PDMS DESIGN Reference Manual Part 2: Creating the Model Version 11.3
pdms1131/man30/doc2 Issue 181200
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Contents 1 1.1 1.2 1.3
Introduction ...................................................................................................1-1 About the DESIGN Reference Manual............................................................. 1-1 Organisation of the DESIGN Reference Manual ............................................. 1-1 Organisation of this Manual ............................................................................. 1-2
2
Equipment and Primitives ............................................................................2-1
2.1
2.8
The Primitive Modelling Attributes ................................................................. 2-1 2.1.1 Sizing Primitive Building Blocks .................................................................. 2-2 2.1.2 Choosing Nozzle Size, Rating and Height .................................................... 2-3 2.1.3 Modelling Detail Levels................................................................................. 2-3 2.1.4 Obstruction Settings ..................................................................................... 2-4 Positioning at a Known Point ........................................................................... 2-6 2.2.1 Positioning at a Coordinate........................................................................... 2-6 2.2.2 Polar Positioning from the Origin................................................................. 2-8 2.2.3 General Polar Positioning from the Origin................................................... 2-9 Orientation and Connection............................................................................ 2-10 2.3.1 Design Element Orientation ....................................................................... 2-11 2.3.2 Design Element Reorientation.................................................................... 2-12 2.3.3 Primitive Element Connection.................................................................... 2-14 Moving by a Known Distance ......................................................................... 2-16 2.4.1 Moving Along Axes ...................................................................................... 2-16 2.4.2 Moving in any Direction.............................................................................. 2-17 2.4.3 Moving in any Direction: Distance Given in Different Plane .................... 2-19 Moving Through Defined Intersection Planes................................................ 2-19 2.5.1 Moving Through an Intersection ................................................................ 2-20 2.5.2 Moving Either Side of an Intersection........................................................ 2-22 2.5.3 General Moving to an Intersection ............................................................. 2-24 Moving In Front of or Behind Items ............................................................... 2-27 2.6.1 Moving Either Side of a Fixed Object ......................................................... 2-27 2.6.2 Moving On Top of or Under a Fixed Object ................................................ 2-30 2.6.3 Moving an Item Using Reference Points .................................................... 2-33 Moving to a Specified Clearance between Items ............................................ 2-35 2.7.1 Moving to a Clearance Either Side ............................................................. 2-35 2.7.2 Moving an Object to Clear Another Object................................................. 2-38 2.7.3 Moving to a Vertical Clearance................................................................... 2-40 2.7.4 General Moving to a Clearance................................................................... 2-43 Reflecting a Position in a Plane (Mirroring)................................................... 2-44
3
Piping, Ducting and Cable Trays .................................................................3-1
3.1 3.2 3.3
Defining a Branch ............................................................................................. 3-1 Branch and Hanger Specifications ................................................................... 3-2 Connecting the Head or Tail ............................................................................. 3-3 3.3.1 The Head or Tail Connection Reference Attribute....................................... 3-5
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
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3.3.2 Positioning Head or Tail in Free Space ........................................................ 3-6 3.3.3 Head or Tail Positioning Using End Components........................................ 3-7 3.3.4 Head and Tail Positioning by Bottom or Top of Pipe ................................... 3-9 3.3.5 Moving the Head or Tail ............................................................................. 3-11 3.3.6 Reconnecting Pipes after an Equipment Move........................................... 3-13 3.4 Selecting Component and Tube Details from Specifications ......................... 3-13 3.4.1 Choosing Components from a Displayed List............................................. 3-14 3.4.2 Selecting Components from Specifications................................................. 3-19 3.4.3 Selecting the Default Specification Component ......................................... 3-20 3.4.4 Selecting from Several Alternatives ........................................................... 3-20 3.4.5 Selecting ‘Out-of-Specification’ Components .............................................. 3-22 3.4.6 Selecting Components and Tube Separately .............................................. 3-23 3.4.7 Direct Selection by Shortcode ..................................................................... 3-24 3.5 Re-selection of Existing Components and Tube ............................................. 3-26 3.5.1 Re-selecting the New Default Component.................................................. 3-26 3.5.2 General Reselection of Components and Tube ........................................... 3-27 3.6 Standard Component Attributes .................................................................... 3-28 3.6.1 Position and Orientation Attributes ........................................................... 3-30 3.6.2 Component Arrive and Leave Attributes.................................................... 3-31 3.6.3 Swapping the Arrive and Leave P-points ................................................... 3-31 3.6.4 The Component Specification Reference Attribute .................................... 3-33 3.6.5 Variable Length Tube (and Rod) Attributes............................................... 3-33 3.6.6 Insulation Specification Attribute .............................................................. 3-35 3.6.7 Trace Heating Specification Attribute........................................................ 3-35 3.6.8 The Fabrication Flags ................................................................................. 3-36 3.6.9 Position and Orientation Status Flags ....................................................... 3-37 3.6.10Variable Component Attributes .................................................................. 3-38 3.6.11Offline/Straight-Through Component Attribute ........................................ 3-39 3.6.12Multi-Way Component Attributes .............................................................. 3-39 3.7 Orientation and Connection of Components .................................................. 3-40 3.7.1 Component Orientation............................................................................... 3-41 3.7.2 Direction-Changing Components ................................................................ 3-43 3.7.3 Component Connection ............................................................................... 3-45 3.7.4 Forced Component Connection ................................................................... 3-46 3.8 Moving by a Known Distance ......................................................................... 3-47 3.8.1 Moving Components .................................................................................... 3-47 3.8.2 General Moving of Components .................................................................. 3-48 3.9 Positioning Components using Reference Planes .......................................... 3-49 3.9.1 Positioning with respect to the Previous Component ................................ 3-49 3.9.2 Positioning the Component through an Intersection ................................. 3-51 3.9.3 Positioning with respect to an Intersection................................................ 3-53 3.9.4 General Positioning through an Intersection ............................................. 3-57 3.10 Positioning Components ‘Point-to-Surface’ .................................................... 3-58 3.10.1Positioning Components either side of an Object....................................... 3-59 3.10.2Positioning Components On Top of or Under an Object ............................ 3-62 3.10.3General Component Positioning Using Planes........................................... 3-64 3.11 Component Clearance Positioning.................................................................. 3-66 3.11.1Clearance from the Previous Component ................................................... 3-66 3.11.2Component Clearance Either Side.............................................................. 3-68 3.11.3Component Clearance Vertically ................................................................ 3-70 Contents-ii
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3.11.4Tube (Bottom of Pipe) Clearance ................................................................ 3-72 3.11.5General Clearance of Components and Tube ............................................. 3-74 3.12 Dragging Equipment and Piping Networks ................................................... 3-77 3.12.1Dragging Equipment and Nozzles .............................................................. 3-78 3.12.2Dragging Piping........................................................................................... 3-82
4
Automatic Pipe Routing................................................................................4-1
4.1
Accessing the Automatic Pipe Routing Facilities............................................. 4-1 4.1.1 Entering and Leaving Autoroute Mode ........................................................ 4-1 Pipe Routing ...................................................................................................... 4-2 4.2.1 Routing Pipes along Preferred Axes ............................................................. 4-2 4.2.2 Setting Routing Planes.................................................................................. 4-3 4.2.3 Setting Penalty Volumes............................................................................... 4-3 4.2.4 Invoking the Automatic Routing Process ..................................................... 4-4 4.2.5 Setting the Nozzle Offset Factor................................................................... 4-5 Refining the Automatic Pipe Routes................................................................. 4-5 4.3.1 Defining the Rack to be Used........................................................................ 4-6 4.3.2 Defining the Direction of Spread .................................................................. 4-6 4.3.3 Defining the Base Direction .......................................................................... 4-7 4.3.4 Spreading Pipes about the Rack ................................................................... 4-7 4.3.5 Setting the Bottom-of-Pipe Position ............................................................. 4-8 4.3.6 Combined Spreading and BOP Operations .................................................. 4-8
4.2
4.3
5
Structural Design Using Catalogue Components ......................................5-1
5.1 5.2 5.3
Creating and Positioning Primary Nodes......................................................... 5-2 Creating and Connecting Sections Automatically............................................ 5-3 Section Attributes ............................................................................................. 5-4 5.3.1 Cross-Sectional Profile via a Specification Reference .................................. 5-4 5.3.2 Generic Type.................................................................................................. 5-5 5.3.3 Start and End Positions ................................................................................ 5-5 5.3.4 Start and End Plane Directions .................................................................... 5-6 5.3.5 Orientation Angle .......................................................................................... 5-7 5.3.6 Joint Start and End References .................................................................... 5-8 5.3.7 Start and End Connection Types .................................................................. 5-8 5.3.8 Start and End Releases ................................................................................. 5-9 Creating and Positioning Secondary Nodes ................................................... 5-11 Creating and Positioning Joints ..................................................................... 5-12 5.5.1 Creating Primary Joints ............................................................................. 5-12 5.5.2 Creating Secondary Joints .......................................................................... 5-13 5.5.3 Setting Joint Geometry via a Specification Reference ............................... 5-13 5.5.4 Positioning and Orientating Primary Joints .............................................. 5-14 5.5.5 Positioning and Orientating Secondary Joints........................................... 5-15 Attributes of Connected Joints ....................................................................... 5-17 5.6.1 Connection Reference .................................................................................. 5-17 5.6.2 Cutting Plane............................................................................................... 5-18 5.6.3 Cutback Allowance ...................................................................................... 5-18 Manually Connecting Sections........................................................................ 5-19 5.7.1 Connecting Sections .................................................................................... 5-19 5.7.2 Disconnecting Sections................................................................................ 5-21 5.7.3 Reconnecting Sections ................................................................................. 5-21
5.4 5.5
5.6
5.7
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5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12 5.13
5.14
Repositioning Steelwork Elements ................................................................. 5-22 5.8.1 Reversing Section Start and End Positions (‘Flipping’) ............................. 5-22 5.8.2 Moving Steelwork Elements ....................................................................... 5-24 5.8.3 Modifying Lengths of Sections .................................................................... 5-25 5.8.4 Reorientating Steelwork Elements ............................................................. 5-26 Positioning and Orientating Using P-lines .................................................... 5-29 5.9.1 Identifying P-lines ....................................................................................... 5-30 5.9.2 Positioning by Using P-lines ....................................................................... 5-30 5.9.3 Orientating by Using P-lines ...................................................................... 5-32 Creating and Connecting Panels .................................................................... 5-34 5.10.1Creating a Panel.......................................................................................... 5-34 5.10.2Splitting a Panel.......................................................................................... 5-34 5.10.3Connecting Panels using Linear Joints ...................................................... 5-35 Fittings, Hangers and Equipment Load Points ............................................. 5-38 5.11.1Fittings and Panel Fittings ......................................................................... 5-38 5.11.2Structure-to-Pipework Connections............................................................ 5-39 5.11.3Structure-to-Equipment Connections ......................................................... 5-39 Design, Owning and Attached Parameters .................................................... 5-40 5.12.1Setting Design Parameters ......................................................................... 5-40 5.12.2Setting Owning and Attached Parameters................................................. 5-41 Representing Curved Beams and Walls ......................................................... 5-43 5.13.1Overview ...................................................................................................... 5-43 5.13.2Defining a Generic Section.......................................................................... 5-44 5.13.3More About Curve Types............................................................................. 5-45 5.13.4How P-lines Are Used For Generic Sections .............................................. 5-46 5.13.5Positioning Items Relative to Generic Sections.......................................... 5-48 5.13.6Generic Fixings Representing Joints and Fittings..................................... 5-49 Representing Building Components ............................................................... 5-50 5.14.1Using Element Soft Types........................................................................... 5-50 5.14.2Controlling Edge Representation in DRAFT.............................................. 5-51
6
Design Templates .........................................................................................6-1
6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8
The Concepts ..................................................................................................... 6-1 The Design Template Hierarchy....................................................................... 6-2 Parameterisation using Design Datasets ......................................................... 6-3 Assigning Local Names to Template Elements................................................ 6-4 6.4.1 Setting Local Names ..................................................................................... 6-5 6.4.2 Using Local Names in Expressions............................................................... 6-5 Setting Priorities for Evaluating Rules ............................................................ 6-6 Adding Design Points to Template Elements................................................... 6-7 Using a Design Template Item in a Design...................................................... 6-9 Portsets and Linksets ....................................................................................... 6-9
7
Groups ...........................................................................................................7-1
7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4
Defining Group Contents .................................................................................. 7-1 Accessing Groups .............................................................................................. 7-2 Deleting Groups ................................................................................................ 7-3 Copying a Group................................................................................................ 7-3
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1
Introduction
1.1
About the DESIGN Reference Manual The PDMS DESIGN Reference Manual describes all the DESIGN commands in detail. It also describes how the Design database is structured, the Design database elements and their attributes. DESIGN is normally used interactively. The Graphical User Interface (GUI) provides discipline-based applications which help you to create, check and report on the model. How to use the applications is described in user guides and on-line help. This manual is written for experienced users of PDMS DESIGN who need to use commands, for example, to write batch macros or to customise the GUI. If you are going to customise the GUI, you will also need to refer to the Cadcentre Software Customisation Guide and Cadcentre Software Customisation Reference Manual for information about PML, the Cadcentre programming language.
