DC circuits
Chapter 26
Section 1: EMF for a battery and Terminal Voltage in a closed circuit: The relation is: EMF=V+Ir or =IR+Ir where *EMF (ζ) is the electromotive force of the battery, *V is the terminal voltage of the battery with internal resistance (r) in a closed circuit as shown in the figure. Also V=IR the voltage across the external resistance (R) *I is the current flow through the circuit where:
I=
ζ R+r
This formula is called ohm's law for closed circuit. Study the example (26-1) page 659. Section 2 Resistors in series and in parallel: 1. In series and in parallel: Req=R1+R2+R3+…… 2. In parallel 1 Study examples (26-2 and 3) page 662
Circuit with Series and parallel: Study examples (26- 4, 5 and 6) pages 663 and 664 .
Kirchhoffs rules
.Kirchhoffs Rules : used for analyzing complicated circuits :Junction rule .1
At any junction point, the sum of all currents entering the junction must equal (the sum of all currents leaving the junction: (conservation of charges
I = I +I +I
:(Loop rule (voltage rule .2 The sum of the changes in potential around any closed path of a circuit must be .(zero. (Conservation of energy .Using the following simple circuit :The sum of all the changes in potential in going around the circuit is
V +V +V = -6.8-5.2+12=zero