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kl5Nnf] k':tfsf] :jefj / k|j[lQsf] ljZn]if0f lgs} pRrtxsf] 5 / …cfkm\gf] d]xgt / sd{n] efUosf] wf/nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ vf]Hg] s0f{ lzIff–bLIffsf] ;'TnLnfO{ afnL g} /xg'kg]{Ú eGg] l;4fGtsf c'gofoL 5g\ eg] …cg'ej v]/ kmfNg' x'“b}gÚ eGg] ;Gb]z lbG5g . of] ;Gb]z j:t'tM b]zelQmsf] pbfx/0f eGg dg nfU5 dnfO{ . s0f{ zfSodf dgk¥of] eg] c¿af6 l;Sg] Pp6f csf]{ /fd|f] u'0f 5 . o;f] x]bf{ pgdf of] u'0f x'g' cgf}7f] nfU5 . of] lstfjdf …ljt/s 86 sdÚ jf6 clek|]l/t eO{ lgj[Q k|s[ltljb\, r/fljb\, jg:kltljb\, k'tnLljb\x¿nfO{ Jofj;flos cj;/sf lglDt …g]kfn g]r/ 86 sdÚ sf] :yfkgf / ;~rfng u/]sf] 36gf :ki6 pNn]v 5 . pgsf] of] /rgf k9]kl5 ko{6gzf:qsf] h/fb]lv 6'Kkf];Dd ;Dk"0f{ a]nLla:tf/ 5fKg ;Sg] j}lzi7\o s0f{df e]l6G5 / s0f{nfO{ ko{6g zf:qsf kl08t eGgx'G5 . ljZj ko{6g pBd ;w}+ rf/j6f c+u|]hLsf] 'S' ;g\, :of08, ;L / ;]S; -;"o{, afn'jf, ;d'b| / of}g_ df c8]sf] 5 . t;y{ …sGe]G;gnÚ ko{6gdf g]kfn h:tf] u/La d'n's tLa| k|lt:k4f{df ca l6Sg ;Qm}g eGg] lgisif{df k'Ug] s0f{ zfSosf] o:fsf] ljsNkdf …casf a9L dfG5]x¿ s[lqd ko{6gdf eGbf klg k|fs[lts ko{6gdf cfslif{t ePsf] 7DofO{ 5 .Ú o:sf lglDt …g]kfnsf] ahf/ w]/} 7"nf] 5Ú eGb} …o:tf] d'n's cGt sx“f kfpg' <Ú eGg] k|Zg /fV5g\ pgL . xf]t lg g]kfn …yf]/}df w]/} kfOg], ;fgf]df 7"nf] kfOg]Ú b]z xf] eG5g\ / cgluGtL k|fs[lts ;Dkbf / ljljwtf k|:t't u5{g\ . o:fsf] tfTko{ …yf]/} e"–efu t/ w]/} ;Dkbf xf]Ú g]kfnsf] ljz]iftf . s0f{n] Pp6f rfvnfUbf] 36gf o;df ;dfj]z u/]/ …cGt pkb]z lbg]dfq xf]Og cfkm}+ sx“f klg bafj lbgÚ k|s[lt ;+/If0fsf ufGwL ;'Gb/nfn ax'u'0ff;“u …xfdL xfd|f] ;/sf/nfO{ hËn s6fg gug{ bafj lbG5f}+ tkfOn] cfkm\gf] ;/sf/nfO{ g]kfnaf6 j}w / rf]/Laf6 klg sf7 glsGg bafj lbg ;Sg'x'G5 < eGg] ;fx;sf ;fy xflb{s cfu|x u/]sf] s'/f /f]rs kf/fdf o;df /fv]sf 5g\ . u}+8f, af3, 3l8ofn uf]xL cfkm"n] x]g{ kfP klg ltJatL lnª\S;, gofg, Sofg hftsf uwf, ltJjtL xl/0f x]g{ gkfp“bf cfkm\gf] efUonfO{ bf]if lbg] s0f{ zfSo …hLjzf:qL 8f= s/0f zfxn] pkNnf] d':tfªsf] bfdf]b/ s'08sf] kl/;/df tL / P06]nk k|f0fL b]v] /]Ú eg]sf] ;'Gbf s0f{ zfSon] b]Vg gkfP klg s/0f zfxn] b]v]sf]df k|;Ggtf JoQm u5{g\ . 293

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k|fs[lts ko{6gsf ckf/ cj;/x¿ xfd|f /}yfg] (Endemic) ko{6gdf pknAw ePsf] 5 . o:tf]df Ps}kN6 x\jf/x\jftL{ ko{6s cfp“b}gg\, /}yfg] ko{6g …df; 6'l/hdÚ xf]Og . o;df ;f}lvg / s'g} ljifoj:t'pk/ cToGt rfv /fVg] wgf9\o / hf]l;nf ko{6sdfq cfp“5g\ eGg] lgisif{df k'Ug] s0f{ zfSo jf:tjdf …qmfOl;; 6'l/hdÚ df ;+Vofsf] tfTko{ /x“b}g eGb} e"t x]g]{ / eL/d}/Lsf] dx sf8\g] h:tf cb\e't b[Zo x]g{ w]/} cfp“5g\ eG5g\ . Pp6} l6«kdf t]O;b]lv tL; hftsf nflnu'/“f;, #*) eGbf a9L hftsf r/f, w]/}yl/ ;'gufef, ;+;f/s} #^ k|ltzt klkh k"mnx¿ x]/]/ cfNxflbt x'g kfOG5 g]kfndf . sfnLu08sLsf zfnLu|fdsf] cWoog u/fpg ;lsG5 eg] sfnLu08sL gbL lsgf/sf] jfl/kfl/ kfOg] cb\e't t/ km/s h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;'Id cWoog t cem ug{ a“fsL g} 5 eG5g\ s0f{ . ;Ld;f/sf dgdf]xs ljljw b[Zo / eL/ df}/Lsf] dx sf8]sf] /f]df~rs b[Zo a|Dxf08df cGoq sx“f x]g{ kfOG5 eGg] k|Zg u5{g\ s0f{ zfSo . cd]l/sfdf r/f cg'/fuL df]6fx¿sf] …k\mof6 j8{/Ú gfdsf] ;+:yf g} 5 . k};f k|z:t 5, df]6fP/ hËnleq lx“8\g} g;Sg] df]6f wgf9\ox¿sf] …r/f x]g]{ ;f]v k"/f ug{Ú sqf] cj;/ 5 ox“f < eGg] s0f{ zfSo …k|s[lt–kof{j/0fdfÚ cfwfl/t o:tf] /}yfg] ko{6g cjZo g} dx“uf] x'G5 t/ o:tfdf ;xefuL x'g] ko{6s kfOG5g\ h:fn] k|s[ltljb\x¿nfO{ kfN5 . o;sf] ;Defjgf g]kfndf cgGt 5 eGg]df ljZj:t 5g\ . …sfd u/ kmnsf] cfzf gu/Ú sf] l;4fGt cfhsf] dfG5]sf nflu slt ;Dej xf]nf < egL s0f{ zfSo k|Zg u5{g\ . cfk"mn] u/]sf sfd pNn]v ubf{ gkTofpnfg\, km6fxf eGnfg\, Wjf“; lbg] dfG5] klg eGnfg\ eGg] cfz+sf ug]{ s0f{ …c¿n] s] eGnfÚ egL cfkm"n] u/]sf vf; vf; sfd pNn]v gug'{ klg Oltxf;sf] g} lgd{d xTof ug'{ xf]Og / < egL k|Zg u5{g\ / eG5g\ …zAba|xdÚ h:tf] …sd{a|DxÚ klg zfZjt\ ;To g} xf]Og / < cfk\mg} af/]df k|;Ë sf]6\ofpb} ;fgf] c“fvf, 7"nf cf]7, eLp“6] d'v, u'06]–u'06], k'8\s–] k8\s] zf/Ll/s kl/rosf n3'tfefifu|:t s0f{ zfSo ci6«]lnof k9\g uPkl5 Pp6L v'a} /fd|L cGt/Ë ;fyL Dofsf]/L xfp;sf] xf]:6]nsL …Dofs'/L SjLgÚ n] cfkm\gf] cfTdljZjf; hufPsf]df pgLk|lt s[t1 5g\ . cfkm\gf] af}l4s ;f“3'/f]kgaf6 km/flsnf] 294

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kfg]{ csL{ Pp6L dlxnfk|lt klg s0f{ s[ts[To 5g\ . pgn] ;flxTo ljwfdf kL=Pr=8L ubf{ cfkm"n] lbPsf ;'emfjsf] k|;Ën] cfkm\gf] cfTdljZjf; bl/nf] ePsf] pgnfO{ ljZjf; ePsf] /] . s0f{sf cg';f/ …cfk"m pk/ g} e/f];f / ljZjf; ge} s:n] s] ug{ ;S5 / <Ú Pp6f ;kmn pBdL aGg s] s:tf lgod kfngf ug'{knf{ eGg] jfl0fHo Joj:yfkgsL :gfts txsL Pp6L 5fqfsf k|Zgaf6 s0f{ zfSon] …cfk"mn] sfd ug{ / u/fpg hfGg'kg]{ 7x/ u/]sf 5g\Ú eg] ;kmn pBdL of ;Gtf]ifL pBdL aGg s] s] x'g'k5{ egL Pp6f dgf]ut lx;fasf] kmd"{nf k|ltztdf a“f8]/ ;df ;dj]t u/fPsf 5g\ . dnfO{ nfU5 o; kmd"{nfsf] j}1flgs / dgf]j}1flgs ljj]rgf cfjZos 5 . lhGbuLdf slxNo} klg gn8\g' 7"nf] s'/f xf]Og t/ n8]/ p7\g' 7"nf] s'/f xf]Æ eGg] lrlgo“f bfz{lgs sGk\mo"l;o;sf] egfO{ p4/0f u/]/ s0f{n] sfd ug]{af6} e"n–uNtL x'G5 eGb} …lhTg]n] slxNo} 5f]8\b}g, 5f]8\g]n] slxNo} lhTb}gÚ eGg] egfOsf] ;dy{g u/]sf 5g\ . s0f{sf] Pp6f ;"q 5, …cfkm"n] ;DxfNg g;Sg] sfddf slxNo} xft gxfNg] .Ú hl6n cy{Joj:yfkgsf s'/f cfkm\gf] lbdfudf g3':g] cfTdfnf]rgf ub}{ k};f ePsf a]nfdfq pBf]u Jofkf/ ug]{ s'/f s0f{n] o;df pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ h;n] ubf{ pgn] cg]sf}+ tgfjaf6 pGd'lQm kfPsf 5g\ . …lhGbuL u'nfasf] /x/ nfUbf] km"ndfq xf]Og, k"mn;“u} x'g] s“f8f klg xf]Ú eGg] s6';To a'em]sf s0f{ zfSo lhGbuLsf] d"n nIo ljsf; / ;DkGgtfdfq xf]Og dfgl;s ;'v klg xf] eGg] dfG5g\ . pgsf] …b'Mvdf ;'v vf]Hg] / r'gf}tLaf6 k|ult ug]{Ú OR5f / nIo ePsf] x'“bf s'g} ;dodf b'Mv ef]Ubfef]Ub} clxn] cfkm\g} vfn] ;'vdo hLjgofkg ul//x]sf] s'/f pNn]v 5 o;df . o; lstfjsf] uf“7L s'/f o;sf] kl5Nnf] / c7f/f}+ kl/R5]bdf c6fpg vf]lhPsf] 5 / pgsf] hLjg—bz{g 5 o;df . of] s[lt nueu tof/ e};Sg nfu]sf] a]nf s0f{ zfSosf] cs:dft\ 9f8 b'V5 / lgs} lj/fdL k5{g\ . g]kfnd} pkrf/ yfN5g\, x'g;Dd u5{g\ oxL“ . t/ /f]u lgdg gx'“bf / SofG;/;Ddsf] z+sf x'b“ f a}+ss k'u]sf], la/fdL kbf{ g8/fP klg stf–stf lge{o eg] x'g g;s]sf] oyfy{ a8f] snfk"0f{ kf/fdf pNn]v 5 . Tox“fsf] Pp6f c:ktfn k'Ubf …xf]6]n lsg < c:ktfn hfg nfu]sf]Ú eGg] lh1f;fdf 8«fOe/n] …of] c:ktfn} xf] xf]6]n xf]OgÚ eg]sf] s'/f cgf}7f] kf/fsf] nfU5 . s:tf] xlu < c:ktfn klg xf]6]n h:tf] † hLjgdf u/]sf sfdaf6 r/d ;Gt'i6 / go“f ;kgf a“FsL g/x]sf], t;y{ cfk"m t'of{j:yfdf k'u]sf] cfTdfg'e"lt ug{ ;s]sf]n] …d[To' :jfefljs xf]Ú eGg] 6'¨f]df k'u]sf] :jLsf5{g\ s0f{ . …afa' 295

