% of OD

.030"

OD over 5" to 8" inclusive. Wall thickness, over 4% of OD

.045"

OD over 8" to 11" inclusive Wall thickness, over 4% of OD

.060"

3 .030” x length in feet 3 .045” x length in feet 3

87

Ratio of 0.015" per foot Ratio of 0.020" per foot

THEORETICAL FOOT WEIGHTS OF SEAMLESS STEEL MECHANICAL TUBING (AVERAGE WALL)

D d

W = 10.68 (D - t) t

t

d

W = 13.60 (D - t) t eD = 1.128 D ed = 1.128 d

D t

2d t

W = 13.60 (D - t) t eD = 1.128 D ed = 1.128 d

2D

d2 D2

t d1 D1 Where:

W = 5.34 (D 1 + D 2 - 2t) t eD = D 1 + D 2 2 ed = d 1 + d 2 2

W = Weight in pounds per foot. D = Outside diameter or distance across flats in inches. d = Inside diameter or distance across flats in inches. t = Wall thickness in inches. eD = Equivalent round outside diameter in inches. ed = Equivalent round inside diameter in inches. et = Equivalent wall thickness in inches. D1 = Major outside diameter of oval tube in inches. d1 = Major inside diameter of oval tube in inches. D2 = Minor outside diameter of oval tube in inches.

d2 = Minor inside diameter of oval tube in inches. Note: unit weight is always expressed in 4 digits regardless of decimal point placement.

88

TUBING CD HR MECH-HR BRG O.D. CLEANUPS Outside Diameter (mm) 25.40

50.80

76.20

101.60

127.00

152.40 177.80 203.20

228.00

254.00

279.40

304.80

0.18

4.572

0.17

4.318

0.16

4.064

HR-OD Clean-up

0.15

3.810 3.556

CD-OD Cleanup

0.13 0.12

3.302 3.048

0.11

2.794

0.10

2.540

0.09

2.286

HR-CD-ID Cleanup

0.08

2.032

0.07

1.778

0.06

1.524

0.05

1.270

0.04

1.016

0.03

0.762

0.02

0.508

0.01

0.254 1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

Outside Diameter (inches)

9.0

10.0

11.0

12.0

Cleanup (mm)

89

Cleanup (inches)

0.14

BAR TOLERANCE FOR HOT ROLLED ALLOY BARS Variation from Size Specified Sizes (Rounds or Squares)

Over

Under

To 5/16" incl.

.005"

.005"

.008"

Over 5/16" to 7/16" incl.

.006"

.006"

.009"

Over 7/16" to 5/8" incl.

.007"

.007"

.010"

Over 5/8" to 7/8" incl.

.008"

.008"

.012"

Over 7/8" to 1" incl.

.009"

.009"

.013"

Over 1" to 1-1/8" incl.

.010"

.010"

.015"

Over 1-1/8" to 1-1/4" incl.

.011"

.011"

.016"

Over 1-1/4" to 1-3/8" incl.

.012"

.012"

.018"

Over 1-3/8" to 1-1/2" incl.

.014"

.014"

.021"

Over 1-1/2" to 2" incl.

1/64"

1/64"

.023"

Over 2" to 2-1/2" incl.

1/32"

0"

.023"

Over 2-1/2" to 3-1/2" incl.

3/64"

0"

.035"

Over 3-1/2" to 4-1/2" incl.

1/16"

0"

.046"

Over 4-1/2" to 5-1/2" incl.

5/64"

0"

.058"

Over 5-1/2" to 6 1/2" incl.

1/8"

0"

.070"

Over 6-1/2" to 8-1/4" incl.

5/32"

0"

.085"

Over 8-1/4" to 9-1/2" incl.

3/16"

0"

.100"

Over 9-1/2" to 10" incl.

1/4"

0"

.120"

90

Out-of-Round or Square

STRAIGHTNESS TOLERANCE HOT ROLLED STEEL BARS Rounds, Squares, Hexagons, Octagons, Flats, and SpringFlats Measurement is taken on the concave side of the bar with a straight edge. Normal Straightness

Special Straightness

1

1

/4" in any 5 ft.

/8" in any 5 ft.

or 1

/4" x

or

length in ft.

1

/8" x

5

length in ft. 5

Note: Because of warpage, straightness tolerances do not apply to bars if any subsequent heating operation or controlled cooling has been performed. Note: Tolerances shown are based upon ASTM A29

MACHINING ALLOWANCE FOR HOT ROLLED BARS Minimum Stock Removal (diameter) Standard Grades

2% per side

Resulfursized Grades

3% per side

Note: Based on bars within special straightness tolerance. Since straightness is a function of length, additional machining allowance may be required for turning on centers.

91

MASTER WEIGHT TABLES FOR ROUNDS AND SQUARES Weight Per Ft. - in Lbs. Sq. Cor. Size Squares Rounds

Weight Per Ft. - in Lbs. Sq. Cor. Size Squares Rounds

1/8" 9/64" 5/32" 11/64"

.0531 .0672 .0830 .1004

.0417 .0528 .0652 .0789

3/4" 49/64" 25/32" 51/64"

1.9125 1.9930 2.0752 2.1590

1.5021 1.5653 1.6299 1.6957

3/16" 13/64" 7/32" 15/64"

.1195 .1403 .1627 .1868

.0939 .1102 .1278 .1467

13/16" 53/64" 27/32" 55/64"

2.2445 2.3317 2.4205 2.5110

1.7629 1.8313 1.9011 1.9721

1/4" 17/64" 9/32" 19/64"

.2125 .2399 .2689 .2997

.1669 .1884 .2112 .2354

7/8" 57/64" 29/32" 59/64"

2.6031 2.6969 2.7924 2.8895

2.0445 2.1182 2.1931 2.2694

5/16" 21/64" 11/32" 23/64"

.3320 .3661 .4018 .4391

.2608 .2875 .3155 .3449

15/16" 61/64" 31/32" 63/64"

2.9883 3.0887 3.1908 3.2946

2.3470 2.4259 2.5061 2.5876

3/8" 25/64" 13/32" 27/64"

.4781 .5188 .5611 .6051

.3755 .4075 .4407 .4753

1" 1-1/32" 1-1/16" 1-3/32"

3.400 3.616 3.838 4.067

2.6704 2.8399 3.0146 3.1945

7/16" 29/64" 15/32" 31/64"

.6508 .6981 .7471 .7977

.5111 .5483 .5867 .6265

1-1/8" 1-5/32" 1-3/16" 1-7/32"

4.303 4.546 4.795 5.050

3.3797 3.5700 3.7656 3.9664

1/2" 33/64" 17/32" 35/64"

.8500 .9040 .9596 1.0168

.6676 .7100 .7536 .7986

1-1/4" 1-9/32" 1-5/16" 1-11/32"

5.313 5.581 5.587 6.139

4.1724 4.3836 4.6001 4.8218

9/16" 37/64" 19/32" 39/64"

1.0758 1.1364 1.1986 1.2625

.8449 .8925 .9414 .9916

1-3/8" 1-13/32" 1-7/16" 1-15/32"

6.428 6.724 7.026 7.335

5.0486 5.2807 5.5180 5.7606

5/8" 41/64" 21/32" 43/64"

1.3281 1.3954 1.4643 1.5348

1.0431 1.0959 1.1500 1.2054

1-1/2" 1-17/32" 1-9/16" 1-19/32"

7.650 7.972 8.301 8.636

6.0083 6.2612 6.5194 6.7838

11/16" 45/64" 23/32" 47/64"

1.6070 1.6809 1.7564 1.8336

1.2622 1.3202 1.3795 1.4401

1-5/8" 1-21/32" 1-11/16" 1-23/32"

8.978 9.327 9.682 10.044

7.0514 7.3252 7.6043 7.8885

“Round Cornered” squares differ in weight from above schedule. However, round cornered squares can usually be rolled to foot weights shown above when desired.

