Pather Panjali

al-Ømb kn\n-a-Ifn-eqsS Hcp bm{X

]tY¿ ]m©men hnP-b-Ip-am¿ ªmØq¿

_wKm-fnse {]ikvX t\mh-enÃmb hn`qXn `qj¨_m-\¿Pn-bpsS Hcp ]pkvX-I-Øn\v ]pdw-N´ hc-°p-Ibm-bn-cp∂ kXy-PnXv dmbv F∂ Cekvt{S-‰¿ B ]pkvX-I-Ønse IYm-]m{X-ß-sf-s°m≠v ']tY¿ ]m©men' F∂ kn\na Xo¿°p- ∂ - X n- \ p≈ km≤y-X-I-fmWv {i≤n-®-Xv. AXp-hscbpw ]c- k y- I - º - \ n- I ƒ°mbn tPmen sNøp-I-bm-bn-cp∂ dmbv kplrØp-°-tfm-sSm∏w I¬°-Ø-bn¬ Hcp ^nenw skmssk‰n D≠m°n temI ¢mkn-°p-Iƒ I≠pw hne-bn-cp-Ønbpw \S-°p∂ Hcp kn\nam Bkzm-Z-I≥ am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. 1949¬ temI-{]-ikvX kwhn-[mb-I-\mb sdt\m-b¿ ˛Zn dnh¿˛ F∂ kn\n- a - b psS Nn{Xo- I - c - W - Ø n- \ mbn I¬°- Ø - b n- s e- Ø n- b n- c p- ∂ p. jq´nßn\v ]‰nb CS-߃ Im´n-s°m-Sp-°m\mbn IqsS IqSnb dmbv Xs‚ a\knse kn\na sdt\m-b-dp-ambn ]¶p-

\n¿Ωn-°m-\p≈ {ia-hp-ambn dmbv ]e hgn-Ifpw tXSn. Ah-km\w kplr-Øp°- f psS klm- b - h pw, Xs‚ k¿∆kzhpw hn‰pw ]W-b-s∏-Sp-Ønbpw ISw hmßnbpw kzcq- ] n® ]W- h p- a mbn Nn{Xo-I-c-W-am-cw-`n-®p. ]pXp-ap-J-°mcmb \So-\S- ≥amcpw sSIv\o-jy≥am-cpw. IqsS kplr- Ø mb Iyma- d m- a m≥ kp{_tXm an{Xbpw Iem kwhn-[m-bI-\mb _≥kn N{µ-Kp-]vX-bpw.

sh-®p. B kulrZw dmbpsS kn\nam Pohn-X-Øn-te-°p≈ hmXn¬ Xpd-∂p. tPmen kw_-‘-ambn e≠-\n-te°v bm{Xbv°v Ah-kcw e`n-®-t∏mƒ dmbv `mcy-tbm-sSm∏w kt¥m-j-]q¿∆w ]pd-s∏-´Xv kn\n-a-sb∂ {]Xo-£-bnem-Wv. aq∂p-am-ksØ Xma-k-Øn-\n-Sbn¬ sXmÆq‰n H≥]Xv temI-kn-\n-aIƒ At±lw I≠p. AXn-\n-S-bn-emWv C‰m-en-b≥ kwhn-[m-b-I-\mb hnt‰mdntbm Unko-°-bpsS'ss_kn-°nƒ Xohvkv ' F∂ kn\na Bt±-lsØ icn°pw ]nSn®p Ipep-°n-b-Xv. \ntbm dnb-enÃnIv CXn-lm-k-amb B kn\na-bpsS ssien-bn¬ Xs∂ ']tY¿ ]m©men'Hcp-°-W-sa∂v dmbv a\ n¬ Ipdn-®p. \m´n-te-°p≈ aS-°-bm{X-bn¬ I∏-en¬ sh®p Xs∂ Cekvt{S-j≥ kln-X-ap≈ hni-Z-amb Xnc°Y Fgp-Xn -Xo¿Øp.

