Plan Of Action

UPDATE: 1-10-07 John Hoffman = 11-28-06 Richard Day Melany Melanie

Plan of Action REVISED Group: John Hoffman Melanie Hampton Richard Day Our reacting compounds (reactants): Hydrated copper(II) chloride (CuCl2·2H2O) Molar Mass: 170.5 g/mol Lye Salt / Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) Molar Mass: 40.00 g/mol Balanced equation: CuCl2·(2H2O)(s) + 2NaOH(s)  CuO(s) + 3H2O(aq) + 2NaCl(aq) Products: Copper(II) oxide (CuO) Molar Mass: 79.55 g/mol Water (H2O) Molar Mass: 16.01 g/mol Salt / sodium chloride (NaCl) Molar Mass: 58.44 g/mol The CuO is formed from the oxidation of the primary product Cu(OH)2 (Copper hydroxide), which is very unstable. The initial target amount of precipitate(CuO) (between 2.000 and 3.000 grams) has caused our reactants to run out completely, so we are lowering this amount to about 1.500 grams. For us, the accuracy of our measurements is only to the second decimal place, so the target amount of CuO is 1.50g. To find out the amounts of NaOH we need to create 1.50 grams of CuO: 1.50 g CuO * mol CuO * 79.55 g CuO

2 mol NaOH * mol CuO

40.00 g NaOH mol NaOH

= 1.51 g NaOH Since NaOH come in tablet form, we mass it first, try to come as close to 1.51 g as possible, and then calculate the exact amount of CuCl2·2H2O to react with it. To do this:

(X and Y represent unknown quantities) X g NaOH * mol NaOH * mol CuCl2·2H2O * 170.5 gCuCl2·2H2O 40.00 g NaOH 2 mol NaOH mol CuCl2·2H2O = Y g CuCl2·2H2O Procedure for each trial: (italicized procedures are possible additions) 1) Take out filter paper from a warming oven 2) Mass filter paper that will be used for current system. 3) Completely mix Between 4.286 and 6.430 g CuCl2·2H2O and between 2.011 and 3.017 g NaOH (record the exact weight of each reactant that you use) in approximately 100mL of H2O in a beaker capable of holding at least 400mL of a substance 4) Heat system on burner for approximately 10 minutes until black precipitate (CuO) is formed and there is no more blue Cu(OH)2 left. 5) Filter system 6) Mass filter paper and its (dry) filtrate. Record this. 7) Subtract the initial mass of the filter paper from the filter paper and system’s mass and record (this is the mass of the CuO). Record this.

Observations/Problems Trial 1

Trial 2

Trial 3

Trial 4

Trial 5

Trial 6

Trial 7

Trial 8

Trial 9

Trial 10

Trial 11

Trial 12

Trial 13

Trial 14

Contacts: John Melanie Richard HAYES

1-847-724-4871 (home) 1-847-757-5850 (cell) e-mail: [email protected] 1-847-724-7526 e-mail: [email protected] 1-847-729-2329 (home) 1-847-903-1824 (cell) e-mail: [email protected] 1-847-657-7104 (five minute limit, do not call after nine) e-mail: [email protected]

MSDS Fact Sheets Source: http://ptcl.chem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/ For copper(II) chloride dihydrate General Synonyms: copper bichloride, copper (2+) chloride, cupric chloride dihydrate, cupric dichloride dihydrate Molecular formula: CuCl2 2H2O CAS No: 10125-13-0 EINECS No: 231-210-2 Physical data Appearance: light to deep blue crystals or powder Melting point: Boiling point: Vapour density: Vapour pressure: Density (g cm-3): 2.51 Flash point:

Explosion limits: Autoignition temperature: Stability Reacts violently with potassium, sodium. Contact with acetylene can form shocksensitive acetylides. Hygroscopic - incompatible with moisture. Toxicology Harmful if swallowed or inhaled. Severe eye irritant. Skin and respiratory irritant. Longterm contact may lead to systemic copper poisoning. Toxicity data (The meaning of any abbreviations which appear in this section is given here.) ORL-RAT LD50 584 mg kg-1 IPR-RAT LD50 14.7 mg kg-1 IVN-RAT LD50 5 mg kg-1 IVN-MUS LD50 17.5 mg kg-1 IPR-MUS LD50 7.4 mg kg-1 Risk phrases (The meaning of any risk phrases which appear in this section is given here.) R20 R22 R36 R37 R38 R41 R50 R53. Transport information (The meaning of any UN hazard codes which appear in this section is given here.) Hazard class: 8.0. Packing group: III. UN No 2802. Personal protection Safety glasses, adequate ventilation. Safety phrases (The meaning of any safety phrases which appear in this section is given here.) S26 S36.