92

MASTER WEIGHT TABLES FOR ROUNDS AND SQUARES- Continued Weight Per Ft. - in Lbs. Sq. Cor. Size Squares Rounds

Weight Per Ft. - in Lbs. Sq. Cor. Size Squares Rounds

1-3/4" 1-25/32" 1-13/16" 1-27/32"

10.413 10.788 11.170 11.558

8.1780 8.4726 8.7725 9.0776

3" 3-1/32" 3-1/16" 3-3/32"

30.600 31.241 31.888 32.542

24.033 24.537 25.045 25.559

1-7/8" 1-29/32" 1-15/16" 1-31/32"

11.953 12.355 12.763 13.178

9.3880 9.7035 10.0243 10.3502

3-1/8" 3-5/32" 3-3/16" 3-7/32"

33.203 33.871 34.545 35.225

26.078 26.602 27.131 27.666

2" 2-1/32" 2-1/16" 2-3/32"

13.600 14.028 14.463 14.905

10.6814 11.0178 11.3595 11.7063

3-1/4" 3-9/32" 3-5/16" 3-11/32"

35.913 36.606 37.307 38.014

28.206 28.751 29.301 29.856

2-1/8" 2-5/32" 2-3/16" 2-7/32"

15.353 15.808 16.270 16.738

12.0583 12.4156 12.7781 13.1458

3-3/8" 3-13/32" 3-7/16" 3-15/32"

38.728 39.449 40.176 40.910

30.417 30.983 31.554 32.130

2-1/4" 2-9/32" 2-5/16" 2-11/32"

17.213 17.694 18.182 18.677

13.5187 13.8968 14.2802 14.6687

3-1/2" 3-9/16" 3-5/8" 3-11/16"

41.650 43.151 44.678 46.232

32.712 33.891 35.090 36.311

2-3/8" 2-13/32" 2-7/16" 2-15/32"

19.178 19.686 20.201 20.722

15.0625 15.4615 15.8657 16.2751

3-3/4" 3-13/16" 3-7/8" 3-15/16"

47.813 49.420 51.053 52.713

37.552 38.814 40.097 41.401

2-1/2" 2-17/32" 2-9/16" 2-19/32"

21.250 21.785 22.326 22.874

16.6898 17.1096 17.5346 17.9650

4" 4-1/16" 4-1/8" 4-3/16"

54.400 56.113 57.853 59.620

42.726 44.071 45.438 46.825

2-5/8" 2-21/32" 2-11/16" 2-23/32"

23.428 23.989 24.557 25.131

18.4004 18.8410 19.2870 19.7382

4-1/4" 4-5/16" 4-3/8" 4-7/16"

61.413 63.232 65.078 66.951

48.233 49.662 51.112 52.583

2-3/4" 2-25/32" 2-13/16" 2-27/32"

25.713 26.300 26.895 27.496

20.1946 20.656 21.123 21.595

4-1/2" 4-9/16" 4-5/8" 4-11/16"

68.850 70.776 72.728 74.707

54.075 55.587 57.121 58.675

2-7/8" 2-29/32" 2-15/16" 2-31/32"

28.103 28.717 29.338 29.996

22.072 22.555 23.042 23.535

4-3/4" 4-13/16" 4-7/8" 4-15/16"

76.713 78.745 80.803 82.888

60.250 61.846 63.463 65.100

“Round Cornered” squares differ in weight from above schedule. However, round cornered squares can usually be rolled to foot weights shown above when desired.

93

MASTER WEIGHT TABLES FOR ROUNDS AND SQUARES- Continued Weight Per Ft. - in Lbs. Sq. Cor. Size Squares Rounds

Weight Per Ft. - in Lbs. Sq. Cor. Size Squares Rounds

5" 5-1/16" 5-1/8" 5-3/16"

85.000 87.138 89.303 91.495

66.759 68.438 70.139 71.860

7-1/2" 7-9/16" 7-5/8" 7-11/16"

191.25 194.45 197.68 200.93

150.21 152.72 155.26 157.81

5-1/4" 5-5/16" 5-3/8" 5-7/16"

93.713 95.957 98.228 100.526

73.602 75.364 77.148 78.953

7-3/4" 7-13/16" 7-7/8" 7-15/16"

204.21 207.52 210.85 214.21

160.39 162.99 165.60 168.24

5-1/2" 5-9/16" 5-5/8" 5-11/16"

102.850 105.20 107.58 109.98

80.778 82.62 84.49 86.38

8" 8-1/16" 8-1/8" 8-3/16"

217.60 221.01 224.45 227.92

170.90 173.58 176.29 179.01

5-3/4" 5-13/16" 5-7/8" 5-15/16"

112.41 114.87 117.35 119.86

88.29 90.22 92.17 94.14

8-1/4" 8-5/16" 8-3/8" 8-7/16"

231.41 234.93 238.48 242.05

181.75 184.52 187.30 190.11

6" 6-1/16" 6-1/8" 6-3/16"

122.40 124.96 127.55 130.17

96.13 98.15 100.18 102.24

8-1/2" 8-9/16" 8-5/8" 8-11/16"

245.65 249.28 252.93 256.61

192.93 195.78 198.65 201.54

6-1/4" 6-5/16" 6-3/8" 6-7/16"

132.81 135.48 138.18 140.90

104.31 106.41 108.53 110.66

8-3/4" 8-13/16" 8-7/8" 8-15/16"

260.31 264.04 267.80 271.59

204.45 207.38 210.33 213.31

6-1/2" 6-9/16" 6-5/8" 6-11/16"

143.65 146.43 149.23 152.06

112.82 115.00 117.20 119.43

9" 9-1/16" 9-1/8" 9-3/16"

275.40 279.2 283.1 287.0

216.30 219.3 222.4 225.4

6-3/4" 6-13/16" 6-7/8" 6-15/16"

154.91 157.79 160.70 163.64

121.67 123.93 126.22 128.52

9-1/4" 9-5/16" 9-3/8" 9-7/16"

290.9 294.9 298.8 302.8

228.5 231.6 234.7 237.8

7" 7-1/16" 7-1/8" 7-3/16"

166.60 169.59 172.60 175.64

130.85 133.19 135.56 137.95

9-1/2" 9-9/16" 9-5/8" 9-11/16"

306.8 310.9 315.0 319.1

241.0 244.2 247.4 250.6

7-1/4" 7-5/16" 7-3/8" 7-7/16"

178.71 181.81 184.93 188.08

140.36 142.79 145.24 147.71

9-3/4" 9-13/16" 9-7/8" 9-15/32"

323.2 327.4 331.6 335.8

253.9 257.1 260.4 263.7

“Round Cornered” squares differ in weight from above schedule. However, round cornered squares can usually be rolled to foot weights shown above when desired.

94

MASTER WEIGHT TABLES FOR ROUNDS AND SQUARES- Continued Weight Per Ft. - in Lbs. Sq. Cor. Size Squares Rounds

Weight Per Ft. - in Lbs. Sq. Cor. Size Squares Rounds

10" 10-1/16" 10-1/8" 10-3/16"

340.0 344.3 348.5 352.9

267.0 270.4 273.8 277.1

11-3/4" 11-13/16" 11-7/8" 11-15/16"

469.4 474.4 479.5 484.5

368.7 372.6 376.6 380.5

10-1/4" 10-5/16" 10-3/8" 10-7/16"

357.2 361.6 366.0 370.4

280.6 284.0 287.4 290.9

12" 12-1/16" 12-1/8" 12-3/16"

489.6 494.6 499.8 505.0

384.5 388.5 392.5 396.6

10-1/2" 10-9/16" 10-5/8" 10-11/16"

374.9 379.3 383.8 388.4

294.4 297.9 301.5 305.0

12-1/4" 12-5/16" 12-3/8" 12-7/16"

510.2 515.4 520.6 525.9

400.7 404.8 408.9 413.0

10-3/4" 10-13/16" 10-7/8" 10-15/16"

392.9 397.5 402.1 406.7

308.6 312.2 315.8 319.5

12-1/2" 13" 13-1/2" 14"

531.2 575 620 666

417.2 451 487 523

11" 11-1/16" 11-1/8" 11-3/16"

411.4 416.1 420.8 425.5

323.1 326.8 330.5 334.2

14-1/2" 15" 15-1/2" 16"

715 765 817 871

561 601 642 684

11-1/4" 11-5/16" 11-3/8" 11-7/16"

430.3 435.1 439.9 448.8

337.9 341.7 345.5 349.3

16-1/2" 17" 17-1/2" 18"

926 982 1040 1102

727 772 818 865

11-1/2" 11-9/16" 11-5/8" 11-11/16"

449.6 454.6 459.5 464.4

353.1 357.0 360.9 364.8

18-1/2" 19" 19-1/2" 20"

1164 1227 1293 1360

914 964 1015 1068

“Round Cornered” squares differ in weight from above schedule. However, round cornered squares can usually be rolled to foot weights shown above when desired.

