• Introduction

Asbestos:: • Introduction

• The term asbestos is derived from a Greek word meaning "inextinguishable or inconsumable." It is a generic name for a group of fibrous silicate minerals, the most common of which are chrysotile, crocidolite and amosite. • Asbestos is non-flammable even at very high temperatures and is extremely flexible and durable. • Asbestos was described in a 1927

•

::3)asbesto sis • Chronic inflammatory medical condition affecting the parenchymal tissue due longterm, heavy exposure to asbestos.

•

Asbestosis is a general term embracing a # of fibrous silicates of magnesium which will effect the airway according to their deposition:: 1) chrysotile white in color.. 2) crocidolite Blue 3)Amosite brown asbestos.. 



1) chrysotile Chrysotile or white asbestosis the most commonly encountered form of asbestos accounting for approximately 95% of the asbestos It is a



soft fibrous ..

,so most likely to retain in the proximal small airway chrysotile is a member of the Serpentine group, so-named because the fibers is curly… 



Cont. 

2)Crocidolite::



3)Amosite

 



Blue





rigid fibers • Travels readily in the airstream ,so reach the periphery of the lung 

Brown 



Rigid fibers as well

Cont.. • These properties may explain WHY chrysotile causes lesions in the lung but rarely plural mesothelioma.. • The MOST important factor is the amount of exposure or dust inhalation ; heavy exposure for a few years or exposure to low levels over many years are equally likely to

crocidolite

Amosite

HOW ASBESTOS EFFECT THE LUNG Inhaled asbestos fibers 50 mm respiratory bronchioles of the LL alveolar duct fragments r engulfed by macrophages completely surrounded by it & protein cuzingthe dramatic shape of asbestos body



Cont.. • Finding asbestos in a sputum sample only indicate the past exposer to asbestos & doesn’t indicate the presence of the disease.. • Fibrosis is first evident around respiratory bronchioles & then spread to involve alveolar ducts & alveoli.  What do u think will happen as a compansation???

Cont… • Unaffected bronchioles undergoes compensatory dilatation & the disease my develop to honeycomb lung … • It commences in the sub pleural region of the lower lobes & cuz

• Fibrosis progresses upward & inwards so that eventually the middle lobes & lower parts of upper lobe maybe effected • The mechanism by which pulmonary asbestos is not understood..

There is a theory what do u think??

It is subjected that it’s just like silica .. microphages secrete fibrogenic lysosomal enzymes or immunological factors may play a role

• Asbestos may cuz respiratory failure Due to the destruction of the lung tissue this is maybe accompanied by pulmonary hypertension ,,& corpulmonel.. High risk of carcinoma in the lung with asbestosis Half of the people having asbestosis die from lung carcinoma..

• •

Caplan syndrome is swelling (inflammation) and scarring of the lungs in people with rheumatoid arthritis who have been exposed to mining dust, such as coal, silica, or asbestos of the skin • Nodules (rheumatoid nodules) is a characteristics of this syndrome. 

The 2nd type of coworkers' pneumoconiosis biological organic dust :: 

Byssinosis - cotton dust

O th e r le ss co m e n typ e s B a u xite fib ro sis - b a u xite d u st B e ryllio sis - b e rylliu m d u st

Diagnosis Physical check up will reveal decreased chest expansion and abnormal breath sounds Pulmonary function test will reveal reduced lung capacity X-ray will confirm the presence of nodules in the lungs CT scan – presence of the nodules, and can reveal cavitation due to concomitant mycobacterium infection.

History • Taking a good history is perhaps the most important step in evaluating for CWP. Ask patients what their specific job entails in order to determine exposure to repairable coal dust. The length of time spent underground and the age at first exposure are important •

Signs and symptoms 

• Simple CWP produces no symptoms, especially in nonsmokers. Symptoms of complicated CWP include exertional dyspnea and a cough that occasionally produces inky-black sputum (when fibrotic changes undergo a vascular necrosis and their

• Other clinical features of CWP include increasing dyspnea and a cough that produces milky, gray, clear, or coal-flecked sputum. Recurrent bronchial and pulmonary infections produce yellow, green, or thick sputum.

• Complications include pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy and corpulmonale, and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). In cigarette smokers, chronic bronchitis and emphysema may also complicate the disease. •

Tretmente Stopping further exposure to dust and other lung irritants, including tobacco smoking. Cough suppressants. Antibiotics and antitubercular agents to prevent tuberculosis. These include isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide.

Chest physiotherapy to help the bronchial drainage of mucus. Oxygen administration to avoid hypoxemia. Bronchodilators to facilitate breathing •

Thanq 