Perhitungan Acc Finish.xlsx
This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA
Overview
Download & View Perhitungan Acc Finish.xlsx as PDF for free.
More details
- Words: 6,232
- Pages: 51
2. Perhitungan Aktual Pada Alat Solar Water Heater a. Menghitung Temperatur Rata-rata Fluida t1 = 36.85 ˚C = 98.33 ˚F t2 = 41.05 ˚C = 105.89 ˚F tAV = t1 + t2 2 = 98.33 ˚F + 105.89 ˚F 2 = 102.11 ˚F b. Heat Balance pada kolektor termal (radiasi) Diketahui : σ = Konstanta Stefan Boltzman = 0.1714 x 10Btu/hr.ft²R⁴ ԑ = Emisivitas benda hitam = 1 A = Luas permukaan kolektor = 1 m x 0.4 m = 0.4 m² = 4.31 ft² t1 = 36.85 ˚C 558 t2 = 41.05 ˚C 565.56 Q = σ ԑ А Т⁴ = 0.1714 x 10Btu/hr.ft²R⁴x 1 x = 39.57 Btu/hr
###
(561.69⁴ - 551.07⁴) ˚R
c. Heat balance untuk memanaskan fluida (Q Berguna) Q = m x cp x dT Diketahui : Diameter pipa = 0.5 inch, jari-jari (r) = 0.25 inch x 2.54 cm = 0.635 cm Panjang pipa (L) = 5 meter x 100 cm = 500 cm Volume Pipa (V) = π x r² x L = 3.14 x 0.635² x 500 cm = 633.06 cmᶟ = 633.06 ml/1000 = 0.633 liter Massa Fluida
=ρ x v = 0.997 gr/cmᶟ x 633.06 cmᵌ = 631.16 gr x 2.205 x 10⁻³ lb 1 gr = 1.392 lb
Dari temperatur t.av, dengan melihat grafik 2 didapat spesifik heat (cp) : cp = 1.09 Btu/lb.F ket: cp (Fig.2 Kern p.804) Q = 1.392 lb x 1.09 Btu/lb.F x (105.9 - 98.3) F Q = 11.43 Btu d. Menghitung LMTD t1 = 98.33 ˚F t2 = 105.89 ˚F _ ΔT = 7.56 ˚F LMTD =
to - ti ln to/ti LMTD = (105.9 - 98.3) ˚F ln 105.89 ˚F 98.33 ˚F LMTD = 7.56 ˚F ln 1.077 LMTD = 102.06 ˚F e. Bilangan Rayleigh (Ra) Fluid inner, pada diameter 0.5 inch D = 1.27 cm = 0.0127 m Dari lampiran table A-9 sifat-sifat air JP. Holman P. 593 pada temperatur rata-rata (t AV) = 38.95˚C, Nilai k = 0.631 w/m˚c dan = 3.59 x l/mᶟ˚c Ra = Gr. Pr Gr. Pr = = (2.91 x l/mᶟ˚c) x (38.9-33)˚c x (0.0127 m)ᵌ = 308904.76 = 3.8 x 10⁵ f. Bilangan Nusselt Dengan menggunakan daftar 7-1 pada JP. Holman P.304, didapatkan C = 0.53 dan m = 1/4 sehingga: Nu = 0.53 (Gr.Pr) = 0.53 (3.5 x 10⁵)
=
12.49
g. Koefisien Perpindahan Panas Konveksi (h) h = nu. k d = 12.49 x 0.631 w/m˚c 0.0127 m = 620.8 w/m²˚c h. Kerugian Energi (Q Loss) Q Loss= Panas diterima oleh kolektor - Panas dipakai untuk memanaskan air = (39.57 - 11.43) Btu = 28.137 Btu i. Efisiensi (ŋ) ŋ =
Q Berguna Q diterima kolektor = 11.43 Btu 39.57 Btu = 28.89 %
x 100 x 100
11. Design Overall Coefficient (Ud) Rd = 0.002 1 = 1 + Ud Uc = 1 #NAME? Ud =
#NAME?
Rd +
0.002
LMTD 102.06
Koefisien Konveksi (h) 620.8 w/m²˚c
Q Berguna 11.43 Btu
Q Loss 28.137 Btu
Eff.
28.89 %
Keterangan: σ = Konstanta Stefan Boltzman T = Temperatur Absolut, K ԑ = Emisivitas benda hitam = 1
38.95 t av
Perhitungan Lap Prak. SO 67.74 ˚F 1 107.51 ˚F 1.1 Interpolasi y = y1+(x-x1)/x2-x1)*(y2-y1) 102.11 ˚F 1.09
5.669 x 10ˉ⁸ w/m²k⁴
oC 26.67 32.22 37.78 43.33 48.89
0.614 0.623 0.63 0.637
l/mᵌ.oC 1.91 2.48x 3.3x 4.19
ata-rata (t AV) = Interpolasi = 38.95˚C,
y = y1+(x-x1)/x2-x1)*(y2-y1) 0.6310 3.59 x 0.6307
Perhitungan Lap Prak. SO 67.74 ˚F 1.05 107.51 ˚F 0.65
Interpolasi y = y1+(x-x1)/x2-x1)*(y2-y1) 96.71 ˚F 0.76 atau 0.57
JH
#NAME?
10 20 30 40 50 100 1000 2000 2500 5000 2189 2558 4132
1.5 1.8 Interpolasi y = y1+(x-x1)/x2-x1)*(y2-y1) 2 2.25 2.5 3 6 8 10 22.5 8.76 10.29 18.16
k Water 32 ˚F 0.33 86 ˚F 0.356 140 ˚F 0.381 176 ˚F 0.398 Interpolasi y = y1+(x-x1)/x2-x1)*(y2-y1) 96.71 °F
###
Pada diameter pipa 0.5 inch ID = 0.546 inch OD = 0.84 inch ID =
###
OD = 2.1336 cm x
1 ft 30.48 cm
=
0.046 ft
1 ft
=
0.07 ft
30.48 cm
Pada Jam Ke (Wib) 9:10 9:20 9:30 9:40 9:50 10:00 10:10 10:20 10:30 10:40 10:50 11:00 11:10 11:20 11:30 11:40 11:50 12:00 12:10 12:20 12:30 12:40 12:50 13:00 13:10 13:20 13:30 13:40 13:50 14:00 14:10 14:20 14:30 14:40 14:50 15:00
T in (˚C) 29 29 29 29.1 29.2 29.2 29.3 29.4 29.4 29.5 29.7 29.8 30 30 30.3 31 31.2 31.5 32.3 32.5 32.5 32.4 32.8 33 33.4 33.5 34 34.5 34.8 35 35.5 36 36.5 37 37.2 37.5
T out (˚C) 31.6 31.7 31.9 32.1 32.3 32.4 32.2 32 32.5 33.2 34.6 35.2 36.3 37 36.8 37.1 37.8 38 40.2 41 40.3 39 41.8 42.6 44.6 45.2 46.8 49.2 46.5 47.1 47.6 46.2 45.8 45.1 44.6 43.9
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²) 232 233 245 256 290 310 297 280 317 361 420 462 490 509 441 520 579 670 678 768 780 772 790 807 836 821 825 854 785 839 867 829 780 762 620 590
T Absorber (˚C) 45.2 45.8 47.2 49.2 50.5 51.6 51.1 49.8 50.5 51.9 53.5 55.7 57.4 57.5 55.8 58.8 64.2 67 67.1 68 68.8 68 72 76 78 77.5 76.8 77.6 73 75.2 76.6 74.2 69.6 67.4 64.5 58. 7
Pada Jam Ke (Wib) 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 10 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 11 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 12 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 13 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 14 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 15
T in (˚C) 29.5 29.7 29.8 30 30.2 30.2 31.4 31.9 32.2 32.6 32.8 32.9 33.1 33.3 33.5 33.6 33.8 34.2 34.2 34.4 34.5 34.7 34.9 35 35 35.5 35.8 35.8 36 36.2 36.4 36.4 36.5 36.8 36.9 37
T out (˚C) 30.1 30.3 30.8 30.7 30.6 31.2 32.9 34 34.3 34.8 36 36.2 36.5 36.8 37.2 37.5 37.8 38.4 38.5 38.8 39.2 41 41.2 41.3 41.7 41.9 42.5 42.6 42.4 42.2 42.1 41.8 41.2 39.7 39.9 40
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²) 128 139 175 170 150 192 238 480 488 490 550 567 580 582 590 600 612 615 620 710 715 802 830 862 880 897 931 899 890 851 855 720 705 620 630 632
T Absorber (˚C) 35.6 36.1 40.2 41 38.2 39.9 42.5 57.8 58.2 58.7 60.5 61.2 61.8 62.1 64.2 64.5 65.8 66.3 66.7 67.5 68.2 69.6 70.5 71 71.4 72.2 73.5 71.2 71 69.8 69.5 67.6 66.2 58.2 59.2 59.3
Pada Jam Ke (Wib) 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 10 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 11 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 12 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 13 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 14 14.1 14.2 14.3
T in (˚C) 29.8 30 30 30 30.2 30.3 31.5 31.7 31.9 33.7 33.8 33.8 33.8 33.8 33.9 34 34.2 34.3 34.4 34.4 34.5 34.7 34.8 34.8 35 35 35.2 35.3 35.4 35.4 35.5 35.6 35.8
T out (˚C) 30.5 30.7 30.8 30.7 31 31.2 32.8 34 32.7 34.4 35.1 35 35.8 37.2 37.5 40 39.2 38.6 38.8 39.2 39.7 40.5 41.8 42 42.4 42.5 42.5 42.4 42.3 41.8 41.4 41 41.2
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²) 145 151 168 88 123 130 373 460 373 473 483 480 521 893 887 955 892 616 630 725 840 862 905 908 930 931 934 930 931 840 789 756 760
T Absorber (˚C) 38.4 39.5 39.9 37.2 37.7 39 53.4 66.9 64.3 67.7 68.9 57.8 63.4 70.6 71.2 78.9 75.2 68.1 69.3 70.2 70.9 71.3 71.6 71.7 72.2 72.6 72.8 72.4 71.7 70.6 66.9 64.3 64.5
14.4
36.1
39.6
610
59.2
14.5 15
36.3 36.5
39.9 39.7
650 634
60.6 60.2
Pada Jam Ke (Wib) 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 10 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 11 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 12 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 13 13.1 13.2 13.3
T in (˚C) 30 30 30.1 30.2 30.3 30.3 30.4 30.5 30.5 30.6 30.8 31 31.2 31.5 31.6 31.7 31.9 32 32.2 32.3 32.5 32.4 32.8 33 33.2 33.5 34
T out (˚C) 30.8 31.2 31.8 31.8 31.6 32.2 32.6 32.8 32.7 34.5 35.2 35.4 35.8 36.2 37.6 39 39.4 40.6 40.8 40.9 41 41.5 41.8 42 42.2 42.8 42.7
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²) 275 301 330 332 328 340 375 462 443 483 498 504 522 675 687 745 782 796 810 825 840 862 902 908 917 920 890
T Absorber (˚C) 35.4 36.5 38.9 38.2 37.5 38 40.4 46.8 45.2 46.5 48.7 54.2 56.4 64.5 65.2 67.9 68.3 69.2 70.2 70.5 71.8 72 76.5 76.7 77.1 77.6 72.5
13.4 13.5 14 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 15
34.2 34.5 35 35.5 36.2 36.5 36.8 37 37.2
9:10 9:20 9:30 9:40 9:50 10:00 10:10 10:20 10:30 10:40 10:50 11:00 11:10 11:20 11:30 11:40 11:50 12:00 12:10 12:20 12:30 12:40 12:50 13:00 13:10 13:20 13:30 13:40
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²) 232 233 245 256 290 310 297 280 317 361 420 462 490 509 441 520 579 670 678 768 780 772 790 807 836 821 825 854