95

SPC TERMS X -

The Individual measurement.

X -

(X bar) Average of a subgroup.

=

X -

(X double bar) Average of the X's. Also referred to as the Process Average.

R -

Amount of the difference between the largest and the smallest measurement in each subgroup.

MR - (moving range) The difference between X of the present subgroup and the X of the preceding subgroup. Used with a subgroup size of 1. (R bar) The average of the ranges.

n -

Number of measurements in each subgroup.

k -

Number of subgroups on the control chart.

σ -

(Greek letter Sigma) The measure of dispersion around a central point. Also referred to as the Standard Deviation.

σ -

Estimated σ - uses variation within subgroups to estimate the population standard deviation.

<

R -

UCL - Upper control limit. LCL - Lower control limit. USL - Upper specification limit. LSL - Lower Specification limit. Cp - Indicates the potential capability of the process if it is stable and centered between the upper and lower specification limits. Cpk - Indicates the capability of the process if it is stable and locates the process with respect to the specification limits. Cr -

Capability Ratio = 1/Cp Somtimes expressed as the percent of tolerance used in (%).

96

CALCULATIONS FOR X AND R CHARTS AND CAPABILITY CONTROL CHARTS FOR VARIABLES _

PROCESS CAPABILITY ˆ Estimated_σ (σ) σˆ = R/d2

Calculate the Average (X) and Range (R) of each subgroup

_

X 1 + X2 + . . . . . X n n R = Xmax - Xmin X=

Estimated Process Capability (Cp) Cp =

_ Calculate the Average Range (R) – and the process Average (X)

=

X 1 + X2 + . . . . . X k k

_

R1 + R2 + . . . . . Rk k

X= R=

Estimated Capability Ratio (Cr) Cr = 1/Cp x 100 (%) Estimated Process Capability (Cpk)

Calculate the Control Limits

_

_

=

_

UCLR = D4R

LCL X = X - A2R

LCLR = D3R

_

=

=

=

CPU =

UCL _X = X + A2R

USL - LSL 6σˆ

USL - X 3σˆ

CPL =

X - LSL 3σˆ

CPK = Minimum of CPU or CPL

_

Note:A2, D3, D4, d2 factors are dependent on subgroup size (n). See factor values table. Note:Calculations of Process capability (Cp, Cpk, Cr) are only valid for stable processes.

NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

FACTOR VALUES N D4

=

2

3

4

3.27

2.57

2.28

5

6

12

2.11 2.00 1.72

D3

*

*

*

A2

1.86

1.02

0.73

0.58 0.48 0.27

*

*

0.26

d2

1.13

1.69

2.06

2.33 2.53 3.26

-3σ

* No constant for subgroup sizes below 7.

97

-2σ

-1σ

X +1σ 68.3% 95.4% 99.7%

+2σ +3σ

CONTROL CHARTS FOR ATTRIBUTES The p Chart

The u Chart

_ total nonconformities number of rejects in subgroup _ __________________ p = _________________________ u = total units inspected number inspected in subgroups

______ _ _ 3 p ( 1- p ) _________ UCLP = P + _

_

_ 3

n

n

_

_

_

_

n

n

The np Chart

The u Chart

np = Number of non-conforming units within a sample

c=

_

_

LCL np = np - 3

_

c=

_

Average number of nonconfomities per sample

UCLc = c + 3 c

np (1 - p ) _

The count (number) of nonconformities within a sample

_

np = Average number of nonconforming units per sample _

_

3 u LCLu = u - _____

3 p ( 1- p ) LCLP = P - _________

UCLnp = np + 3

u

UCLu = u + _____

_

LCL c = c - 3 c

np (1 - p )

Identification of Out-of Control Conditions (Each point is a subgroup)

One or More Points Outside Control Limits.

A Run Of 7 Or More Points Increasing.

A Run Of 7 Or More Points Decreasing.

A Run Of 7 Or More Points On Either Side Of Aim Size.

98

GLOSSARY OF METALLURGICAL TERMS Alloying Elements ALUMINUM - Al is used to deoxidize steel and control grain size. Grain size control is effected by forming a fine dispersion with nitrogen and oxygen which restricts austenite grain growth. Aluminum is also an extremely effective nitride former in nitriding steels. BORON - B is usually added between .0005-.003% to significantly increase the hardenability, especially for low carbon alloys. It does not affect the strength of ferrite, therefore not sacrificing ductility, formability or machinability in the annealed state. CALCIUM - Ca is used in certain steels to control the shape, size and distribution of oxide and/or sulfide inclusions. Benefits may include improved ductility, impact strength and machinability. CARBON - C is the most important alloying element which is essential for the formation of cementite, pearlite, spheriodite, bainite, and iron-carbon martensite. Compared to steels with similar microstructures, strength, hardness, hardenability, and ductile-to-brittle transition temperature are increased with increasing carbon content up to approximately .60%. Toughness and ductility of pearlitic steels are decreased with increasing carbon content. CHROMIUM - Cr is used in low alloy steels to increase 1) resistance to corrosion and oxidation, 2) high temperature strength, 3) hardenability, and 4) abrasion resistance in high carbon alloys. Straight chromium steels are susceptible to temper embrittlement and can be brittle. COPPER - Cu is detrimental to hot workability and subsequent surface quality. It is used in certain steels to improve resistance to atmospheric corrosion. LEAD - Pb improves machinability. It does not dissolve in steel but stays as globules. Environmental concerns are resulting in a decreased usage of lead in the steel industry. MANGANESE - Mn is important because it deoxidizes the melt and facilitates hot working of the steel by reducing the susceptibility to hot shortness. It combines with sulfur to form MnS stringers which increases machinability. Manganese contributes to the effectiveness of normalizing for strengthening, to the formation of fine pearlite, and lowers the Ms temperature, therefore increasing the probability of retained austenite.

99

GLOSSARY - continued MOLYBDENUM - Mo increases hardenability of steels and helps maintain a specified hardenability. It increases high temperature tensile and creep strengths. Molybdenum hardened steels require higher tempering temperatures for softening purposes. NICKEL - Ni is used in low alloy steels to reduce the sensitivity of the steel to variations in heat treatment and distortion and cracking on quenching. It also improves low temperature toughness and hardenability. NIOBIUM - Nb (Columbium - Cb) lowers transition temperature and raises the strength of low carbon steel. Niobium increases strength at elevated temperatures, results in finer grain size and forms stable carbides, lowering the hardenability of the steel. NITROGEN - N increases the strength, hardness and machinability of steel, but it decreases the ductility and toughness. In aluminum killed steels, nitrogen combines with the aluminum to provide grain size control, thereby improving both toughness and strength. Nitrogen can reduce the effect of boron on the hardenability of steels. PHOSPHORUS - P is generally restricted to below 0.04 weight percent to minimize its detrimental effect on ductility and toughness. Certain steels may contain higher levels to enhance machinability, strength and/or atmospheric corrosion resistance. SILICON - Si is one of the principal deoxidizers with the amount used dependent on the deoxidization practice. It slightly increases the strength of ferrite without a serious loss of ductility. In larger quantities, it aids the resistance to scaling up to 500°F in air and decreases magnetic hysteresis loss. SULFUR - S is detrimental to transverse strength and impact resistance. It affects longitudinal properties to a lesser degree. Existing primarily in the form of manganese sulfide stringers, sulfur is typically added to improve machinability. TITANIUM - Ti is added to boron steels because it combines with oxygen and nitrogen, thus increasing the effectiveness of boron. Titanium, as titanium nitride, also provides grain size control at elevated temperatures in microalloy steels. In excess, titanium is detrimental to machinability and internal cleanness.

