Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery: Department Of Stomatology, The First Attached Hospital Of Zhengzhou University
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Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Department of Stomatology, the First Attached Hospital of Zhengzhou University
Introduction
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Oral and maxillofacial surgery is that branch and
specialty of dentistry which is concerned with the diagnosis, surgical treatment of disorders, diseases, injuries and defects involving both the functional and aesthetic aspects of the hard and soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial regions and related structures. including extracting teeth, treating cysts, tumors, traumatic facial injuries , fracture, cleft lip and cleft palate, etc.
Chapter one
Oral and Maxillofacial Anatomy and Examination
Part one
Oral and Maxillofacial Anatomy 1. Oral Anatomy
1 Oral Cavity ( 口腔） The oral cavity
is split into the vestibule and the oral cavity proper by the dental arches ,the alveolar processes and the gums.
.
1: Oral Vestibule
1.the dental arch: 2. Alveolar processes: The sockets in all these bones that contain the teeth are termed alveolar processes. 3.Orifice of parotid gland :in buccal mucosa opposite the upper second molar . 4. the gums :normal, healthy gingiva appears pink or salmon colored and can be smooth or stippled.
2:oral cavity proper 1:the soft palate:
the soft part of the palate, located the posterior one third of the palate , and posterior to the hard palate. 2:the hard palate: The hard palate is firmly adhered to the bones . 3:the uvula: 4:the palatine tonsil:
the hard palate The hard palate is a
composite of several bony structures and the soft tissues ( mucosae ) covered on them. Two primary sets of bones comprise the hard or bony palate. From front to back they are, the maxillas and the horizontal processes of palatine They meet in the center of the palate at the midline.
3:The Tongue 1). Dorsal Tongue:
On the surface of the tongue are rough projections called papillae. They provide the tongue with friction in dealing with food.
Papillae Papillae consisting of:
1. Filiform papillae. 2. Fungiform papillae. 3. Foliate papillae 4. Vallate papillae. a. Can vary in size and number. b. Six to nine in front of terminal sulcus. c. Form a V or Y shape.
Taste Buds The four types of taste
sensations are sweet, sour, bitter, and salty, all resulting from stimulation of the taste buds. 1 Bitterness - on the back of the tongue 2 Sweetness - on the tip 3 Sourness - on the sides of the tongue 4 Saltiness - just to rear and sides of tip
2.Ventral Tongue Lingual frenulum
may be either too short or anteriorly placed , resulting in Tongue- Tie ( Ankyloglossia ).
3.The teeth As humans, we have two sets of teeth during our lifetime: 1). Deciduous Teeth :The primary dentition is the first set of teeth we get. These are often referred to as baby teeth. There are 20 teeth in the primary dentition. 2) .Permanent Teeth :The second set of teeth that we have is referred to as the permanent dentition. The permanent dentition contains 32 teeth.
2. Maxillofacial Anatomy
The location of the bones
The Maxilla
The Maxillary Sinus The maxillary sinus
is intimately related to the upper teeth ,especially to 5-8.
The Mandible
Muscles of Mastication
Muscles of Facial Expression
Facial Nerve posterior auricular
(pa) motor branch to posterior belly of digastric (db) temporal branch (t) zygomatic branch (z) buccal branches (b) mandibular branch (m) cervical branch (c)
Trigeminal Mixed nerve with both
sensory and motor functions . The nerve divides into three branches: V1 (Ophthalmic) V2 (Maxillary) V3 (Mandibular).
Facial Blood Supply
Individual Lymph Nodes in the Head and Neck
The salivary glands 1). Parotid Gland: located on side of face 2). Submandibular Gland : beneath the floor
of the mouth 3). Sublingual Glands: located below the floor of the mouth 4). Minor Salivary Glands : scattered throughout the oral mucosae.