42.5 42.3 42.2 42.9 41.6 41.5 41.2 39.8 38.5
128 139 175 170 150 192 238 480 488 490 550 567 580 582 590 600 612 615 620 710 715 802 830 862 880 897 931 899
830 801 780 795 726 670 656 640 605
145 151 168 88 123 130 373 460 373 473 483 480 521 893 887 955 892 616 630 725 840 862 905 908 930 931 934 930
70.2 69.6 68.2 68.8 66.7 65.2 63.5 61.6 59.5
275 301 330 332 328 340 375 462 443 483 498 504 522 675 687 745 782 796 810 825 840 862 902 908 917 920 890 830
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²) 302 330 350 431 460 489 492 675 725 802 858 871 820 867 840 950 752 837 785 750 623 687 711 722 755 782 760 775
295 320 330 441 450 458 470 650 686 690 755 822 825 876 891 912 900 924 930 937 920 887 879 890 920 1014 965 958
264 288 312 378 420 425 490 530 575 610 655 642 655 676 794 811 820 824 860 877 890 902 860 862 870 885 905 895
13:50 14:00 14:10 14:20 14:30 14:40 14:50 15:00
785 839 867 829 780 762 620 590
890 851 855 720 705 620 630 632
931 840 789 756 760 610 650 634
801 780 795 726 670 656 640 605
812 792 778 772 760 746 730 640
870 832 781 729 720 655 660 634
886 875 834 790 775 750 720 664
Percobaan Ke
30/6/2018 2/7/208 3/7/2018 6/7/2018
Percobaan Ke
7/7/2018 9/7/2018 10/7/2018 11/7/2018
T in (˚C) 32.111 33.797 33.761 32.594
T out (˚C) 39.228 37.614 37.664 38.039
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²) 580.972 594.306 632.667 645.972
T Absorber (˚C) 62.657 60.478 63.086 59.889
Alumunium
T in (˚C) 33.966
T out (˚C) 41.317
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²) 700.861
T Absorber (˚C) 75.089
Tembaga
32.678 32.519 33.381
41.850 40.994 41.314
746.556 701.917 649.333
76.117 70.703 68.964 Alumunium
Pada Jam Ke (Wib)
9:10 9:20 9:30 9:40 9:50 10:00 10:10 10:20 10:30 10:40 10:50 11:00 11:10 11:20 11:30 11:40 11:50 12:00 12:10 12:20 12:30
T in (˚C) 29.57 29.67 29.72 29.82 29.97 30 30.65 30.87 31 31.6 31.77 31.87 32.02 32.15 32.32 32.57 32.77 33 33.27 33.4 33.5
T out (˚C) 30.75 30.97 31.32 31.32 31.37 31.75 32.62 33.2 33.05 34.22 35.22 35.45 36.1 36.8 37.27 38.4 38.55 38.9 39.57 39.97 40.05
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²) 195 206 229.5 211.5 222.7 243 320.7 420.5 405.2 451.7 487.7 503.2 528.2 664.7 651.2 705 716.2 674.2 684.5 757 793.7
T Absorber (˚C) 38.65 39.47 41.55 41.4 40.97 42.12 46.85 55.32 54.55 56.2 57.9 57.22 59.75 63.67 64.1 67.52 68.37 67.65 68.32 69.05 69.92
Keterangan Berawan Berawan Berawan Berawan Berawan Berawan Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah
12:40 12:50 13:00 13:10 13:20 13:30 13:40 13:50 14:00 14:10 14:20 14:30 14:40 14:50 15:00
33.55 33.82 33.95 34.15 34.37 34.75 34.95 35.17 35.4 35.72 36.05 36.32 36.67 36.85 37.05
40.5 41.65 41.97 42.72 43.1 43.62 44.17 43.37 43.32 43.5 42.65 42.42 41.4 41.05 40.52
824.5 856.7 871.2 890.7 892.2 895 878.2 851.7 827.5 826.5 757.7 728.7 662 635 615.2
70.22 72.65 73.85 74.67 74.97 73.9 72.85 71.32 70.95 70.45 68.2 66.37 62.07 61.47 59.66
Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Tembaga
Pada Jam Ke (Wib)
9:10 9:20 9:30 9:40 9:50 10:00 10:10 10:20 10:30 10:40 10:50 11:00 11:10 11:20 11:30 11:40 11:50 12:00 12:10 12:20 12:30 12:40
T in (˚C) 29.92 30 30.15 30.27 30.45 30.55 30.67 30.8 30.9 30.97 31.17 31.3 31.47 31.62 31.95 32.3 32.62 32.85 33.02 33.27 33.45 33.6
T out (˚C) 31.35 31.6 32.22 33.12 33.8 34.02 34.35 35.27 36.05 36.52 37.97 40.25 41.4 41.95 42.82 43.75 43.65 44.85 45 45.22 44.35 44.4
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²) 276.5 306.7 325.5 397.5 420 443.5 468.5 576.2 617.7 653.5 705.7 727.7 753 774.7 804 845.7 798 852.5 851.2 860.2 815.7 825.7
T Absorber (˚C) 38.6 40.85 42.52 47.25 50.52 53.8 55.87 61 64.27 66.62 70.57 74.4 72.62 77.65 75 81.75 76.4 81.97 81.1 82.85 78.32 81.82
Keterangan Berawan Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah
12:50 13:00 13:10 13:20 13:30 13:40 13:50 14:00 14:10 14:20 14:30 14:40 14:50 15:00
33.75
44.75
823.7
82.4
Cerah
34 34.22 34.5 34.9 35.2 35.45 35.7 36 36.4 36.72 37.07 37.57 37.92
45.12 45.45 46.12 46.6 46.62 46.52 46.2 45.9 45.25 44.87 44.37 44.12 43.4
834 848.7 884 889.7 894.5 862 804.7 794.5 752.7 727.5 697.7 674.2 599.5
85.75 87.5 90.42 90.2 90.3 88.42 85.75 84.5 82.45 79.55 76.85 71.67 66.27
Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah
Suhu (˚C)
Pipa Alumunium 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
10 9:
30 9:
50 9:
0 :1 10
0 :3 10
0 :5 10
0 :1 11
0 :3 11
0 :5 11
0 :1 12
0 :3 12
0 :5 12
0 :1 13
0 :3 13
0 :5 13
0 :1 14
0 :3 14
0 :5 14
Waktu (Wib)
Suhu (˚C)
T in
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
T out
Pipa Tembaga
10 9:
30 9:
50 9:
0 :1 10
0 :3 10
0 :5 10
0 :1 11
0 :3 11
0 :5 11
0 :1 12
0 :3 12
0 :5 12
0 :1 13
0 :3 13
Waktu (Wib) T in
T out
T absorber
0 :5 13
0 :1 14
0 :3 14
0 :5 14
30 20 10 0
10 9:
30 9:
50 9:
0 :1 10
0 :3 10
0 :5 10
0 :1 11
0 :3 11
0 :5 11
0 :1 12
0 :3 12
0 :5 12
0 :1 13
0 :3 13
Waktu (Wib) T in
T out
T absorber
0 :5 13
0 :1 14
0 :3 14
0 :5 14
In te n s i ta s R a d i a s i (w / m ²)
245 289 310 340 350 402 422 450 485 512 555 576 712 680 691 710 720 825 830 877 830 827 845 862 850 855 929 950
1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Waktu (Wib)
30/06/2018 07/07/2018
02/07/2018 09/07/2018
03/07/2018 10/07/2018
06/07/2018 11/07/2018
880 720 785 720 655 640 587 460
Pada Jam Ke (Wib) 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 10 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 11 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 12 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 13 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 14 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 15
T in (˚C) 30.2 30.2 30.4 30.5 30.7 30.9 31.2 31.3 31.4 31.5 31.9 32.2 32.6 32.8 33.2 33,5 34.3 34.4 34.7 34.8 35.1 35.2 35.2 35.3 35.5 35.9 36 36.1 36.3 36.4 36.5 36.5 36.9 37.3 37.6 37.8
T out (˚C) 32.1 32.4 32.6 33.5 34 34.1 34.2 35.6 36.2 36.7 37.8 42.8 42.5 43.7 44.3 44.8 43.2 45.2 44.8 44.7 41.9 42 43.4 43.7 45 45.3 45.1 45.2 45.8 45.7 45.5 45.3 45.1 44.8 44.6 43.8
Intensitas T Radiasi Absorber (w/m²) (˚C) 302 45.2 330 46.7 350 49.4 431 52.4 460 56.8 489 62.1 492 64.8 675 69.2 725 75.5 802 78.3 858 80.5 871 85.7 820 70.3 867 90 840 71.6 950 91.5 752 68.4 837 82.5 785 76.6 750 75.3 623 60.5 687 72.2 711 74.5 722 82.4 755 89.5 782 91.6 760 88.9 775 89.5 812 92.2 792 90.1 778 88.2 772 87.4 760 83.4 746 76.8 730 74.5 640 68.7
Pada Jam Ke (Wib) 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 10 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 11 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 12 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 13 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 14 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 15
T in (˚C) 30 30.1 30.2 30.2 30.4 30.5 30.5 30.6 30.7 30.7 30.8 30.9 31 31.1 31.2 31.6 31.8 32 32 32.2 32.3 32.4 32.5 32.8 33.2 33.5 34.2 34.5 34.8 35.2 35.7 36.5 36.8 37.1 38 38.4
T out (˚C) 31.6 31.8 32.5 33.6 34.2 34.3 34.5 35.7 36.4 36.8 38.5 42.2 42.5 43.8 44.5 44.8 44.7 45.2 45.5 45.7 45.4 45.2 45.4 45.7 46 47.8 47.3 46.8 46.5 46.2 45.3 44.8 44.7 43.7 43.6 43.4
Intensitas T Radiasi Absorber (w/m²) (˚C) 295 37.8 320 40.5 330 41.4 441 50.5 450 53.4 458 53.8 470 54.9 650 62.5 686 65.4 690 66.2 755 70.8 822 81.2 825 81.3 876 84.2 891 85.4 912 89.5 900 90 924 92.6 930 92.8 937 93.3 920 90.5 887 88.5 879 87.3 890 88.2 920 90.5 1014 98.5 965 95.2 958 93.5 870 87.4 832 84 781 80.5 729 78.4 720 77.5 655 76.2 660 70.8 634 65.7
Pada Jam Ke (Wib) 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 10 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 11 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 12 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 13 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 14 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 15