100

GLOSSARY - continued TELLURIUM - Te is added to steel to modify sulfide type inclusion size, morphology and distribution. The resulting sulfide type inclusions are finer and remain ellipsoidal in shape following hot working, thereby improving transverse properties. VANADIUM - V inhibits grain growth during heat treating while improving strength and toughness of hardened and tempered steels. Additions up to .05% increase hardenability whereas larger amounts tend to reduce hardenability because of carbide formation. Vanadium is also utilized in ferrite/pearlite microalloy steels to increase hardness through carbonitride precipitation strengthening of the matrix.

Standard Mill Terminology ANNEALING A treatment consisting of heating uniformly to a temperature, within or above the critical range, and cooling at a controlled rate to a temperature under the critical range. This treatment is used to produce a definite microstructure, usually one designed for best machinability, and/or to remove stresses, induce softness, and alter ductility, toughness or other mechanical properties. BILLET A solid semifinished round or square that has been hot worked usually smaller than a bloom. Also a general term for wrought starting stock for forgings or extrusions. BLOOM A semifinished hot rolled rectangular product. The width of the bloom is no more than twice the thickness and the cross-sectional area is usually not less that 36 square inches. CAPPED STEEL A type of steel similar to rimmed steel, usually cast in a bottle top ingot, in which the application of a mechanical or chemical cap renders the rimming action incomplete by causing the top metal to solidify. DI (Ideal Diameter) The diameter of a round steel bar that will harden at the center to a given percent of martensite when subjected to an ideal quench (i.e., Grossman quench severity H=infinity) ELONGATION In tensile testing, the increase in gage length, measured after the fracture of a specimen within the gage length, usually expressed as a percentage of the original gage length.

101

GLOSSARY - continued END-QUENCH HARDENABILITY TEST (Jominy Test) A laboratory procedure for determining the hardenability of a steel or other ferrous alloy. Hardenability is determined by heating a standard specimen above the upper critical temperature, placing the hot specimen in a fixture so that a stream of cold water impinges on one end, and, after cooling to room temperature is completed, measuring the hardness near the surface of the specimen at regularly spaced intervals along its length. The data are normally plotted as hardness versus distance from the quenched end. HARDNESS Resistance of a metal to plastic deformation, usually by indentation. However, this may also refer to stiffness or temper, or to resistance to scratching, abrasion, or cutting. IMPACT TEST A test to determine the behavior of materials when subjected to high rates of loading, usually in bending, tension or torsion. The quantity measured is the energy absorbed in breaking the specimen by a single blow, as in the Charpy or Izod tests. INGOT A casting of a simple shape which can be used for hot working or remelting. KILLED STEEL Steel treated with a strong deoxidizer to reduce oxygen to a level where no reaction occurs between carbon and oxygen during solidification. LAP A surface imperfection which appears as a seam. It is caused by the folding over of hot metal, fins, or sharp corners and then rolling or forging them into the surface but not welding them. Laps on tubes can form from seams on piercing mill billets. MACHINABILITY This is a generic term for describing the ability of a material to be machined. To be meaningful, machinability must be qualified in terms of tool wear, tool life, chip control, and/or surface finish and integrity. Overall machining performance is affected by a myriad of variables relating to the machining operation and the workpiece. An overall review is provided in the ASM Metals Handbook: Machinability, Ninth Edition, Volume 16, 1989. NORMALIZING A treatment consisting of heating uniformly to temperature at least 100 °F above the critical range and cooling in still air at room temperature. The treatment produces a recrystallization and refinement of the grain structure and gives uniformity in hardness and structure to the product.

102

GLOSSARY - continued PICKLING An operation by which surface oxide (scale) is removed by chemical action. Sulfuric acid is typically used for carbon and low-alloy steels. After the acid bath, the steel is rinsed in water. QUENCHING A treatment consisting of heating uniformly to a predetermined temperature and cooling rapidly in air or liquid medium to produce a desired crystalline structure. REDUCTION OF AREA The difference, expressed as a percentage of original area, between the original cross-sectional area of a tensile test specimen and the minimum cross-sectional area measured after complete separation. RIMMED STEEL A low carbon steel having enough iron oxide to give a continuous evolution of carbon monoxide during solidification giving a rim of material virtually free of voids. SCAB An imperfection which is a flat piece of metal rolled into the steel surface. SEAM A defect on the surface of a metal which appears as a crack. Experience indicates that most seams are created during the cooling or reheating of cast structures. SEMI-KILLED STEEL Incompletely deoxidized steel which contains enough dissolved oxygen to react with the carbon to form carbon monoxide to offset solidification shrinkage. SPHEROIDIZE ANNEAL A special type of annealing that requires an extremely long cycle. This treatment is used to produce globular carbides and maximum softness for best machinability in some analyses, or to improve cold formability. STRAND CASTING (Continuous Casting) Operation in which a cast shape is continuously drawn through the bottom of the mold as it solidifies. The length is not determined by mold dimensions. STRESS RELIEVE TEMPER A thermal treatment to restore elastic properties and to minimize distortion on subsequent machining or hardening operations. This treatment is usually applied to material that has been heat treated (quenched and tempered). Normal practice would be to heat to a temperature 100°F lower than the tempering temperatures used to establish mechanical properties and hardness. Ordinarily, no straightening is performed after the stress relieve temper.

103

GLOSSARY - continued TEMPERING A treatment consisting of heating uniformly to some predetermined temperature under the critical range, holding at that temperature a designated period of time and cooling in air or liquid. This treatment is used to produce one or more of the following end results: A) to soften material for subsequent machining or cold working, B) to improve ductility and relieve stresses resulting from prior treatment or cold working, and C) to produce the desired mechanical properties or structure in the second step of a double treatment. TENSILE STRENGTH In tensile testing, the ratio of maximum load to original crosssectional area. YIELD POINT The first stress in a material, usually less than the maximum attainable stress, at which an increase in strain occurs without an increase in stress. If there is a decrease in stress after yielding, a distinction may be made between upper and lower yield points. YIELD STRENGTH The stress at which a material exhibits a specified deviation from proportionality of stress and strain. An offset of .2% is commonly used.

A A A

A

M

M M M M

B

B B

C

C

Information adapted from ASM and/or SAE publications.

C

_

104

USEFUL EQUATIONS FOR HARDENABLE ALLOY STEELS Ae1 (°F) ~ 1333 - 25 x Mn + 40 x Si + 42 x Cr - 26 x Ni ................. (1) Ae3 (°F) ~ 1570 - 323 x C - 25 x Mn + 80 x Si - 3 x Cr - 32 x Ni ......... (2) Ac1 (°C) ~ 723 -10.7 x Mn + 29.1 x Si +16.9 x Cr -16.9 x Ni + 290 x As + 6.38 x W .............................................................. (3) Ac3 (°C) ~ 910 - 203 x √C + 44.7 x Si - 15.2 x Ni + 31.5 x Mo + 104 x V + 13.1 x W .............................................................. (4) Ms (°F) ~ 930 - 600 x C - 60 x Mn - 20 x Si - 50 x Cr - 30 x Ni 20 x Mo - 20 x W ................................................................. (5) M10 (°F) ~ Ms - 18 ................................................................................ (6) M50 (°F) ~ Ms - 85 ................................................................................ (7) M90 (°F) ~ Ms - 185 .............................................................................. (8) Mf (°F) ~ Ms - 387 .............................................................................. (9) Bs (°F) ~ 1526 - 486 x C - 162 x Mn - 126 x Cr - 67 x Ni 149 x Mo .............................................................................. (10) B50 (°F) ~ Bs - 108 ............................................................................. (11) Bf (°F) ~ Bs - 216 ............................................................................. (12) Carburized Case Depth (in.) ~ .025√t, for 1700°F ............................... (13) Carburized Case Depth (in.) ~ .021√t, for 1650°F ............................... (14) Carburized Case Depth (in.) ~ .018√t, for 1600°F ............................... (15) (t = time in hours)

___________________________________________________________________________ Note: 1 & 2: 3 & 4: 5: 6-12: 13-15:

Each equation above is subject to the chemistry limitations under which it was developed. R. A. Grange, Metal Progress, 79, April 1961, p 73. K. W. Andrews, JISI, 203, 1965, p 721. E. S. Rowland and S. R. Lyle, Trans. ASM, 37, 1946, p 27. W. Steven and A. G. Haynes, JISI, 183, 1956, p 349. F. E. Harris, Metal Progress, 44, August 1943, p 265.