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la/fdL, 5f]/f ;2]Ú oL b'O{ k|f0fLn] Pp6fn] csf]{sf] dg /fVg, v'zL /fVg ul/Psf k|of; la:doaf]ws z}nLdf pNn]v 5 o;df . cflv/df olb xf8df …SofG;/} ePsf] /x]5 eg] klgÚ sf7df8f}+ uP/ 6ld{gn SofG;/ la/fdLx¿sf] ;d"x agfpg], To;dfk{mt cfk\mg} vfnsf ;fdflhs sfd ug]{ c7f]6 d[To' dflysf] ljhosf] cj:yf xf] eGg] nfU5 dnfO{ . o;df oL s'/f pNn]v ub}{ s0f{ zfSon] o;}df sflGtk'/df k"/f Ps k]hsf] lj1fkg lbg …cfk\mg} dgsf] ;]tf] sfutdfÚ Pp6f d;f}bf sf]/]sf] x[bo:kzL{ s'/f n]v]sf 5g\ . To;sf] d;f}bf ;d]t 5 o;df . …o;f] ubf{Ú pgL eG5g\ …ef]ln s] xf]nf eGg] 8/ ufoa eof] .Ú ef]lnkN6 laxfg} 8fS6/sx“f h“fbf d]/f] …af]g :Soflgª laNs'n 7Ls /x]5Ú eGg] ;'Gbf v'zLsf] nx/ x7ft\ 5rNs]sf] s'/f ox“f pNn]v 5 . !( jif{dfq pd]/ km/s ePsf s0f{ / pgsf h]7f 5f]/f ;'gLn of] l/kf]6{ ;'g]kl5 ckf/ xif{n] ljef]/ eO{ cËfnf] df/]/ aflx/ lg:s]sf] efj's If0fsf] s'/f 5 oxf“ . ha af]g :Soflgªdf s]xL g/fd|f] e]§fOPg ta s0f{sf] cfkm\gf] ;f]r / sfo{qmdsf] Ph]08f g} kl/jt{g x'g yfn]5 . x'g t k|f]:6]6sf] afof]K;L ug{eg] a“fsL g} lyof] t}klg s]xL e}xfn] klg cf7 bz jif{ 8/ dfGg gkg]{ x'“bf ca s0f{ zfSo bzjif]{ of]hgf agfpg tNnLg eP5g\ . of] k|f]:6]6 afof]K;Lsf] rSs/df Ps ;ftf kv{g kbf{ cfkm\gf] ;DklQk|lt nf]e / t[i0ff Go"g x'g yfn]5 / pgn] ;Dk"0f{ ;DklQ 5f]8\g ;Sg] v'aL sdfP5g\ l;4fGtdf . jf:tjdf ;'vL hLjgsf] of] cr's ;"q g} xf]Og / < sfG5L 5f]/LnfO{ x'sf{pg Eofpg] ePkl5 s0f{ eG5g\ …d[To' zAb;“u 8/ nfu]g .Ú cfk\mgL cfdfsf] d[To'af/]sf] wf/0ff …dg'{ eg]sf] hLpsf] n'uf km]/] h:t} xf], csf]{ hLpdf u}xfN5' lgÚ eGg] ;Dem]5g\ . …csf]{ hGddf ljZjf; ug]{x¿sf nflu d[To' slt ;/n ÛÚ eG5g\ s0f{ . pgL km]l/ eG5g\ …/ d/]kl5 ;a} z"Go eGg]x?sf nflu /x]5 d[To'af/] 8/ .Ú afof]K;L ug]{ lbg cfOk'u]5 . t/ cfkm\gf] dgdf s'g} 8/ / qf; lyPg eG5g\ pgL . a¿ Tox“fsf] cf]=6L=sf] cj:yf x]bf{ pgnfO{ nfu]5 …g]kfndf o:t} cf]6L agfpg ;s] <Ú cflv/ s0f{ zfSo g xf] † …/ftL lrGtfn] lgb|f cfp“b}g lsÚ egL 8fS6/n] lgGb|fsf] cf]vtL lbg vf]h]sf /x]5g\ . t/ s0f{ olt anjfg\ e};s]5g\ To;a]nf cf}iflw gvfOsg g} /fd|/L lgbfP5g\ . …SofG;/ /x]5 eg] s] ug]{, /x]g5 eg] s] ug]{ <Ú egL ;Lldt cfo' / eljiosf cfwf/df efjL Ph]08f agfP5g\ . ;sf/fTds b[li6n] To:tf] ;f]Rbf /dfOnf] eP5 pgnfO{ . …jf:tljstfsf] ;fdgf ug{ tof/ x'“bf s'g}klg 36gf 7"nf] nfUbf] /x]g5Ú eGg] s0f{ zfSoaf6 l;ls“bf] /x]5 . of] k':tssf] cf}lrTo klg o;}df xf]nf .

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s0f{sf] k|f]:6]6 afof]K;L l/kf]6{df SofG;/ b]lvPg5, clg ;a} v'zL s0f{, s0f{sf 5f]/fdfq xf] / :jo+ 8fS6/ ;d]t Û Psflaxfg} . 8fS6/ / la/fdL aLrsf] efjgfTds ;DaGwsf] s0f{sf] j0f{g lanIf0f 5 hf] cIf/df ptfg{ ;Dej 5}g . o;sf lglDt lstfj} k9\g' k5{ ta g 8fS6/, 8fS6/ x'G5 . gq t xTof/f e}xfNYof]] lg Û xiff{lt/]ssf] cj0f{gLo Tof] jftfj/0f aLrsf] v'zL 5f]/f ;'gLnsf c“fvfaf6 cs:dft To;a]nf v;]sf df]6f / afSnf tftf b'O{ yf]kf cfF;'leqsf] :g]x / ;Gtf]if efjflt/]s txsf 5g\ c¿ eGg ;ls“b}g . k|:t't lstfkdf cGTosf b'O{ kftfdf jl0f{t c:ktfnsf] sf]7f, em\ofn, j/k/sf uugr'DaL ejg, gLnf–sfnf–;]tf P]gdf k/]sf gj;"o{sf] ls/0fsf k|ltljDax¿df s0f{n] Tof] lbgsf] k|eftLdf cGtx[{bonfO{ cfNxflbt kfg]{ s] s] sdgLo 56f / /]vf b]v] / df]lxt eP–h:nfO{ pgn] …lbJobz{gÚ sf] ;+1f lbPsf 5g\– To;sf] ;dLIff daf6 ;Dej 5}g . ef]lnkN6 Tof] b[Zo gbf]xf]l/g' g} cl3Nnf] lbgsf] b[Zo …lbJobz{gÚ x'g uPsf] xf] h:tf] nfU5 . cGoyf b}lgs / nf}lss bz{g x'GYof] . o:tf] ck"j{, csNkgLo, cnf}lss / lanIf0f ;“lu|nf n]v]/, eg]/ xf]Og cg'ej ubf{dfq /;:jfbg x'G5, hf] s0f{ zfSon] u/] . s0f{k|lt d]/f] v'Nb'nL Pp6f s'/fdf cem} a“fsL g} 5 …olb s0f{n] km/]i6«L k|s[lt_ gk9]sf eP pgL s] x'Gy] xf]nfg\ .Ú olQ xf] .

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k|fy{gf / cfu|x ub{5' . =========cfzf 5 s'g} lbg tkfO{;“u cjZo e]6 x'g]5 / …;f]rÚ df k9] h:t} st{Jo / af]wn] el/k"0f{, d]x]gt, kl;gf / >dn] cf]tkf]t, clg ;dfh«k|lt OdfGbf/ cfb/0fLo s0f{ zfSonfO{ b]Vg ;s'“, 5'g ;s'“ / af]w ug{ ;s'“ . x'g t d sfg'gsf] ljBfyL{ -dfgjflwsf/_ Pn Pn Pd x'“ . k'gf ef/taf6 ev{/} kl9 l;WofP/ cfPsf] . To;n] k|s[lt / ko{6gh:tf ljifox?df clt sd dfq} hfgsf/Lx? 5g d ;“u . tkfO{sf] k|s[ltk|]d / ;lhjtf ;“usf] df]xaf6 ef/tLo d]gsf uflGw, hf] c;fWo} k|s[lt k|]dL / hgfj/ ;+/If0fsf nflu sfd ul5{g ;“u} t'ngf ug{ dg nfu]sf] 5 dnfO{ . k9fO{s} qmddf Animal welfare and animal rights sf] af/]df ;f]wkq n]vL/x“bf d]gsf ufGwLnfO{ k9g] df}sf kfPsf] lyP d}n] . x'g t tkfO{ h:tf] JolQmn] k|s[ltk|]dsf] of] kf6f]nfO{ cjZo} cfTdaf]w ug{'ePsf] xf]nf, t/ stf stf olt ;'gfp“g kfp“bf v'zL eO/x]5' d . of] If]qdf k|z:t sfd ug{'kg{] 68\sf/f] cfjZostf 5, af“sL ljZjn] o;nfO{ Pp6f cfGbf]ngsf] ?kdf cl3 a9fPsf 5g\ . dfq g]kfn o;df cgle1 ag]sf] 5 . d tkfO{ h:tf] JolQmaf6} o; If]qdf s]xL x'g ;S5 / ug{'k5{ eGg] ljrf/ /fV5' . tkfO{af6 ;bf;otf k|fKt eO e]6\g] df}sf kfP v'zL x'g] lyP . tkfO{af6 OR5fPsf] ljifo leq of] ljifo kg{ ;s] e]6df c? s'/f ug{ ;Sg] lyP .

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k'/:sf/sf] lglDt kfp“m df]Ng' lxts/ klg 5}g . Pp6f s'/f egf}–æef]lnsf lbgdf ;f]rsf] j[tfGtdf, k|z+u kf/]/ s;}n] k'/:sf/ lbof] eg] ;Ddfgk"j{s cl:jsf/ ug{' >]o:s/ xf]nf .Æ of] ;f]r o:t} cy{ dfUg] k':ts xf] h;sf] cfºg} prfO{ / j}zL:otf 5, eb|tf 5 . k':tsx? k'/:sf/sf nflu n]lvb}gg n]lvg' klg x'Gg, ;f]r k|sf/sf ljifout dgf]u|GyLx? cGo Joj;foLs n]vs / k':tssf] af/]df d]/f] eGg' 5}g, x'g t of] d]/f] JolQut cfrf/ xf] tkfO{nfO{ c? dxf]bonfO{ ?rLs/ nfUnf–gnfUnf < xf] d tkfO{nfO{ …;f]rÚ kl5 lrG5' –clxn];Dd d]/f] lbdfusf] ;lx xfnt;Dd klg . t/ k|ToIf t e]63f6 ePsf] 5}g . of] ljz]if dxTjsf] ljifo klg x}g, cGhfg cf“vL ‰\ofn . rf]/ cf“vfn] ;w} g/fd|f] v/fa dfq b]Vb}g, x]b{}g . slxn]sfxL+ c;n b[i6Lb]z klg nufpg ;S5–dfGgf]; tkfO{ d tkfO{ pk/ oxL l/tn] k|rlnt 5' .

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cGo ultljlwdfM k|fs[lts, ;f+:s[lts s'/fx? b]vfpg], ljb]zLx?sf] 3'dfO{ emns b]vfpg], ko{6sx?sf] k|ltlqmofx? 5f]6f] tLtf]ld7f] b]vfpg], cfbL . k|fs[lts, ;f:s[lts s'/fx? b]vfpg], ljb]zLx?sf] 3'dfO{ emns b]vfpg], ko{6sx?sf] k|ltmlqmofx? 5f]6f] tLtf]dL7f] b]vfpg], cfbL . k|fs[lts ;+/If0f ug{ o'jfx?sf] Sna vf]Ng] 7fp“7fpdf . h:t} of] gfd jf cGo s'g} gfd /fv]/ Our Nature Our Nepal Preservation Club, Save Nature Club etc……

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ko{6g Joj;fo;“u ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ;a}, ljb]zLx? .