1951se Zkd Zn\-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p ']tY¿ ]m©men'bpsS BZy-tjm´v Nn{Xo-Ic- n-®X - v. A]phpw tN®n Zp¿§bpw IqSn ]qØp \n¬°p∂ IW-b≥ ]p√pIƒ°n-S-bn-eqsS AIse \n∂pw ]pIXp∏n InX®v hcp∂ Xoh≠n ImWm\mbn HmSp∂ Zriyw! 1957¬ 'ssk‰v B‚ v ku≠v 'F∂ {]kn-≤o-I-c-WØn\p \¬Inb A`n-ap-J-Øn¬ dmbv Xs‚ BZym-\p-`hw ]¶p-sh-°p-∂p-≠v.

']mX-bpsS ]m´v 'F∂mWv ]tY¿ ]m©m- e n- b psS A¿∞w. kn\na

"BZy- t jm´v Rm≥ Ct∏mgpw Hm¿°p-∂p. Hcpƒ `oXn˛a\- n¬ ]ncns^{_p-hcn 2008

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ap-dp°w ˛ jq´nwKv ]ptcm-K-an-®t∏mƒ dnem-Ivkm-bn. Ah-km-\n-®t∏m- t g°pw Bfl- { ]- l ¿jhpw."{KmaoW \njv I - f - ¶ - X bpw \mK- c n- I - X - b psS {]tem- ` - \ hpw shfn- h m- ° p∂ Cu H‰- t jm´v ']tY¿ ]m©men'F∂ kn\n- a bpsS BsI-ØpI Xs∂-bm-Wv. ]Ww-Xo¿∂-tXmsS jq´nwßpw \ne-®p. ]n∂oSv dmbpsS At]- £ - { ]- I mcw A∂sØ _wKmƒ apJy-a-{¥n-bmb _n.-kn.tdmbv {KmaoW tdmUp-I-fpsS A‰Ip-‰-∏-Wn-°p-th-≠n-bp≈ ^≠n¬ \n∂pw hI- a m‰n \¬Inb klmbw sIm≠mWv kn\na ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-b-Xv. {KmaoW PohnX-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Hcp tUmIypsa‚dnbmWv kXy- P nXv dmbv \n¿Ωn-°p∂sX∂m-bn-cp∂p kXyØn¬ apJy-a{¥n [cn-®-Xv. 1955¬ {]Z¿i-\-Øn-s\-Ønb ']tY¿ ]m©men' icn°pw temIw Iog-S°n°f-™p. `mc-XØn\v A`n-am-\m¿l-amb HcnSw temI-kn-\n-a-bn¬ t\Sn-sb-Sp-Øp. IqSmsX sd\- b ¿, tKmZm¿Zv , _¿Kvam≥ ,Iptdm-tkmh XpS-ßnb hntizm-Øc Ne-®n-{X-Im-c≥am-cpsS \nc-bn-te°v kXy-PnØv dmbpw Db¿Ø-s∏-´p.

28 imkv{X-tI-cfw

krjvSn-°-s∏-Sp∂ ko\p-Iƒ°v ]Icw˛ dnb-en-Ãn-°mb Iptd-sbsd Zriyß- f n- e qsS Hcp IpSpw- _ - Ø ns‚ PohnXw hc®p ImWn-°p-I-bmWv dmbv Cu kn\n-a-bn¬. hnP-bn-°mØ Hcp \mSI FgpØp-Im-c\pw, ip`m]vXn hnizm-knbpw, km[p-hp-amb Hcp {_m“-W-\mWv lcnl-¿. IW-s°-gp-Øp-Im-c-\mbn h√t∏mgpw e`n-°p∂ ]Wnbpw sshZnI hrØn- b n- e qsS Nne- t ∏mƒ In´p∂ Z£n-W-bp-sams° IqSn-bp≈ Xp—amb hcp-am-\-Øn-emWv Abm-fpsS IpSpw_w Pohn-°p-∂-Xv. Hcp ImeØv Ah-cpsS ssIbn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ IpSpw_- k z- s Øms° Ab¬°m- c - \ mb _‘p-hn-t‚-Xm-Wn-t∏mƒ. `mcy ktcm-_vPbpw Ipkr-Xn-°mcn-bmb aIƒ Zp¿§bpw AΩm-bn-bmb Inghn ']njn'bpw AS- ß n- b - X mWv IpSpw-_w. h¿j-ß-fmbn A‰-Ip-‰-∏-WnIƒ \S- Ø msX ImSv ]nSn®pw XI¿∂pw hogmdmb ho´n- e m- W - h ¿ Xma-kn-°p-∂-Xv.