T in (˚C) 29.5 29.6 29.8 30 30.2 30.3 30.4 30.5 30.5 30.6 30.8 30.9 30.9 31 31.2 31.5 31.6 32 32.2 32.3 32.4 32.6 32.8 33.2 33.4 33.8 34.2 34.6 34.9 35.2 35.4 35.8 36 36.4 36.8 37.4
T out (˚C) 30.6 30.9 31.2 32.5 33.8 33.9 34.6 35.2 35.8 36.4 38.2 37.8 38 38.4 40.2 42.6 43.7 43.9 44.5 44.7 44.9 45.6 45.3 45.4 45.6 45.8 47.2 46.9 46.6 46.4 46 45.5 45.2 44.8 44.5 43.2
Intensitas T Radiasi Absorber (w/m²) (˚C) 264 36.2 288 38.5 312 40.8 378 46.2 420 49.4 425 50.5 490 52.9 530 57.8 575 60.4 610 63.8 655 68.5 642 66.8 655 67.5 676 69.2 794 74.4 811 75.5 820 76 824 76.6 860 78.2 877 79.5 890 80.8 902 85.8 860 84.3 862 84.2 870 84.6 885 86.1 905 88.5 895 87.8 886 86.7 875 85.2 834 84.1 790 81.4 775 78.8 750 77.6 720 72.5 664 68.2
Pada Jam Ke (Wib) 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 10 10.1 10.2
T in (˚C) 30 30.1 30.2 30.4 30.5 30.5 30.6 30.8
T out (˚C) 31.1 31.3 32.6 32.9 33.2 33.8 34.1 34.6
10.3 10.4 10.5 11 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 12 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 13 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 14 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 15
31 31.1 31.2 31.2 31.4 31.6 32.2 32.6 32.8 33 33.2 33.8 34 34.2 34.5 34.7 34.8 34.8 35.2 35.6 35.8 36 36.4 36.8 37.2 37.5 37.9 38.1
35.8 36.2 37.4 38.2 42.6 41.9 42.3 42.8 43 45.1 45.2 45.8 45.2 44.8 44.9 45.7 45.2 45.6 46.8 47.6 47.2 46.5 46.8 45.4 44.5 44.2 43.8 43.2
Intensitas T Radiasi Absorber (w/m²) (˚C) 245 35.2 289 37.7 310 38.5 340 39.9 350 42.5 402 48.8 422 50.9 450 54.5 485 512 555 576 712 680 691 710 720 825 830 877 830 827 845 862 850 855 929 950 880 720 785 720 655 640 587 460
55.8 58.2 62.5 63.9 71.4 67.2 68.6 70.5 71.2 76.2 76.8 83.3 81.5 80.8 83.5 88.2 85.4 85.5 88.2 90.4 87.4 83.7 85.2 82.6 78.5 76.8 68.9 62.5
Tabel 1. Konstanta Laju Pemanasan Air Pada Pipa Alumunium Percobaan Ke 1 2 3 4
ΔT ˚C 7.117 3.817 3.903 5.444
LMTD ˚F 96.050 96.220 96.240 95.470
Uc Btu/hr.ft².°F 11.613 11.607 11.605 11.669
Tabel 2. Konstanta Laju Pemanasan Air Pada Pipa Tembaga Percobaan Ke 1 2 3 4
ΔT ˚C 7.351 9.172 8.475 7.933
LMTD ˚F 99.600 98.840 97.950 99.050
Uc Btu/hr.ft².°F 11.298 11.358 11.440 11.344
Tabel 1. Data Hasil Perhitungan SWH Menggunakan Pipa Alumunium Pada jam Ke Intensitas Radiasi Koefisien Konveksi Q Berguna (Wib) (w/m²˚c) (Btu) (w/m²) 169.9 3.09 9:10 195 175.4 3.41 9:20 206 187.4 4.2 9:30 229.5 184 3.94 9:40 211.5 180.6 3.68 9:50 222.7 193.8 4.6 10:00 243 288 5.2 10:10 320.7 306.8 6.16 10:20 420.5 294.1 5.42 10:30 405.2 324.2 6.95 10:40 451.7 358.9 9.18 10:50 487.7 364.4 9.53 11:00 503.2 383.2 10.88 11:10 528.2 601.7 12.42 11:20 664.7 613.9 13.24 11:30 651.2 645.4 15.64 11:40 705 645.5 15.52 11:50 716.2 651.3 15.86 12:00 674.2 666.1 16.97 12:10 684.5 675.4 17.71 12:20 757 680.2 17.66 12:30 793.7
Q Loss (Btu) 7.1 7.84 9.68 9.08 8.48 10.63 12.08 14.36 12.63 12.04 21.65 22.51 25.78 29.53 31.55 37.48 37.23 38.14 40.95 42.85 42.76
12:40 12:50 13:00 13:10 13:20 13:30 13:40 13:50 14:00 14:10 14:20 14:30 14:40 14:50 15:00
824.5 856.7 871.2 890.7 892.2 895 878.2 851.7 827.5 826.5 757.7 728.7 662 635 615.2
687.9 714.9 721.2 737.4 743.5 750.4 740.8 736.5 730.9 729.8 698.3 684.8 640.1 620.8 590.7
18.76 21.2 21.74 23.27 23.74 24.16 25.16 22.35 21.59 21.23 17.99 16.63 12.88 11.43 9.44
Tabel 2. Data Hasil Perhitungan SWH Menggunakan Pipa Tembaga Pada jam Ke Intensitas Radiasi Koefisien Konveksi Q Berguna (Wib) (w/m²) (w/m²˚c) (Btu) 254 3.76 9:10 276.5 264.4 4.21 9:20 306.7 290.2 5.45 9:30 325.5 325.7 7.52 9:40 397.5 346.5 8.86 9:50 420 351.6 9.18 10:00 443.5 360 9.75 10:10 468.5 387.6 11.87 10:20 576.2 409.5 13.7 10:30 617.7 421.8 14.78 10:40 653.5 662.6 18.17 10:50 705.7 702.3 24.04 11:00 727.7 726.7 26.74 11:10 753 757.2 27.86 11:20 774.7 772.7 29.39 11:30 804 788.9 31.04 11:40 845.7 782.6 29.92 11:50 798 806.1 32.65 12:00 852.5 807.3 32.61 12:10 851.2 809 32.56 12:20 860.2 800.2 29.66 12:30 815.7 786.5 29.4 12:40 825.7 792.5 29.97 12:50 823.7
45.51 51.71 53.1 57.07 59.34 59.6 62.23 55.15 53.32 52.53 44.43 41.07 31.72 28.13 23.2
Q Loss (Btu) 8.66 9.71 12.63 17.49 20.67 21.45 22.82 27.89 32.31 34.93 43.23 57.74 64.58 67.46 71.5 75.9 73.21 80.33 80.35 80.37 73.01 72.42 73.98
13:00 13:10 13:20 13:30 13:40 13:50 14:00 14:10 14:20 14:30 14:40 14:50 15:00
834 848.7 884 889.7 894.5 862 804.7 794.5 752.7 727.5 697.7 674.2 599.5
797.5 802 813.2 818.6 815.1 809.5 798.5 765.8 549.9 534.9 515.2 498 468.4
30.34 30.68 31.8 32.08 31.33 30.38 28.81 27.17 24.27 22.35 20.01 17.97 15.02
75.06 76.05 79.13 80.09 78.32 75.98 72.04 67.92 60.62 55.8 49.94 44.87 37.46
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²) 195 206 229.5 211.5 222.7 243 320.7 420.5 405.2 451.7 487.7 503.2 528.2 664.7 651.2 705 716.2 674.2 684.5 757 793.7 824.5 856.7 871.2 890.7 892.2 895
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²) 276.5 306.7 325.5 397.5 420 443.5 468.5 576.2 617.7 653.5 705.7 727.7 753 774.7 804 845.7 798 852.5 851.2 860.2 815.7 825.7 823.7 834 848.7 884 889.7
Ir Rata-rata 235.75 256.35 277.5 304.5 321.35 343.25 394.6 498.35 511.45 552.6 596.7 615.45 640.6 719.7 727.6 775.35 757.1 763.35 767.85 808.6 804.7 825.1 840.2 852.6 869.7 888.1 892.35
Koefisien Konveksi (w/m²˚c) 169.9 175.4 187.4 184 180.6 193.8 288 306.8 294.1 324.2 358.9 364.4 383.2 601.7 613.9 645.4 645.5 651.3 666.1 675.4 680.2 687.9 714.9 721.2 737.4 743.5 750.4
878.2 851.7 827.5 826.5 757.7 728.7 662 635 615.2
894.5 862 804.7 794.5 752.7 727.5 697.7 674.2 599.5
886.35 856.85 816.1 810.5 755.2 728.1 679.85 654.6 607.35
740.8 736.5 730.9 729.8 698.3 684.8 640.1 620.8 590.7
alumunium Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²) 195 206 229.5 211.5 222.7 243 320.7 420.5 405.2 451.7 487.7 503.2 528.2 664.7 651.2 705 716.2 674.2 684.5 757 793.7 824.5 856.7 871.2 890.7 892.2 895 878.2 851.7 827.5 826.5
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²) 276.5 306.7 325.5 397.5 420 443.5 468.5 576.2 617.7 653.5 705.7 727.7 753 774.7 804 845.7 798 852.5 851.2 860.2 815.7 825.7 823.7 834 848.7 884 889.7 894.5 862 804.7 794.5
Ir Rata-rata 235.75 256.35 277.5 304.5 321.35 343.25 394.6 498.35 511.45 552.6 596.7 615.45 640.6 719.7 727.6 775.35 757.1 763.35 767.85 808.6 804.7 825.1 840.2 852.6 869.7 888.1 892.35 886.35 856.85 816.1 810.5
tembaga
Q Berguna
Q Loss
Q Berguna
(Btu) 3.09 3.41 4.2 3.94 3.68 4.6 5.2 6.16 5.42 6.95 9.18 9.53 10.88 12.42 13.24 15.64 15.52 15.86 16.97 17.71 17.66 18.76 21.2 21.74 23.27 23.74 24.16 25.16 22.35 21.59 21.23
(Btu) 7.1 7.84 9.68 9.08 8.48 10.63 12.08 14.36 12.63 12.04 21.65 22.51 25.78 29.53 31.55 37.48 37.23 38.14 40.95 42.85 42.76 45.51 51.71 53.1 57.07 59.34 59.6 62.23 55.15 53.32 52.53
(Btu) 3.76 4.21 5.45 7.52 8.86 9.18 9.75 11.87 13.7 14.78 18.17 24.04 26.74 27.86 29.39 31.04 29.92 32.65 32.61 32.56 29.66 29.4 29.97 30.34 30.68 31.8 32.08 31.33 30.38 28.81 27.17
757.7 728.7 662 635 615.2
752.7 727.5 697.7 674.2 599.5
755.2 728.1 679.85 654.6 607.35
17.99 16.63 12.88 11.43 9.44
44.43 41.07 31.72 28.13 23.2
24.27 22.35 20.01 17.97 15.02
Tembaga
30.24 30.21 30.15 30.06 29.99 29.97 29.93 29.84 29.77 29.72 29.59 29.39 29.28 29.23 29.13 29.03 29.01 28.89 28.87 28.83 28.89
ΔT (˚C) 1.18 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.75 1.97 2.33 2.05 2.62 3.45 3.58 4.08 4.65 4.95 5.83 5.78 5.9 6.3 6.57 6.55
LMTD ˚F 86.28 86.57 86.93 87.02 87.2 87.57 88.93 89.65 89.63 91.22 92.26 92.55 92.33 93.99 94.56 95.78 96.09 96.61 97.45 97.91 98.08
Ko ef sie n Ko nve ks i (w / m ²˚c)
Al Efisiensi (%) 30.32 30.3 30.26 30.25 30.24 30.2 30.07 30.01 30.01 29.86 29.77 29.74 29.67 29.6 29.55 29.44 29.41 29.36 29.29 29.25 29.23
800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m
29.19 29.08 29.04 28.97 28.92 28.85 28.79 28.83 28.82 28.78 28.82 28.82 28.87 28.89 28.91