For sodium hydroxide (NaOH):

General Synonyms: caustic soda, soda lye, lye, white caustic, aetznatron, ascarite, Collo-Grillrein, Collo-Tapetta, sodium hydrate, fotofoil etchant, NAOH, STCC 4935235, sodium hydroxide pellets, Lewis red devil lye Molecular formula: NaOH CAS No: 1310-73-2 EC No: 215-185-5 Annex I Index No: 011-002-00-6 Physical data Appearance: odourless white solid (often sold as pellets) Melting point: 318 C Boiling point: 1390 C Vapour density: Vapour pressure: 1 mm Hg at 739 C Specific gravity: 2.12

Flash point: n/a Explosion limits: n/a Autoignition temperature: Water solubility: High (Note: dissolution in water is highly exothermic) Stability Stable. Incompatible with a wide variety of materials including many metals, ammonium compounds, cyanides, acids, nitro compounds, phenols, combustible organics. Hygroscopic. Heat of solution is very high and may lead to a dangerously hot solution if small amounts of water are used. Absorbs carbon dioxide from the air. Toxicology Very corrosive. Causes severe burns. May cause serious permanent eye damage. Very harmful by ingestion. Harmful by skin contact or by inhalation of dust. Typical TLV 2 mg m-1. Toxicity data (The meaning of any abbreviations which appear in this section is given here.) IPR-MUS LD50 40 mg kg-1 Irritation data (The meaning of any abbreviations which appear in this section is given here.) EYE-MKY 1%/24h sev SKN-RBT 500 mg/24h sev EYE-RBT 1% sev Risk phrases (The meaning of any risk phrases which appear in this section is given here.) R35. Transport information (The meaning of any UN hazard codes which appear in this section is given here.) Hazard class 8.0. Packing group II. UN No 1823. EMS No 8.0-06. Personal protection Safety glasses, adequate ventilation, Neoprene or PVC gloves. Safety phrases (The meaning of any safety phrases which appear in this section is given here.) S26 S37 S39 S45.

For Copper(II) oxide (CuO):

General Synonyms: copper (II) oxide, black copper oxide, C.I. 77403, pigment black 15, copper brown, copper monoxide, copper monooxide, copper (2+) oxide Use: Molecular formula: CuO CAS No: 1317-38-0 EINECS No: 215-269-1 Physical data

Appearance: black crystalline powder Melting point: 1326 C Boiling point: Vapour density: Vapour pressure: Density (g cm-3): Flash point: Explosion limits: Autoignition temperature: Water solubility: insoluble Stability Stable. Incompatible with reducing agents, hydrogen sulfide, aluminium, alkali metals, finely powdered metals. Toxicology Harmful if swallowed. May be harmful if inhaled. Toxicity data (The meaning of any toxicological abbreviations which appear in this section is given here.) ORL-RAT LD50 470 mg kg-1 IPR-MUS LD50 273 mg kg-1 Risk phrases (The meaning of any risk phrases which appear in this section is given here.) R22. Transport information (The meaning of any UN hazard codes which appear in this section is given here.) Non-hazardous for air, sea and road freight. Personal protection Safety glasses.

For sodium chloride (NaCl) AKA: Table Salt: General Synonyms: extra fine 200 salt, extra fine 325 salt, H.G. blending, salt, sea salt, table salt, common salt, dendritis, rock salt, top flake, white crystal, saline, halite, purex, USP sodium chloride Molecular formula: NaCl CAS No: 7647-14-5 EC No: 231-598-3 Physical data Appearance: colourless crystals or white powder Melting point: 804 C Boiling point: 1413 C Vapour density: Vapour pressure: 1 mm Hg at 865C Specific gravity: 2.16 g cm-3 Flash point: Explosion limits: Autoignition temperature: Solubility in water: 35.7 g/100g at 0C Stability

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Toxicology May cause eye irritation. Toxicity data (The meaning of any abbreviations which appear in this section is given here.) ORL-RAT LD50 3000 mg kg-1 ORL-MAN LDLO 1000 mg kg-1 ORL-MUS LD50 4000 mg kg-1 IPR-MUS LD50 2602 mg kg-1 ICV-MUS LD50 131 mg kg-1 SKN-RBT LD50 > 10000 mg kg-1 Irritation data (The meaning of any abbreviations which appear in this section is given here.) SKN-RBT 50 mg/24h mld Risk phrases (The meaning of any risk phrases which appear in this section is given here.) R36. Personal protection Not believed to present a significant hazard to health. Safety phrases (The meaning of any safety phrases which appear in this section is given here.) S26 S36.