Possibility Of Research On Buddhist Pariyatti Education In Nepal ,: By Dr. Indra Kumari Bajracharya

To be quoted as: Bajracharya, Indra Kumari, ‘Nepalma Parmparagat Bauddha Pariyati Shikshyako Anusandhanako Sambhabana (Possibility of Research on Buddhist Pariyatti Education in Nepal), Aayan – Journal of Nepalese Culture,Rreligion and Literature, Kumari Shahitya Pratisthan, 2061 A.D.

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;x–k|fWofks dx]Gb|/Tg SofDk;, sf7df8f} .

[email protected]

e"ldsf kl/olQ lzIff eGgfn] ljBfyL{x¿sf] rl/q lgdf{0f ug{ lbOg] af}4 g}lts lzIff xf] . cfhsf] j}1flgs o'udf ef}lts pGglt / clej[l4sf] nflu c? lzIffsf] hlt cfjZos 5 TolQs} cfWoflTds / g}lts pGglt clej[l4sf] nflu a'4sf] lzIff klg plQ g} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . eujfg a'4sf] ;dodf a'4wd{ dfgj sNof0fsf] nflu cToGt cfjZos lzIff lyof] . ef}lts pGglt clej[l4sf] nflu / a'4 zf;g pGglt clej[l4sf] nflu kl/olQ lzIff ;j}n] cWoog ug{ clt cfjZos e}/x]sf] 5 . eujfg a'4n] lbg' ePsf] lzIff aRrfx¿b]lv lnP/ o'jf–o'jlt, a'9f–a'9Lx¿ ;j}nfO{ geO gx'g] g}lts lzIff /x]5 h'g lzIffsf] cefjn] ubf{ ;+;f/df cg]s k|sf/sf lx+;f, cTofrf/, zf]if0f, bdg cflb Jofks ¿kdf km}ln/x]sf] 5 . o;}n] clxn] xfd|f] ;dfhdf htftt} u[x snx / czflGt eO/x]5 . h'g JolQx¿n] a'4sf] lzIffnfO{ /fd|f];Fu cWoog ul/ cfkm\gf] hLjgdf cfr/0f ub}{ hfG5, pxL JolQm g} ;'vL / zflGtsf] ;fy} kZrftfkaf6 ar]/ ;'vk"j{s hLjg ljtfpg ;S5 . eujfg a'4n] ;+;f/df lxt, ;'v / sNof0fsf nflu $% jif{;Dd cfk'mn] k|fKt ug'{ ePsf] 1fgnfO{ ufpF ufpFdf, zx/ zx/df 3'd]/ pkb]z lbg' ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] o;/L $% jif{;Dd lbg' ePsf] ;Dk"0f{ lzIff g} kl/olQ lzIff xf] . eujfg a'4n] b]zgf ug'{ ePsf]

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*$,))) wd{:s0bdf ljgolk6s @!,))), ;'qlk6s @!,))) / clewdlk6s $@,))) wd{:s0bx¿ 5g\ . xfn g]jf/ af}4 ;dfhdf a'4sf d"n pkb]zx¿ yfxf gkfP/ k"hf–kf7 / dGqwf/0fL dfq nflu rof{sf] k|of; ug]{x? klg /x]sf 5g\ h;n] ubf{ a'4sf d"n pkb]z zLn, ;dflw / k|1fsf] af/]df 1fgsf] cefj e}O/x]sf] 5 . h'g pkb]z JolQmsf] lxtsf] nflu dfq geO{ b]zsf] nflu ;d]t clt cfjZos 5 . o;}n] klg kl/olQ lzIffsf] cWoog–cWofkg ug'{ clt cfjZos 5 . g]kfn a'4sf] hGd ePsf] b]z eP/ klg cf]krfl/s ¿kdf ;/sf/L tj/af6 af}4 lzIffsf] af/]df cWoog ug]{ xfn lqe'jg ljZjljBfno / dx]Gb| ;+:s[t ljZjljBfno dfq 5g\ . o; afx]s s]lx ltAatL u'Dafx?dfklg af}4 wd{sf] cWofkg ul/G5 . c? s'g} To:tf ;+:yfx¿ g]kfndf 5}gg\ . t/ klg cgf}krfl/s ¿kdf af}4 ljxf/x¿df @)!( ;fnb]lv af}4 kl/olQ lzIffsf] gfd lbO{ sIff ! b]lv sIff !) ;Ddsf] k|To]s zlgjf/ xKtfsf] Psk6s k9fO{ x'g] !( j6f s]Gb|x¿ 5g\ . oL af}4 s]Gb|df lxgofgsf] af/]df cWofkg ul/G5 .