Efisiensi (%) 30.24 30.21 30.15 30.06 29.99 29.97 29.93 29.84 29.77 29.72 29.59 29.39 29.28 29.23 29.13 29.03 29.01 28.89 28.87 28.83 28.89 28.87 28.83
28.87 28.83 28.79 28.74 28.67 28.6 28.57 28.56 28.57 28.57 28.59 28.6 28.61 28.59 28.62
6.95 7.83 8.02 8.57 8.73 8.87 9.22 8.2 7.92 7.78 6.6 6.1 4.73 4.2 3.47
98.51 99.76 100.15 100.99 101.52 102.33 102.99 102.51 102.68 103.14 102.72 102.77 102.2 102.06 101.78
ΔT ˚C 1.43 1.6 2.07 2.85 3.35 3.47 3.68 4.47 5.15 5.55 6.8 8.95 9.93 10.33 10.87 11.45 11.03 12 11.98 11.95 10.9 10.8 11
LMTD ˚F 87.14 87.43 88.12 88.14 89.79 90.08 90.48 91.4 92.18 96.25 94.09 96.17 97.31 97.92 98.97 100.09 100.32 101.55 101.84 102.26 102.55 101.89 102.33
11.12 11.23 11.62 11.7 11.42 11.07 10.5 9.9 8.85 8.15 7.3 6.55 5.48
Koefisien Konveksi (w/m²˚c) 254 264.4 290.2 325.7 346.5 351.6 360 387.6 409.5 421.8 662.6 702.3 726.7 757.2 772.7 788.9 782.6 806.1 807.3 809 800.2 786.5 792.5 797.5 802 813.2 818.6
K o ef s ie n K o n v e ks i (w / m ² ˚ c )
28.79 28.74 28.67 28.6 28.57 28.56 28.57 28.57 28.59 28.6 28.61 28.59 28.62
1000 800 600 400 200
102.88 103.37 104.21 105 105.3 105.46 105.43 105.46 105.28 105.26 105.16 105.41 105.11
K o ef s ie n K 1000
815.1 809.5 798.5 765.8 549.9 534.9 515.2 498 468.4
800 600 400 200 0
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²) Al umuni um
Tembaga
tembaga
(Btu) 8.66 9.71 12.63 17.49 20.67 21.45 22.82 27.89 32.31 34.93 43.23 57.74 64.58 67.46 71.5 75.9 73.21 80.33 80.35 80.37 73.01 72.42 73.98 75.06 76.05 79.13 80.09 78.32 75.98 72.04 67.92
Q Be rgu n a d an Q L o ss (Bt u )
Q Loss
90 80 70
Q Loss Tembaga
60
Q Loss Alumunium
50 40
Q Berguna Tembaga
30
Q Berguna Alumunium
20 10 0
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²)
60.62 55.8 49.94 44.87 37.46
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²)
U c (B tu /h r.ft².°F )
In te n s i ta s R a d i a s i (w / m ²)
Pip 13
1200
12.5
1000
12
800
11.5
600
11
400
10.5
200
10
0
Int
Waktu (Wib)
02/07/2018 09/07/2018
03/07/2018 10/07/2018
06/07/2018 11/07/2018
Pipa Alumunium
80 70 60
U c (B tu/h r.ft².°F )
Suhu (˚C)
30/06/2018 07/07/2018
50
P 13 12.5 12
40
11.5
30
11
20
10.5
10
10
0
9.5
10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 9: 9: 9: 9: 9: 10: 10: 10: 10: 10: 10: 11: 11: 11: 11: 11: 11: 12: 12: 12: 12: 12: 12: 13: 13: 13: 13: 13: 13: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 15:
Waktu (Wib) T out
Suhu (˚C)
Pipa Tembaga 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 9: 9: 9: 9: 9: 10: 10: 10: 10: 10: 10: 11: 11: 11: 11: 11: 11: 12: 12: 12: 12: 12: 12: 13: 13: 13: 13: 13: 13: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 15:
T out
Pip 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 19
5
5 7 7 2 1. 20. 51. 2 8. 1 2 3 4 5
Intensita
Waktu (Wib) T in
Inte
T Absorber
Panas (Btu)
T in
T absorber
10 0
0 19
10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 9: 9: 9: 9: 9: 10: 10: 10: 10: 10: 10: 11: 11: 11: 11: 11: 11: 12: 12: 12: 12: 12: 12: 13: 13: 13: 13: 13: 13: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 15:
5
T absorber
100 80 60 40 20
Panas (Btu)
LMTD ˚F
T out
Aliran Batch
120
5 7 7 2 1. 20. 51. 2 8. 3 4 5
Intensita
Waktu (Wib) T in
21
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
0
44 89 33 78 22 67 11 56 75 44 89 33 78 22 67 11 56 0.5 444 889 333 778 222 667 111 556 625 444 889 333 778 222 667 111 556 625 44 88 33 77 22 66 11 55 .43 44 88 33 77 22 66 11 55 4 8 3 7 2 6 1 5 .5 4 8 3 7 2 6 1 5 0. 44 888 833 777 722 666 611 555 0 444 388 333 277 222 166 111 055 44 88 33 77 22 66 11 55 0 444 388 333 277 222 166 111 055 9 1 88 95 02 09 16 23 30 4 51 58 65 72 79 86 93 69 138 208 277 347 416 486 555 9 6 3 0 7 4 1 8 8 4 0 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 56 57 58 59 59 60 61 61 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
Intens
Waktu (Wib)
30
Tembaga
30.5
Aliran Batch ŋ (%)
Uc (Btu/hr.f ².°F)
Alumunium
25
30 29.5
20
29
15
28.5
10
28
5
27.5
0 Waktu (Wib) Alumunium
Tembaga
Efs
U c (B tu /h r.ft².°F )
Pipa Alumunium 13 12.5 12 11.5
Uc
11 10.5 10
U c (B tu/h r.ft².°F )
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²)
Pipa Tembaga 13 12.5 12 11.5 11 10.5 10 9.5
Panas (Btu)
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²)
Pipa Alumunium 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 19
Q Berguna Q Loss 5
5 7 7 2 5 5 7 2 5 5 2 1 . 2 0 . 5 1 . 2 8 . 7 0 8 4 . 2 4 . 9 0 . 7 8 . 2 6 . 66 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 8 8 8
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²)
0 19
5
21
5 7 7 2 5 5 7 2 5 5 2 1 . 2 0 . 5 1 . 2 8 . 7 0 8 4 . 2 4 . 9 0 . 7 8 . 2 6 . 66 3 4 5 6 8 8 8 8
Panas (Btu)
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²)
Pipa Tembaga 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Q Berguna Q Loss
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²)
ŋ (%)
30.5
Efsiensi (ŋ) Vs Waktu
30 29.5 29 28.5 28 27.5
Waktu (Wib) Alumunium
Tembaga
2. Perhitungan Aktual Pada Alat Solar Water Heater a. Menghitung Bilangan Rayleigh (Ra) Fluid inner, pada diameter 0.5 inch D = 1.27 cm = 0.0127 m sifat-sifat udara di evaluasi pada suhu film : 36.85 ˚C 41.05 ˚C + 2 = 36.85 ˚C + 41.05 ˚C 2 = 38.95 ˚C Dari lampiran table A-9 JP. Holman P.589 pada
38.95 ˚C dilakukan interpolasi
dimana : ˚C
k
26.67 43.33
0.614 0.637
1.91 x 4.19 x
Interpolasi :
Nilai k
= = 0.631 w/m²˚c
Nilai
= = 3.59 x
l/mᶟ˚c
Ra = Gr. Pr Gr. Pr = = (3.59 x l/mᶟ˚c) x (41.05.-36.85)˚c x (0.0127 m)ᵌ = 308904.76
= 3.08 x 10⁵
b. Menghitung Bilangan Nusselt Dengan menggunakan daftar 7-1 pada JP. Holman P.304, didapatkan nilai C = 0.53 dan m = 1/4 sehingga : Nu = 0.53 (Gr.Pr) = 0.53 (3.08 x 10⁵) = 12.49 c. Koefisien Perpindahan Panas Konveksi (h) h = nu. k d = 12.49 x 0.631 w/m˚c 0.0127 m = 620.8 w/m²˚c
11. Design Overall Coefficient (Ud) Rd = 0.002 1 = 1 + Ud Uc = 1 #NAME? Ud =
#NAME?
Rd +
0.002
LMTD Koefisien Konveksi (h) #DIV/0! 620.8 w/m²˚c Q Berguna 0.00 Btu Eff.
˚K 38.95˚C, 300 350 interpolasi = 38.95 ˚K
Q Loss 39.568 Btu 0.00 %
k 0.02624 0.03003 0.00645
v 15.69 20.76 -10.78
pr 0.708 0.697 0.765
y = y1+(x-x1)/x2-x1)*(y2-y1) oC 26.67 32.22 37.78 43.33 48.89
Interpolasi = 38.95˚C,
Nilai k =
0.614 0.623 0.63 0.637
l/mᵌ.oC 1.91 2.48x 3.3x 4.19
y = y1+(x-x1)/x2-x1)*(y2-y1) 0.6310 3.59 x 0.6307
###
3.59 x
l/mᶟ˚c
p = 1/Tf
0.02567394
i C = 0.53 dan
JH
#NAME?
10 20 30 40 50 100 1000 2000 2500 5000 2189 2558 4132
1.5 1.8 Interpolasi y = y1+(x-x1)/x2-x1)*(y2-y1) 2 2.25 2.5 3 6 8 10 22.5 8.76 10.29 18.16
k Water 32 ˚F 0.33 86 ˚F 0.356 140 ˚F 0.381 176 ˚F 0.398 Interpolasi y = y1+(x-x1)/x2-x1)*(y2-y1) 96.71 °F
###
Pada diameter pipa 0.5 inch ID = 0.546 inch OD = 0.84 inch ID =
###
1 ft 30.48 cm
=
0.046 ft
OD = 2.1336 cm x
1 ft 30.48 cm
=
0.07 ft
b. Heat Balance pada kolektor termal (radiasi) Diketahui : σ = Konstanta Stefan Boltzman = 0.1714 x 10ˉBtu/hr.ft²R⁴ ԑ = Emisivitas benda hitam = 1 A = Luas permukaan kolektor = 1 m x 0.4 m = 0.4 m² = 4.31 ft² t1 = 36.85 ˚C 558 t2 = 41.05 ˚C 565.56
Keterangan: σ= T= ԑ=
38.95
Q = σ ԑ А Т⁴ = 0.1714 x 10ˉBtu/hr.ft²R⁴x 1 x 4.3056 ft² x (561.69⁴ - 551.07⁴) ˚R = 39.57 Btu/hr c. Heat balance untuk memanaskan fluida (Q Berguna) Q = m x cp x dT Diketahui : Diameter pipa = 0.5 inch, jari-jari (r) = 0.25 inch x 2.54 cm = 0.635 cm Panjang pipa (L) = 5 meter x 100 cm = 500 cm Volume Pipa (V) = π x r² x L = 3.14 x 0.635² x 500 cm = 633.06 cmᶟ = 633.06 ml/1000 = 0.633 liter Massa Fluida
=ρ x v = 0.997 gr/cmᶟ x 633.06 cmᵌ = 631.16 gr x 2.205 x 10⁻³ lb 1 gr = 1.392 lb
Perhitungan Lap Prak. S 67.74 ˚F 107.51 ˚F Interpolasi 38.95 ˚F
Dari temperatur t.av, dengan melihat grafik 2 didapat spesifik heat (cp) : cp = 0.93 Btu/lb.F ket: cp (Fig.2 Kern p.804) x (0.0 - 0.0) F Q= 1.392 lb x 0.93 Btu/lb.F Q = 0.00 Btu d. Menghitung LMTD t1 = t2 = ΔT = LMTD =
0 ˚F 0 ˚F _ 0 ˚F
to - ti ln to/ti
LMTD = ln LMTD =
(0.0 - 0.0) ˚F 0 ˚F 0 ˚F 0 ˚F ln #DIV/0!
