Pearl Harbor

December 7th, 1941: A Day that Will Live in Infamy The Plan

What is the strategic importance of Pearl Harbor? Why do the Japanese feel the need to attack it? 1. 2. 3.

Opana Point Radar Site:

American Readiness

Storage of Munitions and Planes:

While watching the film, answer the following questions. 1. At what time did the attack start?

2. What seems to be the target of emphasis for the Japanese? Why?

3. At what time did the Japanese ambassadors deliver the declaration of war to Cordell Hull? How does that help explain his reaction?

4. What does Yamamoto mean by “we have awakened a sleeping giant?” Is the attack a military and tactical success?

Franklin Delano Roosevelt Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation delivered on December 8, 1941

Mr. Vice President, Mr. Speaker, Members of the Senate, and of the House of Representatives: Yesterday, December 7th, 1941 -- a date which will live in infamy -- the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. The United States was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with its government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific. Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in the American island of Oahu, the Japanese ambassador to the United States and his colleague delivered to our Secretary of State a formal reply to a recent American message. And while this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or of armed attack. It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. During the intervening time, the Japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace. The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces. I regret to tell you that very many American lives have been lost. In addition, American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and Honolulu. Yesterday, the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya. Last night, Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong.

Last night, Japanese forces attacked Guam. Last night, Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands. Last night, the Japanese attacked Wake Island. And this morning, the Japanese attacked Midway Island. Japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area. The facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves. The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation.

As commander in chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense. But always will our whole nation remember the character of the onslaught against us. No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory. I believe that I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will make it very certain that this form of treachery shall never again endanger us. Hostilities exist. There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory, and our interests are in grave danger. With confidence in our armed forces, with the unbounding determination of our people, we will gain the inevitable triumph -- so help us God. I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7th, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire.

Isolation No More? In a previous lesson we discussed America's isolationist origins; from the statements of former Presidents to treaties signed by our leaders, America has overwhelming favored withdrawing herself from confrontations around the world for much of her existence. The first woman ever elected to Congress, Jeanette Rankin, had already gained infamy for voting against American involvement in World War I. She was reelected to Congress many years later (running on a ticket of neutrality), and once again faced the decision of whether to vote for or against FDR's declaration of war against Japan. Uttering the words, "As a woman I can't go to war, and I refuse to send anyone else", Congresswoman Rankin became the only person to vote against war. American neutrality was at an end. In a short editorial, defend or refute Jeanette Rankin's actions. Your answer should include the following: • Is she a patriot, standing up for what she believes, even at the risk of ridicule? Or is she selfish, ignoring the grave threats that face America? Give reasons one way or the other. • Does being “patriotic” mean that you always support your country no matter what? Is it ever patriotic to dissent? • Is war a part of the human existence, or is it something that can be eliminated? This editorial is worth 10 points, and will be due _______________.