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World Education Ratopul, Kathmandu

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cfˆgf] sfo{ k|lt d}n] pgLx?;“u} Ps xKtf hlt latfP“ / …;f]rÚ lstfjaf6 kfPsf zlQmx? lbO{/fv+] lg/Gt/ ?kdf . of] s[lifjg sfo{qmd b]v]/ ;f] lhNnfsf] 8L=Pkm= cf]= ;fdj[If 7fs'/, /]Gh/ a}7f, cWoIf cjw]z rf}w/L, ;lrj o'j/fhhL nufot Tox“Fsf :yfgLo hg;d'bfo lgSs} v'zL 5g\====. ========Ps l5g xfdL ;a} hgf aflx/ cfO Tof] gf/f nufPsf] b]Vbf Pp6f go“f ;f]rsf] hGd eof] . Tof] lyof] ;lbof} b]lvsf] kmf]xf]/ hgsk'/nfO{ s;/L ;kmf ug{] < o;/L sfo{qmd af/]sf ] 5nkmn kZrft d}n] ?= ! k|lt JolQmaf6 z'e]Iff k|s6 ul/ k|fKt /sdaf6 hgsk'/ ;/;kmfO{ ug{] cleofg ug{] elg k|:tfj /fVbf ;a} ;fyLx?n] tTsfn} ;xdlt hgfpg' eof] . …;f]rÚ lstfj k9]/ k|fKt u/]sf] ;kmntfaf/] d}n] s0f{ zfSohL;“u cfbfg k|bfg u/]+ . clg s0f{ zfSohLn] o;/L sfd z'? ug{] AgroForestry sfo{qmd pbok'/df ;+rfng ug{' ePsf]df wGoafb lbb} tkfO{ klxnf] klxnf] JolQm x'g'x'G5 gGb nfnhL eGg' eof] . s'/fsfgLsf] qmddf d}n] hgsk'/sf] ;/;kmfO x'g g;s]sf] hfgsf/L u/fP“ . px“Fn] o;df Psbd} rf;f] lng'eof]==========n ldnfpg'; slxn] eGg' x'G5 d hfg tof/ . d cfˆgf] vfg],a:g] ;a} Joj:yf cfkm} u5{' eGg' eof]=====;+of]uj; @% cS6f]j/, @))% sf lbg lbp“;f]sf] vfgf rLh;/;“u} vfg h'/]sf] lyof] . ;f]xL ;dodf s0f{ zfSohL ;“u d]/f] 8]9 306fsf] s'/fsfgL af/] ;+lIfKtdf ;'gfP“ . s0f{ zfSohLn] Pp6f a8f] 3tnfUbf] s'/f rLh ;/sf] af/]df dnfO{ ;'gfpg' ePsf] lyof] . Tof] lyof] rLhhL nfO{ c“Fvfdf /fVof} eg] slQ klg ljemfp“b}g . rLh ;/n] d]/f] lk7\o'df 9fk dfb}{ tkfOn] eGg' ePg ls xfdLnfO{ t ljem]5 eg]/======cGtdf d s] eGg rfxG5' eg], cfkm}df of …;f]rÚ lstfj Pp6f ;sf/fTds ;+b]zd'ns lstfj xf] o;n] ;sf/fTds ;f]r /flv c7f]6 / lxDdt af]sL s'g} klg sfo{df lg/Gt/tf lbg] JolQmsf] ;kmntf lglZrt x'g] ;+b]z lbPsf] 5 . ======= -kf“r k]hsf] kqaf6 p9\w[t _

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dfly kfb/L lgdfnf]/sf] egfO{ eGbf zfob} km/s 5}g . tkfO{sf] ;f]rsf] æ;f]rÆ km]/L klg dnfO{ Psbd} dg k¥of] .============ tkfO{nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{] s'g} To:tf] pko'Qm zAb d}n] kfpg g} ;lsg . To;}n] d}n] ;Daf]wgsf] efunfO{ vfnL /fVb} d]/f] dgsf] sf]t'xntf egf} of cfj]u tkfO{ ;dIf /fVg rfxG5' . ;fy} pd]/sf] lx;fan] d]/f] afh] eGg nfossf] eP klg æs0f{ bfO{Æ eGg] cg'e'lt klg rfxG5' . clg n]vfO{df e'n eP Ifdf rfxG5' . ======yfxf 5}g cfh dnfO{ lsg /ftf] d;L ePsf] 86k]g rnfp“g dg nfUof] . /ftf] d;Lsf] dxTj slt x'G5 Tof] t dnfO{ yfxf ePg . t/ klg s0f{ bfO{ d}n] olx d;Ln] cfˆgf] s'/fx? n]Vg] lxDdt u/+] .====== pd]/ / cg'ejsf] lx;fan] tkfO{ eGbf d w]/} g} sd x“' , tkfO{sf] k':ts kl9;s]kl5 dnfO{ s] nfUof] eg] d]/f] h:tf] ;f]r ePsf] JolQmx? g]kfn cfdfn] ;+/If0f u/]/ /flv/x]sL /lxl5g ;;Ddfg ;fy † d lgDg ls;fg kl/jf/sL 5f]/L x'“ . d]/f] kl/jf/sf] ;+Vof hDdf k“fr hgfsf] dfq 5 / xfd|f] kl/jf/df k“fr} k|sf/sf] ljrf/x? klg 5g\ . x'g t d}n] hLjgdf cefjnfO{ glhsaf6 lrg]sL 5' . t/ olx rLhaf6 w]/} l;Sg] cj;/x? klg kfPsL 5' .========;fgf] 5“bf cfdfnfO{ af]h'n] u/]sf] x]nf, /S;L vfP/ afh] / af]h' emu8f u/]sf] clg xfdL /ftf/ft efu]sf], a'jfsf] kl/jf/k|ltsf] pbfl;gtf, cfdfsf] xfdL aRrfx? k|ltsf] cufw :g]x / k|]d . ToxL aLrsf] d]/f] :s'n hLjg, /fhg}lts kl/j]z clg zx/L hLjg . clg km]/L ufp“n] hLjg †========jf:tjdf d}n] klg cfˆg} kf/fn] kf/fn] hLjgnfO{ a'em\\g] k|of; u/] of ul//x]sf] 5' . ;dfhdf dfG5]–dfG5] aLrsf] c;dfgtf, gf/L / k'?if aLrsf] e]befj, ljZj ;d'bfodf ePsf] ;a} k|sf/sf] lvrftfgL clg To;aLrdf xfdL g]kfnL clg emfkfnL cem} Pp6L s]6L dfG5] clg ;'Aaf -lnDa'_ ls 5f]/L lgZrntf nfjtL . ========:jcl:tTjsf] v]fhLdf d}n] klg PSn} bf]d'vfsf] rf}tf/Ldf lbg latfPsL 5' . gu/sf]6sf] 8“f8fdf lr;f] l;/]6f]sf] emf]Ssf ;“u} ;of} ;f; km]/]sL 5' . sf7df8f}+sf] d'6' /Tgkfs{df klqsf k9]/ 3fd tfk]sL 5' . cGttM d s]6L dfG5] x' . s]6L dfG5]sf] nflu oL ;a s'/fx? jlh{t 5g\ To:fsf] lttf] cg'ej klg u/]sL 5' . =========g]kfn ;“fRr} k|fs[lts ?kn] clt wgL 5 . d klg k|s[lt k|]dL ePsf] sf/0fn] xf]nf, kxf8sf 8fF8fx?df uP/ lstfa k9\g' / sljtf n]Vg clt ?rfp“y] / s]xL sljtfx? n]v] klg t/ ;fj{hlgs ug{] lxDdt eg] ePg ddf . t/ clxn]sf] ab\lnbf] kl/l:yltsf] sf/0fn] ljgf cfO{8]lG66L h+un 3'Dg] lxDdt eg] x/fPsf] 5 . tyfkL dg eg] df/]sL 5}g======zx/Lof hLjg latfp“g] qmddf d}n] sf7df8f}+ / eQmk'/sf] y'k|} un}+rf sf/vfgfx? rxf/]sL 5' . To; If]qdf sfd ug{] dhb'/x?sf] bogLo hLjg, :jf:Yo r]tgfsf] sdL / sfdsf] k|s[ltsf] cfwf/df dflns ju{n] lbg'kg{] ;'ljwfx? glbPsf] 321

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k':tsdf s0f{n] ;a}eGbf /fd|f] hjfkm eg] gsf/fTds ;f]r /fVg]x?nfO{ lbPsf 5g\ . gsf/fTds ;f]rsf sf/0f d'n's cK7\of/f] kl/l:yltdf k/]sf atfp“5g\ pgL . pgL pgsf] k':tsd} cª\u|]hLdf e"ldsf n]Vg] clgn lrqsf/sf] egfO{ ;fk6L lng] xf] eg] cfd g]kfnLsf] ;d:of k/]kl5 s'd v'DRofP/ …s] ug{] <Ú eGg] afgLnfO{ /fd|f] hjfkm x'g\ s0f{ zfSo . s0f{ zfSosf] …;f]rÚ k9\bf x/]s kf7ssf] dgdf Pp6f :jefljs k|Zg p7\5 …sx“faf6 cfp“bf x'g\ of] dflg;sf] lbdfudf < Tolt w]/} df}lns ljrf/x?, go“f–go“f / ;sf/fTds ;f]rx? <Æ t/, of] k':ts k9]kl5 yfxf x'G5, cfˆgf] Ps d'7L cfsf/sf] lbdfunfO{ uDeL/tf ;fy v]nfpg] xf] eg] o:tf w]/} s'\/fx? cfp“5g\ . t/, ltgnfO{ lglZrt lbzf lbg h?/L x'G5 . ltgsf] ;kmn sfof{Gjog klg plQs} cfjZos 5 . t/ Toltn] dfq klg s0f{ zfSo algb}g . x'g t of] k':tsnfO{ zfSon] cfˆgf] cfTdsyf dfg]sf 5}gg\, g pgn] o;nfO{ ofqf ljj/0f g} dfg]sf 5g\, t/ of] b'j} xf], zfSosf] cfTdsyf / ofqf ljj/0f====== sf] x'g\ t s0f{ zfSo < Jofkf/Lsf] 5f]/f, jgclws[t, k|s[lt ;+/If0fsf cleg]tf, lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~hsf jsfntstf{ / To;sf] ;LdfÍgstf{, Pp6f /rgfTds Joj;foL, 7d]nnfO{ 7d]n agfpg] dfG5], sf7df8f}+ u]i6 xfp;sf dflns, SofG;/ c:ktfnsf hGdbftf, g]kfn e|d0f jif{sf ;fy{sstf{, 6'“l8v]nsf] km/flsnf] ;8ssf kl/sNkgfsf/ cflb OToflb jf Pp6f a'l4sf] e“f8f] -lyª\s 6\ofª\s _ < of] k':tsn] lbg] pQ/ xf] – jf:tjdf s0f{ zfSo Pp6f lyª\s 6\ofª\s x'g\, h;n] k|z:t …cfOl8ofÚx? hGdfp“5g\ / ltgnfO{ pgsf] Jofkfl/s j+zfg'ut u'0fn] lehfP/ sfof{Gjog ug{ ;S5g\ . tL ljrf/ sfof{Gjog u/fpgdf pgL x/]s pkfo nufp“5g\, w}o{ 5f8\b}gg\ / vl6/xG5g\ . …;f]rÚ k9\bf yfxf x'G5, pgsf] sltko ;f]rx? t'?Gt} sfof{Gjog ePsf 5g\, sltsf] sfof{Gjogsf nfuL pgn] jiff}{;Dd w}o{ ug{'k/]sf klg 5 =========== csf{] Pp6f s'/f s] :ki6 x'G5 eg] hlt g} ;kmn, ;sf/fTds / cfTdljZjf;L eP klg pgL xfdL h:t} 5g\, b'Mvdf ?g], cQflng] clg km]l/ ;Dxflng] clg ;'vdf v'zL x'g] . km/s olt xf], pgL b'MvnfO{ la;{b}gg\ / To:tf] b'Mv c?nfO{ gk/f];\ eg]/ sfdgf ub{} To;df ;dfwfg vf]H5g\ . cfˆgL wd{kTgL SofG;/sf sf/0f d[To' ePkl5 To;sf] ljsf; clg lbuf]kgsf nflu r'/f]6sf] x/]s lvNnLdf …s/Ú p7fpg] a[l4 lgsfn] pgn] / To;sf] sfof{Gjog u/fO5f8] pgn] . t/, pgL cfkm}+nfO{ 330