LMTD = #DIV/0!
g. Kerugian Energi (Q Loss) Q Loss= Panas diterima oleh kolektor - Panas dipakai untuk memanaskan air = (39.57 0.00) Btu = 39.568 Btu h. Efisiensi (ŋ) ŋ = =
Q Berguna Q diterima kolektor 0.00 Btu 39.57 Btu
x 100 x 100
=
0.00 %
Keterangan: Konstanta Stefan Boltzman Temperatur Absolut, K Emisivitas benda hitam = 1
t av
Perhitungan Lap Prak. SO 1 1.1 y = y1+(x-x1)/x2-x1)*(y2-y1) 0.93
5.669 x 10ˉw/m²k⁴
Perhitungan Lap Prak. SO 67.74 ˚F 1.05 107.51 ˚F 0.65 Interpolasi y = y1+(x-x1)/x2-x1)*(y2-y1)
96.71 ˚F
0.76
atau
0.57
###
(561.69⁴ - 551.07⁴) ˚R
c. Heat balance untuk memanaskan fluida (Q Berguna) Q = m x cp x dT Diketahui : Diameter pipa = 0.5 inch, jari-jari (r) = 0.25 inch x 2.54 cm = 0.635 cm Panjang pipa (L) = 5 meter x 100 cm = 500 cm Volume Pipa (V) = π x r² x L = 3.14 x 0.635² x 500 cm = 633.06 cmᶟ = 633.06 ml/1000 = 0.633 liter Massa Fluida
=ρ x v = 0.997 gr/cmᶟ x 633.06 cmᵌ = 631.16 gr x 2.205 x 10⁻³ lb 1 gr = 1.392 lb
Dari temperatur t.av, dengan melihat grafik 2 didapat spesifik heat (cp) : cp = 1.09 Btu/lb.F ket: cp (Fig.2 Kern p.804) Q = 1.392 lb x 1.09 Btu/lb.F x (105.9 - 98.3) F Q = 11.43 Btu d. Menghitung LMTD t1 = 98.33 ˚F t2 = 105.89 ˚F _ ΔT = 7.56 ˚F LMTD =
to - ti ln to/ti LMTD = (105.9 - 98.3) ˚F ln 105.89 ˚F 98.33 ˚F LMTD = 7.56 ˚F ln 1.077 LMTD = 102.06 ˚F e. Bilangan Rayleigh (Ra) Fluid inner, pada diameter 0.5 inch D = 1.27 cm = 0.0127 m Dari lampiran table A-9 sifat-sifat air JP. Holman P. 593 pada temperatur rata-rata (t AV) = 38.95˚C, Nilai k = 0.631 w/m˚c dan = 3.59 x l/mᶟ˚c Ra = Gr. Pr Gr. Pr = = (2.91 x l/mᶟ˚c) x (38.9-33)˚c x (0.0127 m)ᵌ = 308904.76 = 3.8 x 10⁵ f. Bilangan Nusselt Dengan menggunakan daftar 7-1 pada JP. Holman P.304, didapatkan C = 0.53 dan m = 1/4 sehingga: Nu = 0.53 (Gr.Pr) = 0.53 (3.5 x 10⁵)
=
12.49
g. Koefisien Perpindahan Panas Konveksi (h) h = nu. k d = 12.49 x 0.631 w/m˚c 0.0127 m = 620.8 w/m²˚c h. Kerugian Energi (Q Loss) Q Loss= Panas diterima oleh kolektor - Panas dipakai untuk memanaskan air = (39.57 - 11.43) Btu = 28.137 Btu i. Efisiensi (ŋ) ŋ =
Q Berguna Q diterima kolektor = 11.43 Btu 39.57 Btu = 28.89 %
x 100 x 100
11. Design Overall Coefficient (Ud) Rd = 0.002 1 = 1 + Ud Uc = 1 #NAME? Ud =
#NAME?
Rd +
0.002
LMTD 102.06
Koefisien Konveksi (h) 620.8 w/m²˚c
Q Berguna 11.43 Btu
Q Loss 28.137 Btu
Eff.
28.89 %
Keterangan: σ = Konstanta Stefan Boltzman T = Temperatur Absolut, K ԑ = Emisivitas benda hitam = 1
38.95 t av
Perhitungan Lap Prak. SO 67.74 ˚F 1 107.51 ˚F 1.1 Interpolasi y = y1+(x-x1)/x2-x1)*(y2-y1) 102.11 ˚F 1.09
5.669 x 10ˉ⁸ w/m²k⁴
oC 26.67 32.22 37.78 43.33 48.89
0.614 0.623 0.63 0.637
l/mᵌ.oC 1.91 2.48x 3.3x 4.19
ata-rata (t AV) = Interpolasi = 38.95˚C,
y = y1+(x-x1)/x2-x1)*(y2-y1) 0.6310 3.59 x 0.6307
Perhitungan Lap Prak. SO 67.74 ˚F 1.05 107.51 ˚F 0.65
Interpolasi y = y1+(x-x1)/x2-x1)*(y2-y1) 96.71 ˚F 0.76 atau 0.57
JH
#NAME?
10 20 30 40 50 100 1000 2000 2500 5000 2189 2558 4132
1.5 1.8 Interpolasi y = y1+(x-x1)/x2-x1)*(y2-y1) 2 2.25 2.5 3 6 8 10 22.5 8.76 10.29 18.16
k Water 32 ˚F 0.33 86 ˚F 0.356 140 ˚F 0.381 176 ˚F 0.398 Interpolasi y = y1+(x-x1)/x2-x1)*(y2-y1) 96.71 °F
###
Pada diameter pipa 0.5 inch ID = 0.546 inch OD = 0.84 inch ID =
###
OD = 2.1336 cm x
1 ft 30.48 cm
=
0.046 ft
1 ft
=
0.07 ft
30.48 cm
Pada Jam Ke (Wib) 9:10 9:20 9:30 9:40 9:50 10:00 10:10 10:20 10:30 10:40 10:50 11:00 11:10 11:20 11:30 11:40 11:50 12:00 12:10 12:20 12:30 12:40 12:50 13:00 13:10 13:20 13:30 13:40 13:50 14:00 14:10 14:20 14:30 14:40 14:50 15:00
T in (˚C) 29 29 29 29.1 29.2 29.2 29.3 29.4 29.4 29.5 29.7 29.8 30 30 30.3 31 31.2 31.5 32.3 32.5 32.5 32.4 32.8 33 33.4 33.5 34 34.5 34.8 35 35.5 36 36.5 37 37.2 37.5
T out (˚C) 31.6 31.7 31.9 32.1 32.3 32.4 32.2 32 32.5 33.2 34.6 35.2 36.3 37 36.8 37.1 37.8 38 40.2 41 40.3 39 41.8 42.6 44.6 45.2 46.8 49.2 46.5 47.1 47.6 46.2 45.8 45.1 44.6 43.9
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²) 232 233 245 256 290 310 297 280 317 361 420 462 490 509 441 520 579 670 678 768 780 772 790 807 836 821 825 854 785 839 867 829 780 762 620 590
T Absorber (˚C) 45.2 45.8 47.2 49.2 50.5 51.6 51.1 49.8 50.5 51.9 53.5 55.7 57.4 57.5 55.8 58.8 64.2 67 67.1 68 68.8 68 72 76 78 77.5 76.8 77.6 73 75.2 76.6 74.2 69.6 67.4 64.5 58. 7
Pada Jam Ke (Wib) 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 10 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 11 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 12 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 13 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 14 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 15
T in (˚C) 29.5 29.7 29.8 30 30.2 30.2 31.4 31.9 32.2 32.6 32.8 32.9 33.1 33.3 33.5 33.6 33.8 34.2 34.2 34.4 34.5 34.7 34.9 35 35 35.5 35.8 35.8 36 36.2 36.4 36.4 36.5 36.8 36.9 37
T out (˚C) 30.1 30.3 30.8 30.7 30.6 31.2 32.9 34 34.3 34.8 36 36.2 36.5 36.8 37.2 37.5 37.8 38.4 38.5 38.8 39.2 41 41.2 41.3 41.7 41.9 42.5 42.6 42.4 42.2 42.1 41.8 41.2 39.7 39.9 40
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²) 128 139 175 170 150 192 238 480 488 490 550 567 580 582 590 600 612 615 620 710 715 802 830 862 880 897 931 899 890 851 855 720 705 620 630 632
T Absorber (˚C) 35.6 36.1 40.2 41 38.2 39.9 42.5 57.8 58.2 58.7 60.5 61.2 61.8 62.1 64.2 64.5 65.8 66.3 66.7 67.5 68.2 69.6 70.5 71 71.4 72.2 73.5 71.2 71 69.8 69.5 67.6 66.2 58.2 59.2 59.3
Pada Jam Ke (Wib) 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 10 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 11 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 12 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 13 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 14 14.1 14.2 14.3
T in (˚C) 29.8 30 30 30 30.2 30.3 31.5 31.7 31.9 33.7 33.8 33.8 33.8 33.8 33.9 34 34.2 34.3 34.4 34.4 34.5 34.7 34.8 34.8 35 35 35.2 35.3 35.4 35.4 35.5 35.6 35.8
T out (˚C) 30.5 30.7 30.8 30.7 31 31.2 32.8 34 32.7 34.4 35.1 35 35.8 37.2 37.5 40 39.2 38.6 38.8 39.2 39.7 40.5 41.8 42 42.4 42.5 42.5 42.4 42.3 41.8 41.4 41 41.2
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²) 145 151 168 88 123 130 373 460 373 473 483 480 521 893 887 955 892 616 630 725 840 862 905 908 930 931 934 930 931 840 789 756 760
T Absorber (˚C) 38.4 39.5 39.9 37.2 37.7 39 53.4 66.9 64.3 67.7 68.9 57.8 63.4 70.6 71.2 78.9 75.2 68.1 69.3 70.2 70.9 71.3 71.6 71.7 72.2 72.6 72.8 72.4 71.7 70.6 66.9 64.3 64.5
14.4
36.1
39.6
610
59.2
14.5 15
36.3 36.5
39.9 39.7
650 634
60.6 60.2
Pada Jam Ke (Wib) 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 10 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 11 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 12 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 13 13.1 13.2 13.3
T in (˚C) 30 30 30.1 30.2 30.3 30.3 30.4 30.5 30.5 30.6 30.8 31 31.2 31.5 31.6 31.7 31.9 32 32.2 32.3 32.5 32.4 32.8 33 33.2 33.5 34
T out (˚C) 30.8 31.2 31.8 31.8 31.6 32.2 32.6 32.8 32.7 34.5 35.2 35.4 35.8 36.2 37.6 39 39.4 40.6 40.8 40.9 41 41.5 41.8 42 42.2 42.8 42.7
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²) 275 301 330 332 328 340 375 462 443 483 498 504 522 675 687 745 782 796 810 825 840 862 902 908 917 920 890
T Absorber (˚C) 35.4 36.5 38.9 38.2 37.5 38 40.4 46.8 45.2 46.5 48.7 54.2 56.4 64.5 65.2 67.9 68.3 69.2 70.2 70.5 71.8 72 76.5 76.7 77.1 77.6 72.5
13.4 13.5 14 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 15
34.2 34.5 35 35.5 36.2 36.5 36.8 37 37.2
9:10 9:20 9:30 9:40 9:50 10:00 10:10 10:20 10:30 10:40 10:50 11:00 11:10 11:20 11:30 11:40 11:50 12:00 12:10 12:20 12:30 12:40 12:50 13:00 13:10 13:20 13:30 13:40
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²) 232 233 245 256 290 310 297 280 317 361 420 462 490 509 441 520 579 670 678 768 780 772 790 807 836 821 825 854
42.5 42.3 42.2 42.9 41.6 41.5 41.2 39.8 38.5
128 139 175 170 150 192 238 480 488 490 550 567 580 582 590 600 612 615 620 710 715 802 830 862 880 897 931 899
830 801 780 795 726 670 656 640 605
145 151 168 88 123 130 373 460 373 473 483 480 521 893 887 955 892 616 630 725 840 862 905 908 930 931 934 930
