Pengantar Sim

SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN (MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM)

Raymond McLeod,Jr

1 [email protected]

SISTEM

Sekelompok Elemen yang terintegrasi dengan maksud yang sama untuk mencapai suatu tujuan

INFORMASI

Data yang telah diolah / memiliki arti

MAnajemen

Kumpulan aktivitas (Planning, Organazing, Commanding, Coordinating dan Controlling)>Henry FAyol 2

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TUGAS MANAJER

Manajer

Manusia

Informasi/Data

Mesin (Energi & Fasilitas)

Uang MAterial

SD. FISIK

SD. KONSEPTUAL 3

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MANAJEMEN SUMBER DAYA

Uang

Manusia

Informasi/Data Mesin (Energi & Fasilitas)

MANAJEMEN SUMBER DAYA

MAterial

MANAJEMEN INFORMASI

Memperoleh,Menyusun,memaksimalkan,Mengganti 4 [email protected]

FAKTOR M'PENGARUHI PERHATIAN PADA MANAJEMEN INFORMASI 1. Kompleksitas Kegiatan Bisnis • Pengaruh ekonomi Internasional • Persaingan Dunia • Kompleksitas Teknologi Meningkat • Batas Waktu Singkat • Kendala Sosial 2. KEmampuan Komputer • Ukuran • Kecepatan 5 [email protected]

PENGGUNA MANAJEMEN INFORMASI

• Manajer • Non Manajer • Orang dan organisasi dalam perusahaan

6 [email protected]

MANAGER DAPAT DITEMUKAN PADA SETIAP LEVEL DAN AREa FUNGSIONAL PERUSAHAAN Strategic planning level Management Control Level Operational Control Level Finance Function

Human Resources Function

Information Services Function

Manufacturing Function

Marketing Function 7

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PENGARUH LEVEL MANAJEMEN PADA SUMBER DAN BENTUK INFORMASI Strategic planning level

Environmental

Management control level

Internal

Operational control level Strategic planning level Management control level Operational control level

Summary Detail 8

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FUNGSI MANAJEMEN HENRY FAYOL Strategic

Management

Operational

Planning Level

Control Level

Control Level

Plan Direct Staff

Control

Plan Control

Organize

Direct

Organize

Control

Staff

Direct

Organize

Staff Plan

9 [email protected]

FUNGSI MANAJEMEN MINTZBERG  Interpersonal roles – Figurehead – Leader – Liaison



Decisional roles – Entrepreneur – Disturbance handler – Resource allocator – Negotiator

• Informational roles – Monitor – Disseminator – Spoke sperson 10 [email protected]

KEAHLIAN MANAJEMEN KOMUNIKASI Komunikasi dgn bawahan,atasan,sesama manager dan orang luar

PEMECAHAN MASALAH Dengan membuat perubahan pada operasional prsh -> tercapai tujuan

11 [email protected]

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Problem Solving

Business Meals

Tours

Voice Mail

Written Media

Telephone

Internal Sources

Unscheduled Meetings

Scheduled Meetings

Periodicals

Electronic mail

Letters & Memos

Noncomputer reports

Computer Reports

BENTUK & SUMBER INFORMASI PEMECAHAN MASALAH External Sources

Oral Media

12

PENGETAHUAN MANAJEMEN

COMPUTER LITERACY Pengetahuan mengenai komputer (istilah,keunggulan & kelemahan, menggunakan dll)

INFORMATION LITERACY Pengetahuan mengenai informasi (bagaimana menggunakan, memperoleh, membagi)

13 [email protected]

KOMPONEN SISTEM Bagian2 Sistem yg dpt Mengendalikan Operasinya Sendiri Objectives

Control mechanism

Input

Transformation

Output 14

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Open-Loop System

Input

Transformation

Output

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OPEN VS CLOSED SYSTEMS • Open system – Terhubung dengan lingkungannya melalui arus sumber (input) Cth : Sistem pemanas mendpt input dari PLN