1.2
Organisation of the DESIGN Reference Manual The DESIGN Reference Manual has four parts: •
Part 1, General Commands, describes general DESIGN commands, which are used, for example, for setting up the display, and querying and navigating around the Design database. It also describes how to use the command syntax graphs, which are used to show all the options available for each command.
•
Part 2, (this volume), describes the commands for creating database elements and setting their attributes.
•
Part 3, Elements and Attributes, contains details of all the elements which can be created in the Design database, their position in the database hierarchy and their attributes.
•
Part 4, Utilities, describes the DESIGN Utilities for data consistency checking and clash detection, and for exporting DESIGN data to programs such as REVIEW.
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Introduction
1.3
Organisation of this Manual You should refer to Part 1 of the DESIGN Reference Manual for general information about creating elements and setting the standard attributes which all Design elements have. This manual, Part 2, is divided into the following chapters: •
Chapter 2 describes the commands for modelling Equipment and Civils, including positioning, orientating and connecting commands applicable to these elements.
•
Chapter 3 describes the commands for modelling Piping, Ducting and Cable Trays, including selecting Components from the Catalogue, and positioning, orientating and connecting commands applicable to these elements.
•
Chapter 4 describes the commands for Automatic Pipe Routing. Users who require these facilites should enquire about Cadcentre’s Advanced Router product. (See the addresses at the end of this manual.)
•
Chapter 5 describes Structural Design Using Catalogue Components, including positioning, orientating and connecting commands applicable to structural elements. Its main focus is on structural steelwork design, with extensions of the concepts to include their use for representing walls and floors in more general building design.
•
Chapter 6 describes DESIGN Templates, which are groups of elements which can be defined and stored as a single parameterised element, and then inserted into a model.
•
Chapter 7 describes Groups, which have now been largely replaced by Lists and Collections, defined using expressions.
For a comprehensive list of all PDMS attributes and pseudo-attributes, see the Cadcentre Software Customisation Reference Manual.
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Equipment and Primitives This chapter describes the modelling and layout of process equipment and civil items. These include items such as pumps, vessels, walls and heat exchangers, which are modelled within the major hierarchical elements Equipment, Structure, Ptrack and Substructure. These elements own primitive geometric shapes and holes which are dimensioned and assembled to form a suitable model. The items can then be positioned and orientated as a whole by using one of the comprehensive positioning commands - Design items can either be positioned at a known co-ordinate, or moved by a given distance or clearance. The same commands can be used to modify existing positions, orientations and dimensions. There are also a number of special plant modification facilities that are described in a later part of the manual.
2.1
The Primitive Modelling Attributes The plant design hierarchy is a ‘skeleton’ structure of the elements which represent the chosen organisation of the plant model. The physical appearance and layout of the process items are determined by the value of each element’s attributes; for example, a Box only looks like a box if its XLEN, YLEN and ZLEN attributes are set (on creation they are zero). This section describes those physical primitive element attributes that give a shape to the model. Generally, these attributes will either be set by typing in their values directly or from macros. It is important, however, to recognise that regardless of how it was input, the basic attribute information is the stored physical description of the designed plant.
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2.1.1 Sizing Primitive Building Blocks Keywords:
Description:
XLENGTH HEIGHT XOFF DTOP XTSHEAR
YLENGTH RADIUS YOFF DBOTTOM YTSHEAR
ZLENGTH
DIAMETER
XTOP YTOP RINSIDE XBSHEAR
XBOTTOM ROUTSIDE YBSHEAR
YBOTTOM
The physical shapes of equipment, structural and civil items in the plant are built up by creating, dimensioning and assembling basic geometric elements. These commands directly set the attributes of basic modelling primitives which give them their precise dimensions. The following primitive shapes are available: Box Cylinder Circular Torus
Cone Slope-bottomed Cylinder Rectangular Torus
Dish Snout Pyramid
Holes may be plunged through ‘solid’ primitives using a corresponding set of negative primitives. The examples given in this subsection refer to the Box and Cylinder; a complete description of all primitive elements and their attributes can be found in Part 3 of the PDMS DESIGN Reference Manual.. Examples: XLEN 1000 (At a Box) The xlength dimension of the box becomes 1000 DIA 3 FT (At a Cylinder) The diameter of the cylinder becomes 3 feet Command Syntax: Refer to Part 3 of the DESIGN Reference Manual. DIAMETER
HEIGHT
Figure 2-1 2-2
Dimensioning a CYLINDER primitive PDMS DESIGN Reference Manual Part 2: Creating the Model Version 11.3
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2.1.2 Choosing Nozzle Size, Rating and Height Keywords:
CATREF HEIGHT
Description:
The Nozzle is the only basic equipment primitive that obtains some of its physical dimensions directly from the PDMS Catalogue. The size and rating are determined by setting the CATREF (Catalogue Reference) attribute which refers to an element in the Catalogue. The Nozzle height, however, is determined on site by setting the corresponding Height attribute. If the CATREF attribute is not set, the ‘Nozzle’ is merely a hierarchical element with no geometry.
Examples: CATR /NFAARPMM (At Nozzle) The size and rating of the Nozzle are set by naming the appropriate Catalogue choice. HEI 2’6 (At Nozzle) The Height of the Nozzle becomes 2’6. Command Syntax: >-- CATref name --> >-- HEIght
-->
2.1.3 Modelling Detail Levels Keywords:
LEVEL
Description:
This command sets the attribute, common to all primitive elements, that controls modelling detail. The command specifies a range of modelling ‘levels’ which determine the permanent visibility characteristics of the element in DESIGN. The attribute allows plant items to be assembled from overlaid primitives representing varying levels of detail. In this way, several graphical versions of the same object can be available for different purposes. For example, it may be decided to represent an I-section beam as a single box for simple space-modelling in DESIGN, while using its full cross-section for 2D drawing data in DRAFT. The LEVEL attribute is specified as two numbers, representing the inclusive range in which that item will be drawn. In DESIGN, only primitives of visible items whose LEVEL range includes the LEVEL setting specified by the REPRESENTATION command will be drawn (see Chapter 5 in Part 1 of this manual).
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LEVEL ranges for Nozzles and piping are specified in the Catalogue. A company will usually establish rigid standards for the use of LEVELs which are defined permanently in the Catalogue and therefore must be complied with during Equipment and Civils modelling. Examples: LEVEL 6 10 The current primitive will be drawn if the operative drawing LEVEL is within the specified range. Command Syntax: >-- LEVel integer integer -->
Figure 2-2
Some modelling detail levels for an I-section beam
2.1.4 Obstruction Settings Keywords:
OBSTRUCTION
Description:
The OBSTRUCTION attribute indicates to the clash detection facility whether a primitive should be considered as a ‘Hard’ or ‘Soft’ obstruction, or not at all. Obstructions can be specified as HARD, SOFT or NONE, or alternatively they can be specified numerically as follows: For ordinary primitives, the following rules apply:
2-4
•
No obstruction (internal graphical details)
•
Soft obstruction (access volumes etc.)
•
Hard obstruction (vessel ‘envelopes’ etc.).
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Holes (i.e. negative primitives) also have the OBSTRUCTION attribute. OBSTRUCTION settings for Nozzles and Piping are given in the Catalogue. Note:
See also Chapter 5 in Part 1 of the DESIGN Reference Manual for details of the Spatial Map which is used during clash-checking.
Examples: OBST SOFT (At a primitive) Current Element will be considered as a ‘soft’ obstruction. OBST HARD (At a primitive) Current Element will be considered as a ‘hard’ obstruction. OBST NONE (At a primitive) Current Element will be ignored during clash detection. OBST 2 (At a primitive) Current Element will be considered as a ‘hard’ obstruction. Command Syntax: >-- OBStruction --+-| |-| |-| ‘--
Figure 2-3
integer --. | HARD -----| | SOFT -----| | NONE -----+-->
Obstruction settings for use in clash detection
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2.2
Positioning at a Known Point These commands allow you to place the Current Element at a known position in space. You can: •
Specify explicit coordinates
•
Specify the position of an existing p-point
•
Cusor pick with a working grid (WGRID) position
The position of the Current Element is normally defined as that of its origin. However options exist to allow any p-point belonging to the item to be used as the positioning reference.
2.2.1 Positioning at a Coordinate Keywords:
POSITION AT
Description:
This command positions the Current Element directly by giving the 3D coordinates, the name of another element or p-point position, or visually by using the cursor.
Examples: AT E3’ N4’6 U1’ Current Element will be placed at the specified owner coordinate position (see Figure 2-4). AT IDP@ Current Element will be placed at the p-point picked by the cursor. AT@ The Current Element will be placed at the toleranced working grid position indicated by the cursor hit. Prompt alerts appear, and the position is generated by hits in two orthogonal views. POS PIN5 AT E3000 The specified PIN and Current Element will be positioned as a single rigid item, so that the PIN is at E3000 N0 U0 (see Figure 2-5). Command Syntax: >--+-- POSition <marke> --. | | ‘----------------------+-- AT -->
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Querying: >-- Query POSition --+-- --. | | ‘------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| ‘-->
-->
Querying Examples: Q POS Gives position of Current Element origin in owner coordinates Q POS IN SITE Gives position of Current Element origin in Site Q POS IDP@ Gives position of picked p-point
U
CE ORIGIN
N
1' 4' 6"
OWNER ORIGIN
3'
E
AT E 3' N 4' 6" U 1' Figure 2-4
Positioning the Current Element at a known point
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Equipment and Primitives
Figure 2-5
Positioning a PIN and the current element together at a known point
2.2.2 Polar Positioning from the Origin Keywords:
POLAR DISTANCE
Description:
This command is used to position the Current Element using polar coordinates. This is particularly useful for positioning Nozzles. The coordinates are relative to the owner’s origin.
Examples: POLAR E45N DIST 300 The Current Element will be placed 300 from its owner’s origin along E45N (see Figure 2-6). POLAR PIN1 DIST 3000 The Current Element will be placed 3000 from its owner’s origin along the direction of PIN1 (see Figure 2-6). POS IDP@ POLAR S1OW DIST3 The p-point hit and the current element will be moved as a rigid entity so that the p-point is the specified polar distance from the owner’s origin. Command Syntax: >--+-- POSition <marke> --. | | ‘----------------------+-- POLar DISTance -->
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Querying: >-- Query POSition --+-- --. | | ‘------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| ‘-->
Figure 2-6
-->
Polar positioning from the origin
2.2.3 General Polar Positioning from the Origin Keywords:
POLAR PLANE DISTANCE
Description:
This command differs from the basic polar option by allowing the distance from the owner’s origin to be specified more generally. The PLANE element of the command enables this distance to be given in a direction different from the polar direction. For example, an element may be placed on a line North 25 East, and at N250 from the owner’s origin.
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Examples: POLAR N30E PLANE N DIST 1000 Positions the Current Element along the N30E line from the owner origin at N1000 (see Figure 2-7). Command Syntax: >-+- POSition <marke> -. | | ‘--------------------+- POLar -+- PLAne -. | | ‘----------------+- DISTance ->
Querying: >-- Query POSition --+-- --. | | ‘------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| ‘-->
Figure 2-7
2.3
-->
General polar positioning from the origin by specifying a plane
Orientation and Connection These commands allow the Current Element to be rotated. In the case of connection, the item is also repositioned. For both commands, the specification of a single axial direction or p-point on the Current Element is sufficient to perform a reorientation. However, a second direction must be specified if the orientation is to be fixed in 3D space.
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2.3.1 Design Element Orientation Keywords:
ORIENTATE
Description:
Every Design element has its own co ordinate system which consists of a right-handed set of East (X), North (Y) and Up (Z) axes. The precise orientation of an element must be given as two statements fixing the direction of two axes, e.g. ORI Y IS NORTH AND Z IS UP. When rotating symmetrical items, such as cylinders, it may be sufficient to give one axis direction only (allowing DESIGN to choose the other), e.g. ORI P1 IS N45E. Regardless of the command given, orientation always occurs about the Current Element origin.
Examples: ORI Y IS N AND Z IS UP The Current Element is rotated about its origin so that its Y axis is pointing North (in owner coordinates) and its Z axis is pointing up (see Figure 2-8a). ORI P1 IS E The Current Element is rotated so that its P1 p-point is pointing East in owner coordinates (see Figure 2-8b). Command Syntax: >- ORIentate -+- IS -. | | ‘--------------------+- AND IS -. | | ‘------------------------+-->
Querying: >-- Query ORIentation --+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| ‘-->
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-->
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Figure 2-8a
Design element orientation (1)
Figure 2-8b
Design element orientation (2)
2.3.2 Design Element Reorientation Keywords:
ROTATE BY ABOUT THROUGH AND
Description:
The ROTATE command allows you to rotate any Design element, including a Group. The rotation required may be specified in any of the following ways: •
2-12
As a specified angle of rotation about the element’s default axis (i.e. the Z axis).
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•
As a specified angle of rotation about a given axis, the latter defined by its direction and/or through point. If the direction and/or through point are omitted, the default direction is that of the Neutral Axis or Z axis; the default through point is the Origin.
•
By reference to the element’s axes.
