Part 4
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4.0 Editing Commands 4.1 Selecting Objects To activate the editing command first you need to select the object. AutoCAD gives you several methods to select the objects some of the very important methods explained as follows. •
•
By pointing – When “Select objects”, is prompted, a small square is appeared on the screen instead crosshairs. What you have to do is just give a mouse click on which the object to be selected. Then the object will be selected and appears in dashed lines.
Select A only By a Window – If you reply with “W” then you will be asked to give two opposite corners of a window. Using this method you have to select the window such a way that the object is totally enclosed by the window.
Selects D & E •
• • • •
By a crossing Window – If you reply with “U” then you will be asked to give two opposite corners of a window. Here, any object which enclosed or touched by the window will be selected.
Selects A,C,D,E Remove – Suppose you want to remove an object while you are selecting the objects. Then you can remove that object by simply typing “R” and deselect the object by clicking on it. Add – After removing objects, you can return to select object prompt by typing “A” Fence – By typing “F” you can specify a fence. All the objects which crossed by the fence will be selected. The fence is specified by giving points. Undo - Deselect the last selected object
•
Last – Selects the last object drawn.
4.2 ERASE Modify » Erase This allows you to remove the selected objects from the AutoCAD drawing. Command: _erase Select objects: Pick an object to delete Select objects: Pick an object or to terminate the command
4.3 OOPS This command restores the objects which have been erased by last ERASE command. Command: oops
4.4 UNDO (cont+z) This command simply undoes the previously executed command.
4.5 REDO (cont+y) This command will activate after undo have been performed.
4.6 COPY Modify » Copy This command will enable user to create duplicates of the object without changing the original object. (Without changing the position, dimension, properties, etc) Command: _copy Select objects: Select object to copy Select objects: Specify base point or [Displacement]: Specify a base point Specify second point or <use first point as displacement>: Specify the destination Specify second point or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>:
Base Point
Copied objects
4.7 MOVE Modify » Move This command will enable you to move selected objects after you specified the source and destination. Command: _move Select objects: Use one of the object selection method Select objects: Specify base point or [Displacement]: Use one of the points fixing method or displacement
Specify second point or <use first point as displacement>: Use one of the points fixing method or press
4.8 ROTATE Modify ► Rotate In two dimensional drawings, ROTATE command is used to rotate the objects about a specified angle. Command: _rotate Current positive angle in UCS: ANGDIR=counterclockwise ANGBASE=0 Select objects: Select the object Select objects: Specify base point: Select a base point Specify rotation angle or [Copy/Reference] <0>: Enter required angle
A
D
B
C Original Object
D
C
A
B
After rotating 90 deg
Base Point B Angle of Rotation = 90
4.9 MIRROR Modify ► Mirror
At times we need to create objects that are symmetrical about a particular axis. In such cases MIRROR command comes in handy. Here you can either keep the original object or erase. Command: _mirror Select objects: Select the object Select objects: Specify first point of mirror line: Use one of the points fixing method Specify second point of mirror line: Use one of the points fixing method Erase source objects? [Yes/No]: choose your option or A A F C C
AB = Mirror Line Mirror Image = FGH
D
D
E B
Original Object
G
E
H B
Mirror Image and Original Object
4.10 OFFSET Modify ► Offset Offset creates a new object at a specified distance from a existing object or through a specified point. The selected objects such as polygons, which are closed, might be get scaled up or down uniformly. Command: _offset Current settings: Erase source=No Layer=Source OFFSETGAPTYPE=0 Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer]: Specify a distance Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>: Pick the object to offset Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] <Exit>: pick a point Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>:
4.11 BREAK Modify ► Break This command allows you to remove part of an object or break at a point. Command: _break Select object: select the object to be break Specify second break point or [First point]: f Specify first break point: Use one of the point fixing methods Specify second break point: Use one of the point fixing methods
P2
P1 Before break
After break
4.12 SCALE Modify ► Scale
Scale command enlarges or reduces the selected objects in the X, Y and Z directions. Command: _scale Select objects: Use one of the object selecting method Select objects: Specify base point: Use one of the point fixing method Specify scale factor or [Copy/Reference] <1.0000>: Enter scale factor