_wKm-fnse Hcp {Kma-Ønt‚bpw Zcn-{Z-amb Hcp IpSpw-_-Øns‚bpw ImgvN-I-fmWv ]mtY¿]m©m-en-bn¬ \mw ImWp-∂-Xv.

]d- º n¬ \n∂v Zp¿§ ]g- ß ƒ tamjvSn-s®∂v ]d™v iIm-cn-°p∂ Ab¬°m-cn-bn¬ \n∂mWv kn\na Bcw-`n-°p-∂Xv. t]c-°bpw ]g-hpsams° sIm≠ph∂v Ing- h n- b mb ]njn- b p- a mbn ]¶p- s h- ° p- ∂ p- a p- ≠ v Zp¿§. ]njn-bmWv Zp¿§-bpsS Zp»o-e߃°v hfw sh°p-∂-sX∂v ]d™v ktcm_v P hr≤- b mb ]njnsb ho´n¬ \n∂v ]pd-Øm-°p-∂p-t]m-ep-ap≠v.

AXp- h - s c- b p- ≠ m- b n- c p∂ kn\nam ioe-ß-fn¬ \n∂v hyXykvX-am-bn˛ 'Hcp IY' Cu kn\n-abn-en-√. Pohn-X-Ønse hyXykvX \nan- j - ß - f psS Imgv N - ° m- c mWv t{]£-I¿.IYm-hn-Im-k-Øn-\mbn

Zp¿§bv°v Hc-\p-P≥ ]nd-°p-∂p. A]p . h¿j- ß - f n- e qsS Ip™p߃s°m∏w hf-cp-∂Xv Zmcn{Zyw am{Xam-Wv. IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬ IjvS-∏m-Sp-Ifm- W n- t ∏mƒ. Iuam- c - ° m- c nbmbn°gn™p Zp¿§. Ah-fpsS ka-

{]m-b° - m-cpsS hnhm-lß - ƒ \S∂p XpSßn. Ab¬°m-cn-bpsS aI-fpsS apØpame ImWp- t ºmƒ sImXn- t bmsS t\m°p∂ Zp¿§sb \ap°v ImWmw. tPmen tXSn-t∏mb lcn-l-dns‚ hnh-c-sam-∂p-an-√. ]m{X-߃ hn‰v AcnjvSn®v Ign-bp-I-bmWv ktcm-_vP. \√h-fmb Hc-b¬°mcn CSbv°v klmbn- ° p- ∂ p- ≠ v . A`n- a m- \ - t _m[w klmbw tNmZn- ° p- ∂ - X n¬ \n∂v ktcm-_vPsb XS-bp-∂p-≠v˛]e-t∏mgpw˛ ]t£ ]´nWn F√m kzm`n-am-\sØbpw A¿∞cln- X - a m- ° pw. XI¿Øp-s]-øp∂ ag-bn-eqsS \S∂p hcp∂ ktcm_vP sXmSn-bn¬ hoWp InS-°p∂ Hcp tXß Bcpw ImWmsX FSp-°p-∂Xv \ap°v ImWmw. l¿tjm-∑m-Z-tØmsS ag-bm-kz-Zn°p-I-bmWv A]p-hn-s\m∏w Zp¿§. ]\n ]nSn®v InS-∏n-em-Ip-∂p. sImSp-¶m‰pw agbpw D≈ cm{Xn-bn¬ tNm¿s∂m-en°p∂ IpSn- e n¬ \n - l m- b bmb ktcm-_vP-bpsS aSn-bn¬ InS∂v Zp¿§ acn-°p-∂p. lcn- l ¿ Xncn- s ®- Ø p- t ºmƒ ImWp-∂Xv XI¿∂-Sn™ hoSm-Wv. aI-

