Pages From Lecture_8.pptx

Push vs Pull Systems

Push System

Lecture 8.6

Pull System

Based on forecasted demand that is completed and sent to the next work station or in the case of the final work station is pushed to finished goods inventory

Based on requirements of subsequent work station: o Each succeeding workstation pulls (demands) output from previous workstation as needed o Next work station determines when and how much output is requested o Output from final workstation is pulled by customer demand or the master production schedule

Push Strategy production processes with long lead times, accurate demand forecasts, large number of products produced on common production processes, low demand uncertainty, and a diverse customer base

Pull Strategy highly repetitive production processes and well‐defined work flows of standardized items (need for tighter control of inventory and output at the work stations) high demand uncertainty

Push Tools and Techniques Material Planning and Procurement Material Resources Planning

Pull Tools and Techniques Shop Floor Scheduling Just-In-Time/ Kanban / Lean tools

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Lecture 6.1

Three Types of Complexity Structural Complexity

Structural complexity looks at how many different ways system elements can be combined and their relationships It is related to the potential for the system to adapt to external needs

Dynamic Complexity Dynamic Complexity has a time element in the system which can be observed when system is used to perform particular tasks in an environment The ways in which systems interact in the short term is directly related to system behaviour, the longer term effects of using systems in an environment is related to system evolution.

Socio-Political Complexity Socio-political Complexity considers the effect of individuals or groups of people on complexity People-related complexity has two aspects: o perception of a situation as complex or not, due to multiple stakeholder viewpoints within a system context and social or cultural biases which increases complexity o “irrational” behavior of an individual or the swarm behavior of many people behaving individually in ways that make sense Emergent behaviour is unpredicted and counterproductive 2 Source: SEBOK

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Lecture 6.2

What is Self Organized Criticality? Self Organized Criticality (SOC)

Self-organized criticality is the tendency of some systems to evolve toward, and stay in, a critical state, and stays there, without external control

SOC is caused by an abrupt disturbance in a system around an attractor which results from a build-up of events without external stimuli SOC is typically observed in slowly driven non-equilibrium dynamic systems with many extended degrees of freedom and a high level of nonlinearity

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