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SofG;/ ePsf] cfzª\sf hGd]kl5 cQflnP, pgdf ghflgb“f ghflgb}“ klg hLjg k|ltsf] df]x b]lvof], a}+ss k'u] / ToxL+ pgn] hLjgsf] lbJobz{g e]6]===========jf:tjdf pgL Pp6f OdfGbf/ n]vs x'g jf cem} egf}+ pgL Pp6f ;f]emf n]vs x'g\ . Ps 7fp“df pgL k|bLk lul/nfO{ …clt{ lbg] t/ sfd ug{ g;Sg]Ú eg]/ 5\of:5g clg ToxL+ cfkm' k|wfgdGqL eP s] ug{] eGg] JofVofg klg 5“f65g\ . csf{] 7fp“df sf7df8f}+nfO{ s;/L ;'Gb/ agfpg] s'/f u5{g\, clg km]l/ sf7df8f}+sf] d]o/ aGg] k|:tfa cfp“bf cfkm' efu]sf] s'/f klg u5{g\ . Pp6f af7f] n]vsn] o:tf afem\g] vfnsf s'/f rt'¥ofO“sf ;fy n'sfp“5, t/ pgn] To;f] u/]sf 5}gg\ . =======k':tsdf pgn] ;a}eGbf /fd|f] hjfkm eg] gsf/fTds ;f]r /fVg]x?nfO{ lbPsf 5g\ . pgsf] k':tsd} cª\u]|hLdf e"ldsf v]Ng] clgn lrqsf/sf] egfO{ ;fk6L lng] xf] eg] cfdg]kfnLsf] ;d:of k/]kl5 s'd v'DRofP/ …s] ug{] <Ú eGg] afgLnfO{ /fd|f] hjfkm x'g\ s0f{ zfSo . pgL;“u ;d:ofsf ;w}+ hjfkm x'G5, s'g} g s'g} pkfo x'G5 geP pgL lbdfu lvofpg yfN5g / ;dfwfgsf] ;sf/fTds pkfo vf]H5g / To;nfO{ sfof{Gjog u5{g\ == pgn] g]kfnsf ;d:ofaf6 knfog eP/ ljb]zlt/ …:ofG8ljrÚ a]r]/ wgL x'g] clg g]kfnaf/] gsf/fTds l6Kk0fL ug{]x?nfO{ klg of] k':tsdf w]/} 7fp“df 5\of;]sf 5g\ . pgsf] ljrf/df, …Ifdtfjfg g]kfnLn] b]zsf] ;Lldt cfly{s kl/j]]zdf ;w}+ u'lD;P/ a:g' kg{] eGg] d]/f] cfzo xf]Og . ljb]zdf uP/ cfly{s / af}l4s nfe lng ;lsG5 eg] Tof] cj;/sf] pkof]u ug{'k5{ . t/, eljiodf ljb]zaf6 cfh{g u/]sf tL ;Lk / IfdtfnfO{ cfˆgf] hGde"lddf pkof]u ug{'k5{ . cGoyf dft[e"ldsf] ef/ nfU5 . pgn] o;f] eGg' k5fl8sf] sf/0f klg 5, slxNo} gsf/fTds ;f]r g/fVg] pgn] ljb]zdf g]kfnLs} d'vaf6 g]kfnaf/] k|z:t gsf/fTds s'/f ;'g]sf 5g\ / To;nfO{ pgL knfogjfbLx?sf] s'07f eGg ?rfp“5g\ . ======pgsf] k':tssf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ljz]iftf s] xf] eg] ==== d'n'snfO{ ;z:q åGån] u“fh] klg g]kfnsf] ;'gf}nf] eljiosf] cfzf b]vfPsf 5g\ pgn] . h]xf];\, of] k':tsn] zfSosf] Pp6f kIfsf]dfq klxrfg ePsfx?nfO{ pgsf ;a} kIfaf/] hfgsf/L lbg] sfd u/]sf 5 . efiff, l;nl;nfh:tf s'/fnfO{ Wofg glbg] xf] eg] of] jf:tjd} k9\gnfos k':ts ag]sf] 5, t/ cfufdL ;+:s/0f lgsfNbf efiffut / ljifosf] qmda4tfdf /x]sf q'l6 x6fpg' cfjZos x'g]5 . t}klg, of] k':tsn] zfSonfO{ /fd|/L g} lrgfPsf] 5, bLk]Gb| k'?if 9sfnsf] zAb ;fk6L lng] xf] eg],===sd{of]uL eujfg /fds} 331

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lbg hGd]sf P ;fyL===ltd|f] gfd cfh dnfO{ abNg dg nflu/x]5====x'G5 eg],===ca ltdLnfO{ s0f{ xf]Og===sd{ zfSo eg"“ .

Psrf]l6 eP klg k9g} k5{ lbk]Gb| k'?if 9sfn, lxdfn vj/klqsf -!–!%d+l;/, @)^!_ @)^!_

/fi6« lgdf{0fsf nflu ;sf/fTds ;f]r / To; cg';f/sf] Jojxf/n] slt ;zQm e"dLsf lgjf{x u5{ eGg] k[i7e"lddf n]lvPsf] cfTd ljj]rgfsf] ;“ufnf] xf] k':ts . o;df jl0f{t 36gfqmdx? tt\ ;dod} gn]lvPsf] x'“bf ltgsf] ;'Id kIfdf s]xL k|efj t cjZo} k/]sf] xf]nf, t/ of] lstfjn] gsf/fTdstfleq klg ;sf/fTds cj;/x? oy]i6 x'“bf]/x]5g\ eGg] kf7 /fd|/L l;sfp“5 .==========sfd ubf{ ljleGg JolQmaf6 n]vsn] kfPsf ;xof]u Pj+ c;xof]usf gfnLa]nL klg k':tsdf pNn]v 5 . ======cfkm"n] ljZjf; u/]s} dfG5]x?n] c;xof]u u/]sf] 6'“l8v]n ;8s lj:tf/, nf}g s]xL u/f}+, 8]9 s/f]8 ?k}+ofdf tLg dlxgfleq sf7df8f}+sf] sfofkn6 h:tf kl/of]hgf ;DaGwL ljj/0fn] g]kfnL ;dfhdf /x]sf n3'tfef;nfO{ lrq0f u/]sf] 5 .===== g]kfndf sfd ug{ slxNo} ufx|f] k/]g / lgHfL Joj;fo ubf{ u}/ sfg'gL af6f] c“ufNg' klg k/]g eg]/ uj{ ug{] ;kmn pBdLdf kl/lrt s0f{ zfSo ;w}+ ;kmn eg] ePsf /x]g5g\ . …Osf]6]nÚ Pj+ …k|hftGqÚ gfds klqsf k|sfzg pgsf] Jofj;flos ljkmntf /x]5 eg] k|wfgdGqLnfO{ lbPsf] @* a'“b] ;'emfj, …:kf]6\;{ lxdfn Po/ @))!Ú cflb t nfu" gePsf dfq xf]Ogg\, sltn] t ;'g]sf] klg lyPgf}+ . =======p/G7]pnf] lqmofsnfk ug{ l;kfn' s0f{ zfSon] cfˆgf] sf7df8f}“ u]i6 xfp;df cfh ko{Gt b'Oj6f sf]7f lbgsf] b'O 8n/df a]Rg] u/]sf] / To;df a:g] kfx'gfn] g} sf]7f ;kmf /fVg' kg{] lgod k9\bf /f]rs nfU5 . …ldtJolotf ckgfpg' k/]sf] sf/0fn] 5f]/Lsf] ljjfxdf af]nfp“g ;lsg“–uf]8w'jf klg gk7fp“g'xf]nfÚ egL lgdGq0ff sf8{ k7fpg], jg;DaGwL cWoog ubf{sf ef/tLo ;fyLnfO{ …g]kfn cfpmÚ egL lxdf~rn k|b]zsf] cvjf/df lj1fkg 5kfpg] k|;¨ klg /dfOnf] 5 . ========cfuGt'sx?nfO{ :Jf]R5fn] ?= % b]lv %)) ;Ddsf b/n] lstfj lsGg nufpg] z}nL klg crDds} xf] . ===========kl/R5]b ( df n]vssf h]7L 5]f/L / >LdtLnfO{ SofG;/n] nu]sf] j0f{g / cfdf a'4 dfofn] …eujfgn] ltd|f] b'Mv h“flr/x]5g\ km]n x'g'x'GgÚ elg lj≈jn 5f]/fnfO{ 9f8\; lbPsf] k|;¨ lgs} g} sf?l0fs 5 . lgif]lwt 332

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If]q v'Nnf ug{ x'“b}gYof] eGg] n]vssf] ljrf/k|lt klg ;xdt x'g ;lsb|}g . =====c7f]6sf] kSsf Pj+ :jfledfgL zfSon] lzsf/ v]Ng 5f]8]sf] / >LdtL ;fd' c:ktfn z}øofdf r'/f]6 gvfg] egL u/]sf] k|0f cg's/0fLo 5g\ . cfkm'nfO{ k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kn] ;3fpg] Ps ;o lqof;L hgfsf] -h;dWo] #) hgf ljb]zL_ gfd k':tssf pNn]v u/]/ n]vsn] ;kmntfsf] >]o ;a}df a“f8\g] ;sf/fTds ;f]r b]vfpg' ;/fxgLo 5 . ;xof]u gug{]x?sf gfd zfnLgtfsf ;fy n'sfp“g pgn] c;kmn k|oTg u/]sf] klg kf7s dfem 5n{¨ x'G5 . of] lstfj l;WofO{ aGb u/]kl5 nfUof] …lgi7fk"0f{ sd{ u/]sf oL s0f{ zfSonfO{ /fi6«n] ;dfg'kftdf OHht ug{ ;s]sf] /x]g5 . Úof] k':ts ;a}n] sDtLdf Psrf]l6 eP klg k9g} k5{ .

Nff}g ca ljB't rf]/L gu/f}+ sdn Gof}kfg], hg;+3if{ /fli6«o b}lgs, a'6jn -@)^#÷*÷$_

g]kfndf d'6' ;/x 5 of] IF]q . ;Dk"0f{ /fhdfu{x?n] hf]8]sf], hxf“af6 klg glhs kg{], k|z:t kfgL / ;a} k"jf{wf/ k'u]sf], wfld{s b[li6sf]0fn] kljq :yn dflgPsf] clg b"g / efj/ IF]qsf] df};d ePsf sf/0f t/fO{ eGbf zLtn / kxf8 eGbf Gofgf]===. oL] dflysf x/km s0f{ zfSon] cfkm\gf] ;f]rsf] kl/R5]b !) df e/tk'/nfO{ d]l8sn ;L6Lsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] efjgfn] lrtjg lhNnfsf] af/]df kf]Vg' ePsf] ;sf/fTds ;f]r xf] of] s0f{ zfSosf] . pxf“n] cem w]/} s'/f n]Vg' ePsf] 5, cfkmgf] lstfj ;f]rdf lrtjgsf] af/]df . ;fob s0f{ zfSosf] cfkmgf] sd{e"dL eP/ klg xf]nf lrtjgnfO{ cf}lw dfof u/]sf] kfpg ;lsG5 ;f]rdf . x'g klg lrtjg pj{/e"dL, x/fe/f / 3gf hËn, ljleGg hft hfltsf r/fr'?ËLx?, jGohGt'x?sf] af;:yn gf/fo0fL / /fKtLsf] clj/n snsnfx6 ;kmf jfo'd08n sxL st} vf]6 nufpg] 7fp“ g} kfO{b}g lrtjgsf k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tfdf . t/ s0f{ zfSosf] ;f]rdf h:tf] dfq kfpg ;lsg d}n] lrtjgsf] d]/f] 5f]6f] a;fO{sf] bf}/fgdf . oxf“ s]xL ljs[lt / lj;+ult klg d]/f] 5f]6f] a;fO{df kfP“ . tL dWosf] Ps xf] lrtjgdf km:6fPsf] ljB't rf]/L . e/tk'/ 333

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gu/kflnsf nufot clwsf+z uflj;x?df lbg bxf8} v'Nnf ?kdf ljB't rf]/L eO/x]sf] ;lhn} b]Vg ;lsG5, lrtjgdf /ftLdf x'g]nfO{ kf] rf]/L eGg] lbg bxf8} x'g] rf]/LnfO{ s] eGg] < l;+rfOsf nflu jf6/ kDk, lx6/, l6=eL= nufotsf 3/]n' pks/0f nufot pBf]u ;d]t ;+rfng e}/x]sf] kfpg ;lsG5 . lrtjgdf ljB't k|flws/0fsf] #) k|ltzt eGbf al9 x'g] r'xfjt dWo] slt v'Nnf?kdf / slt n'lsl5kL x'g] u5{ Tof] t k|flws/0fnfO{ g} yfxf xf]nf . o;/L rf]/L ubf{ x'g] 3f6f gug{] OdfGbf/ u|fxssf] 6fpsf]df k5{ ls kb{}g Tof] klg k|flws/0fnfO{ g} yfxf xf]nf . x'g t ljB't rf]/L x'g] lhNnfdf lrtjg dfq PSnf] xf]Og, ;Ifd, hfu?s lhNnfsf] t of] xfnt 5 eg] cGo lhNnfx?sf] s] xljut xf]nf < lrtjg g]kfnsf] Ps cu|0fL lhNnfsf] ?kdf kl/lrt 5, oxf“ x'g] x/]s lqmofsnfkn] d'n'se/ /fd|f] g/fd|f] ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f ul//x]sf] x'G5 . cem To; dfly ljb]zL ko{6sx?sf] 3'O“rf] nflu/xg] 7fp“ . ;f}/fxf h:tf] ko{6sx? /Dg] 7fpdf of] xfnt b]Vbf xfdLnfO{ s] eGbf x'g tL kfx'gfx?n] < ls ljB't rf]/L klg /fKtL gbLdf b]lvg] ;'of{:tsf] b[Zo h:t} xf] < s] xfdL ef/tsf] ljxf/ /fHo;“u t'ngf ug{] nfossf eof} t < ca klg lrtjgsf afl;Gbfx?n] l;t}sf] aQL afn]/ b+u kg{] xf] eg] o;df eGg'kg{] s]xL 5}g t/ o; af/]df ca ;f]Rg] a]nf xf]Og s]xL ug{' kg{] e};s]sf] 5 < @)^# ;fnsf] cGTolt/ k|f]= klAnssf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] Ps sfo{qmdsf] lgldQ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] ljB't rf]/L /f]syfdsf] nflu k|f]=klAns h:tf] ;+:yfn] ;xof]u k¥of] eGbf s:tf] nfUof] eg] ljB't k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfd c?n] ksfPsf] vfg] dfq x'g] eof] . vfg] ;dfgsf] hf]xf] / ksfO{lbg] sfd cGo ;+:yfsf] xf] h:tf] nfUof] . d}n] ;f]xL cj;/df s'/f p7fPsf] klg lyP t/ Toxf“ pkl:ylt Ps clwsf/Ln] b]zsf] xfnsf] kl/l:yltnfO{ bf]if nufO{ plDsP . o:tf] 5 sd{rf/Lsf] xfnt ljB't k|flws/0fdf . b'Mv gul/ vfg kfO{G5 eg] ufp“ ufp“ lsg b'v kfpg] . sd{rf/Lsf] nfk/jfxL, k|zf;gsf] x]nr]qm\ofO{ sf/0f klg ljB't rf]/Ldf a9f]t/L ePsf] xf] . s0f{ zfSo cfºgf] ;f]rdf nf}g s]xL u? eg]/ kl/R5]b & df d cfkm' k|wfgdGqL ePsf s] ug{] lyP eg]/ @( j6f a'“bfx? pNn]v ug{'ePsf] 5 . xfdL ef/tLo rnlrqsf gfos clgn sk"/n] u/] h:tf] @$ 306fdf b]zsf] cfd"n kl/jt{g ug{ t ;Sb}gf}, s0f{ zfSosf] h:tf] pbf/ / ;a} If]qdf pxf“n] eg] h:tf] TfTsfn} 334

