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Mw;wiyf; fzf;fpLf/ (jhkpuj;jpd; jd; btg;g Vw;g[j;jpwd; = 386 J Kg-1 K-1) bfhLf;fg;gl;lit jhkpuj;jpd; epiw (m) = 4 fp/fp jd; btg;g Vw;g[j;jpwd; (s) = 386 J Kg-1 K-

brsuh&;l;u nky; epiyg; gs;sp. kJiu-

9 gj;jhk; tFg;g[ - mwptpay; Kf;fpa fzf;Ffs; - ,aw;gpay;

bghUbshd;wpd; gUk tphpbtz; 5.4 x 105 -1 K vdpy;. mg;bghUspd; ePs; tphpbtz; ahJ> jPh;t[ : γ = 3 α 5.4 x 10-5 = 3 α α = 5.4 x 10-5 = 1.8 x 10-5 K-1 3 2. xU !;Tl;lh; rf;fuj;jpd; tpl;lk; 40 br/kP/ me;j !;Tl;lh; 4 kP/tp vd;w ntfj;jpy; ,a’;fpdhy; Vw;gLk; nfhzj; jpirntfj;ijf; fhz;f/ bfhLf;fg;gl;lit v = 4 kP tp -1 . r = 40/2 = 20 br/kP = 0.2 kP jPh;t[ : v = rω ω = v/r = 4/ 0.2 ω = 20 nuoad; / tpdho 3. 500 fpfp epiw bfhz;l fhh; xd;W 50 kPl;lh; Muk; bfhz;l tist[g;ghijapy; 20 kP tp-2 jpirntfj;jpy; bry;tjw;Fj; njitahd ika nehf;F tpiriaf; fzf;fpLf/ bfhLf;fg;gl;lit m = 500 fp/fp/ . r = 50 kP . v = 20 kP tp -1 jPh;t[ : ikanehf;Ftpir F = mv2 = 500 x 20 x 20 r 50 = 4000 epa{l;ld; 1.

0°C btg;gepiyapy; cs;s 3 fpnyhfpuhk; gdpf;fl;oia mnj btg;gepiyapy; ePuhf khw;wj; njitahd btg;g Mw;wiyf; fzf;fpLf/ (gdpf;fl;oapd; cUFjypd; cs;Siw btg;gj;jpd; kjpg;g[ 3.34 x 105 J Kg-1) gdpf;fl;oapd; epiw = 3 fp/fp cs;Siw btg;gk; = 3.34 x 105 JKg-1 gdpf;fl;oia ePuhf khw;wj; njitahd btg;gk; Mw;wy; = Q = mL = 3 x 3.34 x 10 5 = 10.02 J 5. xU byd;rpd; Ftpaj; öuk; 40 br/kP/ vd;why; mjd; jpwd; ahJ> bfhLf;fg;gl;lit f = 40 br/kP = 0.4 kP jpwd; P = 1 = 1 = 10 = 2.5 ilahg;lh; f 0.4 4

1

btg;g epiy khw;wk; (∆ t) = 353 – 303 = 50 K njitahd btg;g Mw;wy; = Q = ms ∆ t = 4 x 386 x 50 = 77,200 J

Kf;fpa fzf;Ffs; - ntjpapay; 1.

0.1M HCl fiurypd; pH kjpg;g[ vd;d> [H+] = 0.1 = 1 x 10-1 nkhy; yp-1

` 2.

0.001 nkhy; yp-1 i\l;u$d; madpfs; brwpt[s;s fiurypy; cs;s i\l;uhf;!py; madpfspd; brwpt[ vd;d> [H+] = 0.001 = 1 x 10-3 nkhy; yp-1 [H+] [OH-] = 1 x 10-14 nkhy;2 yp-2 [OH-] = 1 x 10-14 [OH-]

4 fpnyhfpuhk; epiwa[s;s jhkpuj;jpd; btg;gepiyia303K btg;gepiyapypUe;J 353K btg;g epiyf;F cah;j;jj; njitahd btg;g

[H+] = 1 x 10-14 1 x 10-3

4.

6.

pH = ? pH = - log10[H+] = - log10[10-1] = - (-) log1010 = 1 x log1010 =1x1 pH = 1

[OH-]

= 1 x 10-14+3 = 1 x 10-11 nkhy; yp-

1

3.

fiurypd; pH kjpg;g[ 6 vdpy;. fiurypy; cs;s i\l;uhf;!py; madpfspd; brwpt[ vd;d> pH = 6 - log10[H+] = 6 ` [H+] = 1 x 10-6 nkhy; yp-1 [OH ] = 1 x 10-14 = 1 x 10-14 [H+] 1 x 10-6 [OH-]

= 1 x 10-14+6 = 1 x 10-8 nkhy; yp-1