Scale Factor 0.5
Original Object
Scale Factor 2
4.13 ARRAY Modify ► Array… When you need to make multiply copies of an object ARRAY command comes in handy. After you invoke the command it displays array dialog box where you can set the number of rows, number of columns etc. Also it allows you to preview and modify the data set, prior to committing to the array. Command: array
4.14 TRIM Modify ► Trim Using this command you can cut and erase objects (straight lines, arcs etc.) across the specified points on that objects. This is useful when you want to ensure one object touches with the other one. Command: _trim Current settings: Projection=UCS, Edge=None Select cutting edges... Select objects or <select all>: Use one of the object selection method Select objects: Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]: Select the object to be trimmed
Objects to Trim
Cutting Edges
Before Trim
After Trim
4.15 EXTEND Modify ► Extend EXTEND command elongates an object to a boundary. This command facilitates you to extend an object to a boundary defined by other objects. Command: _extend Current settings: Projection=UCS, Edge=None Select boundary edges... Select objects or <select all>: Use one of the object selection method Select objects: Select object to extend or shift-select to trim or [Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/Undo]: Select object to be extend
4.16 STRETCH Modify ► Stretch Sometimes we encounter the situations where it is required to change the size of an object in one direction only. In such situations, AutoCAD provides a command called STRETCH which stretches or compresses the selected objects according to the user’s preference. Command: _stretch Select objects to stretch by crossing-window or crossing-polygon... Select objects: Select objects by any crossing object selection method Specify base point or [Displacement]: Use one of the points fixing method Specify second point or <use first point as displacement>: Use one of the points fixing method
4.17 FILLET Modify ► Fillet This command allows you to create rounded edges between two objects. When you invoking the fillet command you must remember to set the fillet radius by selecting the “Radius” option. Also you have to decide whether you trim the edges by selecting “Trim” option. Command: _fillet Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 2.0000 Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: Select first object Select second object or shift-select to apply corner: Select second object
4.18 CHAMFER Modify ► Chamfer This command is used to create bevel corners formed by two non parallel lines. Command: _chamfer (TRIM mode) Current chamfer Length = 2.0000, Angle = 60
Select first line or [Undo/Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/mEthod/Multiple]: Select first object Select second line or shift-select to apply corner: Select second object
4.19 JOIN Modify ► Join This command helps you to join the individual segments of lines, arcs, elliptical arcs and splines into a single object. Joining a line P1 Command: _join Select source object: Select the first object (P1) Select lines to join to source: 1 found Select lines to join to source: Select the second object (P2) 1 line joined to source
Joining an arc Command: _join Select source object: Select the arc Select arcs to join to source or [cLose]: L Arc converted to a circle.
Before
4.19 EXPLODE
After
Modify ► Explode This command helps you to breaks a compound object into its component objects. Command: _explode Select objects: Select the object to be exploded Select objects:
P2
Before
Join After Join
•
By pointing – When “Select objects”, is prompted, a small square is appeared on the screen instead crosshairs. What you have to do is just give a mouse click on which the object to be selected. Then the object will be selected and appears in dashed lines.
Select A only By a Window – If you reply with “W” then you will be asked to give two opposite corners of a window. Using this method you have to select the window such a way that the object is totally enclosed by the window.
Selects D & E •
• • • •
By a crossing Window – If you reply with “U” then you will be asked to give two opposite corners of a window. Here, any object which enclosed or touched by the window will be selected.
Selects A,C,D,E Remove – Suppose you want to remove an object while you are selecting the objects. Then you can remove that object by simply typing “R” and deselect the object by clicking on it. Add – After removing objects, you can return to select object prompt by typing “A” Fence – By typing “F” you can specify a fence. All the objects which crossed by the fence will be selected. The fence is specified by giving points. Undo - Deselect the last selected object
•
Last – Selects the last object drawn.
4.2 ERASE Modify » Erase This allows you to remove the selected objects from the AutoCAD drawing. Command: _erase Select objects: Pick an object to delete Select objects: Pick an object or to terminate the command