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;sf/fTds ;f]rfO{ /fVg g;sf}nf t/ klg xfdLn] xfd|f] ;dfhdf x'g] ljs[lt dWoaf6 s]xL 36fpg ;Sof} eg] klg d'n'ssf] nflu s]xL of]ubfg u/sf] 7x/Lg] 5 . dnfO{ dgkg{] dWo]sf lstfjsf ;f]r / ;f]rsf wlg s0f{ zfSonfO{ dg kg{] :yfgdf lrtjg . ;Dk"0f{ b[li6sf]0fn] cu|0fL lrtjgdf o:tf] ljs[lt x'g' cjZo klg zf]elgo x'“b}g . oxf“sf a'l4lhjL, gful/s ;dfh tyf hfu?s pkef]Qmfn] ca s]xL ;f]Rg} k5{ lsgsL @)^# ;fnsf] 36:yfkgfsf] lbg ePsf] b'vb 36gfdf x]lnsK6/df ;jf/ gePsf] sf/0f pQm b'3{6gfaf6 aRg ;kmn x'g' ePsf ko{6gljb\, pBdL tyf ;dfh;]jL s0f{ zfSon] lrtjgsf] af/]df snd rnfpbf nf}g ca ljB't rf]/L gu/f}+ eGg] kl/R5]b yKg gk/f]; eGg] d]/f] cfu|x dfq xf] lrtjgjf;Lsf] nflu .

s0f{ zfSosf] …;f]rÚ lgofNbf lgofN uf}/Laxfb'/ sfsL{, cGgk'0f{ kf]i6

s0f{ zfSosf] …;f]rÚ gfdsf] s[lt xfn g]kfnL cWoog km“F6df cfPsf] 5 . hx“f, h;n], h] s'/f u/] klg …g]kfn vQd eO;Sof]Ú eGg] lg/fzfk"0f{ cleJolQm afx]s s]xL ;sf/fTds s'/f ;'Gg gkfP kl5 s0f{ zfSosf] dgdf cfPsf] c“fwLa]x]/Laf6 g} of] s[ltsf] l;h{gf x'g k'u]sf] b]lvG5 . xfd|f] b]z g]kfn …vQdÚ eO{;s]sf] 5}g …vQdÚ eO;Sof] eGg] ;f]r g} …vQdÚ xf] eGg] ;Gb]z px“fn] of] s[ltaf6 lbg vf]Hg'ePsf] 5 . ======x'g t, px“fn] of] s[ltnfO{ cfˆgf] cfTdsyf / e|d0fsf] :d/0f xf]Og eGg' ePsf] 5======;“fRr} eGg] xf] eg] of] s[lt s0f{ zfSosf] hLjgsf] jf;nft eg] x'G5 . ljQLo ;+:yfsf] gfkmf–gf]S;fgsf] w]/} ljj/0f xfdLn] hfGg kfp“5f}===========s0f{n] g]kfnsf] 5fs{f ef]6b]lv t/fO{sf s'gfsGb/f;Dd k'u]/ jg, jGohGt' / ;Dkbf ;+/If0fsf sfo{df pgsf] kl/sNkgfn] ;fsf/ ?k lnPsf] b]lvG5 =================/fli6«o lgs'~h jf ;+/If0f If]q hgtfs]f nflu xf], ;+/If0f If]qsf] nflu hgtf xf]Og\\======hgtfnfO{ afwf k'¥ofP/ ;+/If0f ug{] xf]Og, hgtfnfO{ ;'ljwf lbP/ ;+/If0f ul/g'kb{5 eGg] logsf] ;f]r /x]sf] kfOG5====== psfnf] nfUg] 3f]8fsf] nufdnfO{ 5f]l8lbg' k5{ . ljsf; ug{] dfG5]nfO{ s:g' x'“b}g eGg] pgsf] ;f]r /x]sf] b]lvG5 . =====of] lstfjdf tfl/kmof]Uo JolQmx?sf] gfd dfq px“fn] ;dfj]z ug{' ePsf] 5 . sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf] nflu Ps ;o Ps a'“b] ænf} g s]xL u/f}+Æ 6'“l8v]n jl/kl/sf] ;8s km/flsnf] kfg{] ;d]t px“fn] lbPsf] lgMz'Ns of]hgfsf] k|f?k b'O{ dlxgf;Dd klg gk9]sf] / Tof] of]hgf rfv gb]vfPsf] tYo 335

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n]v]h:t} px“fn] c?;“usf 5nkmn, sfdsf/f]af/ / Jojxf/;DaGwL ;To / tYo s'/f n]lvlbg' kb{Yof] . tL 5nkmn / ljrf/ k|jfxdf leGgtf s'g} JolQmut :jfy{sf nflu lyP . tL leGgtf b]vfO{lbPsf] eP ;dfhsf] nfuL of]ubfg x'GYof], tL t Oltxf;sf gd]l6g] 36gf x'Gy] ====== ;Tosf] nflu px“fn] hLjgko{Gt u/]sf] ;+3if{ / px“fsf] cfbz{ljk/Lt o; kIfdf px“f r's]sf] b]lvof] . sf]xL l/;fp“5 eg]/ hLjge/sf] cfbz{ / ;TonfO{ TofUg' Oltxf;nfO{ px“fn] 5f]k]sf] x'g hfG5 ============

g]kfn vQd eGg]x? g} vQd x'g\ dxfgu/

htftt} c/fhstf /x]sf] a]nf Pp6f go“f cfzf, gf}nf] e/f];f / ;Defjgfsf cgluGtL pkfo ;f]Rg]x? klg gePsf xf]Ogg\ . ko{6g Joj;foL s0f{ zfSon] cfˆgf] gjk|sflzt k':ts …;f]rÚdfkm{t To:t} go“f b[li6sf]0f /fVg]x?sf] k|ltlglwTj ug{'ePsf] 5 . uha 5–bofn' x'“bf] /x]5 sfn, slxn]sfxL+ 5l/Psf d'6' Ps} 7fp“df ;f/f a6'nL, ;'d;'Dofpg yfNof] 6fpsf d]/f], dfof u/L /f]P“, d aRrf h:t} p;s} sfvdf 3f]K6f] k/L ==========ko{6g Joj;foL s0f{ zfSon] SofG;/ /f]un] cfºgL 5f]/L / >LdtLnfO{ r'8]kl5 efjgfef]/ eO{ sf]/]sf] x/km eP, tfklg jf:tljstfdf oL dfgjLo cfTdfsf ;femf efjgf x'g\ .==========kfl/jfl/s lj5f]8sf qmddf cfkm}+n] klg d'To'nfO{ glhsaf6 b]lv;s]sf zfSo eG5g\–;dodf xL/f kmf]g{ ;Sg'k5{ eGg] lktfhLsf] lzIff, c?;“u lng'eGbf c?nfO{ lbg' /dfOnf] x'G5 eGg] dftfs]f pkb]z / cfºgf] clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f gu/L lbg] dfq ug{' d"v{tf l;jfo s]xL xf]Og eGg] lbbLsf] hLjg bz{gn] d cfh ox“f;Dd cfOk'u]sf] x'“ . =======g]kfnsf] vr{df of]Uotf a6'Ng] clg ;]jf eg] ;DkGg d'n'ssf] ug{] nj:t/f]kg Pj+ of]Uotf v'jL cg'?k hgtfnfO{ sfd lbg] k|of; gug{] ;Qfl;g g]tfx?sf] sf/0f dfq b]zsf o'jfx?df xLgtfaf]w /x]sf] n]vs zfSosf] bfaL 5 . zfSo eGg'x'G5,–æPsflt/ b]zn] ef]u]sf] sfk{]G6/, O{n]lS6«l;og, sDKo'6/ ljz]if1, xf]6ns} s's, ufd{]G6sf] l;nfO{ l;nfO{ ug{] slnu9 nufot cglulGt sfdbf/ 336

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ljb]zaf6 lemsfO /xg'kg{] 5 eg] csf{]lt/ b]zsf o'jf sfd gkfP/ ljb]zLsf] u'nfdL ug{ nfvf}+ vr{ u/]/ dl/xQ] ub{} hfg] ul//x]sf 5g\ .Æ o:tf] c;dfg kl/l:yltsf] Pp6} sf/0f 5,–æ;Lkd'ns lzIff, tflndsf] cefj / sfd cg'?k kfl/>lds gkfOg' .Æ s0f{ zfSoåf/f lnlvt k':ts ;f]r af/] k|ltlqmof lb“b} jl/i7 kqsf/ e}/j l/;fn eGg'x'G5,– æs0f{ zfSo gs{leq :ju{ vf]Hg'k5{ eGg] dfGotf ePsf dfG5] x'g\ .Æ

o'jfx?sf] 9's9'sL a;Gt kl kl08t, 08t, xjf{] OG6/g]zgn Vff]nf au/df y'k|} 9'Ëfx? 5g\ . dlGb/df klg ToxL b'Ëfsf] c+z 5 . dlGb/sf] b'Ëf k'hgLo 5, t/ au/sf] 9'Ëf x/]ssf] s'NrfO{ vfg afWo 5 . sf/0f d"lt{ aGg Tolt ;lhnf] 5}g . ;a} 9'Ëf d'lt{ aGg ;Sb}gg\ . h'g 9'Ëfn] l5gf] / xDd/sf] rf]6 ;x]/ cfs[tL lbg ;S5, ToxL 9'Ëfdfq} d'lt{ aGg ;S5 / b'lgof“n] k'H5g\ . of] syf 9'Ëfsf] dfq xf]Og, tkfO{ xfdL dfgj hLjgsf] xf] . a;, h'g dfgjn] lhjgsf] ptf/ r9fjnfO{ kf/ ub{} cfºgf] nfuL dfq geP/, ;du| dfgj hLjgsf] k|]/0ffsf] ;|f]t ag]/ lhp“b5, ToxL dfjgdfq d"lt{ em} k'hgLo aGb5 . kf}/fl0fs sfnsf dxfk'?if >L/fd, hgs, a'4 / s[i0fsf] rl/qsf] JofVof klg o;}sf] cfwf/df ePsf] xf] . cfh;Dd klg ;du| dfgj hLjgsf] k|]/0ffsf], rl/qsf] ;|f]tsf] ?kdf xfdL pxf“x?nfO{ slxNo} e'Ng ;Sb}gf} / s'g g s'g} ?kdf :d/0f ul/ g} /xG5f} . cfhsf] lbgdf s0f{ zfSo klg To:t} cfd g]kfnLsf] k]|/0ffsf] ;|f]t aGg' ePsf] 5 . ;'g Jofkf/Lsf] 5f]/f, cfh g]kfnLsf] cy{tGqsf] d]?b08sf] ?kdf /x]sf] ko{6g If]qsf] k|]/0ffsf] ;|f]t dfq x}g ko{6gljbsf] gfdn] lrlgg'x'G5 . ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf wgL s0f{ zfSo cfh o'jfx?sf] 9's9'sL ;d]t aGg' ePsf] 5 . pxfsf] ;f]r dfkm{t d}n] klg hLjgdf lgs} 7"nf] phf{ kfPsf] dxz'; u/]sf] 5' . To;}sf] kl/0ffd xf], g]6js{ dfs{]6 k|lt d]/f] ljZjf; / lg/Gt/tf . s0f{ zfSosf] ;f]rnfO{ lgofNbf nfU5, dflg; hlGdb} 337

