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An Overview of the National agricultural Extension Strategy in Yemen (Summary of a paper presented to the Symposium on the “Agricultural Strategies fir the 21st Century, Nasser College of Agricultural Sciences, Aden University) By Dr. Khalil M. Alsharjabi Agricultural Research and Extension Authority (AREA), Dhamar P. O. Box 87148 , Republic of Yemen Email: [email protected] or [email protected]

____________________________________ During the 1970s and the 1980s of the past century, and to a less extent the 1990s, great efforts has been directed towards establishing and strengthening agricultural extension in different regions of the country. Accordingly, a large number of rural development projects included extension components as part of their overall structures. Each of the extension services developed its own organizational setup, working methodology, mechanism, and links with other institutions. Each of the extension services had also its unique scope, human and material resources, field of interest, and financial capability. This had characterized extension system in Yemen with a much variation and lack of coordination and national supervision. Efforts have been exerted to remedy the situation but little has been achieved despite the good intention and sincere efforts. Even after the establishment of AREA in 1990, there has been much confusion and uncertainty with respect to various issues relating to extension such as its institutional arrangement, financing, programming and priority setting, linkage mechanism, monitoring and evaluation and the like. In the mid-1990s, the Government declared the “Economic , Financial and Administrative Reform Program” after which the early talks and thoughts of “The Aden Agenda” has triggered too. In parallel, a similar effort had also started towards the formulation of the “National Agricultural Research Strategy”. These and other factors; national, international and regional, have induced quite large number of new concepts and propositions such as “privatization”, “sustainability”, “conservation and optimal utilization of natural resources”, “cost recovery”, “halting government subsidies to some services”, “beneficiaries’ participation” among others. The extension services, therefore, could not stay aloof of those persistent changes and compelling circumstances. The need to review extension objectives, working mechanisms, approaches and methodologies, programming, monitoring and evaluation, and to make necessary organizational, financial and administrative adjustment was loudly expressed by those concerned. 2009/10/30

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Hence, the first step towards the formulation of “the National Agricultural Extension Strategy (NAES)” has been undertaken. This has started with the preparation of “local reports” at provincial level, followed by the organization of workshop at regional level prior to the national workshop through which the final version of the strategy was reviewed and approved. The NAES reviewed the past and present situation of farm extension in the country. It has determined a number of issues relevant to the agricultural extension such as objectives, roles and responsibilities of the government and non-government sector, institutional setup, approaches and methodologies with much emphasis on the participation, sources of information for extension messages, programming, implementation, and coordination linkage mechanisms at different levels. Additionally, the NAES explained ways to enhance beneficiaries’ participation at various stages of managing extension programs. Steps to translate the NAES into action has also started through a number of activities that has taken place during the past 2 –3 years by AREA and other concerned agencies. Examples of such efforts could be best noted in the formulation of the Mid-Term Regional and National Plans derived from the NAES, the Taiz Agenda on the improvement of Research-Extension-Farmers Coordination Linkage Mechanism, the foundation of the National Extension Committee and so on and so forth. Nevertheless, since the first effort towards the formulation of the NAES and thereafter, a number of remarks had been brought up about the flaws and weaknesses that have accompanied its various stages of development and realization. Deeper scrutiny and rational review would point out to a number of imperfections such as the limited, or none, involvement of the private and cooperative sectors, the inadequacy and un-clarity of prescribing future orientation with regard to training and communication support to extension, and the institutional relationship between extension services within each major agri-ecological zones, i. e. the highlands, the coastal and the eastern regions.

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