70.2 69.6 68.2 68.8 66.7 65.2 63.5 61.6 59.5
275 301 330 332 328 340 375 462 443 483 498 504 522 675 687 745 782 796 810 825 840 862 902 908 917 920 890 830
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²) 302 330 350 431 460 489 492 675 725 802 858 871 820 867 840 950 752 837 785 750 623 687 711 722 755 782 760 775
295 320 330 441 450 458 470 650 686 690 755 822 825 876 891 912 900 924 930 937 920 887 879 890 920 1014 965 958
264 288 312 378 420 425 490 530 575 610 655 642 655 676 794 811 820 824 860 877 890 902 860 862 870 885 905 895
13:50 14:00 14:10 14:20 14:30 14:40 14:50 15:00
785 839 867 829 780 762 620 590
890 851 855 720 705 620 630 632
931 840 789 756 760 610 650 634
801 780 795 726 670 656 640 605
812 792 778 772 760 746 730 640
870 832 781 729 720 655 660 634
886 875 834 790 775 750 720 664
Percobaan Ke
30/6/2018 2/7/208 3/7/2018 6/7/2018
Percobaan Ke
7/7/2018 9/7/2018 10/7/2018 11/7/2018
T in (˚C) 32.111 33.797 33.761 32.594
T out (˚C) 39.228 37.614 37.664 38.039
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²) 580.972 594.306 632.667 645.972
T Absorber (˚C) 62.657 60.478 63.086 59.889
Alumunium
T in (˚C) 33.966
T out (˚C) 41.317
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²) 700.861
T Absorber (˚C) 75.089
Tembaga
32.678 32.519 33.381
41.850 40.994 41.314
746.556 701.917 649.333
76.117 70.703 68.964 Alumunium
Pada Jam Ke (Wib)
9:10 9:20 9:30 9:40 9:50 10:00 10:10 10:20 10:30 10:40 10:50 11:00 11:10 11:20 11:30 11:40 11:50 12:00 12:10 12:20 12:30
T in (˚C) 29.57 29.67 29.72 29.82 29.97 30 30.65 30.87 31 31.6 31.77 31.87 32.02 32.15 32.32 32.57 32.77 33 33.27 33.4 33.5
T out (˚C) 30.75 30.97 31.32 31.32 31.37 31.75 32.62 33.2 33.05 34.22 35.22 35.45 36.1 36.8 37.27 38.4 38.55 38.9 39.57 39.97 40.05
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²) 195 206 229.5 211.5 222.7 243 320.7 420.5 405.2 451.7 487.7 503.2 528.2 664.7 651.2 705 716.2 674.2 684.5 757 793.7
T Absorber (˚C) 38.65 39.47 41.55 41.4 40.97 42.12 46.85 55.32 54.55 56.2 57.9 57.22 59.75 63.67 64.1 67.52 68.37 67.65 68.32 69.05 69.92
Keterangan Berawan Berawan Berawan Berawan Berawan Berawan Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah
12:40 12:50 13:00 13:10 13:20 13:30 13:40 13:50 14:00 14:10 14:20 14:30 14:40 14:50 15:00
33.55 33.82 33.95 34.15 34.37 34.75 34.95 35.17 35.4 35.72 36.05 36.32 36.67 36.85 37.05
40.5 41.65 41.97 42.72 43.1 43.62 44.17 43.37 43.32 43.5 42.65 42.42 41.4 41.05 40.52
824.5 856.7 871.2 890.7 892.2 895 878.2 851.7 827.5 826.5 757.7 728.7 662 635 615.2
70.22 72.65 73.85 74.67 74.97 73.9 72.85 71.32 70.95 70.45 68.2 66.37 62.07 61.47 59.66
Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Tembaga
Pada Jam Ke (Wib)
9:10 9:20 9:30 9:40 9:50 10:00 10:10 10:20 10:30 10:40 10:50 11:00 11:10 11:20 11:30 11:40 11:50 12:00 12:10 12:20 12:30 12:40
T in (˚C) 29.92 30 30.15 30.27 30.45 30.55 30.67 30.8 30.9 30.97 31.17 31.3 31.47 31.62 31.95 32.3 32.62 32.85 33.02 33.27 33.45 33.6
T out (˚C) 31.35 31.6 32.22 33.12 33.8 34.02 34.35 35.27 36.05 36.52 37.97 40.25 41.4 41.95 42.82 43.75 43.65 44.85 45 45.22 44.35 44.4
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²) 276.5 306.7 325.5 397.5 420 443.5 468.5 576.2 617.7 653.5 705.7 727.7 753 774.7 804 845.7 798 852.5 851.2 860.2 815.7 825.7
T Absorber (˚C) 38.6 40.85 42.52 47.25 50.52 53.8 55.87 61 64.27 66.62 70.57 74.4 72.62 77.65 75 81.75 76.4 81.97 81.1 82.85 78.32 81.82
Keterangan Berawan Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah
12:50 13:00 13:10 13:20 13:30 13:40 13:50 14:00 14:10 14:20 14:30 14:40 14:50 15:00
33.75
44.75
823.7
82.4
Cerah
34 34.22 34.5 34.9 35.2 35.45 35.7 36 36.4 36.72 37.07 37.57 37.92
45.12 45.45 46.12 46.6 46.62 46.52 46.2 45.9 45.25 44.87 44.37 44.12 43.4
834 848.7 884 889.7 894.5 862 804.7 794.5 752.7 727.5 697.7 674.2 599.5
85.75 87.5 90.42 90.2 90.3 88.42 85.75 84.5 82.45 79.55 76.85 71.67 66.27
Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah Cerah
Suhu (˚C)
Pipa Alumunium 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
10 9:
30 9:
50 9:
0 :1 10
0 :3 10
0 :5 10
0 :1 11
0 :3 11
0 :5 11
0 :1 12
0 :3 12
0 :5 12
0 :1 13
0 :3 13
0 :5 13
0 :1 14
0 :3 14
0 :5 14
Waktu (Wib)
Suhu (˚C)
T in
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
T out
Pipa Tembaga
10 9:
30 9:
50 9:
0 :1 10
0 :3 10
0 :5 10
0 :1 11
0 :3 11
0 :5 11
0 :1 12
0 :3 12
0 :5 12
0 :1 13
0 :3 13
Waktu (Wib) T in
T out
T absorber
0 :5 13
0 :1 14
0 :3 14
0 :5 14
30 20 10 0
10 9:
30 9:
50 9:
0 :1 10
0 :3 10
0 :5 10
0 :1 11
0 :3 11
0 :5 11
0 :1 12
0 :3 12
0 :5 12
0 :1 13
0 :3 13
Waktu (Wib) T in
T out
T absorber
0 :5 13
0 :1 14
0 :3 14
0 :5 14
In te n s i ta s R a d i a s i (w / m ²)
245 289 310 340 350 402 422 450 485 512 555 576 712 680 691 710 720 825 830 877 830 827 845 862 850 855 929 950
1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Waktu (Wib)
30/06/2018 07/07/2018
02/07/2018 09/07/2018
03/07/2018 10/07/2018
06/07/2018 11/07/2018
880 720 785 720 655 640 587 460
Pada Jam Ke (Wib) 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 10 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 11 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 12 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 13 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 14 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 15
T in (˚C) 30.2 30.2 30.4 30.5 30.7 30.9 31.2 31.3 31.4 31.5 31.9 32.2 32.6 32.8 33.2 33,5 34.3 34.4 34.7 34.8 35.1 35.2 35.2 35.3 35.5 35.9 36 36.1 36.3 36.4 36.5 36.5 36.9 37.3 37.6 37.8
T out (˚C) 32.1 32.4 32.6 33.5 34 34.1 34.2 35.6 36.2 36.7 37.8 42.8 42.5 43.7 44.3 44.8 43.2 45.2 44.8 44.7 41.9 42 43.4 43.7 45 45.3 45.1 45.2 45.8 45.7 45.5 45.3 45.1 44.8 44.6 43.8
Intensitas T Radiasi Absorber (w/m²) (˚C) 302 45.2 330 46.7 350 49.4 431 52.4 460 56.8 489 62.1 492 64.8 675 69.2 725 75.5 802 78.3 858 80.5 871 85.7 820 70.3 867 90 840 71.6 950 91.5 752 68.4 837 82.5 785 76.6 750 75.3 623 60.5 687 72.2 711 74.5 722 82.4 755 89.5 782 91.6 760 88.9 775 89.5 812 92.2 792 90.1 778 88.2 772 87.4 760 83.4 746 76.8 730 74.5 640 68.7
Pada Jam Ke (Wib) 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 10 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 11 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 12 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 13 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 14 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 15
T in (˚C) 30 30.1 30.2 30.2 30.4 30.5 30.5 30.6 30.7 30.7 30.8 30.9 31 31.1 31.2 31.6 31.8 32 32 32.2 32.3 32.4 32.5 32.8 33.2 33.5 34.2 34.5 34.8 35.2 35.7 36.5 36.8 37.1 38 38.4
T out (˚C) 31.6 31.8 32.5 33.6 34.2 34.3 34.5 35.7 36.4 36.8 38.5 42.2 42.5 43.8 44.5 44.8 44.7 45.2 45.5 45.7 45.4 45.2 45.4 45.7 46 47.8 47.3 46.8 46.5 46.2 45.3 44.8 44.7 43.7 43.6 43.4
Intensitas T Radiasi Absorber (w/m²) (˚C) 295 37.8 320 40.5 330 41.4 441 50.5 450 53.4 458 53.8 470 54.9 650 62.5 686 65.4 690 66.2 755 70.8 822 81.2 825 81.3 876 84.2 891 85.4 912 89.5 900 90 924 92.6 930 92.8 937 93.3 920 90.5 887 88.5 879 87.3 890 88.2 920 90.5 1014 98.5 965 95.2 958 93.5 870 87.4 832 84 781 80.5 729 78.4 720 77.5 655 76.2 660 70.8 634 65.7
Pada Jam Ke (Wib) 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 10 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 11 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 12 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 13 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 14 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 15
T in (˚C) 29.5 29.6 29.8 30 30.2 30.3 30.4 30.5 30.5 30.6 30.8 30.9 30.9 31 31.2 31.5 31.6 32 32.2 32.3 32.4 32.6 32.8 33.2 33.4 33.8 34.2 34.6 34.9 35.2 35.4 35.8 36 36.4 36.8 37.4
T out (˚C) 30.6 30.9 31.2 32.5 33.8 33.9 34.6 35.2 35.8 36.4 38.2 37.8 38 38.4 40.2 42.6 43.7 43.9 44.5 44.7 44.9 45.6 45.3 45.4 45.6 45.8 47.2 46.9 46.6 46.4 46 45.5 45.2 44.8 44.5 43.2