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cfzfn] el/k"0f{ x'G5 . dflg; ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] pkh xf] t/, cfºgf] nIodf k'Ugsf] nflu hf] ;+3if{af6 6f9f 6f9f efUb} hfG5, cfTdf ljsf;tkm{ nfUb}g, p;df gsf/fTds ;f]r a9\g yfN5 . JolQmut :jfy{, ef]u ljnf; tkm{ pGd'v /xG5 / x/]s If]qdf lg/fz} lg/fzf b]Vg yfNb5 . clg eGb5g\ b]z vQd eof] . g]kfndf s]xL pGgtL ug{ ;lsb}g . g]kfndf a;]/ eljio 5}g . lhjg jjf{b eof] g]kfndf hGdg' g} d]/f] b"ef{Uo eof] . oL bl/b|tfsf] pkhn] g} cfh g]kfnsf] l:ylt htftt} nyflnË ePsf] 5 . ;8sb]lv ;bg;Dd, levf/Lb]lv /fhf;Dd klg dfgl;s ?kdf sdhf]/ /x]s]f sf/0f cfh b]zsf] kl/l:ylt of] cj:yfdf cfOk'u]sf] :ki6 5 . sf]xL s;};“u klg b]zk|lt ;sf/fTds lrGtgsf] cefj ePs} sf/0f o:tf] cj:yfsf] l;h{gf ePsf] eGbf cTo'lQm gxf]nf g} . t/, cfh b]zn] s]xL ?kdf km8\sf] dfg{ vf]Hb}5 . ;a} hgtf ;Dk|e'tf / bL3{zflGtsf] rfxfgfdf cufl8 a9L/x]sf 5g\ . ;sf/fTds ;f]r eg]sf] g} ultlzntf cfPsf] cg'ej tkfO{ xfdLdf eO/x]sf] 5 . ;sf/fTds ;f]r ;a}df s]xL ePklg knfPsf] cfefif ca x'g'n] klg gj g]kfnsf] eljio pHjn 5 eGg] nfUb5 . jf:tjdf, s0f{ zfSon] yfgsf]6 gsf6L ;'g k;nd} cfºgf] lhjg cuf8L a9fpg' ePsf] eP, vf;} hLjgdf ptf/ r9fjsf] ;fdgf ug{'ky{]g . pxf“leq ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] vfgL x'Gy]g . ha, jg lj1fgsf] pRr lzIff xfl;n ub{} t/fO{sf kmf“6b]lv lxdfn / kxf8sf hËn rfxfg{ k'Ug'eof], Toxf“af6 knfPsf] cfTdf ljZjf;n] ;/sf/L hfuL/nfO{ ;bfsf] nfuL 5f]8]/ g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns dgf]/d b[Zo / k|s[ltsf] b]gnfO{ glhsaf6 lgofNb} ko{6gk]zfdf xft xfNg' eof] . z'? z'?df Tolt hf]lvd df]Ng' sd ;fxl;nf]kgf xf]Og . olb pxfn] Tof] hf]lvd gdf]Nb]sf] eP cfh g]kfndf ko{6g If]qn] afd] dfq ;Yof{]xf]nf . o;/L g]kfns} cy{tGqsf] lx:;f aGg ;Sb}gYof] xf]nf . o;sf] sf/0f g} pxL s0f{ zfSo xf], hf] cfh g]kfnsf] ko{6g If]qdf kfof]lgo/ dfq xf]Og, ko{6gljbsf] gfdaf6 rlr{t x'g'x'G5 . Ps k};faf6 SofG;/ xl:k6nsf] lgdf{0f, g]kfn ko{6g jif{ !((* h:tf pTs[i6 of]hgfx? cuf8L ;f/L b]zsf] ;du| cy{tGqdf g} /rgfTds tyf ;sf/fTds 6]jf k'¥ofpb} cfpg' ePsf s0f{ zfSo cfh ;du| o'jfx?s]f k|]/s JolQmTj aGg'ePsf] 5 . xjf{] OG6/g]zgn k|f=ln=sf] k|fo x/]s sfo{qmddf cltlysf] cf;gdf b]lvg' eO xjf{]sf] b]zk|ltsf] ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] k|z+;f ug{ slxn] ge'Ng] s0f{ zfSon] xjf{]nfO{ cufl8 a9g af/Daf/ phf{ k|bfg ul//xg' ePsf]df xjf{] OG6g{]zgn k|f ln xflb{s cfef/ k|s6 ub{} xjf{]sf] k|]/s JolQmTjsf] ?kdf clejfbg ug{ rfxG5' . xjf{];u s0f{ zfSosf] ;DaGw clt g} uf9f 5 / lbg k|ltlbg ul9b} klg 5 . x/]s h:tf] xjf{]sf] clkml;on sfo{qmddf s0f{ zfSosf] cfltYotf kfpbf xfdLnfO{ uj{ nfU5 . gkfp“bf

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g'g gxfn]sf] t/sf/L em} nfU5 . sf/0f, s0f{ zfSon] eGg'x'G5, xjf{];“u d]/f] tLgj6f ;DaG5 5 . Kflxn]fM xjf{]n] xfn ljlqm ljt/0f ul//x]sf] xjf{] k|m]; hL / xjf{] DofS; hLsf] pTkfbs sDkgL uf]vf{ cfo'j{]bsf ;+:yfks s0f{ zfSo g} x'g'x'G5 . cfh uf]vf{ cfo'j{]b sDkgL of] l:yltdf k'Ug' s0f{ zfSosf] ;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] pkh g} xf] . h;sf] pTkfbgaf6 cfh xjf{]sf] cfd u|fxs ju{ ;Gt'i6 x'g'x'G5 . bf];|f]M xjf{]sf] cf}krfl/s sfo{qmdsf] z'?jftf g} kfs{ len]h l/;f]6, a'9fgLns07af6 z'? ePsf] lyof] . h;sf] r]o/k;{g klg s0f{ zfSo g} x'g'x'G5 . t];|f]M xjf{] OG6g{]zgn k|f=ln=sf] klxn]f cf}krfl/s sfo{qmdsf k|d'v clylt klg s0f{ zfSo g} x'g'x'GYof] . To; cy{df, s0f{ zfSo / xjf{] OG6g{]zgn k|f=ln=sf] ;DaGw Pp6f 5'§} vfnsf] 5, h'g lg/Gt/ /xL /xg]5 . lsgsL xaf{] k|f=ln= / cfd xjf{]jfbLx?sf] nfuL s0f{ zfSo h:tf] k|]/0ffsf] ;|f]t / k|]/s JolQmTjsf] dfu{ bz{g ;w} cfjZos eO/xg]5 . cfd xjf{]jfbLx? Kflg ;kmntf rfxG5g . ;kmn x'gs} nfuL JolQmjfbL k|j[ltnfO{ 5f]8]/ xjf{]jfbLx? /fi6«k|lt ;dlk{t tg . ;dfhdf s]xL ug{ / eljiodf cfpbf] k':tfsf] nfuL k|]/0ffsf] ;|f]t aGg rfxG5g . To;}n] s0f{ zfSosf] ;f]rnfO{ dgg ub{} pxf“nfO{ /f]n df]8nsf] ?kdf u|x0f ug{'eof] eg] tkfO{sf] ;kgf cjZo g} ;kmn x'g]5 . ef]lnsf] k':tfsf] k|]/s JolQmTj tkfO{ g} x'gx' 'g]5 . ;kmntfsf] nflu xflb{s z'e]R5f .

DEDICATED TO THE POSITIVE THINKER Anil Chitrakar, Ashoka Fellow, August 21, 2004 Positive thinkers are fundamentally changing societies that were worse off than Nepal just a few decades ago and attaining unprecedented economic and social progress. As I traveled the world on various assignments, I keep asking one question: who was behind this positive change? The answer is not a government, politician, a piece of legislation, a ministry or a foreign aided project; but an individual who

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was a positive thinker, saw a problem and recognized the opportunity, articulated a simple idea, pursued it with unwavering passion and then made it happen. Karna Sakya is just that person. There is no dearth of phrases people use to make us think positively. What seem more rare are people who actually live their life no other way! Among these rare people Karna Sakya definitely stands out as living proof of the limitless powers of thinking and living positively. The past 60 years for Nepal has oscillated from the dark to the bright and back to the dark times. The country witnessed the end of Rana autocracy and embarked on a brief experiment with democracy. “Development” efforts were carried out with one party democracy and then we reverted back to multi party democracy. God king became constitutional monarch. Hunting grounds for the rich and powerful became national parks. Forests went from being the states’ largest source of revenue to being managed by communities. A country that had remained isolated to the world opened its doors to ‘mass’ tourism. Kathmandu, whose population had seen little growth over the past 2000 years, began to see unprecedented in migration. Water and air have become scarce resources. Industries began to compete for the same resources; people who worshipped the gods for all ills began to learn about deadly diseases such as cancer. While all this was happening Karna Sakya was watching, listening, analyzing, mobilizing and launching new ideas as opportunities came up. Each challenge or crisis in his life and in the country became an opportunity for him. Being a true entrepreneur who was passionate and persistent, each of his ideas was a success resulting from initial frustration. Whether in the business of tourism or in the cause of cancer relief, whether it was publishing or preserving Nepal’s unique natural and built heritage, this man excelled. At a time when most Nepalis shrugged off their shoulders and muttered “ke garne”, Karna made things happen and changed our society for the better.

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There are many of us trying to understand the ingredients of positive change for Nepal. It is like a puzzle with too many pieces. Reading the life of Karna Shakya provides us a unique key and window to Nepal. Through his eyes and his ever-positive mind and kind heart, one can sort through the many layers of complicated issues and see and experience how to bring positive impact in Nepal. These insights are useful not just for our work but also for our communities, our families and to our own lives and of those close to us. In authoring this auto-biography and giving us an insiders view of how Nepal and Nepali society works and thinks, Karna Sakya has once again set a unique precedent and will hopefully encourage others to do the same. Young Nepalese today, more than ever before, need to know why and how Nepal is what it is today. This insight has been lost for most portions of our history because hired pundits and sycophants only wrote praises of their patrons in power. Autobiographies by prominent citizens like Karna will give us a more accurate view and enable learning of real history and the social sciences of the period. This book is not a prescription for Nepal nor a “how to succeed” manual for the young and ambitious. Reading it, one does realize that it has enough clues, analysis, and insights to be able to guide any aspiring Nepali towards success. The only condition is that, like Karna Sakya, you must believe in the power of positive thinking. You will be tested all the time on this one condition as Karna was and is continually tested. There was no stopping Karna in the past and there will be no stopping Karna for many more years. The future belongs to the positive thinker.

Encouraged to work in Nepal Roshan Maharjan, Plazmatech Pvt. Ltd,

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I got really a positive thought after reading your book SOCH that I bought during the Book Fair at Bhrikuti Mandap this year.... I am now inspired and encouraged to work in Nepal and started working here... though I was trying to go abroad for the job before. I am in Computer Software Field and now working as a Senior System Analyst and Senior Oracle Database Programmer for Plazmatech. Pvt. Ltd. (www.plazma.com.np)leaving Cosmic Air's Job before (till 5th May,2006) for several reasons and problems there.....I thank you for such an inspirational book. I hope to see you in Person one day.

Meet you face to face Narendra I read your book; I am very much impressed by your Soch and struggle. What a man are you doing such kind of good thing for our nation? "One paisa in one cigarette" what a great soch. Best wishes of your new soch. I think you are so busy in your business and in many other social duties but I have great intension to meet you face to face for few movements if possible.

Feeling of responsibility GR Paudel and friends, BRUSSELS, 2005/11/24 Probably you may have received my earlier mail about earthquake for long time. I am sending mail to different govt. dept. but they did not care and have not received any reply. Now day I am reading SOCH of Mr. Karna Sakya. I know there is www.nepalnature.com with

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dedicated Team for conservation. Please accept my up coming mail about earthquake occurring in Nepal and how to forecast such devastating consequences. We know science is going more ahead ...if we make some effort to forecast up coming quake, we will be able to minimize the loss of property and life in future. Perhaps Mr. Sakya can help it out.

Arjun Bhandari, United Kingdom, 2006/8/1 I have had a chance to read your "SOCH" and found really good book. I also found about your nepalnature.com. I have told many people about "nepalnature" who have visited or about to visit Nepal from Great Britain. I respect your thought regarding the tourism industry. I wish you all the best.

Literally stunned Sujeena Shakya, 2006/10/3 I was literally stunned by the power and magnitude of your "SOCH". After going through each and every pages of the book, I felt like a different person- your book is really amazing. I'm a student of humanities in White House College in class 11 and your book has really inspired me a lot and it has the power of changing the lives of so many teenagers and youths like us. I regard you as one of my role-models and

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am desperately waiting to share my thoughts and learn from you someday. Hoping to hear from you soon.