;d:of syg M g]kfndf k|frLgsfnb]lv g} af}4 wd{n] h/f] uf8]sf] xf] . Oltxf;nfO{ dgg u/]sf] v08df af}4 wd{n] s;/L h/f uf8\of] eGg] s'/f :ki6 ¿kdf yfxf x'G5 . k|frLgsfndf lnR5lj /fhfx¿sf] ;+/If0fdf o;n] ljsl;t x'g] df}sf kfof] . dWosfndf af}4 wd{sf] rf}tkmL{ ljsf; x'g yfNof] . g]kfn af}4 cWoogsf] Ps k|Voft s]Gb| aGof] . ltAatLx¿sf] nflu of] cWoogsf] tLy{:yn g} aGof] . t/ sfnfGt/df !# cf}+ ztfAbLb]lv af}4 wd{sf] ljljw kIfsf] cj;fg ;'? eof] / af}4 ;d'bfod} o;k|lt c1fgtf a9\b} uof] . kl/0ffd:j¿k o:sf] ljv08gsf] cj:yf cfof] . jh|ofgsf] sf/0f o;df cem ljljwtf ylkof] . o:tf] cj:yfdf jh|ofgdf leIf' k/Dk/f gi6 x'g' / y]/jfbLx¿ g]kfndf dha"t gx'g'n] lgs} ;d:ofx¿ b]vf k/] . ctPj o;nfO{ k'glh{ljt u/L ljsf; ug{sf] nflu af}4 2

lzIffsf] cfjZostf ckl/xfo{ eof] . o;y{ af}4 k'ghf{u/0f u/L af}4 lzIffnfO{ ;/n 9Ëdf af}4dfuL{ aLr k'¥ofP/ ;b\ljrf/sf] k|rf/ ug{ g]kfndf o;sf] ;'/cft @)!( af6 ;+ul7t ¿kdf eof] . ctM o; sfo{qmd cGtu{t lglZrt kf7\qmdsf] 9fFrf tof/ u/L cWoogsf] nflu ljBfno :yfkgf u/L ;+rfng ul/of] . g]kfndf af}4 wd{sf] ljsf;sf] nflu of] Pp6f cToGt dxTjk"0f{ sfo{qmd xf] . o;n] af}4 ;dfh lgs} ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g n]/fPsf] 5 .

kl/olQ lzIff ;DaGwL cg';Gwfgsf] ;ldIff kl/olQ lzIffsf] af/]df ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] s'g} k':ts k|sflzt ePsf] 5}g . oBlk kl/olQ lzIffsf] k|yd tx — k|f/lDes :t/ -tLg jif]{ sf]if{_ låtLo tx — k|j]z :t/ -tLg jif]{ sf]if{_, t[tLo tx— ;åDd kfns pkflw :t/ -Psjif]{ sf]if{_ / rt'y{ tx— sf]ljb :t/ -tLg jif]{ sf]if{_ df af}4 bz{g / cGo ljwfsf kf7\ok':tsx¿ eg] kfOG5 . ltgdf kl/olQs} af/]df JofVof ul/Psf] kfOG5 . t/ oL k':tsx¿df af}4 lzIffsf ljleGg bz{g, ;'q, syf cflbsf] hfgsf/L kfOG5 . t/ xfn kl/olQ lzIffsf] af/]df ljleGg af}4 kq klqsfx¿df ;do–;dodf o;sf] dxTj, cfjZostf af/]sf n]vx¿ k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ . o;n] klg kl/olQ lzIff af/] hfgsf/L kfpg ;lsG5 . o;/L k|sflzt klqsfdf clt g} dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf] g]kfn af}4 kl/olQ lzIffsf]

/hthoGtL lj=;+= @)$% -a'4 ;Djt @%#@_ sf] :dfl/sf xf] . o;df kl/olQ lzIffsf] af/]df ljleGg n]vx¿ k|sflzt 5g\ . ;f] :dfl/sfdf cgfufl/sf b]jfrf/Ln] kl/olQ lzIffsf] dxTj af/] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . To:t} 8f= s]zj dfg zfSon] k~rzLn g]kfn af}4 kl/olQsf] dxTjk"0f{ lzIffdf k~rzLnsf] af/]df lj:t[t pNn]v ePsf] 5 . leIf' a'43f]ifsf] kl/olQ lzIffsf] dxTj / To;sf] cfjZostf Pj+ kl/olQ zf;g, k|ltklQ zf;g / k|ltj]w zf;gsf] pNn]v x'g'sf] ;fy} To:sf] cfjZostf g]kfndf jt{dfgdf of] lzIff s;/L ;+rfng eof] eGg] af/] / g]kfn af}4 kl/olQ lzIffsf] jt{dfg s]Gb|x¿sf af/]df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

