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BIOLOGY FORM 4 DYNAMIC ECOSYSTEM BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC COMPONENTS
COURSEWARE MENU
INTRODUCTION
ECOLOGY BIOTIC COMPONENTS ABIOTIC COMPONENTS INTERACTIONS OF BIOTIC COMPONENTS ASSESSMENT
INTRODUCTION Millions of species live in the earth’s diverse ecosystems which include coral reefs, ponds, mangrove swamps and tropical rainforests. In dynamic ecosystem, we shall see how living organisms interact with : a) individuals of their own species b) other species c) with physical environment that surrounds them WATCH VIDEO
ECOLOGY
DEFINITION
IMPORTANCE
scientific study of the interactions of living organisms and with the physical environment
provide us with the understanding and knowledge of how to manage, preserve and conserve the earth’s diverse ecosystem
ECOSYSTEM
community of a organisms which interact with their non-living environment and function as a unit
BIOTIC COMPONENTS DEFINITION
COMPONENTS
LIVING ORGANISMS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
PRODUCERS PRIMARY CONSUMERS SECONDARY CONSUMERS TERTIARY CONSUMERS DECOMPOSERS
SOURCE
SUNLIGHT
ABIOTIC COMPONENTS DEFINITION
NON-LIVING COMPONENTS
TEMPERATURE pH LIGHT INTENSITY COMPONENTS
TOPOGRAPHY MICROCLIMATE HUMIDITY POPULATION SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN BIOTIC COMPONENTS
SYMBIOSIS
SAPROPHYTISM
PREY-PREDATOR
COMPETITION
SYMBIOSIS DEFINITION
CLOSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO OR MORE DIFFERENT SPECIES WHICH LIVE CLOSELY TOGETHER AND INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER
CATEGORIES COMMENSALISM
MUTUALISM
PARASITISM
COMMENSALISM DEFINITION: ONE SPECIES BENEFITS WHILE THE OTHER NO BENEFITS
Barnacles adhering to the skin of a whale: The barnacle benefits by finding a habitat where nutrients are available. The barnacle is transported to sources of food. The presence of barnacle populations does not harm or enhance the survival of the animals carrying them.
WATCH VIDEO
MUTUALISM
DEFINITION: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO SPECIES OF ORGANISM IN WHICH BOTH BENEFIT
Fungus & algae: Alga produces food for itself and also for the fungus The fungus supplies carbon dioxide and nitrogenous products for the alga to produce its food.
PARASITISM RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO ORGANISMS, ONE BENEFITS AND THE OTHER IS HARMED
ECTOPARASITES
ENDOPARASITES
ECTOPARASITES
Mosquito: Females ingest blood for the protein. Male mosquitoes ingest plant juices.
WATCH VIDEO
ENDOPARASITES
Hookworms: Two species, Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus infect humans. The adults reside in the small intestine.
WATCH VIDEO
SAPROPHYTISM
DEFINITION
LIVING ORGANISM THAT OBTAIN FOOD FROM DEAD AND DECAYING MATTER
***secrete enzymes to digest dead organisms before adsorbing the digested compounds ***example :
PREY-PREDATOR DEFINITION
RELATIONSHIP WHERE AN ORGANISM WHICH IS SMALLER, CALLED PREY, IS HUNTED AND EATEN BY A STRONGER ANIMAL, CALLED PREDATOR
***help to control the population of organisms in an ecosystem and maintain balance in nature ***Example : Prey-predator: Lion and buffalo South Africa WATCH VIDEO
COMPETITION DEFINITION
AN INTERACTION BETWEEN ORGANISMS LIVING TOGETHER IN A HABITAT AND COMPETING FOR THE SAME RESOURCE THAT ARE IN LIMITED SUPPLY
CATEGORIES INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION
INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION
BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS OF SAME SPECIES
BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS OF DIFFERENT SPECIES
1. Which of the following can make food using light energy?
a) Consumers b) Decomposers c) Producers d) Scavengers
2. Which of the following statements is true about saprophytes?
a) Organisms that obtain nutrients from dead and decaying matter. b) Organisms that can make their own food c) Organisms that living in other organisms to obtain food. d) Organisms that can make their own food through photosynthesis
3. What is food web?
a) Food chain b) Spider food c) Interconnected of food chain in an ecosystem d) Food website
eagles
rabbits
snakes frogs
grasshoppers Green plant
rats
4. From the figure shown above, what organisms are secondary? a) Green Food chain. plants only b) Frogs, Spider snakes food and eagles c) Grasshoppers Interconnected of food chain in an ecosystem. d) Rabbits Food web site.
Primary consumers
producers
10 000KJ
5.
90% energy loss
Secondary consumers
90% Energy loss
Figure above show the energy flow in an ecosystem. How much energy is received by the secondary consumers in the food chain? a) 100KJ. b) 1000KJ. c) 900KJ. d) 9000KJ.