105

HANDY PHYSICAL CONSTANTS Acceleration of gravity, g Density of water

32.17 ft/s2 = 9.807 m/s2 62.4 lbm/ft3 = 1 g/cm3 1 gal H2O = 8.345 lbm

Gas Constant, R Gas volume (STP: 68oF, 1 atm) Joule’s Constant, J Poisson’s ratio, µ

1545 ft-lbf/pmole-R = 8.314 J/gmole-K 359 ft3/pmole = .02241 m3/gmole 778 ft-lbf/BTU .3 (for steel)

Fe-Fe3C eutectoid composition 0.77 w/o carbon Fe-Fe3C eutectoid temperature 1340oF (727oC) Modulus of Elasticity (steel)

30 X 106 psi

Steel Densities: Carbon & Low-Alloy Steels 304 SS Tool Steels Moly High Speed Multiphase Alloys

0.283 lbm/in3 = 7.84 g/cm3 0.29 lbm/in3 = 7.88 g/cm3 Carbon Steels X 1.000 Carbon Steels X 1.035 Carbon Steels X 1.074

Steel Tensile Strength (psi)

~ 500 X Brinell Number

SI PREFIXES giga mega kilo milli micro nano

G M k m m n

106

109 106 103 10-3 10-6 10-9

ENGINEERING CONVERSION FACTORS Explanation of Dimensional Units All table entries are categorized according to their specific combination of basic dimensions of Length [L], Mass [M] and Time [t]. For example, all units of force have the dimensions [M][L][t]-2. The following better illustrates this convention: Force = [M][L][t]-2 = (Mass) X (Acceleration) 1 kgf = (1 kg) X (9.80665 m/s2)

Example Conversion Meters to Yards (50 m) X (3.28084 ft/m) X (1/3 yd/ft) = 54.68066 yd

Significant Digits The convention is to retain the number of digits which correctly infers the known accuracy of the numbers involved. Normally, this means using the same number of significant digits as occur in the original number. For the above example, the answer would therefore be rounded to 55 yards. When the accuracy of the measurement is known, additional digits may become significant. For example, if the measurement of 50 meters is known to be accurate to .01 meters (.0109 yards), then the conversion result may be rounded to 54.58 yards.

107

* Indicates exact conversion(s)

108

CONVERSION FACTORS - Continued

Multiplier to Convert to Convert Mass Density [M] [L]-3 lbm/in3 27.68 lbm/ft3 16.0184

0.03613 0.062428

g/cm3 kg/m3

Power [M] [L]2 [t]-3 Btu/hr 0.292875 ft-lbf/s 1.355818 Horsepower (hp) 745.6999 Horsepower 550.*

3.41443 0.737562 1.341022 E-3 0.001818

Watt (W) W W ft-lbf/s

Pressure (fluid) [M] [L]-1 [t]-2 Atmosphere (atm) 14.696 atm 1.01325 E5* 47.88026 lbf/ft2 2 lbf/in 27.6807

0.068046 9.869233 E-6 2.088543 E-2 0.036126

lbf/in2 Pascal (Pa) Pa in. H20 at 39.2°F

Stress [M] [L]-1 [t]-2 kgf/cm2 9.80665 E-2* ksi 6.89476 N/mm2 1. kgf/mm2 1.42231

0.101972 E2 0.145038 1. .70307

MPa MPa MPa ksi

Volume [L]3 & Capacity in3 16.3871 ft3 0.028317 3 ft 7.4805 3 ft 28.3168 Gallon 3.785412

0.061024 35.3147 0.133681 0.035315 0.264172

cm3 m3 Gallon Liter (l) Liter

Specific Heat Btu/lbm-°F

1.

1.

cal/g-°C

Temperature* Fahrenheit Fahrenheit Celsius Rankine

(°F-32) /1.8 °F+459.67 °C+273.16 R/1.8

1.8(°C) +32 R-459.67 K-273.16 1.8(K)

Celsius Rankine Kelvin Kelvin

.067197

cal-cm/hr-cm2-°C

Thermal Conductivity Btu-ft/hr-ft2-°F 14.8816

* Indicates exact conversion(s)

109

METRIC-ENGLISH STRESS CONVERSION TABLE Kg Per Sq Mm to Psi to M Pa M Pa

Kg per sq mm

Psi

M Pa

Kg per sq mm

Psi

M Pa

Kg per sq mm

Psi

M Pa

14,223 15,646 17,068 18,490 19,913

98.1 107.9 117.7 127.5 137.3

50 51 52 53 54

71,117 72,539 73,962 75,384 76,806

490.3 500.1 510.0 519.8 529.6

90 91 92 93 94

128,011 129,433 130,855 132,278 133,700

882.6 892.4 902.2 912.0 921.8

130 131 132 133 134

184,904 186,327 187,749 189,171 190,594

1274.9 1284.7 1294.5 1304.3 1314.1

15 16 17 18 19

21,335 22,757 24,180 25,602 27,024

147.1 156.9 166.7 176.5 186.3

55 56 57 58 59

78,229 79,651 81,073 82,496 83,918

539.4 549.2 559.0 568.8 578.6

95 96 97 98 99

135,122 136,545 137,967 139,389 140,812

931.6 941.4 951.2 961.0 970.9

135 136 137 138 139

192,016 193,438 194,861 196,283 197,705

1323.9 1333.7 1343.5 1353.3 1363.1

20 21 22 23 24

28,447 29,869 31,291 32,714 34,136

196.1 205.9 215.7 225.6 235.4

60 61 62 63 64

85,340 86,763 88,185 89,607 91,030

588.4 598.2 608.0 617.8 622.6

100 101 102 103 104

142,234 980.7 140 199,128 143,656 990.5 141 200,550 145,079 1000.3 142 201,972 146,501 1010.1 143 203,395 147,923 1020.0 144 204,817

