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PRESENTED BY PAWAN SRIVASTAVA ROLL NO.-0608231065 29 SEPT 2009

GUIDED BY PRADEEP GUPTA LECTURER 1

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INTRODUCTION HISTORY BASIC CIRUIT ELEMENTS MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES FEATURES IMPLEMENTATION FUTURE ASPECTS CONCLUSION

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• Memristor is contraction of “memory resistor”. • It stores data by maintaining a particular physical state, or orientation of atoms. • Resistance depends on magnitude and polarity of the voltage applied. SYMBOL OF MEMRISTOR

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• It is the fourth passive element. • A type of electrical circuit connects capacitor, resistor, and inductor. • Information storage device. • It remembers how much current has passed through it. • By changing the amount of current, resistance can be changed. 29 SEPT 2009

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A complete quartet

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There are four fundamental circuit variables: electric current, voltage, charge, and magnetic flux. For these variables, we have resistors to relate current to voltage, capacitors to relate voltage to charge, and inductors to relate current to magnetic flux. 1.

q = ∫ idt

2.

ϕ = ∫ εdt

3.

R = dv / di

4.

C = dq / dv

5.

L = dφ / di

6.

M = dφ / dq

Memristor = memory resistor 29 SEPT 2009

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Each memristor is characterized by its memristance function describing the charge-dependent rate of change of flux with charge

dφm M (q ) = dq

From faraday's law of induction dφm / dt v (t ) M (q (t )) =

dq / dt

=

I (t )

If M(q(t)) is a constant, then we obtain OHM'S LAW R(t) = V(t)/ I(t). 29 SEPT 2009

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Solving for voltage as a function of time V (t ) = M (q (t )) I (t )

The power consumption characteristic P(t ) = V (t ) I (t ) = I 2 (t ) M (q(t ))

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As with a pipe example 

A resistor is like a pipe whose diameter is constant and limits the water flow through it accordingly.

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 A memristor is like a pipe which has the property that if water flows through it in one direction the diameter shrinks and if it flows in the other direction it expands and once water stops flowing through it, it remains the same size until water starts flowing again.

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The techniques used by HP:

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NANOIMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY 

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Stamp like structure to transfer a pattern on substrate .

NANOSCALE FABRICATION 

Self-assembly technique.



A mixture of polymers can form periodic structures on

a surface based on process of energy minimalization. 29 SEPT 2009

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Etched isolation region between wiring stacks N-doped polysilicon layer P-doped polysilicon layer Metal layer 1 (input wiring)

Si WAFER

Memristor fabrication 29 SEPT 2009

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Dielectric filter SiO2

Memristor fabrication 29 SEPT 2009

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•Remembers and associates series of events in a manner similar to the way human brain recognizes patterns. •Improved facial or biometric recognition 29 SEPT 2009

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Combination of transistors and memristors Faster, Smaller ,energy

efficient

alternative

to

FLASH

STORAGE More logic gates per unit area of chip Less heat generation 29 SEPT 2009

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SHUTDOWN Programs ended Power disconnected SHUTDOWN with MEMRISTOR Programs suspended Power disconnected “RESUME YOUR WORK AFTER SHUTDOWN INSTANTLY” 29 SEPT 2009

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 Spintronics is the use of electron spin to store information.  Its all about the spin and charge of electron communicating with each other.  Electrons can spin in two ways up or down * each spin has different energy * magnetic field affects the spins

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•With

the

help

of

memristor computer will be processing information just like the human brain. •It

will

artificial

speed

up

the

intelligence

process 29 SEPT 2009

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Concept of Memristor by Leon Chua that was made practical by Stan Williams (HP Labs) is a breakthrough in the field of electronics The current research work in HP labs shows that ―It will enable very small,i.e. nanoscale devices to be made without generating all the excess heat that scaling down transistors is causing today and thus makes chips cheaper ―It will eliminate RAM from computers ―Eliminate rebooting function from computers 29 SEPT 2009

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