Examples: ROTATE BY -45 Rotates by 45° about the element’s Z axis (anticlockwise when looking in the +Z direction, since the rotation is specified as a negative angle). ROTATE BY 45 ABOUT E Rotates by 45° about the E-W axis (clockwise when looking E). ROTATE ABOUT E BY 45 The same as the preceding example. ROT THRO P3 ABOUT S BY -25 Rotates element about an axis which passes in the N-S direction through its p-point 3 position. The rotation is 25° anticlockwise when looking S along this axis. ROTATE AND Y IS N45W25D Rotates element until the Y axis points as closely as possible to the N45W25D direction. Command Syntax: Rotation about a given axis: >- ROTate ABOut + THRough -+- BY -+- ----------------. | | | | | | ‘- TOwards -| | | | | ‘- AND IS ---------+-> | | BY -+- ----------------. | | | | ‘- TOwards -+-> | | ‘ AND IS -+- THRough -. | | ‘------------------+->
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Rotation to pass through a given point: >- ROTate THRough + ABOut + BY + ---------------. | | | | | | ‘ TOwards | | | | | ‘ AND IS ------+-> | | BY -+- ---------------. | | | | ‘- TOwards + ABOut . | | | | ‘--------------+-> | | ‘ AND IS + ABOut -. | | ‘----------------+->
Rotation by a specified amount: >- ROTate BY + ---------------. | | ‘ TOwards + ABOut -+- THRough -. | | | | ‘------------------+-> | | THRough -+- ABOut -. | | | | ‘----------------+-> ‘->
Rotation to give a specified orientation: >- ROTate AND IS -+- ABOut -+- THRough -. | | | | ‘------------------+-> | |- THRough -+- ABOut -. | | | | ‘----------------+-> ‘->
2.3.3 Primitive Element Connection Keywords:
CONNECT
Description:
This command allows the current primitive element to be ‘connected’ to another element or mapping pin. Any p-point on the Design element may be connected to any other p-point (except p-points on the same element). Mapping pins can also be used to great effect as they can connect and be connected to. In the former case, both the pin and Current Element move as a rigid entity; in the latter, the Current Element moves to the static pin. The connection operation includes positioning and orientation of the Current Element so that the two specified Design Points are coincident and of opposite direction.
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Examples: CONN P2 TO P1 OF /A The P2 of the Current Element is connected to the specified p-point on another element (see Figure 2-9). CONN PIN1 TO IDP@ The Current Element and PIN1 are moved and rotated so that PIN1 connects to the p-point hit. CONN IDP@ TO IDP@ AND X IS N The first point hit (belonging to the Current Element) is connected to the second point (belonging to another element). The Current Element is rotated so that its X axis is North in owner coordinates (see Figure 2-10). Note:
The first p-point in the command must belong to the Current Element.
Command Syntax: >-- CONnect <marke> TO <marke> -+- AND IS --. | | ‘-------------------------+-->
Querying: >-- Query ORIentation --+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| ‘-->
-->
>-- Query POSition --+-- --. | | ‘------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| ‘-->
Figure 2-9
-->
Connecting primitives by direct specification
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Figure 2-10
2.4
Connecting primitives by using cursor selection
Moving by a Known Distance All the commands described in this section move the Current Element by a specified distance in a given direction. The simplest method is to move from the present position along an axis direction using a command such as BY EAST 1000. However, the command options provided enable more complex manoeuvres to be made. For instance, an element may be moved ‘towards’ another item until its Easting has changed by a given amount.
2.4.1 Moving Along Axes Keywords:
BY
Description:
This command displaces the Current Element by given amounts along any East, North, Up (etc.) axes. These are normally the axes of the owner, but the axial system of any element, such as the SITE, can be specified if required.
Examples: BY E300 N400 Moves the Current Element by the specified amounts along the owner’s axes (see Figure 2-11). BY E3000 WRT SITE Moves the Current Element by the specified amount along the Site’s East axis (see Figure 2-11).
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Command Syntax: >-- BY
<pos> --+-- --. | | ‘------------+-->
Querying: >-- Query POSition --+-- --. | | ‘------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| ‘-->
-->
N N BY E3000 WRT SITE CE
BY E3000
OWNER AXES
E
E
SITE AXES
Figure 2-11
Moving along specified axes
2.4.2 Moving in any Direction Keywords:
MOVE ALONG
Description:
This command displaces the Current Element in any specified direction by a given distance.
TOWARDS DISTANCE
Examples: MOVE N45E DIST 100 The Current Element is displaced along East 45 North in owner coordinates by the specified distance (see Figure 2-12a). MOVE TOW IDP@ DIST 100 The Current Element is displaced towards the picked p-point by the specified amount (see Figure 2-12b). PDMS DESIGN Reference Manual Part 2: Creating the Model Version 11.2
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Command Syntax: >-- MOVe --+-- ALOng --. | | ‘-----------+-- DISTance -->
Querying: >-- Query POSition --+-- --. | | ‘------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| ‘-->
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-->
Figure 2-12a
Moving a given distance in a given direction (1)
Figure 2-12b
Moving a given distance in a given direction (2) PDMS DESIGN Reference Manual Part 2: Creating the Model Version 11.3
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2.4.3 Moving in any Direction: Distance Given in Different Plane Keywords:
MOVE ALONG
Description:
This command differs from the basic option by allowing the distance moved to be specified in a different plane from the actual movement direction.
TOWARDS PLANE DISTANCE
Examples: MOVE TOW /DATUM PLANE E DIST 1000 The Current Element is moved towards the specified design item until its Easting (in owner coordinates) has changed by 1000 (see Figure 2-13). Command Syntax: >-- MOVe --+- ALOng -. | | ‘---------+- -+-- PLAne --. | | ‘------------------+-- DISTance ->
Querying: >-- Query POSition --+-- --. | | ‘------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| ‘-->
Figure 2-13
2.5
-->
Moving in a direction specified in a different plane
Moving Through Defined Intersection Planes The commands described in this section move the Current Element along a given direction until it intersects with a fixed Reference Plane. Any p-point on the Current Element may be used for the manoeuvre, although the default is the origin. This point is moved to the Reference Plane which is specified by the 3D position through which it passes. The orientation of the Reference Plane defaults to perpendicular to the movement direction. In no case is the volumetric geometry of any of the Design model considered. Although you do not need to know the actual distance moved, you must provide ‘point-to-point’ dimensions in these commands. In other words, these
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commands cannot calculate physical clearances (see Sections 2.6 and 2.7 for such commands).
2.5.1 Moving Through an Intersection Keywords:
MOVE THROUGH
Description:
This command moves the Current Element until its origin intersects with the Reference Plane through a fixed 3D point.
Examples: MOVE N30W THR /BOX Moves the Current Element along the given direction until it ‘intersects’ the Reference Plane through the origin of the named element (see Figure 2-14). MOVE E THR E3000 Moves the Current Element along the given owner axis until it ‘intersects’ the Reference Plane through E3000 N0 U0 (see Figure 2-15). MOVE ALONG N45E THR IDP@ Moves the Current Element along the given direction until it ‘intersects’ the Reference Plane through the picked p-point (see Figure 2-16). Note:
The Reference Plane is perpendicular to the movement direction.
Command Syntax: >-- MOVe --+-- ALOng --. | | ‘-----------+-- THRough -->
Querying: >-- Query POSition --+-- --. | | ‘------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| ‘-->
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-->
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Figure 2-14
Moving along a given direction through an intersection
Figure 2-15
Moving to intersect a plane through a given point
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Figure 2-16
Moving to intersect a plane through a given point
2.5.2 Moving Either Side of an Intersection Keywords:
MOVE DISTANCE FROM
Description:
This command moves the Current Element until its origin intersects the Reference Plane a given distance either side of a fixed 3D point.
TO
Examples: MOVE N30W DIST 30 TO(or FROM) /BOX Move the Current Element N30W until its origin intersects a Reference Plane 30 before (or beyond) the origin of /BOX (see Figure 2-17). MOVE E DIST 1000 FROM /VESSEL5 Move the Current Element East until its origin intersects a Reference Plane 1000 beyond the origin of /VESSEL5 (see Figure 2-18a). MOVE ALONG N45E DIST 20 TO /COL8 Move the Current Element along N45E until its origin intersects a Reference Plane 20 before the origin of /COL8 (see Figure 2-18b). Note:
The Reference Plane is perpendicular to the movement direction.
Command Syntax: >-- MOVe --+-- ALOng --. | | ‘-----------+--
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DISTance --+-- FROm --. | | ‘-- TO ----+-- -->
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Querying: >-- Query POSition --+-- --. | | ‘------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| ‘-->
-->
... DISTANCE 30 FROM /BOX
30
REFERENCE PLANES
... DISTANCE 30 TO /BOX
MOVE N30W...
Figure 2-17
CE
(START POSITION)
Moving either side of an intersection
Figure 2-18a
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Moving either side of a plane specified relative to another element
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Figure 2-18b
Moving either side of a plane specified relative to another element
2.5.3 General Moving to an Intersection Keywords:
MOVE PLANE THROUGH
Description:
This command differs from the basic options by allowing the movement direction and Reference Plane to be specified independently. For example, by specifying PLANE NORTH an element may be moved towards a point until a particular Northing in the Site is intersected. In addition, any design point on the Current Element (not only the origin) can be used as the positioning datum; for instance, the p-point on the flanged face of a nozzle.
FROM
TO
DISTANCE
Examples: MOVE IDP@ TOW /DATUM PLANE N THROUGH N1000 Move the picked p-point (or the Current Element) towards /DATUM until it intersects N1000 (see Figure 2-19a). MOVE ALONG E PLANE N45W DIST 20 TO /TANK5 Move the Current Element East until it intersects an oblique Reference Plane 20 before the origin of /TANK5 (see Figure 2-19b). Note:
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DISTANCE is measured in the direction of the Reference Plane and not the movement direction.
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Command Syntax: >- MOVe -+- <marke> -. | | ‘-----------+- ALOng -. | | ‘---------+- -. | | ‘----------+- PLANe -+| | | | | || || ‘-
-+- FROm -. | | |- TO ---+- -. | | ‘-------------------| | FROm ----. | | | TO ------| | | | THRough -+- ---------+->
= >- DISTance - ->
Querying: >-- Query POSition --+-- --. | | ‘------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| ‘-->
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-->
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Figure 2-19(a)
Moving to an intersection by separately specifying direction and plane
Figure 2-19(b)
Moving to an intersection by separately specifying direction and plane
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2.6
Moving In Front of or Behind Items The commands described in this section move the Current Element to the intersection with a Reference Plane, a specified distance from the surface of a fixed geometric object. Any p-point on the Current Element may be specified as the positioning datum, although the default is the origin. In no case is the geometry of the Current Element considered. However, the full geometry of the fixed element is taken into account. Although the designer does not need to know the actual distance moved, he must provide a ‘point-to-surface’ dimension.
2.6.1 Moving Either Side of a Fixed Object Keywords:
MOVE DISTANCE INFRONT BEHIND
Description:
This command moves the Current Element until its origin is a specified distance one side or the other of a fixed geometric object. This takes into account the volume of the referenced element but not of the Current Element. Therefore it is applicable to, say, spacing the centreline of a vessel or column a certain distance from the surface of a wall.
Examples: MOVE E DIST 1000 BEH /WALL10 The Current Element is moved East until its origin is 1000 beyond the far side of /WALL10 (see Figure 2-20). MOVE N45E DISTANCE 20 INFRONT /EXCH5 The Current Element is moved until its origin is 20 to the near side of /EXCH5 (see Figure 2-20 and Figure 2-21). Command Syntax: >- MOVe -+- ALOng -. | | ‘---------+- DISTance -+- FROm -. | | ‘- TO ---+- -+- INFront -. | | ‘- BEHind --+- --. | | |- <marke> -| | | ‘- --+->
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Querying: >-- Query POSition --+-- --. | | ‘------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-- ---. | | ‘-----------------------+-->
Figure 2-20
2-28
Moving either side of a fixed object
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Figure 2-21
Moving either side of a fixed object in a specified direction
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2.6.2 Moving On Top of or Under a Fixed Object Keywords:
MOVE DISTANCE ONTOP UNDER
Description:
This command moves the Current Element until its origin is a specified distance above or below a fixed geometric object. This takes into account the shape of the referenced object but not that of the Current Element. It is therefore applicable to, say, placing the centreline of a vessel a certain distance above the top surface of a beam.
Examples: MOVE D ONTO /BOX Moves the Current Element along a vertical line until its origin lies in the upper surface of /BOX (see Figure 2-23). MOVE ALONG E45D DISTANCE 3000 UNDER /BEAM Moves the Current Element along E45D until its origin is 3000 vertically below /BEAM (see Figure 2-22 and Figure 2-23). Note:
ONTOP means above in owner co-ordinates regardless of original Current Element position. The DISTANCE is always measured vertically in owner co-ordinates.
Command Syntax: >- MOVe -+- ALOng -. | | ‘---------+- DISTance -+- FROm -. | | ‘- TO ---+- -+- UNDer -. | | ‘- ONTop -+- --. | | |- <marke> -| | | ‘- --+->
Querying: >-- Query POSition --+-- --. | | ‘------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| ‘-->
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-->
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Figure 2-22
Moving above/below a fixed object in a specified direction
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Figure 2-23
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Moving above/below a fixed object
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2.6.3 Moving an Item Using Reference Points Keywords:
MOVE ALONG UNDER
Description:
This command differs from the basic options by allowing any point on the Current Element to be moved to a specified distance from the surface of a fixed design item. In addition the distance may be specified in a direction independent of the movement direction.