Ode of SOCH Ranga Sagar October 17, 2006 Until now I never knew Insomnia could be a pleasure I swallowed a book and its view All through it was a treasure To start a goodnight sleep I used to read book in bed This time to stop sleep “Soch” was on my head Happiness, sorrow or the diary of treasure Expressions are in delicious literature SOCH is all-time book: past, present and future For any positive mind, it is an inspiring tutor Through Karna one can travel the world Silver mind extract silver, golden can get gold For love, peace and harmony, against crime and sword SOCH can be a key to develop this world True citizens, true service to the nation Karna lives in creation and innovation May you live for hundreds of years God, instill to all citizens rich thought of yours

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A Fragment Could I remount the river of my years To the first fountain of our smiles and tears I could not trace again its stream of hours Between its outworn banks of withered flower But did it flow as now _until it glides Into the number of then nameless tides What is this death a quiet of the heart The whole of that of which we are a part For life is but a vision-what I see Of all which lives alone is life to me And being so-the absent are the dead Who haunt us from tranquility-and spread A dreary shroud around us-and invest With sad remembrances our hours of rest The absent are the dead, - for they are cold, And ne'er can be what once we did behold And they are changed -and cheerless - or if yet The unforgotten do not all forgetSince this divided - equil must it be

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If the deep barrier be of earth or sea It may be both but one day end it must In the dark union of insensate dust. The under earth inhabitants are they But mingled million decomposed to clay The ashes of a thousand ages spread Wherever man has trodden or shall tread Or do they in their silent cities dwell Each in his incommunicative cell or have they there own language- and a sense Of breathless being -darkened and intense As midnight in her solitude-oh earth Where are past- and wherever had they birth The dead are these inheritors-and we But bubbles on the surface:-and the key of the profoundity is in the grave, The portal of the universal cave Where I would walk in spirit-and behold

The Thinker Abha Eli Phoboo Metro –Feb 26, 2004 The world is theirs' those who have the ability to transform pain into power. 'Soch' is a book dedicated to the people who have always thought of Nepal as a country with enormous potential. And to those who have turned their thoughts into action. Karna Sakya single-handedly laid the foundation for Nepal as a prime tourist destination. The raging

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conflict has sown anxiety and frustration. In all this Sakya sees opportunities. "We have become demoralized and skeptical. We have lost confidence," says Sakya. "We blame it all on conflict. My purpose for writing this book was to tell people that Nepal is not a lost cause. We need to take our chances." Without conflict, the process of democracy wouldn't begin," says Sakya also known as the founder of Thamel. He began writing 'Soch' in English but questioned himself, "Who am I writing for? It is us, Nepalis who need to make this a better place." He began again in Nepali. This is his statement: "Why now after years of killings and losing confidence? Now, when people are on the verge of declaring Nepal a failed state? "All is not lost. I had to get this book out now. Our graduates are going to the Arab countries to build their roads as laborers; our students are flying to the US and working in Laundromats. There is so much opportunity here waiting." Sakya states, "Ten years ago, there were corruption and procedural difficulties. Ten years ago, media was manipulated. Today, we have more than 32 FM stations in Nepal, so many newspapers and TV channels. Today, we are exporting vegetables and fruits. Ten years ago, I lost my wife and child to cancer. Today, we have one of the most important cancer hospitals in South Asia." A few days ago, Sakya visited Karnali, a region that has been in much debate for its lack of development. "Karnali will one day be a prime tourist destination," predicts Sakya. Difficulties are relative and development is comparative. "We are all candles. We need to be lit. If in the Malla ages, we made eight monuments that have become World Heritage Sites, we can do it again. We are sitting on a gold mine and

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looking for steel. If life were easy, there would be no dynamism. Only those lucky have problems to overcome."

Metro-March11, 2004 (Based on book Soch by Karna Sakya.) Nepal is a small, beautiful and manageable country. We have lots of options and opportunities. There is no competition in genuine entrepreneurship. It has to be innovative. If someone kicks off a project with commitment and dedication, it can easily be translated into action in Nepal. This is one of the few countries where we can make things happen. Water gets tasty when we are thirsty, we enjoy food when we are hungry, the sun rises after its pitch dark- these are all facts of life. Any problem is a challenge and challenge is life. Problems seek solutions and solutions open up the doors to development. Therefore, problems often knock only at a lucky man's door. More problems mean more solutions and more development. We can run away from problems but we cannot hide from them forever. Truth has many faces. Assumption and perception have many aspects: it's like a kaleidoscopic. Some looks at Lord Krishna as a karmayogi (doer) while skeptics see him as a chalkapati (manipulator). Similarly Buddha is a messenger of peace for some and for a few others; he could be an escapist who deserted his own new-born child and wife. Ram is known as a maryada purush (ethical god) but he is also the one who sent thousands of soldiers to be killed only to save his wife from Ravana. How do we evaluate Ganeshman - as a great politician who

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sacrificed premiership for others or the one who chickened out from his responsibilities? Therefore, before we jump into any conclusion, especially in very sensitive matters, we should think twice. When skeptics reign high, the society turns mad and pandemonic. We cannot wake up a deep sleep of suspicion and pessimism; it has to be shaken up violently and repeatedly. Nepal is turning deaf with high anxiety. At this unfortunate crossroad, someone has to ring a bell of hope again and again. Appreciation of a job well done and encouragement for constructive attempts are as essential as criticisms for wrong doings. The human brain is not bigger than the size of a fist of a person but it is deeper than an ocean and can accommodate the whole galaxy within a blink of an eye. Every brain harbors negative and positive elements. If we churn our grey matter with positive thinking, it provides ambrosia, but if mobilized in a negative way, it vomits poison. .

Fresh Outlook By Keshav Poudel, Metro May 6, 2004 From environment to tourism and social life to cultural and health sector, name of Karna Sakya is established everywhere. He has

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made enormous contributions in those areas. At a when majority of Nepali intellectual and leading business groups are following the path of cynicism, Sakya has come out with a book that gives fresh perspective about the happenings in the country and has called for the importance of spreading the message of hope and optimism. "Soch (Thought) is a kaleidoscope that displays the pattern of perception and thoughts. It helps us distinguish many faces of truth, empowering a sense of judgment and it increases the power of positive thinking. Anxiety and skepticism when reign high, the disillusioned society needs to be resuscitated with morale, confidence and trust. Soch to me is self-esteem, optimism, conviction and hope," said author Sakya. Sakya, who played a leading role in collecting the fund to establish the Cancer hospital in Nepal, is a well-known environmentalist and tourism entrepreneur. One of the important aspects of the book is that he has attempted to see Nepalese society through the eyes of positivism. When a large number of Nepalese intellectuals are trying to discredit the open system and political actors of the time, Sakya highlighted their personal performance. "Despite some errors, this is a good book which provides information for brain storming," said Dr. Harka'Gurung, a renowned Nepalese scholar, evaluating his book at a release ceremony. Although Sakya released a book chal lenging the pessimism, cynicism of contemporary Nepalese society, he seems to be unable to discard the ritual of releasing the book by inviting scholars and colleagues to listen to the contribution of the author. Like all other book releasing ceremony, Sakya, too, invited more than two hundred people of different walks of life. Moderated by his long time friend Rajendra Shrestha, author Sakya seemed to have enjoyed the two-hour-long ceremony where critics

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Dr. Harka Gurung, Dr. Tirtha Bahadur Shrestha, Rajendra Shrestha, Ukesh Bhuju and journalist Bhairab Rishal spared their time talking about Sakya's contribution. Sakya has shown courage to speak the truth and reality of Nepalese society. "There are tremendous changes in the livelihood of Nepalese. Two decades ago when I traveled to remote areas, illiteracy was rampant and people did not have shoes to wear. In my recent visit to Humla, I found the change in terms of literacy, quality of life and development," said Sakya. "Despite some difficulties due to conflict, the country has prosperous future." "At a time when most Nepalese shrug off their shoulders and muttered 'ke garne', Karna Sakya has made things happen and changed our society for the better. He wants all those Nepalese, for whatever reasons and wherever they may be in the worlds, who feel let down by the situation in Nepal. Through this book, he wants to convey the message that Nepal is and will be what each one of us decides to make it," writes Anil Chitrakar, an Asoka Fellow. Whether an idea to organize Visit Nepal Year 1998, or protecting the environment or establishing the cancer hospital, Sakya has made many important contributions. Along with all these contributions, Sakya now wants to share the happiness of positive thinking. In his book, Sakya also shows that how positive thinking can bring about the change. Just when the pall of cynicism and negativism is enveloping the whole society, Sakya has attempted to raise hopes through his positive thinking.

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5. Eternal Optimistic By Biswas Baral, The Himalayan Times, Oct.18, 2004

Unlike many thinkers and commentators who continually mourn the dismal state of our country, Karna Sakya believes Nepal still has a lot to offer. Soch, “Karna Sakya’s first major venture in Nepali literature is a collection of memories, a travelogue; a manual for successful entrepreneurship and most importantly a prescription for all disprinted Nepalis. Sakya is a visionary and a highly passionate person. The subtle blending of these two attributes confers on him the resoluteness palpable in all his undertakings. He cannot sit idle for any length of time with his get go mentality and is constantly haunted by new ideas. That the majority should remain ignorant about a man who has contributed so much to our society is indeed sad. Sakya, sometimes single-handedly and working up to 20 hours a day, has envisioned and handled some of the most important and ambitious projects, mostly in the fields of nature conservation and tourism. And remarkably, due to his uncompromising nature, he has managed to keep his image clean, even when muddled in the often dirty bureaucracy. Visit Nepal Year, 1996; Cancer Hospital With One Paisa, 1989; Tundikhel Road Expansion, 1997; Dream Garden , Keshar Mahal, 1998 are some of the important proposals he has presented and helped materialize. The development of Bharatpur as a medical city and the introduction of the concept of endemic tourism (a small-scale, epicurean concept of tourism) in Nepal can also be credited to him.

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Though, reading between the lines in “Soch,” Sakya’s reluctances to open up completely is palpable at times; but, by and large, he is open and honest. He is very emotional, he admits –his eyes well up at touching moments during mushy Hindi movies. And he doesn’t shirk away from mentioning his poor accounting skills. Even today he is unable to differentiate between debit and credit. But he knows his strength and is proud of what he has done so far. The book as a travelogue is pretty interesting as well. Sakya narrates his vast and sometimes amusing experiences- from swimming naked in the Great Barrier Reef in Australia to the tussle with a pickpocket in Italy – he has gained during his extensive travels, both in Nepal and away, with the aplomb of a consummate raconteur. But the most important point “Soch” strives to hit home is: Unlike what many thinkers and commentators who continually mourn the dismal state of our country today believe, Nepal still has a lot to offer. Those who depict Nepal’s situation as dreadful and hopeless are doing a disservice to our nation; they are failing to put things into a larger perspective, Sakya contends. Despite the cripping insurgency, our social reforms and economic achievements since the restoration of democracy are commendable, he says. Yes, without the rebellion, we could have achieved much more, but the situation is not as bad as many intellectuals like to put it. He believes Nepal does not lack opportunities. But because the youth shun certain jobs, an apparent vacuum has been created. We don’t take up these vocations because of our spurious notion of dignity. With formal education is invariably being forgotten. On a personnel note, there are small pretty touching chapters. The untimely demise of his first wife, Sanuchori, and his eldest daughter, Samjhana, both of cancer, left a gaping void in his life. The revelation Sakya has abed in a Bangkok hospital, where he is admitted for a

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suspected case of prostate cancer himself, terminates an emotional roller coaster that this book is. Any thoughtful Nepali, in Sakya’s optimistic portrait of today’s Nepal, will find plenty to mull over. “Soch” is a mirror every Nepali should take him to look into. An illuminating read, indeed.