fpsS ac-Ww˛ lcn-l-dns\ ]pXnb Xocp-am-\s- a-Sp-°m≥ \n¿_-‘n-X\ - m-°p∂p. F√m thcp-I-fp-a-dpØv \K-c-Ønte°v IpSpw_hp- s amØv sXmgn¬ tXSn bm{X- b m- c w- ` n- ° p- ∂ n- S ØmWv kn\na Ah-km-\n-°p-∂-Xv. 'A]p-{Xbw' F∂ aq∂p kn\n-aI-fnse H∂mw kn\n-a-bmb ]mtY¿ ]m©m- e n- b n¬ ('A- ] - c m- P n- t Xm', 'A]p¿ k≥km¿' F∂n-h-bmWv a‰p ≈h) kn\na-bpsS Ah-km-\-am-Iptºm-tg°pw A]p-hns‚ am\-kn-I-amb hf¿®-bpsS Hcp L´w dmbv kqNn∏n®p sh°p-∂p-≠v. Ab¬°mcnbpsS aI- f psS ame Zp¿§ tamjv S n- s ®∂v ]cmXn ]d- b p- t ºmƒ˛ ktcm_v P h√msX A]-am-\n-X-bm-Ip-∂p≠v. Zp¿§bpsS apSn-°p-Øn¬ ]nSn®v hen-®n-g®v Ahsf hmXn-en\p ]pd-tØ°v X≈p∂p-≠-h¿.Zp¿§ B ame tamjvSn-®n-cn°n-s√∂mWv t{]£-I¿ Icp-Xp-I. ]s£ Zp¿§-bpsS ac-W-tijw _\md- k n- t e°v IpSpw_w bm{X- s °mcpßpw apºv km[-\-߃ Xnc-bp∂ Iq´-Øn¬ sj¬^n\p apI-fn¬ Nnc-´bn¬ Hfn-®p-sh® ame A]p Is≠Øp-∂p. kpJ-I-c-a-√mØ B kXyw DS≥ ad®p If-bm≥ A]p ame IpfØn-te°v hen-s®-dn-bp-∂p. Cu kn\n-a-bnse c≠p ac-W-ß-

tfbpw dmbv Ah-X-cn-∏n-®Xv hyXykvX Xc-Øn-em-Wv. ho´n¬ \n∂pw ]pd-Øm°nb hr≤ Ipf-Øn-\-cn-Inse apf-¶q´- Ø n- \ - S pØv Ip¥n- ® n- c n- ° p∂Xv Zp¿§bmWv BZyw ImWp-∂-Xv. Zp¿§ ]njnsb Ipep°n hnfn- ° p- t ºmƒ Ah¿ sNcn-™v \netØ°v hogp-∂p. Xe \ne-Ø-Sn-°p∂ i_vZw sIm≠p Xs∂ dmbv acWw Nn{Xo-I-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ Pzc- a q¿®- b n¬ InS°p∂ Zp¿§-bpsS acWw hfsc \mSIo-b-am-bmWv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Nodnb-Sn-°p∂ Im‰pw Cf-In-bm-Sp∂ {Zhn® hmXn¬]m-fn-Ifpw CSn-an-∂epw Hs° IqSnb Hcp ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬! ']mX-bpsS ]m´n¬ ' ˛ Hmtcm Zriyhpw lrZ-b-Øn-te°v IS-Øn-hn-Sm≥ chn-i-¶-dns‚ A`ua kwKoXw IqSn klm-bn-°p-∂p-≠v. Idp∏pw shfp∏pw sIm≠v IhnX hncn- b n- ° p- I - b mWv kp{_tXm an{X-sb∂ Ombm-{Km-lI≥.

Cu kn\na ]Xn-s\m∂v A¥¿t±iob _lp-a-Xn-I-fmWv hmcn-°q-´n-b-Xv. AXn¬ Gsd {][m- \ - s ∏- ´ - X mWv 1956se 'Im≥ Ne-®n-t{Xm-’-h'-Øn¬ t\Snb ' s_Ãv lyqa¨ tUmIypsa‚n- '\p≈ kv s ]jy¬ Pqdn ]pckvImcw ☯ s^{_p-hcn 2008

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