PLANE DISTANCE INFRONT BEHIND ONTOP
Examples: MOVE P1 E INFRONT /BOX The Current Element will be moved East until the specified p-point is zero distance in front of /BOX (see Figure 2-24). MOVE NOZZLE1 S DIST 200 INF /RACK (at an Equipment element) Moves the current Equipment by positioning the Nozzle at the specified location. Command Syntax: >- MOVe <marke> -+- ALOng -. | | ‘---------+- PLAne DISTance ->
= >--+-| |-| |-| |-| |-| ‘--
FROm --. | TO ----+-- --> INFront --. | BEHind ---| | UNDer ----| | ONTop ----+-- ---. | | |-- <marke> --| | | ‘-- ---+-->
Querying: >-- Query POSition --+-- --. | | ‘------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| ‘-->
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-->
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Figure 2-24
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Moving to a point at a specified distance from a surface
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2.7
Moving to a Specified Clearance between Items These commands allow the Current Element to be moved to a specified clearance from a fixed object or position. Their separation takes into account both the Current Element volume and the referenced element volume. For the basic options, the clearance dimension is always specified in the movement direction. It is therefore important to place the Current Element at an appropriate position from which to make the clearance move. A simpler alternative is available for placing the Current Element vertically above or below the reference element independently of movement direction. In these instances a vertical clearance can be specified directly using the ONTOP or UNDER options.
2.7.1 Moving to a Clearance Either Side Keywords:
MOVE CLEARANCE INFRONT BEHIND
Description:
This command moves the Current Element until its geometric volume is a specified clearance from a fixed Design element, Point or position.
Examples: MOVE ALONG E45N CLEAR BEHIND /BOX Move the Current Element until its volume is zero clearance behind BOX (see Figure 2-25). MOVE E CLEAR 1000 INFRONT /DATUMBOX Move the Current Element East until its volume is 1000 this side of the given fixed item (see Figure 2-26). MOVE E45N CLEAR 100 BEH IDP@ Move the Current Element along E45N until its volume is 100 beyond the cursor hit p-point (see Figure 2-26). Command Syntax: >- MOVe <marke> -+- ALOng -. | | ‘---------+- CLEArance -+- INFront -. | | ‘- BEHind --+- --. | | |- <marke> -| | | ‘- --+->
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Querying: >-- Query POSition --+-- --. | | ‘------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-- --. | | ‘----------------------+-->
Figure 2-25
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Moving to a given clearance in a specified direction
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Figure 2-26
Moving to a given clearance
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2.7.2 Moving an Object to Clear Another Object Keywords:
MOVE CLEARANCE INFRONT BEHIND ONTOP UNDER
Description:
This command takes into account the geometry of both the Current and Referenced elements. In this way a minimum clearance can be specified between two Design items (for example, to ensure that a walkway is a sufficient distance away from a heated autoclave).
Examples: MOVE E CLEARANCE 1000 BEH /WALL10 The Current Element is moved East until its entire volume is 1000 clear of the side of /WALL10 (see Figure 2-27). MOVE D CLEARANCE ONTO /BEAM The Current Element is moved down until it has a zero clearance above the element /BEAM (see Figure 2-27). Command Syntax: >- MOVe -+- ALOng -. | | ‘---------+- CLEArance -+| || || ‘-
INFront -. | BEHind --| | UNDer ---| | ONTop ---+- --. | | |- <marke> -| | | ‘- --+->
Querying: >-- Query POSition --+-- --. | | ‘------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| ‘-->
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-->
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Figure 2-27
Moving to clear another object
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2.7.3 Moving to a Vertical Clearance Keywords:
MOVE CLEARANCE ONTOP UNDER
Description:
This command moves the Current Element until its volume is a specified vertical clearance above or below a fixed element, Point or position.
Examples: MOVE ALONG U30W CLEAR ONTO /BEAM The Current Element will be moved vertically until it is zero clearance above /BEAM (see Figure 2-28). MOVE E60D CLEAR 1000 UNDER PIN6 The Current Element will be moved E60D until it is 1000 below the specified Design point (see Figure 2-29). Command Syntax: >- MOVe -+- ALOng -. | | ‘---------+- CLEArance -+- UNDer -. | | ‘- ONTop -+- --. | | |- <marke> -| | | ‘- --+->
Querying: >-- Query POSition --+-- --. | | ‘------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| ‘-->
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-->
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Figure 2-28
Moving to a given vertical clearance in a specified direction
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Figure 2-29
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Moving to a given vertical clearance
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2.7.4 General Moving to a Clearance Keywords:
MOVE PLANE CLEARANCE INFRONT BEHIND
Description:
This command differs from the basic option by allowing the movement direction and clearance to be specified in different planes.
Examples: MOVE TOWARD /TANK5 PLANE E CLEARANCE 30 INF /TANK5 The Current Element will be moved towards /TANK5 until it has 30 clearance ‘this side’ in an East/West direction (see Figure 2-30). Command Syntax: >- MOVe -+- ALOng -. | | ‘---------+- -+- PLAne -. | | ‘----------------+- TOwards -. | .--------------------------------<-------------------------------’ | ‘- CLEARance +- INFront -. | | ‘- BEHind --| |- --. | | |- <marke> -| | | ‘- --+->
Querying: >-- Query POSition --+-- --. | | ‘------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| ‘-->
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-->
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Figure 2-30
2.8
Moving to a given clearance relative to a specified plane
Reflecting a Position in a Plane (Mirroring) The mirroring facility lets you change the position of the current element or group by reflecting it in a specified plane. The current element and its hierarchy of members will be repositioned so as to achieve a mirror image of their initial relative positions. If the current element is a Group, all members of the group and their hierarchies of members will be reflected. The values of positional attributes and directional attributes are derived by direct reflection in the plane. Orientations are processed such that they remain right-handed. For most elements this is achieved by reflecting the Y and Z axes directly, while reflecting and reversing the X axis. The exceptions to this rule are: •
Toruses (CTOR, RTOR, NCTO, NRTO), whose X and Y axes are reflected directly while the Z axis is reflected and reversed;
•
The piping elements Tee, Nozzle, Elbow, Coupling, Reducer and Flange, where the p-points are used to decide the axis of greatest symmetry for the reversal. For example, an ELBO with p-point directions along X and Y will be reversed in the Z direction.
You will most likely use the mirror positioning options in conjunction with the COPY command (see Sections 8.1.5 and 8.1.6 of Part 1) to create a new part of the design model which is a mirror image of an existing part.
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Note:
Since mirror-image components will not always be available in the Catalogue, no attempt is made to reflect catalogue geometry or to reference alternative catalogue components.
Keywords:
MIRROR
Description:
Moves the current element to a new position which is calculated by reflecting the initial position in a specified plane.
Examples: MIRROR PLANE E45D THRO /TANK5 Reflects position of current element in plane which has given direction and which passes through /TANK5 (see Figure 2-31). Command Syntax: >-- MIRRor -- -->
where is any of the standard ways of specifying a plane through a given point in a given direction: = >-+| | | | | | | | | | | | | | || | | | | || | | | | | | || || ‘-
PLAne -+| | | || || ‘-
DISTance -+- ------. | | ‘----------------| | --------------------------| | THRough -------------------| | CLEArance -+- -. | | | | ‘----------+- -| | | |- -| | | ‘-----------| DISTance - -+- -. | | | | |- -| | | | | ‘-----------+-------------------| | CLEArance -+- -. | | | | ‘----------+- -. | | | | |- -| | | | | ‘-----------+----------------| | -------------------------------------------| | THRough ------------------------------------| | -------------------------------------------+->
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= >--+-| |-| | | | | |-| ‘- =
INFront --. | BEHind ---+-- <sgid> ---. | | |-- <marke> --| | | ‘-- ---| | FROm --. | | | TO ----+-- ------+-->
>--+-- ONTop --. | | ‘-- UNDer --+-- <sgid> ---. | | |-- <marke> --| | | ‘-- ---+-->
/TANK5
Plane through /TANK5
Plane direction E45D
Current Element (owning three primitives)
MIRROR PLANE E45D THRO /TANK5
Figure 2-31
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Mirroring a position in a plane
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3
Piping, Ducting and Cable Trays This chapter describes the commands to create Piping (including Hangers), Ducting and Cable Trays. Then the commands to position, orientate and connect piping components are described. The key element in these disciplines is the Branch. This is a two-ended entity which can be joined with other Branches to form a network. The network can finish where a Branch is connected to an Equipment Nozzle, reaches the site limits, or stops at a vent or drain valve. The Branch element owns Component elements drawn from the PDMS Catalogue whose sequence and position define the centreline route. Straight variable lengths of Tube are automatically routed between adjacent Components and are therefore not individual Component elements themselves. There are no special Design hierarchy elements for ducting and cable trays. They are routed as Branches, but with Components drawn from parts of the Catalogue dedicated to the relevant discipline. It is convenient, therefore, to refer to pipes, ducting and cable trays collectively as ‘piping’, since PDMS treats them similarly. The principles applied to ‘routing’ two-ended pipe Hangers are also identical to those used for Branches. Where no distinction is made, the term ‘piping’ also applies to Hangers.
3.1
Defining a Branch Before routing takes place, various preparatory steps are taken to define the Specification and the start and end points of the Branch or Hanger. The Piping Specification and Insulation Specification are defined first, so that all Components created within the Branch can be selected correctly. The Head and Tail attributes can be set either by explicit positioning or by connection to another item (e.g. a Nozzle). The Tail position may be in free space, when it is determined by the Leave point of the final Component in the Branch. It is quite normal in such circumstances to route the pipe with only the HEAD attributes set up. (The reverse may also apply if routing backwards.) When a Branch is connected to another item, the attributes of the element that it is connected to are set to refer to the Branch. For example, if a Branch Head is connected to a Nozzle, then the CREF (Connection Reference) attribute of the Nozzle is set to refer to the Branch. Note that when a Branch is connected to a Nozzle, the Noxzzle may be part of a database to which the piping engineer does not have write-access. In this case, an Inter-DB Connection Macro is created, which can be run by the
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designer who does have write access to the second database. This macro is a sequence of commands that, for example, sets the CREF of a Nozzle that has been connected to by the piping designer. For more information, see Part 1 of the DESIGN Reference Manual.
3.2
Branch and Hanger Specifications
Keywords:
PSPE
Description:
On creation of a Branch (or Hanger) these are normally the first attributes to be set. If the Specification of the Pipe has already been set, then this will automatically be cascaded down to Branch level when it is created. The PSPE attribute of a Branch controls all subsequent Component selection operations which choose a Component’s physical details from the stated Specification.
HSPE
Examples: PSPEC /A35B8 (At Pipe level) The PSPE attribute of the Pipe and all subsequently created Branches will be set to /A35B8. PSPEC /A15A2 (At Branch level) The PSPE attribute of the Branch will be set to /A15A2. All subsequent selection commands at that Branch or one of its Components will use that Specification by default. Note:
The Specification named must be currently available to the designer.
Command Syntax: >-- PSPEcification
3-2
name -->
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3.3
Connecting the Head or Tail
Keywords:
CONNECT
Description:
The CONNECT command, when applied to Branches (or Hangers), sets up the Head or Tail to match exactly the item to which it has been connected. For example, if the Head is connected to a 3-inch flangedfaced nozzle at E3000 and pointing North, the CONNECT command will set all the Head attributes (HBOR, HCON, HPOS and HDIR) to corresponding values. In addition, the Head and Nozzle are logically ‘tied together’ by two attributes which ‘point’ to each other - the Nozzle CREF will point to the Branch, and the Branch HREF (Head Reference) will point to the Nozzle. The final effect of CONNECT, which only applies to Heads, is that the Tube (or Rod) that may be required between the Head and the first Component is automatically selected. A Branch Head or Tail can connect to the following items: •
A Nozzle
•
The Head or Tail of another Branch
•
A ‘free’ p-point of a multi-way Component in another Branch (e.g. a Tee)
Examples: CONN PH TO /1205-N5 (Where /1205-N5 is a Nozzle) The Head attributes of the current element (Branch or Hanger) are set to match the position, orientation, bore and connection type of the Nozzle (see Figure 3-1). CONN PT TO LAST MEM The Tail attributes of the current element will be set to match the Leave Point of the last Component (that is not an Attachment point). CONN PT TO /100-A8/T2 (Where /100-A8/T2 is a TEE) The Tail attributes of the current element will be set to match the free ppoint on the specified TEE (see Figure 3-1). CONN PT TO P4 OF /VF205 (Where /VF205 is a VFWA.) The Tail attributes of the current element will be set to match the specified p-point. (Where /100-A8/1 is another Branch) The Head attributes of the current element will be set to match the Tail of the specified Branch. CONN PH TO PT OF /100-A8/1
CONN PH TO ID NOZZ@ As in the first example, but with the Nozzle identified by cursor selection.
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Note:
Before a CONNECT command is given, the Branch Specification attribute must be set. Connection to elements not within the designer’s jurisdiction (Read Only) will cause an inter-DB connection macro to be created automatically (see Part 1 of the DESIGN Reference Manual).