1372.9 1382.7 1392.5 1402.4 1412.2

25 26 27 28 29

35,558 36,981 38,403 39,826 41,248

245.2 255.0 264.8 274.6 284.4

65 66 67 68 69

92,452 93,874 95,297 96,719 98,141

637.4 647.2 657.0 666.9 676.7

105 106 107 108 109

149,346 150,768 152,190 153,613 155,035

1029.7 1039.5 1049.3 1059.1 1068.9

145 146 147 148 149

206,239 207,662 209,084 210,506 211,929

1422.0 1431.8 1441.6 1451.4 1461.2

30 31 32 33 34

42,670 44,093 45,515 46,937 48,360

294.2 304.0 313.8 323.6 333.4

70 71 72 73 74

99,564 100,986 102,408 103,831 105,253

686.5 696.3 706.1 715.9 725.7

110 111 112 113 114

156,457 157,880 159,302 160,724 162,147

1078.7 1088.5 1098.3 1108.2 1118.0

150 151 152 153 154

213,351 214,773 216,196 217,618 219,040

1471.0 1480.8 1490.6 1500.4 1510.2

35 36 37 38 39

49,782 51,204 52,627 54,049 55,471

343.2 353.0 362.8 372.7 382.5

75 76 77 78 79

106,675 108,098 109,520 110,943 112,365

735.5 745.3 755.1 764.9 774.7

115 116 117 118 119

163,569 164,991 166,414 167,836 169,258

1127.8 1137.6 1147.4 1157.2 1167.0

155 156 157 158 159

220,463 221,885 223,307 224,730 226,152

1520.0 1529.8 1539.6 1549.5 1559.3

40 41 42 43 44

56,894 58,316 59,738 61,161 62,583

393.3 402.1 411.9 421.7 431.5

80 81 82 83 84

113,787 115,210 116,632 118,054 119,477

784.5 794.3 804.1 814.0 823.8

120 121 122 123 124

170,681 172,103 173,525 174,948 176,370

1176.8 1186.6 1196.4 1206.2 1216.0

45 46 47 48 49

64,005 65,428 66,850 68,272 69,695

441.3 451.1 460.9 470.7 480.5

85 86 87 88 89

120,899 122,321 123,744 125,166 126,588

833.6 843.4 853.2 863.0 872.8

125 126 127 128 129

177,792 179,215 180,637 182,059 183,482

1225.8 1235.6 1245.4 1255.3 1265.1

Kg per sq mm

Psi

10 11 12 13 14

110

WORK-ENERGY CONVERSION TABLE ft.-lbf

0.7376 1.4751 2.2127 2.9502 3.6878 4.4254 5.1629 5.9005 6.6381 7.3756 8.1132 8.8507 9.5883 10.3259 11.0634 11.8010 12.5386 13.2761 14.0137 14.7512 15.4888 16.2264 16.9639 17.7015 18.4391 19.1766 19.9142 20.6517 21.3893 22.1269 22.8644 23.6020 24.3396 25.0771 25.8147 26.5522 27.2898 28.0274 28.7649 29.5025 30.2400 30.9776 31.7152 32.4527 33.1903 33.9279 34.6654 35.4030 36.1405 36.8781

joules

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

ft.-lbf

37.6157 51 38.3532 52 39.0908 53 39.8284 54 40.5659 55 41.3035 56 42.0410 57 42.7786 58 43.5162 59 44.2537 60 44.9913 61 45.7289 62 46.4664 63 47.2040 64 47.9415 65 48.6791 66 49.4167 67 50.1542 68 50.8918 69 51.6294 70 52.3669 71 53.1045 72 53.8420 73 54.5796 74 55.3172 75 56.0547 76 56.7923 77 57.5298 78 58.2674 79 59.0050 80 59.7425 81 60.4801 82 61.2177 83 61.9552 84 62.6928 85 63.4303 86 64.1679 87 64.9055 88 65.6430 89 66.3806 90 67.1182 91 67.8557 92 68.5933 93 69.3308 94 70.0684 95 70.8060 96 71.5435 97 72.2811 98 73.0186 99 73.7562 100

1.356 2.712 4.067 5.423 6.779 8.135 9.491 10.847 12.202 13.558 14.914 16.270 17.626 18.981 20.337 21.693 23.049 24.405 25.761 27.116 28.472 29.828 31.184 32.540 33.895 35.251 36.607 37.963 39.319 40.675 42.030 43.386 44.742 46.098 47.454 48.809 50.165 51.521 52.877 54.233 55.589 56.944 58.300 59.656 61.012 62.368 63.723 65.079 66.435 67.791

Examples: 1 ft-lbf = 1.356 joules 1 joule = 0.7376 ft-lbf

111

joules

69.147 70.503 71.858 73.214 74.570 75.926 77.282 78.637 79.993 81.349 82.705 84.061 85.417 86.772 88.128 89.484 90.840 92.196 93.551 94.907 96.263 97.619 98.975 100.331 101.686 103.042 104.398 105.754 107.110 108.465 109.821 111.177 112.533 113.889 115.245 116.600 117.956 119.312 120.668 122.024 123.379 124.735 126.091 127.447 128.803 130.159 131.514 132.870 134.226 135.582

TABLES FOR CONVERSION FROM INCHES INTO MILLIMETERS Inches 1

/64

1

/32 3

/64

1

/16 5

/64

3

/32 7

/64

1

/8 9

/64

5

/32 11

/64

3

/16 13

/64

7

/32 15

/64

1

/4 17

/64

9

/32 19

/64

5

/16 21

/64

11

/32 23

/64

3

/8 25

/64

13

/32 27

/64

7

/16 29

/64

15

/32 31

/64

1

/2

Millimeters .015625

.031250 .046875 .062500 .078125 .093750 .109375 .125000 .140625 .156250 .171875 .187500 .203125 .218750 .234375 .250000 .265625 .281250 .296875 .312500 .328125 .343750 .359375 .375000 .390625 .406250 .421875 .437500 .453125 .468750 .484375 .500000

*On the basis of the conversion factor 1 in. = 25.4 mm.

112

.396875 .793750 1.190625 1.587500 1.984375 2.381250 2.778125 3.175000 3.571875 3.968750 4.365625 4.762500 5.159375 5.556250 5.953125 6.350000 6.746875 7.143750 7.540625 7.937500 8.334375 8.731250 9.128125 9.525000 9.921875 10.318750 10.715625 11.112500 11.509375 11.906250 12.303125 12.700000

TABLES FOR CONVERSION - Continued

Inches

Millimeters

33

/64

17

/32 35

/64

9

/16 37

/64

19

/32 39

/64

5

/8 41

/64

21

/32 43

/64

11

/16 45

/64

23

/32 47

/64

3

/4 49

/64

25

/32 51

/64

13

/16 53

/64

27

/32 55

/64

7

/8 57

/64

29

/32 59

/64

15

/16 61

/64

31

/32 63

/64

1 (All the values in these tables are exact).

113

.515625

.531250 .546875 .562500 .578125 .593750 .609375 .625000 .640625 .656250 .671875 .687500 .703125 .718750 .734375 .750000 .765625 .781250 .796875 .812500 .828125 .843750 .859375 .875000 .890625 .906250 .921875 .937500 .953125 .968750 .984375 1.000000

13.096875 13.493750 13.890625 14.287500 14.684375 15.081250 15.478125 15.875000 16.271875 16.668750 17.065625 17.462500 17.859375 18.256250 18.653125 19.050000 19.446875 19.843750 20.240625 20.637500 21.034375 21.431250 21.828125 22.225000 22.621875 23.018750 23.415625 23.812500 24.209375 24.606250 25.003125 25.400000

TEMPERATURE CONVERSION TABLES Albert Sauveur type of table. Values revised. —459.4 to 0

