Plant Growth Regulator

PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR

PLANT HORMONES

Why do all plants need hormones?

† Respond to environmental factors † Direct developmental processes

What are hormones? Chemical substance synthesised in a specific organ or tissue and transported to another specific target tissue

PLANT HORMONES †Hormones are chemical messengers †The important point is that whatever they are called, they are chemical messengers

Hormones are Chemical Messengers

What are the plant hormones?

What are the functions of the plant hormones?

Several synthetic auxins have been produced.

Auxin † IAA (Indole Acetic Acid) „ Untuk Induksi Kalus pada 10-30 µM. < 1-10 µM dapat menstimulasi organogenesis „ Dinonaktifkan oleh cahaya light ----teroksidasi.

Auxin † IBA (Indole-3-Butyric Acid) „ Digunakan untuk tahap perakaran via organogenesis. „ Pada konsentrasi rendah (1-50 µM) : Proses perakaran „ Atau pada konsentrasi tinggi (100-250 µM) selama 2-10 hari lalu segera ditrasnfer dalam media bebas hormon.

Auxin † 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) „ Umum digunakan untuk menginduksi kalus „ Umum digunakan juga dalam kultur suspensi sel pada tahap dediferensiasi „ Sebagai sumber auksin tunggal (1-50 µM), atau dalam kombinasi dengan NAA

Auxin † NAA (1-Naphthaleneacetic acid) „ Hampir sama dengan 2,4-D (tp lebih jarang digunakan). „ Sumber auxin tunggal (2-20 µM for callus induction and growth of callus and suspension cultures; 0.2-2 µM for root induction) „ Dikombinasikan dengan 2,4-D.

structure

Cytokinin † 6-Furfurylaminopurine (kinetin) „ Sering ditambahkan dalam media induksi kalus, kultur suspensi dan morfogenesis (1-20 µM). „ Konsentrasi yg lebih tinggi (20-50 µM) dapat digunakan untuk menstimulasi percepatan multiplikasi tunas, tunas aksiler/adventif

Cytokinin † 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP, BA) „ Digunakan dalam media induksi kalus/kultur suspensi (0.5-5.0 µM), serta untuk stimulasi morfogenesis (1-10 µM). „ Lebih sering digunakan dibanding kinetin untuk menginduksi percepatan multiplikasi tunas (5-50 µM)

Cytokinin † N-Isopentenylaminopurine (2iP) „ Lebih jarang digunakan daripada K atau BAP. „ Menginduksi kalus dan pertumbuhannya (2-10 µM), „ Induksi morphogenesis (10-15 µM) „ Multiplikasi tunas (30-50 µM).

Cytokinin † Zeatin (Zea) „ Jarang digunakan dalam kultur kalus/suspensi. „ Dapat digunakan untuk stimulasi morfogenesis (0.05-10 µM). „ Zea bersifat thermolabile and must not be autoclaved.

Gibberellin A3 † Seldom used in callus or suspension medium (one exception being potato). Can promote shoot growth when added to shoot induction medium at 0.03-14 µM. Also used to enhance development in embryo/ovule cultures (0.3-48 µM). GA3 is thermolabile and must not be autoclaved.

Abscisic Acid † Used at concentrations of 0.4-10 µM to prevent precocious germination, and promote normal development of somatic embryos.

Hormone

Product Name

Function in Plant Tissue Culture

Auxins

Indole-3-Acetic Acid Indole-3-Butyric Acid Indole-3-Butyric Acid, Potassium Salt α-Naphthaleneacetic Acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid p-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid Picloram Dicamba

Adventitous root formation (high concen) Adventitious shoot formation (low concen) Induction of somatic embryos Cell Division Callus formation and growth Inhibition of axillary buds Inhibition of root elongation

Cytokinins

6-Benzylaminopurine 6-γ,γ-Dimethylallylaminopurine (2iP) Kinetin Thidiazuron (TDZ) N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N’Phenylurea Zeatin Zeatin Riboside

Adventitious shoot formation Inhibition of root formation Promotes cell division Modulates callus initiation and growth Stimulation of axillary’s bud breaking and growth Inhibition of shoot elongation Inhibition of leaf senescence

Gibberellins

Gibberellic Acid

Stimulates shoot elongation Release seeds, embryos, and apical buds from dormancy Inhibits adventitious root formation Paclobutrazol and ancymidol inhibit gibberellin synthesis thus resulting in shorter shoots, and promoting tuber, corm, and bulb formation.

Abscisic Acid

Abscisic Acid

Stimulates bulb and tuber formation Stimulates the maturation of embryos Promotes the start of dormancy

Polyamines

Putrescine Spermidine

Promotes adventitious root formation Promotes somatic embryogenesis Promotes shoot formation

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS CONCENTRATION/MOLARITY (μM) CONVERSIONS Growth Regulator

ABA

BA

4-CPA

2iP

Mol. Weight

264.3

225.3

186.6

203.2

0.1 mg/L

0.38

0.44

0.54

0.49

0.2

0.76

0.88

1.07

0.98

0.3

1.14

1.33

1.61

1.48

0.4

1.51

1.78

2.15

1.97

0.5

1.89

2.22

2.68

2.46

0.6

2.27

2.66

3.22

2.95

0.7

2.65

3.11

3.75

3.44

0.8

3.03

3.55

4.29

3.94

0.9

3.41

3.99

4.82

4.43

1.0

3.78

4.44

5.36

4.92

2.0

7.57

8.87

10.72

9.84

5.0

18.92

22.19

26.80

24.61

10.0

37.84

44.38

53.59

49.21

20.0

75.67

89.77

107.18

78.38

Solvent

1 N KOH

1 N KOH

EtOH

1N KOH

Sterilization

CA/F

CA/F

CA

CA

Working Concentration (mg/L)

0.1- 10.0

0.1-5.0

0.1-10.0

1.0-30.0

Growth Regulator

2,4-D

GA3

IAA

IBA

Kinetin

NAA

Mol. Weight

221.0

346.4

175.2

203.2

215.2

186.2

0.1 mg/L

0.45

0.29

0.57

0.49

0.46

0.54

0.2

0.90

0.58

1.14

0.98

0.93

1.07

0.3

1.36

0.87

1.71

1.48

1.39

1.61

0.4

1.81

1.15

2.28

1.97

1.86

2.15

0.5

2.26

1.44

2.85

2.46

2.32

2.69

0.6

2.72

1.73

3.42

2.95

2.79

3.22

0.7

3.17

2.02

3.99

3.44

3.25

3.76

0.8

3.62

2.31

4.57

3.94

3.72

4.30

0.9

4.07

2.60

5.14

4.43

4.18

4.83

1.0

4.52

2.89

5.71

4.90

4.65

5.37

2.0

9.05

5.77

11.42

9.80

9.29

10.74

5.0

22.62

14.43

28.54

24.60

23.23

26.85

10.0

45.25

28.89

57.08

49.00

46.47

53.71

20.0

90.50

57.74

114.16

98.00

92.94

107.41

Solvent

EtOH/1 N NaOH

EtOH

EtOH/1 N NaOH

EtOH/1 N NaOH

1 N NaOH

1 N NaOH

Sterilization

CA

CA/F

CA/F

CA/F

CA/F

CA

Working Concentration (mg/L)

0.01-5.0

0.01-5.0

0.01-3.0

0.1-10.0

0.1-5.0

0.1-10.0

Keterangan :

• CA = Coautoclave with other media components • F = Filter Sterilize • CA/F = Coautoclave with media components, however, some loss of activity may occur