Command Syntax: >-- CONnect <marke> TO --+-- <marke> --. | | ‘-- ---+-->
Querying: >-- Query --+-| |-| |-| ‘--
PHead --. | HHead --| | PTail --| | HTail --+-->
>-- Query --+-- HPosition --. | | ‘-- TPosition --+-- WRT --. | | ‘-- IN ---+--
--> CE
CONN PH TO /1205-N5
/1205-N5
H E A D
BRANCH
T A I L
PH
CONN PT TO /100-A8/T2 BRANCH CENTRELINE
PT
PA
PL
/100-A8/T2
Figure 3-1
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Connecting a Branch Head or Tail
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3.3.1 The Head or Tail Connection Reference Attribute Keywords:
HREF TREF
Description:
These attributes hold the name of the element to which the Branch or Hanger is connected. They are usually set automatically as a result of a CONNECT PH (or PT) command, but they may also be set explicitly. When they are set, the corresponding attribute (CREF, HREF or TREF) of the item connected to is reset so as to point back to the Branch or Hanger.
Examples: TREF /PIPE2 HEAD Sets TREF of current element to point to Head of /PIPE2 and setsHREF of /PIPE2 to point back to the current element. HREF NULREF Unsets HREF; i.e. disconnects Head from any other element. Command Syntax: >--+-- HRef --. | | ‘-- TRef --+-- --+-- HEAD --. | | | | |-- TAIL --| | | | | ‘----------+ | | ‘-- NULREF -------------+-->
Querying: >-- Query --+-| |-| |-| ‘--
CE ------. | HEAd ----| | BRANch --| | TAIl ----+-->
>-- Query --+-- HREF --. | | ‘-- TREF --+-->
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3.3.2 Positioning Head or Tail in Free Space Keywords:
HPOS TDIR
Description:
It is sometimes necessary to terminate a Branch (or Hanger) in free space; for instance, where a Branch reaches the Battery Limits. Where this termination ends with a length of TUBE (or ROD) and no Head or Tail connection can be made, it is necessary to set the Head/Tail attributes individually.
HBOR TCON
HDIR
HCON
TPOS
TBOR
Examples: HPOS E10 N5 U5 The Head position is set as specified in owner coordinates. HDIR N WRT WORLD The Head direction is set as specified in World coordinates. HBOR 80 The Head Bore is set as specified. HCON OPEN The Head Connection Type is set as specified. Note:
If a data consistency error is to be avoided, the HCONN or TCONN of a free end must be set to one of the following: OPEN, CLOS, VENT, DRAN (drain), or NULL.
Command Syntax: >--+-- HPos --. | | ‘-- TPos --+-- --> >--+-- HDir --. | | ‘-- TDir --+-- --> >--+-- HBOre --. | | ‘-- TBore --+-- --> >--+-- HCOnn --. | | ‘-- TCOnn --+-- word -->
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Querying: >-- Query --+-| |-| |-| ‘--
PHead --. | HHead --| | PTail --| | HTail --+-->
3.3.3 Head or Tail Positioning Using End Components Keywords:
POSITION
Description:
These commands allow the Head or Tail position to be set by using the end Component in that Branch or Hanger. This will normally occur when the Tail is to finish with a piece of variable length Tube. This command treats the Tail position as a pseudo-Component and places it at the specified point along the previous Component’s Leave p-point direction. If the Head is to be positioned in this way, Backwards Routing Mode must be in force.
PH
PT
THROUGH
DISTANCE
Examples: POS PT DISTANCE 1000 The TPOS attribute will be set to the position 1000 from the leave p-point of the last Branch member (i.e. previous Component). POS PH THROUGH E3000 (In BACKWARDS mode) The HPOS attribute will be set to the intersection between the line from the Arrive p-point of the Previous Component and the perpendicular plane through E3000 N0 U0 in owner coordinates.
Command Syntax: >-- POSition --+-| |-| |-| ‘--
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PHead --. | PTail --| | HHead --| | HTail --+-- DISTance --. | | ‘-- THRough ---+-->
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Querying: >-- Query --+-| |-| |-| |-| |-| ‘--
PHead ------. | PTail ------| | HTail ------| | HHead ------| | HPosition --| | TPosition --+-->
LAST COMPONENT
D
PL
D PT
1000
POS PT DISTANCE 1000
N
PH D
30
PA
D
LAST COMPONENT (BACKWARDS MODE)
OWNER AXES
E
POS PH THROUGH E30
Figure 3-2
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Head/Tail positioning using end components
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3.3.4 Head and Tail Positioning by Bottom or Top of Pipe Keywords:
BOP
Description:
This command allows the Head or Tail of a Branch to be moved vertically to a specified clearance above or below a Design element or Point. If the Head or Tail Tube has been selected, then its crosssection will be taken into account. (Otherwise the HPOS or TPOS will be moved to the specified clearance, as no Tube geometry is available.)
TOP
INFRONT
BEHIND
ONTOP
UNDER
Examples: BOP ONTO /BEAM (At the Head) This will position the Tube on top of /BEAM with a clearance of 0. TOP UNDER U3000 (At the Tail) This will position the Tail under the elevation U3000 with a clearance of 0. Note:
If no Tube can be found emerging from the point specified, then only the point’s position can be used.
Command Syntax: >--+-- BOP --. | | ‘-- TOP --+-- --. | | ‘------------+-| |-| | |-| |-| |-| ‘--
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FROm --. | TO ----+-- --> INFront --. | BEHind ---| | ONTop ----| | UNDer ----+-- ---. | | |-- <marke> --| | | ‘-- ---+-->
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Querying: >-- Query --+-| |-| |-| |-| |-| ‘--
PHead ------. | PTail ------| | HTail ------| | HHead ------| | HPosition --| | TPosition --+-->
UP
PH
PT
BOP ONTO /BEAM
TOP UNDER U3000
PH PT 3000 /BEAM
OWNER AXES
Figure 3-3
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HORIZONTAL
Head/Tail positioning by Bottom/Top of pipe
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3.3.5 Moving the Head or Tail Keywords:
MOVE
Description:
This command allows the Head or Tail position to be moved by a specified distance, relative to its current position, in the direction of PH or PT. Alternatively, it allows the Head or Tail to be moved by an amount specified in any coordinates.
BY
DISTANCE
Examples: MOVE PT DIST -2000 Moves the Tail by 2000 from its current position, in the opposite direction to PT. MOVE PT BY E2000 S500 Moves the Tail by 2000 East and 500 South from its current position Command Syntax: >-- MOVe --+-| |-| |-| ‘--
PHead --. | HHead --| | PTail --| | HTail --+-- BY <pos> --+-- WRT --. | | | | |-- IN ---+-| | | ‘--> | ‘-- DISTance -->
-->
Querying: >-- Query --+-| |-| |-| |-| |-| ‘--
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PHead ------. | PTail ------| | HTail ------| | HHead ------| | HPosition --| | TPosition --+-->
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Figure 3-4
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Moving the Head or Tail
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3.3.6 Reconnecting Pipes after an Equipment Move Note:
Applicable to Nozzles that have been moved since a Branch was connected to them. Largely superseded by the DRAG command.
Keywords:
RECONNECT
Description:
If an Equipment item is moved using an ordinary positioning command, none of the Branches connected to it will move with it. RECONNECT will reconnect all the HEADS and TAILS of Branches connected to an Equipment, moving them to new positions if necessary. Other elements in the Branches are not affected and must be realigned using ordinary routing commands.
Examples: RECON Finds all Nozzle elements which are Offspring of the current element. For each Nozzle, any Branch Head (or Tail) which is connected to it is repositioned at the Nozzle. Command Syntax: >-- RECOnnect -->
3.4
Selecting Component and Tube Details from Specifications Selecting from Specifications in PDMS is fundamental to all Piping design work. When you created a Component element (say an ELBO), you must then give the CHOOSE (or SELECT) command to form a link from the Component to the Catalogue description of the item, via the chosen Specification. As the correct choice of Component can involve a large number of considerations, each Selection would be very arduous if conducted manually. DESIGN assists you by automatically examining the current element and its immediate neighbours for default parameters, then searching for an appropriate item in the Specification. Of course, ultimate control rests with the designer, who can fully or partially override this choice. However, in the majority of cases, the default Selection will be suitable. In a similar manner, the straight TUBE between adjacent Components is Selected from a Specification. This is usually done automatically at the same time as Component Selection, so the designer only needs to be concerned with separate TUBE selection in certain special circumstances detailed in this section.
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Most of the examples here assume that certain common PDMS conventions are followed, (e.g. P3 of a TEE is the off-line p-point). It is advisable to discuss the structure of your own company Catalogue and Specifications with your Catalogue Administrator before reading this section. In order to make the correct Selections, you will also need a printed copy of each Specification that you wish to use.
3.4.1 Choosing Components from a Displayed List Keywords:
CHOOSE
Description:
This is only available in DEV GRAPHICS mode. The CHOOSE command displays Selection options on screen forms which can be picked using the cursor. Once an element has been created using the NEW command, CHOOSE may be used to list what is available in the Specification. The effect of choosing from the displayed list and applying the form setting via the OK button is to set the SPREF and LSTUBE attributes of the current Component, taking into account the choice made and the current bore. Specification-dependent Design attributes (if any) will also be set, i.e. HEIG, ANGL, RADI and SHOP. The Component may (optionally) be positioned and connected to the previous (or next) Component (or to the pipe head or tail). If the Cancel button is selected, the Component’s attributes will remain unchanged. It may be that a newly selected Component is unsuitable for connection to the previous (or next) Component (or to the Pipe Head or Tail), for example due to incompatible connection types. In such a case, the new Component will be force-connected and a warning alert displayed. This action can be turned off by giving the command CHOOSE FORCECONNECT OFF Connection attempt will still be made, but Component will be left at Site origin if connection types are incompatible. If the force-connect facility is OFF, a connection attempt will still be made following component selection. In this case however, the newly selected Component will be left at the Site origin if connection types are incompatible. This action can be turned off by giving the command CHOOSE AUTOCONNECT OFF No connection attempt will be made; Component will be left at Site origin. The default state is CHOOSE FORCECONNECT ON.
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If only one choice of Component is available, for example flanges of only one type are valid at a particular bore, DESIGN will set SPREF and LSTUBE automatically. If there are no valid choices, for example there are no Components of a particular type for the specified bore, an error alert is displayed. The CHOOSE command may be used within the same command line as a NEW command. Examples: CHOOSE Displays a general Selection form for the current element. Selection criteria displayed will depend on those available in the specification. Example form: CHOOSE Current bore 100.00 mm Forced Connections are ON RATI 150.00 300.00
OK
CANCEL
NEW GASK CHOOSE
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CHOOSE TEXT Displays a Selection form listing choices based on the Specification Component’s (SPCOM’s) Detail Description Text (obtained from the RTEX attribute of the relevant DTEX element) and Material Description Text (obtained from the XTEX attribute of the relevant MTEX element). Example form: CHOOSE Current bore 100.00 mm Forced Connections are ON Component Description EQUAL TEE BW SCH 40 X 40 REDUC TEE BW SCH 40 X 80 REDUC TEE BW SCH 40 X 80 Unset Unset
OK
CANCEL
NEW TEE CHOOSE TEXT
CHOOSE RTEX CHOOSE STEX CHOOSE TTEX Displays a Selection form listing choices based on the SPCOM’s Detail Description Text (obtained from the RTEX, STEX or TTEX attribute of the relevant DTEX element). Example form: CHOOSE Current bore 100.00 mm Forced Connections are ON Component Description 150# RING GASKET 3MM THK 300# RING GASKET 3MM THK
OK
CANCEL
NEW GASK CHOOSE RTEX (or STEX or TTEX)
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CHOOSE XTEX CHOOSE YTEX CHOOSE ZTEX Displays a Selection form listing choices based on the SPCOM’s Material Description Text (obtained from the XTEX, YTEX, or ZTEX attribute of the relevant MTEX element). Example form: CHOOSE Current bore 100.00 mm Forced Connections are ON Component Description SPIRAL WOUND SS ASBESTOS FILLED SPIRAL WOUND SS ASBESTOS FILLED
CANCEL
OK
NEW GASK CHOOSE XTEX (or YTEX or ZTEX)
CHOOSE ALL Combines the above CHOOSE and CHOOSE TEXT options. Example form: CHOOSE Current bore 100.00 mm Forced Connections are ON RATI 150.00 150# RING GASKET 3MM THK SPIRAL WOUND SS ASBESTOS FILLED 300.00 300# RING GASKET 3MM THK SPIRAL WOUND SS ASBESTOS FILLED
CANCEL
OK
NEW GASK CHOOSE ALL
CHOOSE SPEC /RF150 As CHOOSE, but selections are made from the named specification rather than from that of the owning Branch.
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CHOOSE DEFAULT Default settings will be selected wherever they occur in the Specification. For example, if the default STYP for a Reducer is CONC, only Concentric Reducers will be listed in the selection form. NEW REDU CHOOSE WITH ABOR 100 LBOR 80 Choose from Reducers with specified arrive and leave bores only NEW ELBO CHOOSE WITH STYP LR Choose from long-radius Elbows only. Note:
The Selection criteria (see syntax diagram) are independent.