Intensitas T Radiasi Absorber (w/m²) (˚C) 264 36.2 288 38.5 312 40.8 378 46.2 420 49.4 425 50.5 490 52.9 530 57.8 575 60.4 610 63.8 655 68.5 642 66.8 655 67.5 676 69.2 794 74.4 811 75.5 820 76 824 76.6 860 78.2 877 79.5 890 80.8 902 85.8 860 84.3 862 84.2 870 84.6 885 86.1 905 88.5 895 87.8 886 86.7 875 85.2 834 84.1 790 81.4 775 78.8 750 77.6 720 72.5 664 68.2
Pada Jam Ke (Wib) 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 10 10.1 10.2
T in (˚C) 30 30.1 30.2 30.4 30.5 30.5 30.6 30.8
T out (˚C) 31.1 31.3 32.6 32.9 33.2 33.8 34.1 34.6
10.3 10.4 10.5 11 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 12 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 13 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 14 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 15
31 31.1 31.2 31.2 31.4 31.6 32.2 32.6 32.8 33 33.2 33.8 34 34.2 34.5 34.7 34.8 34.8 35.2 35.6 35.8 36 36.4 36.8 37.2 37.5 37.9 38.1
35.8 36.2 37.4 38.2 42.6 41.9 42.3 42.8 43 45.1 45.2 45.8 45.2 44.8 44.9 45.7 45.2 45.6 46.8 47.6 47.2 46.5 46.8 45.4 44.5 44.2 43.8 43.2
Intensitas T Radiasi Absorber (w/m²) (˚C) 245 35.2 289 37.7 310 38.5 340 39.9 350 42.5 402 48.8 422 50.9 450 54.5 485 512 555 576 712 680 691 710 720 825 830 877 830 827 845 862 850 855 929 950 880 720 785 720 655 640 587 460
55.8 58.2 62.5 63.9 71.4 67.2 68.6 70.5 71.2 76.2 76.8 83.3 81.5 80.8 83.5 88.2 85.4 85.5 88.2 90.4 87.4 83.7 85.2 82.6 78.5 76.8 68.9 62.5
Tabel 1. Konstanta Laju Pemanasan Air Pada Pipa Alumunium Percobaan Ke 1 2 3 4
ΔT ˚C 7.117 3.817 3.903 5.444
LMTD ˚F 96.050 96.220 96.240 95.470
Uc Btu/hr.ft².°F 11.613 11.607 11.605 11.669
Tabel 2. Konstanta Laju Pemanasan Air Pada Pipa Tembaga Percobaan Ke 1 2 3 4
ΔT ˚C 7.351 9.172 8.475 7.933
LMTD ˚F 99.600 98.840 97.950 99.050
Uc Btu/hr.ft².°F 11.298 11.358 11.440 11.344
Tabel 1. Data Hasil Perhitungan SWH Menggunakan Pipa Alumunium Pada jam Ke Intensitas Radiasi Koefisien Konveksi Q Berguna (Wib) (w/m²˚c) (Btu) (w/m²) 169.9 3.09 9:10 195 175.4 3.41 9:20 206 187.4 4.2 9:30 229.5 184 3.94 9:40 211.5 180.6 3.68 9:50 222.7 193.8 4.6 10:00 243 288 5.2 10:10 320.7 306.8 6.16 10:20 420.5 294.1 5.42 10:30 405.2 324.2 6.95 10:40 451.7 358.9 9.18 10:50 487.7 364.4 9.53 11:00 503.2 383.2 10.88 11:10 528.2 601.7 12.42 11:20 664.7 613.9 13.24 11:30 651.2 645.4 15.64 11:40 705 645.5 15.52 11:50 716.2 651.3 15.86 12:00 674.2 666.1 16.97 12:10 684.5 675.4 17.71 12:20 757 680.2 17.66 12:30 793.7
Q Loss (Btu) 7.1 7.84 9.68 9.08 8.48 10.63 12.08 14.36 12.63 12.04 21.65 22.51 25.78 29.53 31.55 37.48 37.23 38.14 40.95 42.85 42.76
12:40 12:50 13:00 13:10 13:20 13:30 13:40 13:50 14:00 14:10 14:20 14:30 14:40 14:50 15:00
824.5 856.7 871.2 890.7 892.2 895 878.2 851.7 827.5 826.5 757.7 728.7 662 635 615.2
687.9 714.9 721.2 737.4 743.5 750.4 740.8 736.5 730.9 729.8 698.3 684.8 640.1 620.8 590.7
18.76 21.2 21.74 23.27 23.74 24.16 25.16 22.35 21.59 21.23 17.99 16.63 12.88 11.43 9.44
Tabel 2. Data Hasil Perhitungan SWH Menggunakan Pipa Tembaga Pada jam Ke Intensitas Radiasi Koefisien Konveksi Q Berguna (Wib) (w/m²) (w/m²˚c) (Btu) 254 3.76 9:10 276.5 264.4 4.21 9:20 306.7 290.2 5.45 9:30 325.5 325.7 7.52 9:40 397.5 346.5 8.86 9:50 420 351.6 9.18 10:00 443.5 360 9.75 10:10 468.5 387.6 11.87 10:20 576.2 409.5 13.7 10:30 617.7 421.8 14.78 10:40 653.5 662.6 18.17 10:50 705.7 702.3 24.04 11:00 727.7 726.7 26.74 11:10 753 757.2 27.86 11:20 774.7 772.7 29.39 11:30 804 788.9 31.04 11:40 845.7 782.6 29.92 11:50 798 806.1 32.65 12:00 852.5 807.3 32.61 12:10 851.2 809 32.56 12:20 860.2 800.2 29.66 12:30 815.7 786.5 29.4 12:40 825.7 792.5 29.97 12:50 823.7
45.51 51.71 53.1 57.07 59.34 59.6 62.23 55.15 53.32 52.53 44.43 41.07 31.72 28.13 23.2
Q Loss (Btu) 8.66 9.71 12.63 17.49 20.67 21.45 22.82 27.89 32.31 34.93 43.23 57.74 64.58 67.46 71.5 75.9 73.21 80.33 80.35 80.37 73.01 72.42 73.98
13:00 13:10 13:20 13:30 13:40 13:50 14:00 14:10 14:20 14:30 14:40 14:50 15:00
834 848.7 884 889.7 894.5 862 804.7 794.5 752.7 727.5 697.7 674.2 599.5
797.5 802 813.2 818.6 815.1 809.5 798.5 765.8 549.9 534.9 515.2 498 468.4
30.34 30.68 31.8 32.08 31.33 30.38 28.81 27.17 24.27 22.35 20.01 17.97 15.02
75.06 76.05 79.13 80.09 78.32 75.98 72.04 67.92 60.62 55.8 49.94 44.87 37.46
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²) 195 206 229.5 211.5 222.7 243 320.7 420.5 405.2 451.7 487.7 503.2 528.2 664.7 651.2 705 716.2 674.2 684.5 757 793.7 824.5 856.7 871.2 890.7 892.2 895
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²) 276.5 306.7 325.5 397.5 420 443.5 468.5 576.2 617.7 653.5 705.7 727.7 753 774.7 804 845.7 798 852.5 851.2 860.2 815.7 825.7 823.7 834 848.7 884 889.7
Ir Rata-rata 235.75 256.35 277.5 304.5 321.35 343.25 394.6 498.35 511.45 552.6 596.7 615.45 640.6 719.7 727.6 775.35 757.1 763.35 767.85 808.6 804.7 825.1 840.2 852.6 869.7 888.1 892.35
Koefisien Konveksi (w/m²˚c) 169.9 175.4 187.4 184 180.6 193.8 288 306.8 294.1 324.2 358.9 364.4 383.2 601.7 613.9 645.4 645.5 651.3 666.1 675.4 680.2 687.9 714.9 721.2 737.4 743.5 750.4
878.2 851.7 827.5 826.5 757.7 728.7 662 635 615.2
894.5 862 804.7 794.5 752.7 727.5 697.7 674.2 599.5
886.35 856.85 816.1 810.5 755.2 728.1 679.85 654.6 607.35
740.8 736.5 730.9 729.8 698.3 684.8 640.1 620.8 590.7
alumunium Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²) 195 206 229.5 211.5 222.7 243 320.7 420.5 405.2 451.7 487.7 503.2 528.2 664.7 651.2 705 716.2 674.2 684.5 757 793.7 824.5 856.7 871.2 890.7 892.2 895 878.2 851.7 827.5 826.5
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²) 276.5 306.7 325.5 397.5 420 443.5 468.5 576.2 617.7 653.5 705.7 727.7 753 774.7 804 845.7 798 852.5 851.2 860.2 815.7 825.7 823.7 834 848.7 884 889.7 894.5 862 804.7 794.5
Ir Rata-rata 235.75 256.35 277.5 304.5 321.35 343.25 394.6 498.35 511.45 552.6 596.7 615.45 640.6 719.7 727.6 775.35 757.1 763.35 767.85 808.6 804.7 825.1 840.2 852.6 869.7 888.1 892.35 886.35 856.85 816.1 810.5
tembaga
Q Berguna
Q Loss
Q Berguna
(Btu) 3.09 3.41 4.2 3.94 3.68 4.6 5.2 6.16 5.42 6.95 9.18 9.53 10.88 12.42 13.24 15.64 15.52 15.86 16.97 17.71 17.66 18.76 21.2 21.74 23.27 23.74 24.16 25.16 22.35 21.59 21.23
(Btu) 7.1 7.84 9.68 9.08 8.48 10.63 12.08 14.36 12.63 12.04 21.65 22.51 25.78 29.53 31.55 37.48 37.23 38.14 40.95 42.85 42.76 45.51 51.71 53.1 57.07 59.34 59.6 62.23 55.15 53.32 52.53
(Btu) 3.76 4.21 5.45 7.52 8.86 9.18 9.75 11.87 13.7 14.78 18.17 24.04 26.74 27.86 29.39 31.04 29.92 32.65 32.61 32.56 29.66 29.4 29.97 30.34 30.68 31.8 32.08 31.33 30.38 28.81 27.17
757.7 728.7 662 635 615.2
752.7 727.5 697.7 674.2 599.5
755.2 728.1 679.85 654.6 607.35
17.99 16.63 12.88 11.43 9.44
44.43 41.07 31.72 28.13 23.2
24.27 22.35 20.01 17.97 15.02
Tembaga
30.24 30.21 30.15 30.06 29.99 29.97 29.93 29.84 29.77 29.72 29.59 29.39 29.28 29.23 29.13 29.03 29.01 28.89 28.87 28.83 28.89
ΔT (˚C) 1.18 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.75 1.97 2.33 2.05 2.62 3.45 3.58 4.08 4.65 4.95 5.83 5.78 5.9 6.3 6.57 6.55
LMTD ˚F 86.28 86.57 86.93 87.02 87.2 87.57 88.93 89.65 89.63 91.22 92.26 92.55 92.33 93.99 94.56 95.78 96.09 96.61 97.45 97.91 98.08
Ko ef sie n Ko nve ks i (w / m ²˚c)
Al Efisiensi (%) 30.32 30.3 30.26 30.25 30.24 30.2 30.07 30.01 30.01 29.86 29.77 29.74 29.67 29.6 29.55 29.44 29.41 29.36 29.29 29.25 29.23
800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m
29.19 29.08 29.04 28.97 28.92 28.85 28.79 28.83 28.82 28.78 28.82 28.82 28.87 28.89 28.91
Efisiensi (%) 30.24 30.21 30.15 30.06 29.99 29.97 29.93 29.84 29.77 29.72 29.59 29.39 29.28 29.23 29.13 29.03 29.01 28.89 28.87 28.83 28.89 28.87 28.83
28.87 28.83 28.79 28.74 28.67 28.6 28.57 28.56 28.57 28.57 28.59 28.6 28.61 28.59 28.62
6.95 7.83 8.02 8.57 8.73 8.87 9.22 8.2 7.92 7.78 6.6 6.1 4.73 4.2 3.47
98.51 99.76 100.15 100.99 101.52 102.33 102.99 102.51 102.68 103.14 102.72 102.77 102.2 102.06 101.78
ΔT ˚C 1.43 1.6 2.07 2.85 3.35 3.47 3.68 4.47 5.15 5.55 6.8 8.95 9.93 10.33 10.87 11.45 11.03 12 11.98 11.95 10.9 10.8 11
LMTD ˚F 87.14 87.43 88.12 88.14 89.79 90.08 90.48 91.4 92.18 96.25 94.09 96.17 97.31 97.92 98.97 100.09 100.32 101.55 101.84 102.26 102.55 101.89 102.33
11.12 11.23 11.62 11.7 11.42 11.07 10.5 9.9 8.85 8.15 7.3 6.55 5.48