• Closed system – Tidak terhubung dengan lingkungannya Cth : sistem di lab. nuklir

16 [email protected]

SISTEM DAPAT BERUPA SUBSISTEM / ELEMEN System Subsystem A

Subsystem B

Subsystem A-1

Subsystem B-1

Subsystem A-2

Subsystem B-2

Subsystem A-3

Elemental part B1

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Elemental part C

17

PHYSICAL and CONCEPTUAL SYSTEMS • Physical system – The business firm – Composed of physical resources

• Conceptual system – Represents a physical system – Uses conceptual resources • Information • Data 18 [email protected]

A SYSTEMS VIEW • Business operations are embedded within a larger environmental setting – Mencegah manajer tersesat dalam kerumitan struktur organisasi dan rincian pekerjaan (Reduces complexity) – Menyadari perlunya memiliki tujuan-tujuan yang baik (Requires good objectives) – Menekankan pentingnya kerjasama dari semua bagian dalam organisasi (Emphasizes working together) – Mengakui keterkaitan organisasi dengan lingkungannya (Acknowledges interconnections) – Memberi penilaian yg tinggi pada informasi umpan19 [email protected] balik (Values feedback)

DATA and INFORMATION • Information processor – – – –

Key element in the conceptual system Computer Noncomputer Combination

• Data is the raw material transformed into information

20 [email protected]

EVOLUTION of THE CBIS • Data Processing (DP) • Management Information Systems (MIS) 1964 – IBM promoted the concept as a means of selling disk files and terminals • Decision Support Systems (DSS) 1971 – Text book’s distinction: • MIS: Organizational/group - general • DSS: Individual - specific • Office Automation (OA) 1964 • Artificial Intelligence (AI)/ Expert Systems (ES) 1990s – Heavy investment by businesses

21 [email protected]

THE CBIS MODEL Computer-based Information System (CBIS) Accounting Information System

Problem

Decisions

Information

Management Information System

Decision Support Systems Problem Solution

The Virtual Office Knowledge-based Systems

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22

DATABASE

Kumpulan data komputer yang terintegrasi, diatur dan disimpan menurut suatu cara yang memudahkan pengambilan kembali

23 [email protected]

TRADITIONAL COMMUNICATION CHAIN Database Administrator

User

Systems Analyst

Programmer

Operator

Computer

Network Specialist

24 [email protected]

END-USER COMPUTING (EUC)

• Pengembangan seluruh atau sebagian sistem berbasis komputer oleh para pemakai.

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END-USER COMPUTING (EUC) • End-user computing – Development of all or part of applications – Information specialists act as consultants

• Stimulants to EUC – Meningkatnya pengetahuan tentang komputer (Increased computer literacy) – Antrian jasa informasi (IS backlog) – Perangkat keras yg murah - Low-cost hardware (the PC) – Perangkat lunak jadi - Prewritten software (electronic spreadsheets)

26

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IS and EUC The End-User Computing Communication Chain Information Specialists

Support

Communication

User

Computer 27

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Justifying the CBIS • Justify in the same manner as any other large investment • Economic – Cost reduction – Reduced inventory investment – Increased productivity (CAD/CAM) • Noneconomic – Perceived value 28 [email protected]

Achieving the CBIS

29 [email protected]

Reengineering the CBIS • Business Process Reengineering (BPR) – Reworking systems – Good system features retained – Becoming development methodology of choice

30 [email protected]

Roles Played by the Manager and by the Information Specialist Phase

Planning

Manager

Define problem

Analysis

Control

Design

Control

Information Specialist

Support System Study Design system

Implementation

Control

Implement system

Use

Control

Make available 31

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Summary • Information is one of five main resources • Computer output used by managers and nonmanagers • A system is an integration of elements working toward an objective – Physical – Conceptual • Data vs. Information 32 [email protected]

Summary [cont.] • CBIS composed of various components – – – – –

AIS MIS DSS Virtual office Knowledge-based systems

• End-user computing trends • CBIS development 33 [email protected]