0 to 100

C

F/C

F

C

-273 -268 -262 -257 -251

-459.4 -450 -440 -430 -420

-17.8 -17.2 -16.7 -16.1 -15.6

-246 -240 -234 -229 -223

-410 -400 -390 -380 -370

-218 -212 -207 -201 -196

-360 -350 -340 -330 -320

-190 -184 -179 -173 -169

F/C

100 to 1000

F

C

F/C

F

C

F/C

F

C

0 1 2 3 4

32 33.8 35.6 37.4 39.2

10.0 10.6 11.1 11.7 12.2

50 51 52 53 54

122.0 123.8 125.6 127.4 129.2

38 43 49 54 60

100 110 120 130 140

212 230 248 266 284

260 266 271 277 282

F/C

500 932 510 950 520 968 530 986 540 1004

-15.0 -14.4 -13.9 -13.3 -12.8

5 6 7 8 9

41.0 42.8 44.6 46.4 48.2

12.8 13.3 13.9 14.4 15.0

55 56 57 58 59

131.0 132.8 134.6 136.4 138.2

66 71 77 82 88

150 160 170 180 190

302 320 338 356 374

288 293 299 304 310

550 560 570 580 590

1022 1040 1058 1076 1094

-12.2 -11.7 -11.1 -10.6 -10.0

10 11 12 13 14

50.0 51.8 53.6 55.4 57.2

15.6 16.1 16.7 17.2 17.8

60 61 62 63 64

140.0 141.8 143.6 145.4 147.2

93 99 100 104 110

200 210 212 220 230

392 410 413.6 428 446

316 321 327 332 338

600 610 620 630 640

1112 1130 1148 1166 1184

-310 -300 -290 -280 -273 -459.4

-9.4 -8.9 -8.3 -7.8 -7.2

15 16 17 18 19

59.0 60.8 62.6 64.4 66.2

18.3 18.9 19.4 20.0 20.6

65 66 67 68 69

149.0 150.8 152.6 154.4 156.2

116 121 127 132 138

240 250 260 270 280

464 482 500 518 536

343 349 354 360 366

650 660 670 680 690

1202 1220 1238 1256 1274

-168 -162 -157 -151 -146

-270 -260 -250 -240 -230

-454 -436 -418 -400 -382

-6.7 -6.1 -5.6 -5.0 -4.4

20 21 22 23 24

68.0 69.8 71.6 73.4 75.2

21.1 21.7 22.2 22.8 23.3

70 71 72 73 74

158.0 159.8 161.6 163.4 165.2

143 149 154 160 166

290 300 310 320 330

554 572 590 608 626

371 377 382 388 393

700 710 720 730 740

1292 1310 1328 1346 1364

-140 -134 -129 -123 -118

-220 -210 -200 -190 -180

-364 -346 -328 -310 -292

-3.9 -3.3 -2.8 -2.2 -1.7

25 26 27 28 29

77.0 78.8 80.6 82.4 84.2

23.9 24.4 25.0 25.6 26.1

75 76 77 78 79

167.0 168.8 170.6 172.4 174.2

171 177 182 188 193

340 350 360 370 380

644 662 680 698 716

399 404 410 416 421

750 760 770 780 790

1382 1400 1418 1436 1454

-112 -107 -101 -96 -90

-170 -160 -150 -140 -130

-274 -256 -238 -220 -202

-1.1 - .6 0 .6 1.1

30 31 32 33 34

86.0 87.8 89.6 91.4 93.2

26.7 27.2 27.8 28.3 28.9

80 81 82 83 84

176.0 177.8 179.6 181.4 183.2

199 204 210 216 221

390 400 410 420 430

734 752 770 788 806

427 432 438 443 449

800 810 820 830 840

1472 1490 1508 1526 1544

-84 -79 -73 -68 -62

-120 -110 -100 -90 -80

-184 -166 -148 -130 -112

1.7 2.2 2.8 3.3 3.9

35 95.0 36 96.8 37 98.6 38 100.4 39 102.2

29.4 30.0 30.6 31.1 31.7

85 86 87 88 89

185.0 186.8 188.6 190.4 192.2

227 232 238 243 249

440 450 460 470 480

824 842 860 878 896

454 460 466 471 477

850 860 870 880 890

1562 1580 1598 1616 1634

-57 -51 -46 -40 -34

-70 -60 -50 -40 -30

-94 -76 -58 -40 -22

4.4 5.0 5.6 6.1 6.7

40 41 42 43 44

104.0 105.8 107.6 109.4 111.2

32.2 32.8 33.3 33.9 34.4

90 91 92 93 94

194.0 195.8 197.6 199.4 201.2

254

490 914 482 488 493 499 504

900 910 920 930 940

1652 1670 1688 1706 1724

-29 -23 -17.8

-20 -10 0

-4 14 32

7.2 7.8 8.3 8.9 9.4

45 46 47 48 49

113.0 114.8 116.6 118.4 120.2

35.0 95 35.6 96 36.1 97 36.7 98 37.2 99 37.8 100

203.0 204.8 206.6 208.4 210.2 212.0

510 516 521 527 532 538

950 960 970 980 990 1000

1742 1760 1778 1796 1814 1832

Look up reading in middle column. If in degress Celsius, read Fahrenheit equivalent in right hand column; if in Fahrenheit degrees, read Celsius equivalent in left hand column.

114

F

Albert Sauveur type of table. Values revised. 1000 to 2000 C

F/C

F

538 543 549 554 560

1000 1010 1020 1030 1040

566 571 577 582 588

2000 to 3000

C

F/C

F

C

F/C

1832 1850 1868 1886 1904

816 821 827 832 838

1500 1510 1520 1530 1540

2732 2750 2768 2786 2804

F

F/C

F

1093 1099 1104 1110 1116

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040

3632 3650 3668 3686 3704

1371 1377 1382 1388 1393

1050 1060 1070 1080 1090

1922 1940 1958 1976 1994

843 849 854 860 866

1550 1560 1570 1580 1590

593 599 604 610 616

1100 1110 1120 1130 1140

2012 2030 2048 2066 2084

871 877 882 888 893

621 627 632 638 643

1150 1160 1170 1180 1190

2102 2120 2138 2156 2174

649 654 660 666 671

1200 1210 1220 1230 1240

677 682 688 693 699

C

2500 2510 2520 2530 2540

4532 4650 4568 4586 4604

2822 2840 2858 2876 2894

1121 1127 1132 1138 1143

2050 2060 2070 2080 2090

3722 3740 3758 3776 3794

1399 1404 1410 1416 1421

2550 2560 2570 2580 2590

4622 4640 4658 4676 4694

1600 1610 1620 1630 1640

2912 2930 2948 2966 2984

1149 1154 1160 1166 1171

2100 2110 2120 2130 2140

3812 3830 3848 3866 3884

1427 1432 1438 1443 1449

2600 2610 2620 2630 2640

4712 4730 4748 4766 4784

899 904 910 916 921

1650 1660 1670 1680 1690

3002 3020 3038 3056 3074

1177 1182 1188 1193 1199

2150 2160 2170 2180 2190

3902 3920 3938 3956 3974

1454 1460 1466 1471 1477

2650 2660 2670 2680 2690

4802 4820 4838 4856 4874

2192 2210 2228 2246 2264

927 932 938 943 949

1700 1710 1720 1730 1740

3092 3110 3128 3146 3164

1204 1210 1216 1221 1227

2200 2210 2220 2230 2240

3992 4010 4028 4046 4064

1482 1488 1493 1499 1504

2700 2710 2720 2730 2740

4892 4910 4928 4946 4964

1250 1260 1270 1280 1290

2282 2300 2318 2336 2354

954 960 966 971 977

1750 1760 1770 1780 1790

3182 3200 3218 3236 3254

1232 1238 1243 1249 1254

2250 2260 2270 2280 2290

4082 4100 4118 4136 4154

1510 1516 1521 1527 1532

2750 2760 2770 2780 2790

4982 5000 5018 5036 5054

704 710 716 721 727

1300 1310 1320 1330 1340

2372 2390 2408 2426 2444

982 988 993 999 1004

1800 1810 1820 1830 1840

3272 3290 3308 3326 3344

1260 1266 1271 1277 1282

2300 2310 2320 2330 2340

4172 4190 4208 4226 4244

1538 1543 1549 1554 1560

2800 2810 2820 2830 2840

5072 5090 5108 5126 5144

732 738 743 749 754

1350 1360 1370 1380 1390

2462 2480 2498 2516 2534

1010 1016 1021 1027 1032

1850 1860 1870 1880 1890

3362 3380 3398 3416 3434

1288 1293 1299 1304 1310

2350 2360 2370 2380 2390

4262 4280 4298 4316 4334

1566 1571 1577 1582 1588

2850 2860 2870 2880 2890

5162 5180 5198 5216 5234

760 766 771 777 782

1400 1410 1420 1430 1440

2552 2570 2588 2606 2624

1038 1043 1049 1054 1060

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940

3452 3470 3488 3506 3524

1316 1321 1327 1332 1338

2400 2410 2420 2430 2440

4352 4370 4388 4406 4424

1593 1599 1604 1610 1616

2900 2910 2920 2930 2940

5252 5270 5288 5306 5324

788 793 799 804 810

1450 1460 1470 1480 1490

2642 2660 2678 2696 2714

1066 1071 1077 1082 1088 1093

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

3542 3560 3578 3596 3614 3632

1343 1349 1354 1360 1366

2450 2460 2470 2480 2490

4442 4460 4478 4496 4514

1621 1627 1632 1638 1643 1649

2950 2960 2970 2980 2990 3000

5342 5360 5378 5396 5414 5432

Look up reading in middle column. If in degress Celsius, read Fahrenheit equivalent in right hand column; if in Fahrenheit degrees, read Celsius equivalent in left hand column.

115

HARDNESS CONVERSION TABLES BASED ON BRINELL (APPROXIMATE) BRINELL HARDNESS Diameter Tungsten mm Carbide 3000 Kg 10 mm Ball

ROCKWELL HARDNESS A-Scale B-Scale 60 Kg 100 Kg Brale 1/16" Ball

Diamond Pyramid C-Scale Hardness 150 Kg Superficial Number Brale 30 N (Vickers)

Approx. Tensile Stength 1000 psi

.... .... .... .... ....