The CHOOSE function assumes that the Specification hierarchy is as follows, and use of the command will generate an error if this is not so: •
The first level must contain the question TYPE
•
The second level must contain the question PBOR or BORE
Command Syntax: >- CHOOse -+- AUTOConnect --. | | |- FORCEConnect -+- ON --. | | | | ‘- OFF -+-> | |- SPec -. | | ‘--------------+- DEFault -. | | ‘-----------+- RTEX -. | | |- STEX -| | | |- TTEX -| | | |- XTEX -| | | |- YTEX -| | | |- ZTEX -| | | |- TEXT -| | | |- ALL --| .----<----. | | / | ‘--------+- WITH -*- <wivl> --| | | | | ‘- <wiwor> -+-> ‘->
where:
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<wivl> is
>--+-- PBOre integer --. | | |-- ANgle ----------| | | |-- RAdius ---------| | | |-- ABOre ----------| | | |-- LBOre ----------| | | |-- PREssure -------| | | |-- TEMperature ----| | | ‘-- RATing ---------+-- -->
<wiwor> is
>--+-- STYpe --. | | |-- TYpe ---| | | |-- ACOnn --| | | |-- LCOnn --+-- word --> | |-- PCOnn integer word --> | ‘-- word --+-- value --. | | ‘-- word ---+-->
and
3.4.2 Selecting Components from Specifications An alternative method of selecting items from a Specification is to create the piping Component, and then to ask the system to select a component of the correct type from the current piping Specification. If there is a choice of component during selection, it is sometimes necessary to specify answers to specification questions such as STYPE or BORE before the correct item is selected. Typical commands could be as follows: NEW ELBO SEL WITH STYP LR NEW TEE SEL WI PBOR 3 150 NEW FLAN SEL WI STYP WN NEW REDU SEL WI STYP ECC LBOR 100
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3.4.3 Selecting the Default Specification Component Keywords:
SELECT
Description:
The SELECT command chooses a Component and its ‘Leave’ Tube from the Branch Specification. Selecting the default Specification Component allows DESIGN to choose the appropriate item. This is based upon information DESIGN can obtain from the Design and from ‘default’ controls within the Specification. Default Selection is particularly applicable to common fittings such as FLANGEs, GASKETs, ELBOWs etc. The information automatically determined from the current element and its surroundings is as follows: SPECIFICATION
Obtained from the PSPE attribute of the Branch.
(ARRIVE) BORE
Obtained from the (Leave) bore of the Previous element (reverse in Backwards Mode).
ANGLE, HEIGHT, RADIUS
Obtained from the corresponding Current Element attributes.
SHOP
Obtained from the corresponding Current Element attribute.
TEMPERATURE, PRESSURE
Obtained from the corresponding Branch attributes.
3.4.4 Selecting from Several Alternatives Keywords:
SELECT
Description:
The SELECT command chooses a Component and Leave Tube from the Specification and sets the appropriate current element attributes. In order to make a Selection from the Specification, parameters for all the Specification Headings for that type of Component must be automatically obtained or provided by the designer. In many cases, the default choice may not be suitable. This may be because: •
One or more of the Specification Headings has no default parameter for that Component (e.g. the Leave bore of a Reducer cannot be assumed)
•
You wish to choose a non-default item (e.g. socket weld, not a weld-neck)
In both instances, the designer must specify the relevant Headings with the required Entry as part of the SELECT command. After a successful SELECT command, the design attributes will be updated with the relevant values from the Specification. The relevant 3-20
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attributes are ANGLE, RADIUS and SHOP, and HEIGHT if specified in the SELECT command. Examples: SELECT The default Component and Leave Tube will be selected from the Branch Specification. The Current Element SPREF and LSTU attributes will be set to the chosen Specification Component names. SEL WI STYPE BALL The current element and Leave Tube will be selected using the default choices except for the STYPE Heading which has been specified. SEL WI STYPE ECC PBOR 2 50 The current element and Leave Tube will be selected using the default choice except for the Headings specified. (If the Component LEAVE is 2, then the Leave Tube will also be 50 bore.) SEL WI ANGLE 45 The current element and Leave Tube will be selected using the default choice except for the ANGLE heading. Also, the ANGLE attribute of the Current Component will be set to 45. (Similar behaviour occurs with HEIGHT and RADIUS.) SEL WI LBOR 50 The current element will be selected using the default choice. However the Leave p-point and Leave Tube will be selected with the specified nominal bore. Command Syntax: .------<-------. / | >-- SElect WIth --*-- SPec --| | | |-- <wivl> ------| | | |-- <wiwor> -----’ | ‘-->
For Selection criteria that are only in the Specification, the Specification itself may also contain information to assist default Selection. This information is in the Default Line of the Specification. Querying: >-- Query --+-- SPRef --. | | ‘-- TUbe ---+-->
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.-----<-----. / | >-- Q SPECification --*-- --+-->
where is: >--+-| |-| |-| |-| |-| |-| |-| |-| |-| |-| |-| |-| |-| ‘--
PBOre integer --. | ANgle ----------| | RAdius ---------| | ABOre ----------| | LBOre ----------| | PREssure -------| | TEMperature ----| | RATing ---------| | STYpe ----------| | TYpe -----------| | PCOnn integer --| | ACOnn ----------| | LCOnn ----------| | word ----+-->
3.4.5 Selecting ‘Out-of-Specification’ Components Keywords:
SELECT
Description:
If an ‘out-of-specification’ Component is required, this can be Selected using the SELECT WITH SPEC command. This command uses the stated Specification rather than the default Specification. Other Headings necessary to specify which ‘out-of-specification’ item is required can be given in the same command.
SPEC
Examples: SEL WI SPEC /A3AH The current element will be Selected from the given Specification using the default choice. SEL WI SPEC /A3AH STYPE CTRL The current element will be Selected from the given Specification using the default choice except for STYPE.
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Note:
The Leave Tube will be selected from the default (Branch) Specification in all cases.
Command Syntax: .-----<-----. | >-- SElect WIth SPec --* | |-- <wivl> ---| | | |-- <wiwor> --’ | |-- --> | ‘--> /
<wivl> and <wiwor> are explained in the section on Standard Syntax Graphs in Part 1 of the DESIGN Reference Manual. Querying: .-----<-----. / | >-- Query SPECification --*-- --+-->
is explained in the section on Standard Syntax Graphs in Part 1 of the DESIGN Reference Manual. >-- Query --+-- SPRef --. | | ‘-- TUbe ---+-->
3.4.6 Selecting Components and Tube Separately Keywords:
SELECT LSROD
Description:
In some instances it may be necessary to Select Tube (or Rod) separately from its owning Component, or vice versa. This command enables separate Selection to occur. SELECT TUBE is most frequently used at the HEAD of a Branch where there is Tube between the Head and the First Component.
SPREF HSROD
TUBE
ROD
HSTUBE
LSTUBE
Examples: SEL TUBE (At Branch) The Branch HSTU attribute (Head Specification Tube) will be Selected according to the default choice of TUBE. SEL TUBE WI STYP GLAS (At Component) The Component LSTU attribute (Leave Specification Tube) will be Selected with the default choice of TUBE except for STYPE. PDMS DESIGN Reference Manual Part 2: Creating the Model Version 11.3
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Command Syntax: >-- SElect --+-| |-| |-| |-| |-| |-| ‘--
SPref ---. | LStube --| | HStube --| | LSrod ---| | HSrod ---| | TUbe ----| .-----<-----. | / | ROD -----+-- WIth -- *-- <wivl> ---| | | |-- <wiwor> --’ | |-- --> | ‘-->
Querying: .-----<-----. / | >-- Query SPECification --*-- --+--> >-- Query --+-| |-| |-| |-| |-| ‘--
SPRef ---. | TUbe ----| | LStube --| | HStube --| | LSrod ---| | HSrod ---+-->
3.4.7 Direct Selection by Shortcode Keywords:
SHORTCODE
Description:
The actual Specification Component name (SPREF for Components, LSTU or HSTU for Tube) can be specified in order to Select a Component. This overrides the ordinary Selection process by directly choosing the required item. The shortcode option assumes Selection from the Current Branch Specification by automatically providing the specname part. Thus it is assumed that the Specification Component name is of the form /specname/shortcode.
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Examples: SHOR /EL50 The current element SPRE attribute will be set to /specname/EL50 where /specname is obtained from the Branch. SHOR TUB /TU50 The current element LSTU (or HSTU) attribute will be set to /specname/TU50 where /specname is obtained from the Branch. Note:
/specname is shown as * on PDMS Specification listings.
Command Syntax: >-- SHORtcode --+-- SPRef ---. | | |-- TUbe ----| | | |-- LStube --| | | |-- HStube --| | | |-- LSrod ---| | | |-- HSrod ---| | | ‘------------+-- name -->
Querying: >-- Query --+-| |-| |-| |-| |-| ‘--
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SPRef ---. | TUbe ----| | LStube --| | HStube --| | LSrod ---| | HSrod ---+-->
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3.5
Re-selection of Existing Components and Tube If a Component or Tube is required to be respecified, you may restate any of the Selection commands described elsewhere in this manual. However, each time this is done all the non-default Specification entries must be restated, even if most or all of these are identical to the old Specification Component. The RESELECT command allows the designer to make use of the original Selection parameters for a Component to simplify the Selection of a new Component. This is useful for situations where only a single change has taken place since the original Selection; for example, if the Branch Specification (PSPE attribute) was changed or the nominal bore of a group of Components had to be increased. The RESELECT command operates as follows: 1.
Any new Selection parameters are considered (either changed defaults or specified by the user).
2.
If any more parameters are required, they are obtained from the old Specification Component.
3.5.1 Re-selecting the New Default Component Keywords:
RESELECT
Description:
The RESELECT command chooses a new Component and its Leave Tube from the Branch Specification. The default Selection parameters are obtained from the current element’s surroundings (in the same way as for SELECT). If any further Selection parameters are needed, they are obtained from the old Component Specification entries. The need to respecify is therefore reduced.
Examples: RESEL The current element and Leave Tube will be Selected from the new default choice(s). Any parameters required that are not obtainable from defaults will be derived from the old Specification Component. Note:
This command only operates on Components that have already been Selected.
Command Syntax: >-- RESElect -->
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Querying: .-----<-----. / | >-- Query SPECification --*-- --+-->
is explained in the section on Standard Syntax Graphs in Part 1 of the DESIGN Reference Manual.. >-- Query --+-- SPRef ---. | | ‘-- TUbe ----+-->
3.5.2 General Reselection of Components and Tube Keywords:
RESELECT
Description:
This command allows existing Components and Tube to be Reselected according to new parameters. Where new parameters are not stated or available through defaults, they are obtained from the old Component Specification entries.
Examples: RESEL WITH STYPE BALL The current element and Leave Tube will be Selected using any default parameters and the STYPE specified. Any further parameters required will be obtained from the old Specification Component. RESEL WI SPEC /NEWSPEC The current element and Leave Tube will be Selected using the new Specification and any default parameters. The remaining necessary parameters will be obtained from the old Specification Component. RESEL TUBE WI STYPE GLAS (At Branch) The current element HSTU attribute will be Selected using default parameters and the specified STYPE. If any further parameters are necessary they will be obtained from the old Specification Component.
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Command Syntax: >-- RESElect --+-| |-| |-| |-| |-| |-| ‘--
SPref ---. | LStube --| | HStube --| | LSrod ---| | HSrod ---| | TUbe ----| .-------<------. | / | ROD -----+-- WIth -- *-- SPec --| | | |-- <wivl> ------| | | |-- <wiwor> -----’ | ‘-->
Querying: .-----<-----. / | >-- Q SPECification --*-- --+-->
is explained in the section on Standard syntax Graphs in Part 1 of the DESIGN Reference Manual. >-- Query --+-- SPRef ---. | | ‘-- TUbe ----+-->
3.6
Standard Component Attributes This section describes the standard Component element attributes that provide their complete logical and physical descriptions. Although you may set them directly, many of these attributes are automatically determined when using the Specification selection and pipe routing commands described elsewhere. Two classes of standard attribute exist for Components:
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•
Those which ‘point’ to a Specification item that provides a fixed Catalogue description of the Component
•
Those which cannot be part of the Catalogue description, as they are unique to each occurrence in the Design
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The standard Specification attributes of a Component are: SPREF
This points to a Specification Component that provides the complete Catalogue description of the current element.
LSTUBE
These point to a Specification Component that provides the complete Catalogue LSROD description of the Tube emerging from the current element Leave Point.
ISPEC
This points to an Insulation Specification. The Branch ‘TEMPERATURE’ attribute is automatically used to determine an insulation thickness from this Specification.
TSPEC
This points to a dummy Tracing Specification and is used by ISODRAFT to indicate trace heating requirements.
The remaining standard attributes are: POSITION
The Component’s position in Zone coordinates (neither Branch nor Pipe have a POSITION, though Branch has head and tail positions (HPOS and TPOS).
ORIENTATION The Component’s orientation in Zone coordinates (neither Branch nor Pipe have an ORIENTATION, though Branch has head and tail directions (HDIR and TDIR). ARRIVE
The Catalogue p-point that is on the Arrive side of the Component.
LEAVE
The Catalogue p-point that is on the Leave side of the Component.
BUILT
Management information to indicate if the item has actually been built.
SHOP
(Shop fabrication flag.) Used by ISODRAFT to determine in which material list the item is to be shown.
ORIFLAG
(Logical orientation flag.) Set and used automatically by PDMS to determine if the Component has been oriented.
POSIFLAG
(Logical position flag.) Set and used automatically by PDMS to determine if the Component has been positioned.
The following attributes do not occur in all Components, but are sufficiently common to be considered as standard: ANGLE
The (variable) angle of a Component.
HEIGHT
The (variable) height of a Component.
RADIUS
The (variable) radius of a Component.
LOFFLINE
(Logical Offline flag.) Indicates, for reporting purposes, whether the Component breaks the Tube either side of it.