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cgfufl/sf ;'zLnfn] kl/olQ lzIffsf] pTyfgdf cfkm\gf] cg'ej eGg] n]vdf kl/olQ lzIff s;/L :yfkgf eof] kl/olQ lzIffn] ef}lts ;fy} cfWoflTds pGglt ug{ ;3fpg] s'/f pNn]v u/]sL l5g\ . x]/fsfhL ;'lhsfn] g]kfndf kl/olQ lzIffsf] af/] s]xL tYox¿ eGg] n]vdf kl/olQ lzIffsf] :yfkgf, To:sf ;+:yfksx¿, kl/olQ lzIffnosf ljBfyL{x¿ aLr xfhL/ –hjfkm k|ltof]lutf slxn]af6 eof] cflb af/] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . pQm :dfl/sfdf g]kfn af}4 kl/olQ lzIff k|ult k|ltj]bgx¿ klg ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ . ;fy} o;df k|sflzt ;a} n]vx¿ g} g]jf/L efiffdf k|sflzt 5g\ . dlGb/f dxh{gn] b}lgs hLjgdf kl/olQ lzIffsf] k|of]u eGg] n]v cfgGbe"ld -jif{ @* c+s ^, @)%&_ k|sflzt u/]sL l5g\ . pQm n]vdf xfd|f] b}lgs hLjgdf zLn, ;dflw / k|1fsf] :yfgsf] af/]df pNn]v 5 . afn af}4 ;d"x, Hof]ltbo ;+3, Hof]lt ljxf/, rfkfufpF nlntk'/af6 k|sflzt kl/olQ Hof]lt gfd u/]sf] Ps q}dfl;s xft] klqsfsf] ljleGg c+sx¿df klg kl/olQ lzIffsf] p2]Zo, dxTj, cfjZostfsf] ;fy} kl/olQ lzIffn] hGdfPsf o'jf af}4 JolQmTjx¿sf] cGtjf{tf{sf ;fy} kl/olQ lzIffsf] ljsf; x'g g;s]sf s'/fx¿ klg pNn]v u/]sf] kfOG5 . af}4 lzIff s'g} JolQm, hflt, efiff / ;fDk|bflos ljz]iftfdf cfwfl/t lzIff geP tfklg cfh;Dd klg kl/olQ lzIffdf pNn]v ePsf k':tsx¿ k|foM g]jf/L efiffdf l;ldt g} 5g\ . o;n] ubf{ klg kl/olQ lzIffsf] af/]df hfgsf/L kfpg ufx|f] eO/x]sf] 5 . o; afx]s af}4 kl/olQ lzIffsf] af/]df st} s]xL k|sflzt ePsf] 5}g . jf:tjdf g]kfndf af}4 k'ghf{u/0fdf o;n] v]n]sf] e"ldsfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL o;sf] af/]df cTolws s[ltx¿ k|sflzt x'g' kg]{ xf] . tfklg af}4 ljåfgx¿sf] Wofg o;df uPsf] b]lvGg . kl/olQ lzIffsf] af/]df pNn]v ul/Psf n]vx¿ 5l/P/ /x]sf] / k|fl1s b[li6n] Tolt dxTjk"0f{ / uxg 5}gg\ . ctM of] vfFrf] k"lt{ ug{ k|:t't zf]wn] ;3fpg] 5 . o;sf] ;fy}

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k|:t't zf]wdf k|:tfljt ljwfx¿ tL k|sflzt n]veGbf km/s ePsf] sf/0fn] klg o;sf] cfjZostf k[li6 x'g cfpF5 .

