Ppt 1

Communication The process of the exchange of information between a sender and a receiver through a medium (channel) which results in shared feedback.

Channels of Communication FORMAL CHANNELS • Downward Communication • Upward Communication INFORMAL CHANNELS • Horizontal Communication • “Management by Walking Around” • Grapevine

Communication Management • Conceptual Skill--Ability to solve problems and demonstrate decision-making skills • Technical Skill--Ability to demonstrate knowledge through tactile techniques • Human Skill--Ability to interact with people

Corporate Culture Myths • Myth One: Corporate Culture is a homogeneous organizational characteristic • Myth Two: All members of the organization share the same values, beliefs, and traditions • Myth Three: The leaders of the organization have the ability to shape the corporate culture • Myth Four: All organizations should strive for one culture

Culture vs. Climate • Culture is defined as the values and beliefs shared by the members of a society; a set of shared assumptions and understandings about organizational functionings (the ‘why do things happen the way they do’) • Climate refers to the ways organizations operationalize the themes that pervade everyday behavior--the routines of organizations and the behaviors that get rewarded, supported, and expected by organizations (the ‘what happens around here’)

Communication Networks • Chain Network--Traditional organizational structure (Layered) • Wheel Network--Very centralized, autocratic • Circle Network--Participative organization • Star Network--Laissez-faire “free rein” organization

Ethics • Guidelines which help to identify what is right and what is wrong behavior. • Acting responsibly for the common good • Telling the truth • Avoiding misleading others • Sharing vital information

Five Steps in the Communication Process • The sender has an idea (encoding) • The message is planned, organized, and sent • The message (type) is sent through a channel (medium) • The receiver reacts to the message (decoding) • Effective communication results in shared feedback

Communication Signals • Sign language: All symbols • Action Language: Kinesics, gestures • Object Language: Intentional and unintentional displays The meaning may be construed in many ways by the sender and receiver. Ex: the sign of victory, the “ok” sign, the words “sorry, torch, buns,” the biggest rock.

Words, Words, Words • • • • • • • • • • •

Idioms: Pet expressions, jargon Euphemisms Offensive, sexist language Biased language Stereotyped language Illiterate language Formal language Colloquial language “Ese, Ize” language Redundant language Cliche’

The written message • • • • • • • •

Writing style Format Message (Purpose--Why) Audience (Who) Content (What) Timeliness (When) Medium (How) Tone

A Brave New World of Words • Twenty-five percent of words added to the dictionary in 1998 were computer -generated • A normal adult uses 20,000 words regularly • The English language contains a million words--give or take. • The ten most looked up words on Webster web site were (in order): paradigm, love, thesaurus, ubiquitous, HTML, effect, gry, affect, home, dog

Sample of 100 Words Added in 1998 • • • • • • • • •

Action figure adrenalized apoptosis bloviate bottom-feeder buffalo wing cellaphone noodle chat room comfort food

day job euro F/X gazillion newbie ramen trash talk yuppie flu netiquette

And the infamous word in 1998 • Is-– The Starr Report: “salacious” – “Censure” was the most looked up word on 12/10/98

And if you were afraid to ask: • Gry is a measure equal to one-tenth of a line. • Only two words in the English language end in “gry”--hungry and angry • And to be honest, the word gry is outdated/obsolete and no longer used by ordinary people!

And more on words... • The word with the most definitions is “set” • The 50 most frequently used words in English account for 45 percent of the total volume of words used. • In a recent study conducted OC Register (12/22/98) college students were asked the meaning of a few words added to Webster’s dictionary such as:

The Words…. • • • • • • •

Ramen Bloviate Frisee Gopik Kroon Meme Stotin

Let’s see how you fared! • Bloviate: – to speak or write verbosely or windily

• Frisee: – curly chicory leaves, used in a salad, also called frisee lettuce

• Gopik: – a kind of money, from Russia and Azerbaijan

• Kroon: – a kind of money, Estonia

• Meme: – an idea or behavior, style, or usage that spreads from person to person within a culture

• Stotin: – A money, from Slovenia

And Today our Language is... • Less Formal and Eloquent • More Comprehensible and Concise

• A communication revolution has taken place in the last 100 years. – Language is more technical and specialized; therefore, the English common core language has increased from 65,000 words to over 160,000 words

The C’s of Writing • Completeness--Providing all the info needed to promote effective communication • Conciseness--Providing all the info in a clear, brief manner • Courteousness--The tone of the message (empathy with the reader) • Clarity--Delivering the message in the manner intended. • Considerately--Using language the reader will understand • Correctness--The facts, spelling, grammar, and essential details add to the sender’s credibility.

The two-fold process • Build or create goodwill • Get the desired response

Stereotyping vs. Ethnocentrism • Stereotyping: Classifying a particular group of people in a like manner • Ethnocentrism: The belief that one’s culture is superior to other cultures

The rule of 12 • People are judged when they are 12 feet away based on overall appearance • People are judged when they are 12 inches away based on body grooming and scent • People are judged by the first 12 words they speak

Nonverbal Communication • • • • • • • • • •

Eye contact Proxemics Greetings Colors and dress Status Gender Differences Time attitudes Decision-making Food and eating habits Grooming

Written/oral Differences

• • • •

Business correspondence Advertising Regional accents Word usage