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CREF
(3-way Component Connection Reference.) Indicates the element that is connected to the third (neither Arrive nor Leave) p-point of the Current Element.
CRFA
(Multi-way Component Connection Reference.) Indicates the elements that are connected to the free (neither Arrive nor Leave) p-points of the Current Element.
3.6.1 Position and Orientation Attributes Keywords:
POSITION ORIENTATION
Description:
The Component position and orientation attributes describe their location with respect to Zone co-ordinates. This is because neither Branch nor Pipe have position or orientation attributes and therefore do not have a co-ordinate system.
Command Syntax: Component position and orientation are established using the pipe routing or ordinary positioning commands described elsewhere. Querying: >-- Query --+-- POSition --+-- --. | | | | ‘------------| | | ‘-- ORIentation ------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| ‘-->
-->
>-- Query POSition -->
Gives the Component position in ZONE co-ordinates. >-- Query ORIentation WRT SITE -->
Gives the Component orientation in SITE co-ordinates.
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3.6.2 Component Arrive and Leave Attributes Keywords:
ARRIVE
Description:
This command sets the attributes that control which p-points are the Arrive and Leave for a Component. It is usual to set those attributes before Selection and Positioning as they can define:
LEAVE
•
The automatic Selection Parameters for that item (particularly REDUCERS)
•
The centreline Logical Route that will affect positioning and orientation of the Component.
However, as the p-point details for Arrive (PA) and Leave (PL) are obtained from the Catalogue, these may only be used or interrogated after Selection. Examples: ARR 2 LEAV 1 The Logical Route will Arrive at P2 and Leave at P1 of the Component. ARR 3 LEAV 2 The Logical Route will Arrive at P3 and Leave at P2 of the Component. Note:
Default is Arrive 1, Leave 2.
Command Syntax: >--+-- ARRive --. | | ‘-- LEAve ---+-- P --------. | | ‘-- integer --+-->
3.6.3 Swapping the Arrive and Leave P-points Keywords:
FLIP
Description:
This command swaps the Arrive and Leave p-point numbers of a Component so that it can be ‘Flipped’. It does not actually rotate the Component until the next orientation command is given. The FLIP command can be given before Selection, as the Arrive and Leave ppoint numbers are Design attributes independent of the Catalogue. As most Specifications are organised with Reducers having PBOR1 larger than PBOR2, the Select mechanism needs to be told that the Arrive is at P2 by FLIP Selection. Therefore NEW REDU FLIP SELECT WITH LBORE 100 would be a typical command for a bore increase.
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When working in BACKWARDS mode, this situation reverses - the REDU need only be Flipped if a bore reduction is required. Examples: FLIPReverses the current Arrive and Leave p-point numbers for that Component. Command Syntax: >-- FLIP -->
Querying: >-- Query --+-- ARRive --. | | ‘-- LEAve ---+-->
ARRIVE
P1
PH
CE
LEAVE FLIP (ARRIVE 2 LEAVE 1) P2
PT Figure 3-5
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Component Arrive and Leave attributes (standard and Flipped)
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3.6.4 The Component Specification Reference Attribute Keywords:
SPREF
Description:
All Piping Components (including ducting, cable trays and pipe hangers) obtain their geometries from the PDMS Catalogue through a Specification. The SPREF (Specification Reference) attribute of these items refers to a Specification Component in a chosen Project Specification that obtains its physical dimensions from the Catalogue. If the SPREF is not set, a Valve, for example, is merely a hierarchical element and has no geometry.
Examples: SPREF /SPEC208/EL50BW The current element is specified by the chosen Specification Component. Note:
This attribute is usually inserted automatically as a direct result of the CHOOSE (or SELECT) command. It can, however, be set directly to the name of the required Specification Component.
Command Syntax: >-- SPRef name -->
3.6.5 Variable Length Tube (and Rod) Attributes Keywords:
LSTUBE
Description:
Straight lengths of Tube (ducting, trays and rod) between Components are not defined as PDMS elements in the hierarchy. Instead, they are extruded from the Leave p-point of a Component to the Arrive p-point of the next. Their geometric cross-section details are stored in the Catalogue and are pointed at from the Upstream Component via its LSTU attribute. At the Head of a Branch, there is no Upstream Component; therefore a special Branch attribute exists to allow Tube from the Head to the first Component to be specified (HSTU).
LSROD
HSTUBE
HSROD
Generally, you need not be concerned about specifying Tube between Components, as it is automatically determined during the Component Selection process described elsewhere. If short fixed-length stubs of Tube are required, it is usually appropriate to create a Component FTUB element to ensure that this minimum length is adhered to. Similarly, where Tube changes direction, a Component must be inserted (usually a BEND), as variable length Tube is always straight.
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Examples: LSTU /SPEC502/100L (At Branch Component) The Tube between the Leave p-point of this Component and the Arrive of the Next (or Tail) is specified by the named Specification Component. HST /SPEC502/100L (At Branch) As above, but between the Head and Arrive of First Component (or Tail). LSR /HS20/2.5 As first example.
(At Hanger Component.)
HSR /HS20/2.5 As second example.
(At Hanger Component.)
Note:
These attributes are usually set automatically when the CHOOSE (or SELECT) command is used.
Command Syntax: >--+-| |-| |-| ‘--
LSTube --. | HSTube --| | LSRod ---| | HSRod ---+-- name ----. | | ‘-- NULREF --+-->
Figure 3-6
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Variable length Tube between Components
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3.6.6 Insulation Specification Attribute Keywords:
ISPEC
Description:
This attribute points to an insulation Specification. It is automatically cascaded down from the Branch ISPE setting, but can also be set on an individual basis. In conjunction with the Branch TEMPERATURE attribute, the ISPE insulates the Component and the Tube from its Leave point.
Examples: ISPE /I500-HAV The Current Component and Tube from its Leave p-point will be insulated according to the named Specification. (The temperature parameters required to determine insulation thickness will be obtained from the Branch element.) ISP NULREF The Component and Tube from its Leave p-point will be uninsulated. Note:
If a whole Branch is to be insulated, the Branch ISPE should be set before Components are created. This setting will then cascade down to all new Components.
Command Syntax: >-- ISPec --+-- name ---. | | ‘-- NULREF --+-->
Querying: >-- Query INSUlation -->
Gives the insulation thickness.
3.6.7 Trace Heating Specification Attribute Keywords:
TSPE
Description:
This attribute provides ISODRAFT with trace heating information. The trace heating Specification pointed to is a dummy Specification defined in SPECON, having no significance other than its name.
Examples: TSPE /TR50A The Current Component will be noted by ISODRAFT with the given trace heating requirements. PDMS DESIGN Reference Manual Part 2: Creating the Model Version 11.3
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TSPE NULREF Trace heating is removed. Note:
If the same trace heating is required for an entire Branch, TSPE should be set at Branch level, from where it will cascade down to all new Components.
Command Syntax: >-- TSPec --+-- name ---. | | ‘-- NULREF --+-->
3.6.8 The Fabrication Flags Keywords:
SHOP
Description:
These attributes indicate the location and status of construction of each Component. The SHOP flag is used by ISODRAFT to determine in which material list the item will appear. The BUILT flag can indicate whether or not the Component has been fabricated/built during construction.
BUILT
Examples: SHOP TRUE The current element will be itemised as ‘SHOP FABRICATED’ in ISODRAFT. BUILT FALSE Information attribute indicating that current element has not been built. Command Syntax: >--+-- SHOP ---. | | ‘-- BUIlt --+-- TRue ---. | | ‘-- FALse --+-->
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3.6.9 Position and Orientation Status Flags Keywords:
ORIFLAG
Description:
These attributes are automatically set to TRUE when the Component is positioned and orientated. They are used by DESIGN in several situations where it requires to know if a Component has been properly positioned.
POSFLAG
Examples: POSF FALSE This setting will occur if the Components have been transferred from a P&ID and not positioned. The Component will not be drawn in the views. ORIF FALSE POSF TRUE This setting will occur if the item has been Selected in DESIGN but not oriented. ORIF TRUE POSF TRUE After the Component is oriented it will be shown in normal line type. Note:
If either POSFLAG or ORIFLAG remains FALSE, the next Component cannot be positioned using ordinary routing commands.
Command Syntax: These attributes are set automatically by DESIGN when positioning and orientation takes place. However, they can be set explicitly as follows: >--+-- ORIFlag --. | | ‘-- POSFlag --+-- TRue ---. | | ‘-- FALse --+-->
Querying: >-- Query --+-- POSFlag --. | | ‘-- ORIFlag --+-->
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3.6.10 Variable Component Attributes Keywords:
ANGLE
Description:
Some Components have variable dimensions that must be specified in situ by the designer. Once a Component has been selected from the Specification, altering, say, the ANGLE may change its physical appearance.
HEIGHT
RADIUS
DESPARAMETERS
Although many Component elements possess the ANGLE, HEIGHT or RADIUS attributes or use Design Parameters, it is the Catalogue that determines whether the value of these attributes will affect the physical Component. For example, changing the ANGLE attribute of a 90-degree fixed-angle elbow to 45 degrees will have no effect. In some cases, the variable value may be difficult to determine. For instance, a BEND in a pipe may possess an angle resulting from an oblique change in direction. In such instances, the DIRECTION command (described elsewhere) can be used to determine the ANGLE setting automatically. The ANGLE, HEIGHT and RADIUS attributes can also be set before selection as a means of choosing between, say, 90-degree or 45-degree fixed-angle elbows. Examples: ANGL 45 (Before Selection) When the CHOOSE (or SELECT) command is given, it will choose the ‘ANGLE45’ option if available in the Specification. HEIG 300 (After Selection) If a variable height component, this dimension will alter as specified. Command Syntax: >-- ANGle --+-- -----------------. | | ‘-- TOwards --+--> >-- HEIght --> >-- RADius --> >-- DESParameters -->
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3.6.11 Offline/Straight-Through Component Attribute Keywords:
LOFF
Description:
This attribute controls whether a Component is considered to be ‘inline’ or ‘off-line’. If it is off-line, the reporting utility will treat it as a continuous part of the Tube either side of the Component and will only report one pipe length. This is useful for BENDS (bends in continuous Tube) and OLETS (which tap off the side of a piece of Tube). If the Component is left as in-line, the Tube will be split into two sections with no account being taken of the Arrive-to-Leave length of the Component.
Examples: LOFF FALSE In the reporting utility, the current element will be treated as a full Component which breaks the Tube lengths either side. OFFL TRUE In the reporting utility, the current element will be included as part of a single Tube length running through its Arrive-to-Leave centreline. Note:
The default setting for this attribute is dependent upon Component type.
Command Syntax: >--+-- LOFFline --. | | ‘-- OFFLine ---+-- TRue ---. | | ‘-- FALse --+-->
3.6.12 Multi-Way Component Attributes Keywords:
CREF
Description:
In addition to Arrive and Leave p-points, some Components have further p-points which can become the ends of other Branches. For three-way Components (e.g. TEE), the attribute CREF (Connection Reference) is used to show which Branch is connected to the free ppoint. This is usually set automatically as a result of a CONNECT command, but it may also be set explicitly. For Components with more than three p-points (e.g. CROSS), the attribute CRFA stores the names of up to 10 Branches which connect to this item. Although a Design Component element can possess a CREF or CRFA attribute, it
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is the Catalogue which controls whether the item can actually be connected to by other Branches. Examples: CREF /PIPE1 TAIL Sets CREF of current element to point to Tail of /PIPE1 and sets TREF of /PIPE1 to point back to the current element. CREF NULREF Unsets CREF; i.e. disconnects this point from any other element. Command Syntax: >-- CREF --+-- --+-- HEAD --. | | | | |-- TAIL --| | | | | ‘----------+ | | ‘-- NULREF -------------+-->
Querying: >-- Query --+-- CREf --. | | ‘-- CRFA --+-->
3.7
Orientation and Connection of Components Orientation and Connection commands make use of the constrained centreline of a Pipe route. When a Component is Selected, it is automatically positioned next to the adjacent Component so that it can be seen. However, it is essential in DESIGN that the item is either oriented or Connected. DESIGN insists on this minimum to ensure that each Component is deliberately manipulated by the user. All the examples in this section assume Forwards routing mode is in operation. Generally, if Backwards is being used, then the effect of these commands will logically reverse.
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3.7.1 Component Orientation Keywords:
ORIENTATE
Description:
This command rotates the Component about its origin so that (in forwards mode) the Arrive p-point is in the opposite direction to the previous Component’s Leave p-point. If the Component is not concentric, it is necessary to specify the offline orientation as well. This is usually done by giving the direction of an off-line p-point. If it is not possible to achieve an orientation because of the direction of the constrained centreline, DESIGN will leave this off-line direction in the closest orientation to that requested.
Examples: ORI Rotate the current element about its origin so that (in forwards mode) its Arrive Point is in the opposite direction to the previous Component’s Leave Point (see Figure 3-7). ORI AND P3 IS U As above, and orient the off-line p-point (P3) in the specified direction (see Figure 3-8). Note:
The ORIENTATE command will not change the ANGLE, RADIUS etc. of a variable Component to accommodate an oblique off-line direction.