4.3 OOPS This command restores the objects which have been erased by last ERASE command. Command: oops
4.4 UNDO (cont+z) This command simply undoes the previously executed command.
4.5 REDO (cont+y) This command will activate after undo have been performed.
4.6 COPY Modify » Copy This command will enable user to create duplicates of the object without changing the original object. (Without changing the position, dimension, properties, etc) Command: _copy Select objects: Select object to copy Select objects: Specify base point or [Displacement]
Base Point
Copied objects
4.7 MOVE Modify » Move This command will enable you to move selected objects after you specified the source and destination. Command: _move Select objects: Use one of the object selection method Select objects: Specify base point or [Displacement]
Specify second point or <use first point as displacement>: Use one of the points fixing method or press
4.8 ROTATE Modify ► Rotate In two dimensional drawings, ROTATE command is used to rotate the objects about a specified angle. Command: _rotate Current positive angle in UCS: ANGDIR=counterclockwise ANGBASE=0 Select objects: Select the object Select objects: Specify base point: Select a base point Specify rotation angle or [Copy/Reference] <0>: Enter required angle
A
D
B
C Original Object
D
C
A
B
After rotating 90 deg
Base Point B Angle of Rotation = 90
4.9 MIRROR Modify ► Mirror
At times we need to create objects that are symmetrical about a particular axis. In such cases MIRROR command comes in handy. Here you can either keep the original object or erase. Command: _mirror Select objects: Select the object Select objects: Specify first point of mirror line: Use one of the points fixing method Specify second point of mirror line: Use one of the points fixing method Erase source objects? [Yes/No]
AB = Mirror Line Mirror Image = FGH
D
D
E B
Original Object
G
E
H B
Mirror Image and Original Object
4.10 OFFSET Modify ► Offset Offset creates a new object at a specified distance from a existing object or through a specified point. The selected objects such as polygons, which are closed, might be get scaled up or down uniformly. Command: _offset Current settings: Erase source=No Layer=Source OFFSETGAPTYPE=0 Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer]
4.11 BREAK Modify ► Break This command allows you to remove part of an object or break at a point. Command: _break Select object: select the object to be break Specify second break point or [First point]: f Specify first break point: Use one of the point fixing methods Specify second break point: Use one of the point fixing methods
P2
P1 Before break
After break
4.12 SCALE Modify ► Scale
Scale command enlarges or reduces the selected objects in the X, Y and Z directions. Command: _scale Select objects: Use one of the object selecting method Select objects: Specify base point: Use one of the point fixing method Specify scale factor or [Copy/Reference] <1.0000>: Enter scale factor
Scale Factor 0.5
Original Object
Scale Factor 2
4.13 ARRAY Modify ► Array… When you need to make multiply copies of an object ARRAY command comes in handy. After you invoke the command it displays array dialog box where you can set the number of rows, number of columns etc. Also it allows you to preview and modify the data set, prior to committing to the array. Command: array
4.14 TRIM Modify ► Trim Using this command you can cut and erase objects (straight lines, arcs etc.) across the specified points on that objects. This is useful when you want to ensure one object touches with the other one. Command: _trim Current settings: Projection=UCS, Edge=None Select cutting edges... Select objects or <select all>: Use one of the object selection method Select objects: Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]: Select the object to be trimmed
Objects to Trim
Cutting Edges
Before Trim
After Trim
4.15 EXTEND Modify ► Extend EXTEND command elongates an object to a boundary. This command facilitates you to extend an object to a boundary defined by other objects. Command: _extend Current settings: Projection=UCS, Edge=None Select boundary edges... Select objects or <select all>: Use one of the object selection method Select objects: Select object to extend or shift-select to trim or [Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/Undo]: Select object to be extend
4.16 STRETCH Modify ► Stretch Sometimes we encounter the situations where it is required to change the size of an object in one direction only. In such situations, AutoCAD provides a command called STRETCH which stretches or compresses the selected objects according to the user’s preference. Command: _stretch Select objects to stretch by crossing-window or crossing-polygon... Select objects: Select objects by any crossing object selection method Specify base point or [Displacement]
4.17 FILLET Modify ► Fillet This command allows you to create rounded edges between two objects. When you invoking the fillet command you must remember to set the fillet radius by selecting the “Radius” option. Also you have to decide whether you trim the edges by selecting “Trim” option. Command: _fillet Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 2.0000 Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: Select first object Select second object or shift-select to apply corner: Select second object
4.18 CHAMFER Modify ► Chamfer This command is used to create bevel corners formed by two non parallel lines. Command: _chamfer (TRIM mode) Current chamfer Length = 2.0000, Angle = 60
Select first line or [Undo/Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/mEthod/Multiple]: Select first object Select second line or shift-select to apply corner: Select second object
4.19 JOIN Modify ► Join This command helps you to join the individual segments of lines, arcs, elliptical arcs and splines into a single object. Joining a line P1 Command: _join Select source object: Select the first object (P1) Select lines to join to source: 1 found Select lines to join to source: Select the second object (P2) 1 line joined to source
Joining an arc Command: _join Select source object: Select the arc Select arcs to join to source or [cLose]: L Arc converted to a circle.
Before
4.19 EXPLODE
After
Modify ► Explode This command helps you to breaks a compound object into its component objects. Command: _explode Select objects: Select the object to be exploded Select objects:
P2
Before
Join After Join