Positive Thoughts Work The Rising Nepal Oct.29, 2004 POSITIVE thoughts and ideas are very effective tools to bring about desirable changes in the society. There are many examples that positive thinkers have transformed even the most backward societies into modern ones within a short span of time. To replace the negative attitudes with positive and creative ones is required at a time when a state of confusion and utter frustration is haunting the minds of the Nepalese people: Karna Sakya's Soch, which is his autobiography, conveys the message of positive thinking. The central theme of the book is `be positive and think positive'. He is an environmentalist turned tourism entrepreneur. ; His major brainchild includes the first national tourism campaign- Visit Nepal Year 1998, and Sports Himalaya Year 2001, the Mountain Memorial Park at Kakani and the idea of levying one paisa per cigarette pipe for the construction of the cancer hospital. Decorated with several national and international prestigious awards, he has five books to his credit. The book is divided into 18 chapters. In the first chapter, he highlights the significance of positive thinking that brings in optimism

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and hope in a person's life. He calls on everybody to have positive thought and attitude towards every individual, ideology and object. His distinct thought is reflected when he writes about positive aspects of the Nepalese political scenario after the restoration of the multiparty democracy. At a time when NC President and former Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala are being criticized by different quarters, Sakya cites .many Food aspects of the leader. He lauds Koirala for implementing Sakya's proposal to levy charges on cigarette for the construction of a cancer hospital. In the second and the third chapter, he talks about the political situation of Nepal. He disagrees with the ongoing rumor that the country is going to collapse. His optimistic minds see a lot of prospects of leading the country to prosperity. He hopes that many anomalies seen in the political sector would be rooted out with the growing level of thinking and understanding among the people and the leaders. In the fourth chapter, the author recalls his travel to different national parks and remote but scenic places like Dolpa and Manang. As he pleads for nature-based and endemic tourism, he is not in favor of `mass tourism'. The fifth chapter is related to his family and reveals how his family had entered into hotel business from gold business. In the sixth chapter, he shows his deep love for nature. He gives vivid descriptions of attractive areas such as the Annapurna Sanctuary and his interest and involvement in the field of nature conservation. In the seventh chapter, he, reveals reveals his intimacy and friendship with P.L.Singh. His 29-point proposal for giving a face –lift to the capital city of Kathmandu is also included in this chapter. The eighth chapter is related to his brainchild of Dream Garden at Kesharmahal. In the ninth chapter, he shares his pains and sufferings, as he recalls how he lost his wife and daughter. He reveals his sad feelings through his poem- Kaal Sanga Ko Ladain (A fight with death). In the 10"

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chapter, he recalls his efforts to materialize his dream of the cancer hospital in the_11th chapter; he talks about his new lease of life that he received after he married Sushila. In the 12th chapter, he again talks about the country. He says that Nepal holds many 3 comparative advantages over other countries. In the 13th chapter, he describes about his travel to several countries. The 14th chapter is dedicated to the Visit Nepal Year 1998. The event was instrumental in promoting Nepal internationally and generating public awareness about the importance of tourism for the country. The 15" chapter deals with his life and business, while the next chapter is dedicated to his initiation of endemic tourism. In the 17th chapter, he offers some tips to be a successful businessman. In the final chapter, he shares his experience when he visited Bangkok for his health check-up. On the whole, this is a useful book not only for travel trade entrepreneurs but also for social workers, environmentalists and development planners as well. To sum up in his words, Soch is a kaleidoscope that displays the pattern of perception and thoughts.

Nation Weekly, Dec. 12 2004 •

Nepalis are extremely prone to the situation: they are good in a good environment and likewise, they are bad in a bad situation. We can see this very clearly in our government offices. Most government offices are extremely disorganized and are in a complete mess: the desks are

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covered by inches of dust; important documents and files are kept in dirty clothes and stacked on top of each other over equally dirty cupboards. The staff members are engrossed in gossip, wasting office time criticizing their seniors as corrupt and their juniors as useless, pretending that the self is the only one who is Ms. / Mr. Right. Basking in the sun during winters and reading each and every word printed in the newspaper is their daily office routine. •

However, this is not always a true reflection of what Nepalis are. In government offices, they might appear like deadwood and inefficient, but they are extremely good in highly professional work places like private sector and foreign institutions. And most importantly, they are the fantastic entrepreneurs. In a country like India, one has to visit a five star hotel to eat good apple pies, cheese cakes and other gourmet food. But in Nepal, the same fare is available not only in Thamel but even in remote places like Jomsom.

•

It is again the same Nepalis who are excellent doctors, engineers and adventurous pilots. They are the ones who manage five star hotels, coordinate highly skilled mountaineering expeditions, organize the world's best trekking and rafting services, run corporate business houses, operate banking institutions and they are the ones who fully assist the modern offices of international organizations like UNDP, INGO' S and the various embassies and foreign missions. The point is, it is not the Nepalese who are to blame - the fault lies with the system.

•

There are many highly educated people in Nepal, some of whom have graduated with top honors from some of the best universities of the world. Despite their brilliance, most of them are frustrated because they are lying rotten in government offices. Head Hunting is never done seriously in Nepal, it is rather abused. The right people are often found working in the wrong places. When the Prime Minister nominates ministers, he often finds people who don't disagree with

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him. The ministers in turn recommend secretaries who always say "yes minister", the secretaries appoint sycophant directors who don't argue and the chain continues only to turn the whole mechanism of administration into a complete chaos, corrupt and ineffective. Due to this, both capable and incapable government servants are under constantly psychological pressures. The capable are frustrated because they are in position where they cannot make decisions and the incapable are mentally stressed because they are not able to make any decisions. •

The situation gets worse, when bureaucrats dictate the technocrats; ministers manipulate the bureaucrats, politicians dominate the ministers and the politicians are hard pressed by the native constituents. This is the biggest and most complex vicious circle that creates a "Catch 22" situation, one that haunts the Nepalese bureaucracy. In all these interrelations, there is a nexus of political and social interest. Therefore it's not the people who are insufficient; it is the system and management that worsens our situation. (Based on conversations with Karna Sakya)

Nepali Times 15-21 April, 2005 The beginning prepares the reader on what to expect from the book. 'In a society, only, 5-6 % think positive, 15-16% think negative and 79-80 % remain undecided and flow with the tide. This is a grave situation for any country. Efforts should be made to influence the undecided 80% people with the thoughts process of the 5 % positive thinkers and not by the 15% negative thinkers. This will take the society to read the better path.'

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A strong believer in the power of positive thinking, Karna Sakya's 'Soch' embodies just that. Taking the reader through his life on an autobiolographical journey, Karna provides us with a window to view the country on how positives change have been brought about, will be brought about and guide any aspirant Nepali towards success. The only blemish one can notice is the stark absence of any accompanying photographs that would have held so much of significance to the book of such historical importance and magnitude. Equally conspicuous is the death of a glossary and an index usually found at the end of every good book. Nevertheless, timing and forethought has always been synonymous with Karna. Soch provides the much needed shot in the arm at a time when the country is going through tough times. A must read, Soch brings hope and conveys the thought that Nepali will be what each of us wants it to be.

A gift for Nepal Rita Dhital, The Himalayan Times June 3, 2005 Many Nepalese knew Karna Sakya only as a tourism entrepreneur until his book ' Soch', written by hi m for the first time in the Nepali language came into the market, though he has written and published quite a number of books, articles and writings in English earlier. 'Soch', with record sales of more than 4,000 copies in less than six months, has become one of the largest selling and most talked about books in recent times. For the contribution he has made by writing such a thought provoking book that was able to attract hordes of young readers, Sakya was recently awarded the Uttam Shanti Puraskar 2061. The award consisted of cash worth Rs. 25,000 and a citation. Born in a Newar

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family and brought up speaking the Newari language, Sakya did not know Nepali until 11. When the thought of writing a book came to his mind, started writing it in English. Forty pages into the book he started having second thoughts. "I questioned myself 'Why am I writing this for outsiders or for the small section of m y society who read books written also in the English language when the subject is of significance to all Nepali readers ?," shares Sakya. Sakya's book questions the negativity widespread in the daily conversations of people of all ages and professions. Is the situation of the country and society really as bad as considered by most, he asks. "We (Nepal) don't have terminal cancer, only a psychosomatic disorder but one that is pushing the country hard towards an unfortunate and uncalled for 'anti-establishment syndrome," Sakya explains. Sakya also states that he has discovered many positive aspects and evidence of growth in the country, which, he believes, should be emphasized to convert the prevalent pessimism into a constructive outlook towards life. He says, "There are, perhaps, more positive and inspiring stories to be revealed. There are many positive stories to be revealed. There are many positive stories that inspire and motivate the young to redouble their efforts and show them the way forward. This book would help distinguish the many faces of truth, empowering us with a sense of judgment and increasing our power of positive thinking. When anxiety and skepticism reign, a disillusioned society needs to be revived with good morale, confidence and trust. 'Soch ' will definitely be able to provide this lost self-esteem, optimism, lost self-esteem, optimism, conviction and hope." Some might believe that Sakya's optimism stems from his lifelong affluence, but he clarifies, "Positivism is not a prerogative of the privileged. Negativity is harbored deep in cynical minds and not

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necessarily in hungry stomachs. Nepal is and will be what each of us decides to make of it."

Accidental businessman Karna Sakya’s positive outlook needs to spread Three years ago, GTZ’s Business Services Aadhar started a monthly business forum in Kathmandu. The idea was to invite Nepal’s leading businesspeople to talk reflectively and candidly about their lives in business with about 60 young private sector professionals. One invite was hotelier and conservationist Karna Sakya, 62 who has since expanded his one hour talk into a 286-page self-published book called "Soch". Written in conversational Nepali with an unbeat tone, Soch (meaning: thought') is a collage of autobiography, travelogue, advice for young entrepreneurs, thoughts on progress that Nepali has made and suggestions about how Nepal can further live up to its potential. Reading the book, Sakya's life has been an extraordinary one. When most of his contemporaries were happy to retire Sakya had at least three different careers: a government technocrat, a businessman and a conservationist. Born in an upper class yet traditional Newari family, he eschewed family jewelry business to study forestry in Dehradun. A job as a wildlife officer at the Department of Forests allowed this young man from Kathmandu's Asan to travel far and wide across Nepal in the 1960s, from the unexplored jungles of the tarai to the hills and the mountains of Dolpo and the Annapurna region. His innate love for nature, together with his work to start conservation parks, showed him that when it came to tourism in Nepal, 'plenty of opportunities were always around us'.

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The realization emboldened him to enter the hospitality business. He turned his home into Kathmandu Guest House, which served 'non – hippie guests' in the 1970's and eventually became the catalyst that accelerated the transformation of sleepy Thamel into a bustling tourist hub. What is remarkable today is not that Sakya is a successful hotelier, it is that his entrepreneurship was in being able to leave behind the familiarity of family business and the security of a government job to chase a potential and, in the process, help start Nepal's tourism industry from scratch. (See also: 'Karna's Karma,' #137. In the 1980's and 1990's, Sakya used his growing profile to advance social causes. After losing wife and daughter to cancer, he translated grief into action to raise money through walkathons, ball dances, concerts and cigarette taxes to help build a cancer hospital in Bhaktapur. He convinced the government to set aside the year 1998 as Visit Nepal Year and oversaw coordinated nationwide efforts to upgrade tourism-related infrastructure. In both instances, Sakya played the role of a master salesman; someone who persuaded a wide variety of people about the merits of his ideas, won over skeptics through a combination of hard work, hustle and enthusiasm and used influence to mobilize recourses to come up with solutions to public problems. Indeed, what comes through clearly in the book is Sakya's penchant for coming up with problems to solve-a desire that he has not ended now that he has beaten prostrate cancer to submission. Soch suffers from three flaws. First, it could have been better edited for language. Second, by painting a cloying sunny outlook about Nepal's possible future, it fails to tell us just how Sakya himself overcame specific administrative and logistical difficulties that hobble most enterprises in Nepal. And third, most of his suggestions can sound irritatingly preachy at least to the younger generation which has grown both wary and weary of naïve romancing of this country's unlimited potential in, well, everything . These quibbles aside, I would recommend

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this book for the window it provides us to see what drives one of our most restless corporate citizens to do things that he does for himself and for us.

"Soch" A must read book Dr. Pradeep Man Tulachan I am not a writer but an economist by profession. My six technical books are being published by international development organisations. However, I am always interested to read non-technical books. I had heard of a book called "Soch" written by Mr. Karna Sakya for a long time. Finally, I took two days off and read his book very carefully. Once I started reading, I could not stop until finishing the whole book. CONGRATULATIONS Karna jee! You did a marvellous job as a practical and positive writer who can change the society and country for a better place to live in! Under the current situation of Nepal, "Soch" gives us Nepalese hope of development and better days. It does so through facts and evidence. The book shows that development in Nepal is possible if Nepalese are to be determined. Karna jee clearly shows us that our beautiful country lacks nothing required for a positive change. Hence, I recommend that our leaders, policy makers, planners, government officials, and development workers read it, hoping they too have more practical visions, missions, and approaches like Karna Jee's. The book has plenty examples where Karna jee as a humble

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citizen contributed to the development of our country. His hard work, persuasions, pro-activeness and patience have resulted into many positive and innovative development activities. It also shows his selflessness. A few examples of his great works include his plans in creating national parks and cancer hospitals. On the other hand, Karna jee as a human being has shown ample love and affection to his friends and family – which should be a valuable lesson to today's youth. As such, I found Soch 'a must read' for every Nepalese of all ages. I mailed this book as a birth day present to my son who is studying in the USA. And I am giving another copy of his book to my daughter who is now 8th grader in Malpi International School, Panauti on her birthday. Finally, perhaps translating Karna's book "Soch" into an international language such as English can provide opportunity for thousands or millions of global people to read his book. While he may do so, he may like to change some of the contents of the book to suit the international audience but bringing Nepal's unique natural beauty and simplicity of Nepalese people up front. Just a suggestion! Perhaps, Karna jee is already doing it or thinking to do so!

From Read Loona Shrestha Thakur; Author of 'Journey to the Self' Just finished reading 'Soch' by Karna Sakya. I liked it very much, for the wisdom and social messages that it tries to impart.

Sunil Pokharel, Theatre Actor and Director, Gurukul

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I don't get time to read because of my hectic work schedule. But I try to read whenever I get a break from work. I just finished reading 'Soch' by Karna Sakya. An interesting book, I should have read it earlier. His efforts to build a cancer hospital, Annapurna Conservation Camps and his innovative ideas like visit Nepal inspire the readers to do something worthy.

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