THE END THANKS FOR GIVING YOUR FULL ATTENTION
COURSEWARE MENU
INTRODUCTION
ECOLOGY BIOTIC COMPONENTS ABIOTIC COMPONENTS INTERACTIONS OF BIOTIC COMPONENTS ASSESSMENT
INTRODUCTION Millions of species live in the earth’s diverse ecosystems which include coral reefs, ponds, mangrove swamps and tropical rainforests. In dynamic ecosystem, we shall see how living organisms interact with : a) individuals of their own species b) other species c) with physical environment that surrounds them WATCH VIDEO
ECOLOGY
DEFINITION
IMPORTANCE
scientific study of the interactions of living organisms and with the physical environment
provide us with the understanding and knowledge of how to manage, preserve and conserve the earth’s diverse ecosystem
ECOSYSTEM
community of a organisms which interact with their non-living environment and function as a unit
BIOTIC COMPONENTS DEFINITION
COMPONENTS
LIVING ORGANISMS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
PRODUCERS PRIMARY CONSUMERS SECONDARY CONSUMERS TERTIARY CONSUMERS DECOMPOSERS
SOURCE
SUNLIGHT
ABIOTIC COMPONENTS DEFINITION
NON-LIVING COMPONENTS
TEMPERATURE pH LIGHT INTENSITY COMPONENTS
TOPOGRAPHY MICROCLIMATE HUMIDITY POPULATION SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN BIOTIC COMPONENTS
SYMBIOSIS
SAPROPHYTISM
PREY-PREDATOR
COMPETITION
SYMBIOSIS DEFINITION
CLOSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO OR MORE DIFFERENT SPECIES WHICH LIVE CLOSELY TOGETHER AND INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER
CATEGORIES COMMENSALISM
MUTUALISM
PARASITISM
COMMENSALISM DEFINITION: ONE SPECIES BENEFITS WHILE THE OTHER NO BENEFITS
Barnacles adhering to the skin of a whale: The barnacle benefits by finding a habitat where nutrients are available. The barnacle is transported to sources of food. The presence of barnacle populations does not harm or enhance the survival of the animals carrying them.
WATCH VIDEO
MUTUALISM
DEFINITION: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO SPECIES OF ORGANISM IN WHICH BOTH BENEFIT
Fungus & algae: Alga produces food for itself and also for the fungus The fungus supplies carbon dioxide and nitrogenous products for the alga to produce its food.
PARASITISM RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO ORGANISMS, ONE BENEFITS AND THE OTHER IS HARMED
ECTOPARASITES
ENDOPARASITES
ECTOPARASITES
Mosquito: Females ingest blood for the protein. Male mosquitoes ingest plant juices.
WATCH VIDEO
ENDOPARASITES
Hookworms: Two species, Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus infect humans. The adults reside in the small intestine.
WATCH VIDEO
SAPROPHYTISM
DEFINITION
LIVING ORGANISM THAT OBTAIN FOOD FROM DEAD AND DECAYING MATTER
***secrete enzymes to digest dead organisms before adsorbing the digested compounds ***example :
PREY-PREDATOR DEFINITION
RELATIONSHIP WHERE AN ORGANISM WHICH IS SMALLER, CALLED PREY, IS HUNTED AND EATEN BY A STRONGER ANIMAL, CALLED PREDATOR
***help to control the population of organisms in an ecosystem and maintain balance in nature ***Example : Prey-predator: Lion and buffalo South Africa WATCH VIDEO
COMPETITION DEFINITION
AN INTERACTION BETWEEN ORGANISMS LIVING TOGETHER IN A HABITAT AND COMPETING FOR THE SAME RESOURCE THAT ARE IN LIMITED SUPPLY
CATEGORIES INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION
INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION
BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS OF SAME SPECIES
BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS OF DIFFERENT SPECIES
1. Which of the following can make food using light energy?
a) Consumers b) Decomposers c) Producers d) Scavengers
2. Which of the following statements is true about saprophytes?
a) Organisms that obtain nutrients from dead and decaying matter. b) Organisms that can make their own food c) Organisms that living in other organisms to obtain food. d) Organisms that can make their own food through photosynthesis
3. What is food web?
a) Food chain b) Spider food c) Interconnected of food chain in an ecosystem d) Food website
eagles
rabbits
snakes frogs
grasshoppers Green plant
rats
4. From the figure shown above, what organisms are secondary? a) Green Food chain. plants only b) Frogs, Spider snakes food and eagles c) Grasshoppers Interconnected of food chain in an ecosystem. d) Rabbits Food web site.
Primary consumers
producers
10 000KJ
5.
90% energy loss
Secondary consumers
90% Energy loss
Figure above show the energy flow in an ecosystem. How much energy is received by the secondary consumers in the food chain? a) 100KJ. b) 1000KJ. c) 900KJ. d) 9000KJ.
THE END THANKS FOR GIVING YOUR FULL ATTENTION
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