cg';Gwfgsf ;Defljt p2]Zox? M kl/olQ lzIffsf] cg';Gwfgsf] ;fwf/0f p2]Zosf] ?kdf g]kfndf y]/jfbL af}4x¿n] a'4 wd{sf lzIffnfO{ af}4 ;d'bfodf cWofkg ug{ ;+rfng u/]sf] af}4 kl/olQ lzIffsf] cg';Gwfg ug ;lsG5 . t/ o;sf s]xL vf; p2]Zox¿ klg /fVg ;lsG5 h:t} — -!_ af}4 wd{sf] cfw'lgs ;dodf ljsf; ug{sf] nflu af}=k=lz=sf] dxTjsf] ljj]rgf ug]{ . -@_ k|d'v af}4 bz{g / jf}=k=lz= n] ;d]6]sf] ljifoj:t'l;t To;sf] ;DaGwsf] lg¿k0f ug]{ . -#_ af}4 kl/olQ lzIffsf] kf7\oqmdsf] d"NofÍg / ljj]rgf tyf o:sf] jt{dfg l:yltsf] ljj]rgf . -$_ af}4 kl/olQ lzIffdf ;+nUg lzIfs / ljBfyL{x¿sf] ;dfhzf:qLo ljZn]if0f ug]{ . -%_ af}4 kl/olQ lzIff k|lt af}4 ;dfh / jh|ofgL ;+3x¿sf] b[li6sf]0f . -^_ af}4 kl/olQ lzIffsf] pkfb]otfsf] ljZn]if0f ug]{ . -&_ o;n] af}4 ;dfhdf kf/]sf] k|efjsf] ljZn]if0f ug]{ . kl/olQ lzIffsf] cg';Gwfg ljlwM k|:tfljt zf]w–k|jGwdf k|fylds / ;xfos -Primary

and Secondary_

b'j} k|sf/sf

;fdu|Lx¿ k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . oBlk cg';Gwfgdf k|fylds ;|f]tnfO{ a9L hf]8 lbg' kb{5 . k|fylds tYofÍx¿ o;;Fu ;DalGwt clen]vx¿, :ynut lg/LIf0f, cGt/jf{tf, k|ZgfjnL cflbsf] k|of]uaf6 ;+sng x'G5 . o;afx]s kl/olQ lzIffdf k|o'Qm kf7\oqmdsf] cfwf/df o;sf] af}4 bz{g / af}4 lzIffl;t /x]sf] ;DaGwnfO{ ljZn]fif0f ug{ k|d'v bz{gsf clen]vsf] klg k|of]u ul/G5 . o; cg';Gwfgdf k|sflzt ;|f]t k|fylds ;|f]tnfO{ k|dfl0fs/0f ug{sf] nflu k|of]u ul/G5 . o; cGtu{t k|sflzt k':ts, cg';Gwfg hg{ndf k|sflzt n]v / ;]ldgf/ l/kf]6{x¿ ;dfj]z x'G5g\ .

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o;df ;fdflhs cg';Gwfgdf k|o'Qm ljlwx¿ k|of]u u/L tYofÍ ;+sng ul/G5 . ljz]if u/L lglZrt k|ZgfjnLdf cGt/jf{tf{, k|ZgfjnL ljt/0f, :ynut ;e]{If0f ljlw h:tf tl/sfx¿ k|of]u ul/G5 . cg';Gwfgsf] nflu gd'gf lzIfs, ljBfyL{, kl/olQ lzIffsf kbflwsf/Lx¿ / af}4 ;dfhsf k'?if–dlxnfx¿af6 cfjZos ;+Vofdf Method

Random Sampling

sf] cfwf/df 5flg lgwf{l/t k|Zgx¿ ;f]Wg ;lsG5 . of] ljlwaf6 k|fKt tYofÍnfO{

ljZn]if0f u/L k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/G5 . kl/olQ lzIffsf] s[ofsnfk ;DaGwdf o;sf] :yfkgf sfnb]lv xfn;Ddsf] s[ofsnfkdf hf]8 lbOg] 5 . o;/L k|:tfljt cg';Gwfgdf lgDg cg';f/sf cWofo ;+of]hg ug'{ dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 h;af6 To;sf] af/]df cTolws hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{;lsG5 h:t} – o o o o o o o o

cg';Gwfg kl/ro kl/olQ lzIffsf] z}2flGts ljj]rgf kl/olQ lzIffsf] ;+/rgf g]kfndf kl/olQ lzIffsf] Oltxf; kl/olQ lzIffsf] ;dfhzf:qLo z}lIfs ljZn]if0f kl/olQm lzIffn] g]kfnL af}4 ;dfhdf kf/]sf] c;/ kl/olQm lzIffsf] jt{dfg cj:yf tyf ;'wf/sf] cfjZostf pk;+xf/

∗∗∗∗

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