.... .... .... .... 757

86.5 86.0 85.6 85.0 84.4

.... .... .... .... ....

70.0 69.0 68.0 67.0 65.9

86.0 85.0 84.4 83.6 82.7

1076 1004 940 900 860

.... .... .... .... ....

2.25 .... .... 2.35 2.40

745 722 710 682 653

84.1 83.4 83.0 82.2 81.2

.... .... .... .... ....

65.3 64.0 63.3 61.7 60.0

82.2 81.1 80.4 79.0 77.5

840 800 780 737 697

.... .... .... .... ....

2.45 2.50 2.55 2.60 2.65

627 601 578 555 534

80.5 79.8 79.1 78.4 77.8

.... .... .... .... ....

58.7 57.3 56.0 54.7 53.5

76.3 75.1 73.9 72.7 71.6

667 640 615 591 569

323 309 297 285 274

2.70 2.75 2.80 2.85 2.90

514 495 477 461 444

76.9 76.3 75.6 74.9 74.2

.... .... .... .... ....

52.1 51.0 49.6 48.5 47.1

70.3 69.4 68.2 67.2 65.8

547 528 508 491 472

263 253 243 235 225

2.95 3.00 3.05 3.10 3.15

429 415 401 388 375

73.4 72.8 72.0 71.4 70.6

.... .... .... .... ....

45.7 44.5 43.1 41.8 40.4

64.6 63.5 62.3 61.1 59.9

455 440 425 410 396

217 210 202 195 188

3.20 3.25 3.30 3.35 3.40

363 352 341 331 321

70.0 69.3 68.7 68.1 67.5

.... (110.0) (109.0) (108.5) (108.0)

39.1 37.9 36.6 35.5 34.3

58.7 57.6 56.4 55.4 54.3

383 372 360 350 339

182 176 170 166 160

3.45 3.50 3.55 3.60 3.65

311 302 293 285 277

66.9 66.3 65.7 65.3 64.6

(107.5) (107.0) (106.0) (105.5) (104.5)

33.1 32.1 30.9 29.9 28.8

53.3 52.2 51.2 50.3 49.3

328 319 309 301 292

155 150 145 141 137

116

HARDNESS CONVERSION TABLES - Continued BRINELL HARDNESS Diameter Tungsten mm Carbide 3000 Kg 10 mm Ball

ROCKWELL HARDNESS A-Scale B-Scale 60 Kg 100 Kg Brale 1/16" Ball

Diamond Pyramid Approx. C-Scale Hardness Tensile 150 Kg Superficial Number Stength Brale 30 N (Vickers) 1000 psi

3.70 3.75 3.80 3.85 3.90

269 262 255 248 241

64.1 63.6 63.0 62.5 61.8

(104.0) (103.0) (102.0) (101.0) 100.0

27.6 26.6 25.4 24.2 22.8

48.3 47.3 46.2 45.1 43.9

284 276 269 261 253

133 129 126 122 118

3.95 4.00 4.05 4.10 4.15

235 229 223 217 212

61.4 60.8 59.7 59.2 58.5

99.0 98.2 97.3 96.4 95.5

21.7 20.5 (18.8) (17.5) (16.0)

42.9 41.9 .... .... ....

247 241 234 228 222

115 111 .... 105 102

4.20 4.25 4.30 4.35 4.40

207 201 197 192 187

57.8 57.4 56.9 56.5 55.9

94.6 93.8 92.8 91.9 90.7

(15.2) (13.8) (12.7) (11.5) (10.0)

.... .... .... .... ....

218 212 207 202 196

100 98 95 93 90

4.45 4.50 4.55 4.60 4.65

183 179 174 170 167

55.5 55.0 53.9 53.4 53.0

90.0 89.0 87.8 86.8 86.0

(9.0) (8.0) (6.4) (5.4) (4.4)

.... .... .... .... ....

192 188 182 178 175

89 87 85 83 81

4.70 4.80 4.90 5.00 5.10

163 156 149 143 137

52.5 51.0 49.9 48.9 47.4

85.0 82.9 80.8 78.7 76.4

(3.3) (.9) .... .... ....

.... .... .... .... ....

171 163 156 150 143

79 76 73 71 67

5.20 5.30 5.40 5.50 5.60

131 126 121 116 111

46.0 45.0 43.9 42.8 41.9

74.0 72.0 69.8 67.6 65.7

.... .... .... .... ....

.... .... .... .... ....

137 132 127 122 117

65 63 60 58 56

Values in ( ) are beyond normal range and are given for information only. The Brinell values in this table are based on the use of a 10mm tungsten carbide ball; at hardness levels of 429 Brinell and below, the values obtained with the tungsten carbide ball, the Hultgren ball, and the standard ball are the same.

117

TIMKEN DESFORD STEEL A UNIT OF THE TIMKEN COMPANY Kirby Muxloe Leicester, LE9 2BJ England Telephone ++ 44 (0) 1455 826400 FAX ++ 44 (0) 1455 824815 Timken France Boite Postale No 89 2, Rue Timken Colmar Cedex 68002 Telephone: (33) 389-21-4444

MPB - Medemblik Overleek 9 1671GD Medemblik The Netherlands Telephone: (31) 227-54-2344

118

TIMKEN LATROBE STEEL A TIMKEN COMPANY SUBSIDIARY 2626 Ligonier Street P.O. Box 31 Latrobe, PA 15650-0031 724-537-7711 FAX: 724-532-6316 Timken Latrobe Steel Special Products Latrobe, PA 15650-0031 724-537-7711 FAX: 724-532-6529 Sandycreek Service Center Franklin, PA 16323 814-432-8575 FAX: 814-432-5707 Timken Latrobe Steel Distribution Marlborough, MA 01752 800-444-4447 FAX: 508-481-6581 Youngstown, OH 44501-1286 800-321-6446 FAX: 330-743-4425 Timken Latrobe Steel Distribution (Koncor) Wauseon, OH 43567-9700 419-335-8010 FAX: 800-533-4299 Timken Latrobe Steel – Europe, Ltd. Sheffield, England S9 2SD (44) 114 249-1414 FAX: (44) 114 261-8714

119

THE TIMKEN COMPANY GENERAL OFFICES 1835 Dueber Avenue SW Canton, Ohio 44706-2798 1-800-223-1954 www.timken.com

U.S. REGIONAL SALES OFFICES ATLANTA 5335 Fulton Industrial Blvd. P.O. Box #43224 Atlanta, Georgia 30336-2401 404-349-4400 Fax: 404-349-7799

DETROIT 31100 Telegraph Road, Suite 270 Bingham Farms, Michigan 48025-4365 248-433-2090 Fax: 248-433-2227 HOUSTON 2901 Wilcrest Dr. Suite 210 Houston, Texas 77042-3359 713-784-2278 Fax: 713-783-0096

CHICAGO 20W041 101st Street Lemont, Illinois 60439 630-739-8560 Fax: 630-739-8561 CINCINNATI 8845 Governor’s Hill Drive Suite 200 Cincinnati, Ohio 45249-3310 513-677-8118 Fax: 513-677-8489

PHILADELPHIA 409 Mountainview Dr. Wayne, PA 19087-5533 610-578-0170 Fax: 610-578-0171

CLEVELAND 30575 Bainbridge Road, Suite 280 Solon, Ohio 44139 440-349-1939 Fax: 440-498-0563

INTERNATIONAL SALES OFFICES 330-471-3031 FAX: 330-471-7073 Timken de Mexico SA de CV Juan FDZ Albarran No. 38 Zona Ind. San Pablo Xalpa 5409 Tlalnepautla Edo. de Mexico Mexico Telephone: (52) 5-726-9825

Timken do Brasil Ltd. Sao Paulo Brg Plt/Off Rua Eng. Mesquita Sampaio, 714 Sao Paulo 04711 Brazil Telephone: (55) 11-5181-1233

120