Command Syntax: >- ORIentate -+- IS -. | | ‘--------------------+- AND IS -. | | ‘------------------------+-->
Querying:
>-- Query
.-------------------<----------------. / | <marke> --*-- DIRection --. | | | | ‘---------------+-- WRT --. | | | | |-- IN ---+-- --’ | ‘-->
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Figure 3-7
Orienting a Concentric Component
Figure 3-8
Orienting a non-concentric Component by means of an off-line ppoint PDMS DESIGN Reference Manual Part 2: Creating the Model Version 11.3
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3.7.2 Direction-Changing Components Keywords:
DIRECTION
Description:
The DIRECTION command orients the Component along the constrained centreline and points the specified p-point in a new direction. Unlike the ORI command, if that new direction requires a change in the ANGLE of a variable-angle Component (e.g. a BEND), this will automatically be adjusted. The ability of a Component to adjust in this way is controlled by the Catalogue.
Examples: DIR E Rotate the Component about its origin such that (in forwards mode) its Arrive point is in the opposite direction to the previous Component’s leave point, and its leave point is East. If this requires a change of angle and the Component has a variable ANGLE attribute, then this will be altered to suit (see Figure 3-9). DIR AND P3 IS U45E As above, but P3 (rather than PL) is pointed to the new direction (see Figure 3-9). Note:
If the new direction cannot be adopted by a fixed-angle Component, the item will be pointed in the closest direction to that specified.
Command Syntax: >-- DIRection --+-- AND <marke> IS --. | | ‘--------------------+-- -->
Querying: .-------------------<----------------. / | >-- Query <marke> --*-- DIRection --. | | | | ‘---------------+-- WRT --. | | | | |-- IN ---+-- --’ | ‘-->
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Figure 3-9
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Changing the direction of variable-angle Components
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3.7.3 Component Connection Keywords:
CONNECT
Description:
This command places a p-point on the current Component face-to-face with the p-point of an adjacent Component. If the Connection Types or nominal bores of the Connected faces are not compatible, DESIGN automatically Flips (reverses Arrive and Leave) the Component and tries again. If the adjacent element is an Attachment Point (ATTA) then this is ignored and Connection is attempted on the Next Component.
Examples: CONNECT The arrive p-point of the Component is connected to the leave p-point of the Previous Component (see Figure 310). CONNECT TO NEXT The leave p-point of the Component is connected to the arrive p-point of the next Component (see Figure 3-10). CONNECT AND P3 IS U As first example and the off-line p-point is oriented upwards (see Figure 310). Note:
Only adjacent Components (not Attachment Points) may be connected to; if Connection Types or bores are incompatible, then an automatic FLIP takes place and CONNECT is attempted again.
Command Syntax: >- CONnect -+- <marke> -+- TO <marke> -+- AND IS -> | | | | | ‘--> | ‘--> ‘-->
Querying: .------------------<----------------. / | >-- Query <marke> --*-- POSition --. | | | | ‘--------------+-- WRT --. | | | | |-- IN ---+-- --’ | ‘-->
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Figure 3-10
Component connection
3.7.4 Forced Component Connection Keywords:
FCONNECT
Description:
This operates exactly as the CONNECT command, but ignores Connection and Bore compatibility. The Component will be shown fully positioned, but data consistency checking will still report incompatible connections unless the items are moved apart later.
Examples: FCONN The Arrive p-point of the Component is force-connected to the Leave p-point of the previous Component. FCONN TO TAIL The Leave p-point of the Component is force-connected to the Tail. FCONN AND P3 IS U As first example and the off-line p-point is oriented upwards. 3-46
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Note:
Only adjacent Components (not Attachment Points) may be forceconnected. No check on compatibility of bore or Connection Type occurs.
Command Syntax: >- FCONnect -+- <marke> -+- TO <marke> -+- AND IS --> | | | | | ‘--> | ‘--> ‘-->
3.8
Moving by a Known Distance These commands move the Component a specified distance along the constrained centreline. All the commands move the Component from its current position. The distance moved may either be measured along the constrained centreline or some other planar direction. All the examples in this section assume Forwards routing mode is in operation. Generally, if Backwards is being used, then the effect of each command will be logically reversed.
3.8.1 Moving Components Keywords:
MOVE
Description:
This command moves the Component along the constrained centreline by a specified distance.
DISTANCE
Examples: MOVE DISTANCE 1000 The Current Component is moved from its present position 1000 along the constrained centreline (see Figure 3-11). Note:
A positive dimension moves the Component away from the Previous Component.
Command Syntax: >-- MOVe DISTance -->
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Querying: >-- Query POSition --+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| ‘-->
Figure 3-11
-->
Moving a Component by a given distance
3.8.2 General Moving of Components Keywords:
MOVE
Description:
This command moves the Component along the constrained centreline. The distance moved may be specified either in the direction moved or another planar direction.
PLANE
DISTANCE
Examples: MOVE PLANE N45E DIST 1000 The current Component is moved from its present position along the constrained centreline by 1000 along the N45E direction (see Figure 3-12). Command Syntax: >-- MOVe PLAne DISTance -->
Querying: >-- Query POSition --+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| ‘-->
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Figure 3-12
3.9
Moving a Component by a distance specified in another plane
Positioning Components using Reference Planes This section describes commands that position the Component on the constrained centreline at the intersection with a fixed reference plane. Any p-point on the Component may be used, although the default is the origin. This point is positioned along the constrained centreline through the reference plane which is defined by the 3D position through which it passes. The orientation of the reference plane defaults to perpendicular to the constrained centreline, although a different planar direction can be specified. In no case is the volumetric geometry of the 3D model considered. These commands are therefore not suitable for ‘clearance’ positioning. All the examples in this section assume Forwards routing mode. Generally, if Backwards is being used, then the effect of each command will be logically reversed.
3.9.1 Positioning with respect to the Previous Component Keywords:
DISTANCE POSITION
Description:
This command positions the Component on the constrained centreline at a specified distance from the origin of previous Component. Any ppoint on the current element may be used, the default being the origin.
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Examples: DIST 1000 The Component will be positioned on the constrained centreline 1000 from the origin of the previous Component (see Figure 3-13a). POS PA DIST 1000 As above, but the Arrive point of the Component is used (see Figure 3-13b). Command Syntax: >--+-- POSition <marke> --. | | ‘----------------------+-- DISTance -->
Querying: >-- Query --+-- POSition --. | | ‘--------------+-- <marke> --+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| ‘-->
Figure 3-13 (a)
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-->
Positioning with respect to Previous Component
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Figure 3-13(b)
Positioning with respect to Previous Component
3.9.2 Positioning the Component through an Intersection Keywords:
THROUGH POSITION
Description:
This command allows the designer to position the Component through the intersection with a fixed design element or position (say a Nozzle) or a cursor position. The Component is positioned along the constrained centreline where the reference plane intersecting, say, the specified Nozzle, cuts at right angles. For cursor positioning it is therefore advisable to use orthogonal views for orthogonal piping.
Examples: POS THR /TANK5 The origin of the current Component will be positioned on the constrained centreline where this intersects the perpendicular reference plane through the named element (see Figure 3-14). POS PA THR E3000 The Arrive point of the current Component will be positioned on the constrained centreline where the perpendicular reference plane through E3000 N0 U0 intersects (see Figure 3-15a). THR @ The Component will be placed on the constrained centreline where the perpendicular reference plane indicated by the cursor intersects (see Figure 3-15b).
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NOTE: The reference plane is perpendicular to the constrained centreline. If the cursor is used, the position will be located on the working grid nearest to the cursor. Command Syntax: >--+-- POSition <marke> --. | | ‘----------------------+-- THRough -->
Querying: >-- Query --+-- POSition --. | | ‘--------------+-- <marke> --+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| ‘-->
Figure 3-14
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-->
Positioning through an intersection
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Figure 3-15(a)
Positioning through an intersection
Figure 3-15(b)
Positioning through an intersection
3.9.3 Positioning with respect to an Intersection Keywords:
POSITION DISTANCE
Description:
This command positions the current Component so that its origin (or specified p-point) intersects the reference plane either side of the specified fixed position.
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FROM TO
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Examples: DIST 50 FROM /TANK5 The Component will be moved along the constrained centreline until its origin is 50 beyond the perpendicular plane through the named element (see Figure 3-16). DIST 1000 TO NEXT The Component will be placed on the constrained centreline so that its origin is 1000 before of the Next Component’s origin (see Figure 3-17a). POS PA DIST 20 FROM PL OF PREV The Component will be placed on the constrained centreline so that its Arrive point is 20 from the previous Component’s Leave point (see Figure 3-17b). Note:
The reference plane is perpendicular to the constrained centreline. TO means closer to the Previous Component than the reference plane. FROM means further from the previous Component than the reference plane.
Command Syntax: >-+- POSition <marke> -. | | ‘--------------------+- DISTance -+- FRom -. | | ‘- TO ---+- ->
Querying: >-- Query <marke> --+-- POSition --. | | ‘--------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| ‘-->
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Figure 3-16
Figure 3-17a
Positioning with respect to an intersection
Positioning with respect to an intersection
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Figure 3-17b
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Positioning with respect to an intersection
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3.9.4 General Positioning through an Intersection Keywords:
POSITION
Description:
This command differs from the basic options by allowing the reference plane to be specified independently of the constrained centreline. This is particularly relevant for routing sloping lines where a specific Easting or Northing is to be intersected.
PLANE
DISTANCE
THROUGH
FROM
TO
Examples: PLANE E DIST 1000 The Component will be placed on the constrained centreline so that its origin is 1000 from the previous Component’s origin in an East/West direction (see Figure 3-18). Command Syntax: >-+- POSition <marke> -. | | ‘--------------------+- PLANe -+- DISTance -+- FRom -. | | | | ‘- TO ---+- -> | ‘- THrough ->
Querying: >-- Query <marke> --+-- POSition --. | | ‘--------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| ‘-->
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Figure 3-18
Positioning through an intersection defined in an independent plane
3.10 Positioning Components ‘Point-to-Surface’ This section describes commands which position a Component on the constrained centreline at a specified distance from the surface of a fixed design item. Any p-point on the current element may be used for the manoeuvre, although the default is the origin. In no case is the geometry of the current element considered. However, the geometry of the referenced item is considered in one of three ways: •
If the item is a Design element, then its complete geometry will be considered.
•
If the item is a Piping p-point at the Arrive or Leave of another Component, then the Tube cross-section at that point will be considered.
•
If the item has no geometry, i.e. a non-piping p-point, or is a position, then only that point will be considered.
All the examples in this section assume Forwards mode. Generally, if Backwards mode is being used, the effect of each command is logically reversed.
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3.10.1 Positioning Components either side of an Object Keywords:
POSITION
Description:
This command positions the Component on the constrained centreline at a specified distance from a geometric object, point or position.
DISTANCE
INFRONT
BEHIND
Examples: DISTANCE 30 INFRONT /WALL The Component will be placed on the Constrained Centreline so that its origin is 30 ‘this side’ of the specified object (see Figure 3-19 and Figure 320). DISTANCE 125 BEHIND IDP @ The Component will be placed such that its origin is 125 the ‘other side’ of the picked p-point. If this point is an Arrive or Leave, then the Tube crosssection will be taken into account (see Figure 3-20). POS PL INF /ACCESS The Component will be placed such that its Leave Point is zero distance ‘this side’ of the specified object (see Figure 3-20). Command Syntax: >-+- POSition <marke> -. | | ‘--------------------+- DISTance -+- INFront -. | | ‘- BEHind --+- --. | | |- <marke> -| | | ‘- --+->
Querying: >-- Query <marke> --+-- POSition --. | | ‘--------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| ‘-->
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Figure 3-19
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Positioning Components either side of an object
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Figure 3-20
Positioning Components relative to a specified object
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3.10.2 Positioning Components On Top of or Under an Object Keywords:
POSITION
Description:
This command positions the Component on the constrained centreline at a vertical distance above or below a fixed geometric object. This takes into account the shape of the referenced object, but not of the current element.
DISTANCE
ONTOP
UNDER
Examples: DISTANCE 35 ONTO /BEAM The Component will be placed on the Constrained Centreline so that its origin is 35 above the specified object (see Figure 3-21). DISTANCE 125 UNDER IDP @ The Component will be placed on the Constrained Centreline so that its origin is 125 below the picked point. If this point is an Arrive or Leave, then the Tube cross-section will be taken into account (see Figure 3-21). Command Syntax: >-+- POSition <marke> -. | | ‘--------------------+- DISTance -+- ONTop -. | | ‘- UNDer -+- --. | | |- <marke> -| | | ‘- --+->
Querying: >-- Query <marke> --+-- POSition --. | | ‘--------------+-- WRT --. | | |-- IN ---+-| ‘-->
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Figure 3-21
Positioning above/below an object
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3.10.3 General Component Positioning Using Planes Keywords:
POSITION UNDER
Description:
This command differs from the basic options by allowing the reference plane to be specified in a different direction from that of the constrained centreline.
PLANE
DISTANCE
INFRONT
BEHIND
ONTOP
Examples: PLANE E DIST 1000 INFRONT /WALL The Component will be placed on the constrained centreline such that its origin is 1000 ‘this side’ of /WALL, measured East-West (see Figure 3-22). Command Syntax: >-+- POSition <marke> -. | | ‘--------------------+- PLAne -. | | ‘----------------+- DISTance -+| || || ‘-
ONTop ---. | UNDer ---| | INFront -| | BEHind --+- --. | | |- <marke> -| | | ‘-