Koefisien Konveksi (w/m²˚c) 254 264.4 290.2 325.7 346.5 351.6 360 387.6 409.5 421.8 662.6 702.3 726.7 757.2 772.7 788.9 782.6 806.1 807.3 809 800.2 786.5 792.5 797.5 802 813.2 818.6
K o ef s ie n K o n v e ks i (w / m ² ˚ c )
28.79 28.74 28.67 28.6 28.57 28.56 28.57 28.57 28.59 28.6 28.61 28.59 28.62
1000 800 600 400 200
102.88 103.37 104.21 105 105.3 105.46 105.43 105.46 105.28 105.26 105.16 105.41 105.11
K o ef s ie n K 1000
815.1 809.5 798.5 765.8 549.9 534.9 515.2 498 468.4
800 600 400 200 0
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²) Al umuni um
Tembaga
tembaga
(Btu) 8.66 9.71 12.63 17.49 20.67 21.45 22.82 27.89 32.31 34.93 43.23 57.74 64.58 67.46 71.5 75.9 73.21 80.33 80.35 80.37 73.01 72.42 73.98 75.06 76.05 79.13 80.09 78.32 75.98 72.04 67.92
Q Be rgu n a d an Q L o ss (Bt u )
Q Loss
90 80 70
Q Loss Tembaga
60
Q Loss Alumunium
50 40
Q Berguna Tembaga
30
Q Berguna Alumunium
20 10 0
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²)
60.62 55.8 49.94 44.87 37.46
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²)
U c (B tu /h r.ft².°F )
In te n s i ta s R a d i a s i (w / m ²)
Pip 13
1200
12.5
1000
12
800
11.5
600
11
400
10.5
200
10
0
Int
Waktu (Wib)
02/07/2018 09/07/2018
03/07/2018 10/07/2018
06/07/2018 11/07/2018
Pipa Alumunium
80 70 60
U c (B tu/h r.ft².°F )
Suhu (˚C)
30/06/2018 07/07/2018
50
P 13 12.5 12
40
11.5
30
11
20
10.5
10
10
0
9.5
10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 9: 9: 9: 9: 9: 10: 10: 10: 10: 10: 10: 11: 11: 11: 11: 11: 11: 12: 12: 12: 12: 12: 12: 13: 13: 13: 13: 13: 13: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 15:
Waktu (Wib) T out
Suhu (˚C)
Pipa Tembaga 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 9: 9: 9: 9: 9: 10: 10: 10: 10: 10: 10: 11: 11: 11: 11: 11: 11: 12: 12: 12: 12: 12: 12: 13: 13: 13: 13: 13: 13: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 15:
T out
Pip 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 19
5
5 7 7 2 1. 20. 51. 2 8. 1 2 3 4 5
Intensita
Waktu (Wib) T in
Inte
T Absorber
Panas (Btu)
T in
T absorber
10 0
0 19
10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 10 20 30 40 50 00 9: 9: 9: 9: 9: 10: 10: 10: 10: 10: 10: 11: 11: 11: 11: 11: 11: 12: 12: 12: 12: 12: 12: 13: 13: 13: 13: 13: 13: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 15:
5
T absorber
100 80 60 40 20
Panas (Btu)
LMTD ˚F
T out
Aliran Batch
120
5 7 7 2 1. 20. 51. 2 8. 3 4 5
Intensita
Waktu (Wib) T in
21
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
0
44 89 33 78 22 67 11 56 75 44 89 33 78 22 67 11 56 0.5 444 889 333 778 222 667 111 556 625 444 889 333 778 222 667 111 556 625 44 88 33 77 22 66 11 55 .43 44 88 33 77 22 66 11 55 4 8 3 7 2 6 1 5 .5 4 8 3 7 2 6 1 5 0. 44 888 833 777 722 666 611 555 0 444 388 333 277 222 166 111 055 44 88 33 77 22 66 11 55 0 444 388 333 277 222 166 111 055 9 1 88 95 02 09 16 23 30 4 51 58 65 72 79 86 93 69 138 208 277 347 416 486 555 9 6 3 0 7 4 1 8 8 4 0 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 56 57 58 59 59 60 61 61 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
Intens
Waktu (Wib)
30
Tembaga
30.5
Aliran Batch ŋ (%)
Uc (Btu/hr.f ².°F)
Alumunium
25
30 29.5
20
29
15
28.5
10
28
5
27.5
0 Waktu (Wib) Alumunium
Tembaga
Efs
U c (B tu /h r.ft².°F )
Pipa Alumunium 13 12.5 12 11.5
Uc
11 10.5 10
U c (B tu/h r.ft².°F )
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²)
Pipa Tembaga 13 12.5 12 11.5 11 10.5 10 9.5
Panas (Btu)
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²)
Pipa Alumunium 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 19
Q Berguna Q Loss 5
5 7 7 2 5 5 7 2 5 5 2 1 . 2 0 . 5 1 . 2 8 . 7 0 8 4 . 2 4 . 9 0 . 7 8 . 2 6 . 66 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 8 8 8
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²)
0 19
5
21
5 7 7 2 5 5 7 2 5 5 2 1 . 2 0 . 5 1 . 2 8 . 7 0 8 4 . 2 4 . 9 0 . 7 8 . 2 6 . 66 3 4 5 6 8 8 8 8
Panas (Btu)
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²)
Pipa Tembaga 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Q Berguna Q Loss
Intensitas Radiasi (w/m²)
ŋ (%)
30.5
Efsiensi (ŋ) Vs Waktu
30 29.5 29 28.5 28 27.5
Waktu (Wib) Alumunium
Tembaga
2. Perhitungan Aktual Pada Alat Solar Water Heater a. Menghitung Bilangan Rayleigh (Ra) Fluid inner, pada diameter 0.5 inch D = 1.27 cm = 0.0127 m sifat-sifat udara di evaluasi pada suhu film : 36.85 ˚C 41.05 ˚C + 2 = 36.85 ˚C + 41.05 ˚C 2 = 38.95 ˚C Dari lampiran table A-9 JP. Holman P.589 pada
38.95 ˚C dilakukan interpolasi
dimana : ˚C
k
26.67 43.33
0.614 0.637
1.91 x 4.19 x
Interpolasi :
Nilai k
= = 0.631 w/m²˚c
Nilai
= = 3.59 x
l/mᶟ˚c
Ra = Gr. Pr Gr. Pr = = (3.59 x l/mᶟ˚c) x (41.05.-36.85)˚c x (0.0127 m)ᵌ = 308904.76
= 3.08 x 10⁵
b. Menghitung Bilangan Nusselt Dengan menggunakan daftar 7-1 pada JP. Holman P.304, didapatkan nilai C = 0.53 dan m = 1/4 sehingga : Nu = 0.53 (Gr.Pr) = 0.53 (3.08 x 10⁵) = 12.49 c. Koefisien Perpindahan Panas Konveksi (h) h = nu. k d = 12.49 x 0.631 w/m˚c 0.0127 m = 620.8 w/m²˚c
11. Design Overall Coefficient (Ud) Rd = 0.002 1 = 1 + Ud Uc = 1 #NAME? Ud =
#NAME?
Rd +
0.002
LMTD Koefisien Konveksi (h) #DIV/0! 620.8 w/m²˚c Q Berguna 0.00 Btu Eff.
˚K 38.95˚C, 300 350 interpolasi = 38.95 ˚K
Q Loss 39.568 Btu 0.00 %
k 0.02624 0.03003 0.00645
v 15.69 20.76 -10.78
pr 0.708 0.697 0.765
y = y1+(x-x1)/x2-x1)*(y2-y1) oC 26.67 32.22 37.78 43.33 48.89
Interpolasi = 38.95˚C,
Nilai k =
0.614 0.623 0.63 0.637
l/mᵌ.oC 1.91 2.48x 3.3x 4.19
y = y1+(x-x1)/x2-x1)*(y2-y1) 0.6310 3.59 x 0.6307
###
3.59 x
l/mᶟ˚c
p = 1/Tf
0.02567394
i C = 0.53 dan
JH
#NAME?
10 20 30 40 50 100 1000 2000 2500 5000 2189 2558 4132
1.5 1.8 Interpolasi y = y1+(x-x1)/x2-x1)*(y2-y1) 2 2.25 2.5 3 6 8 10 22.5 8.76 10.29 18.16
k Water 32 ˚F 0.33 86 ˚F 0.356 140 ˚F 0.381 176 ˚F 0.398 Interpolasi y = y1+(x-x1)/x2-x1)*(y2-y1) 96.71 °F
###
Pada diameter pipa 0.5 inch ID = 0.546 inch OD = 0.84 inch ID =
###
1 ft 30.48 cm
=
0.046 ft
OD = 2.1336 cm x
1 ft 30.48 cm
=
0.07 ft
b. Heat Balance pada kolektor termal (radiasi) Diketahui : σ = Konstanta Stefan Boltzman = 0.1714 x 10ˉBtu/hr.ft²R⁴ ԑ = Emisivitas benda hitam = 1 A = Luas permukaan kolektor = 1 m x 0.4 m = 0.4 m² = 4.31 ft² t1 = 36.85 ˚C 558 t2 = 41.05 ˚C 565.56
Keterangan: σ= T= ԑ=
38.95
Q = σ ԑ А Т⁴ = 0.1714 x 10ˉBtu/hr.ft²R⁴x 1 x 4.3056 ft² x (561.69⁴ - 551.07⁴) ˚R = 39.57 Btu/hr c. Heat balance untuk memanaskan fluida (Q Berguna) Q = m x cp x dT Diketahui : Diameter pipa = 0.5 inch, jari-jari (r) = 0.25 inch x 2.54 cm = 0.635 cm Panjang pipa (L) = 5 meter x 100 cm = 500 cm Volume Pipa (V) = π x r² x L = 3.14 x 0.635² x 500 cm = 633.06 cmᶟ = 633.06 ml/1000 = 0.633 liter Massa Fluida
=ρ x v = 0.997 gr/cmᶟ x 633.06 cmᵌ = 631.16 gr x 2.205 x 10⁻³ lb 1 gr = 1.392 lb
Perhitungan Lap Prak. S 67.74 ˚F 107.51 ˚F Interpolasi 38.95 ˚F
Dari temperatur t.av, dengan melihat grafik 2 didapat spesifik heat (cp) : cp = 0.93 Btu/lb.F ket: cp (Fig.2 Kern p.804) x (0.0 - 0.0) F Q= 1.392 lb x 0.93 Btu/lb.F Q = 0.00 Btu d. Menghitung LMTD t1 = t2 = ΔT = LMTD =
0 ˚F 0 ˚F _ 0 ˚F
to - ti ln to/ti
LMTD = ln LMTD =
(0.0 - 0.0) ˚F 0 ˚F 0 ˚F 0 ˚F ln #DIV/0!
LMTD = #DIV/0!
g. Kerugian Energi (Q Loss) Q Loss= Panas diterima oleh kolektor - Panas dipakai untuk memanaskan air = (39.57 0.00) Btu = 39.568 Btu h. Efisiensi (ŋ) ŋ = =
Q Berguna Q diterima kolektor 0.00 Btu 39.57 Btu
x 100 x 100
=
0.00 %
Keterangan: Konstanta Stefan Boltzman Temperatur Absolut, K Emisivitas benda hitam = 1
t av
Perhitungan Lap Prak. SO 1 1.1 y = y1+(x-x1)/x2-x1)*(y2-y1) 0.93
5.669 x 10ˉw/m²k⁴
Perhitungan Lap Prak. SO 67.74 ˚F 1.05 107.51 ˚F 0.65 Interpolasi y = y1+(x-x1)/x2-x1)*(y2-y1)
96.71 ˚F
0.76
atau
0.57
Related Documents
Perhitungan Acc Finish.xlsx
December 2019 18
Acc Perhitungan Kadar Air
October 2019 32
Acc
May 2020 27
Perhitungan
October 2019 55
Acc
October 2019 32
Perhitungan
April 2020 44More Documents from ""
Ta Bab 3.docx
December 2019 22
Perhitungan Acc Finish.xlsx
December 2019 18
Harga Alat Dan Bahan.docx
December 2019 30
Animal Names Snake
May 2020 17
Animal Names Skunk
May 2020 22