The Salivary Glands
Part two
Oral and Maxillofacial Examination 1. physical check-up
Dental Check-up Tools Dental / mouth mirror Dental explorer / probe Dental tweezers:
Disposable ~
Oral Cavity ( 口腔） 1.The teeth 2.The gums 3. The tongue 4. The salivary gland ducts 5. The oral mucosa
Inspection By inspection, we can see whether there
are asymmetry, swelling, tumor, defect and malformation in the oral and maxillofacial region. It is important to get the primary impression of the disease.
palpation Palpation is the basilic physical examination
for inflammation, injury, fracture, cyst, tumor in oral and maxillofacial surgery.
This is the palpation for the fluctuation of
abscess
2. auxiliary examination
Imageology A radiograph is an extremely important
diagnostic tool. These pictures show the dental professional many things that are not visible by just looking in the mouth. Therefore, radiographs are an essential part of a thorough and complete examination. CT, MRI and ultrasound are the important diagnostic tool for the hard and soft tissue disease.
Radiographs
There are three type of radiographs that are routinely taken: Bite wing used to help diagnose cavities between the teeth, as these areas are not
visible when looking directly in the mouth.
Periapical shows the entire tooth, including the root and surrounding bone. useful in diagnosing an abscess, impacted tooth or bone loss due to
periodontal disease.
Panoramic gives a view of the whole jaw. good screening tool. used for the extraction of wisdom teeth. shows any abnormal growths or cysts in the jaw bone. It is also important that old and new radiographs are compared in order to achieve an accurate diagnosis.
Radiographs
曲面断层片
( 全景片 ) Panoramic
牙片 Periapical
Laboratory and Biopsy Laboratory such as WBC , classify and
bacteriology are important to diagnose inflammation. Biopsy is the important diagnostic tool for cyst ,benign tumor and malignant tumor.
Needle biopsy is
of significance to diagnose the tumor
Department of Stomatology, the First Attached Hospital of Zhengzhou University
Introduction
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Oral and maxillofacial surgery is that branch and
specialty of dentistry which is concerned with the diagnosis, surgical treatment of disorders, diseases, injuries and defects involving both the functional and aesthetic aspects of the hard and soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial regions and related structures. including extracting teeth, treating cysts, tumors, traumatic facial injuries , fracture, cleft lip and cleft palate, etc.
Chapter one
Oral and Maxillofacial Anatomy and Examination
Part one
Oral and Maxillofacial Anatomy 1. Oral Anatomy
1 Oral Cavity ( 口腔） The oral cavity
is split into the vestibule and the oral cavity proper by the dental arches ,the alveolar processes and the gums.
.
1: Oral Vestibule
1.the dental arch: 2. Alveolar processes: The sockets in all these bones that contain the teeth are termed alveolar processes. 3.Orifice of parotid gland :in buccal mucosa opposite the upper second molar . 4. the gums :normal, healthy gingiva appears pink or salmon colored and can be smooth or stippled.
2:oral cavity proper 1:the soft palate:
the soft part of the palate, located the posterior one third of the palate , and posterior to the hard palate. 2:the hard palate: The hard palate is firmly adhered to the bones . 3:the uvula: 4:the palatine tonsil:
the hard palate The hard palate is a
composite of several bony structures and the soft tissues ( mucosae ) covered on them. Two primary sets of bones comprise the hard or bony palate. From front to back they are, the maxillas and the horizontal processes of palatine They meet in the center of the palate at the midline.
3:The Tongue 1). Dorsal Tongue:
On the surface of the tongue are rough projections called papillae. They provide the tongue with friction in dealing with food.
Papillae Papillae consisting of:
1. Filiform papillae. 2. Fungiform papillae. 3. Foliate papillae 4. Vallate papillae. a. Can vary in size and number. b. Six to nine in front of terminal sulcus. c. Form a V or Y shape.
Taste Buds The four types of taste
sensations are sweet, sour, bitter, and salty, all resulting from stimulation of the taste buds. 1 Bitterness - on the back of the tongue 2 Sweetness - on the tip 3 Sourness - on the sides of the tongue 4 Saltiness - just to rear and sides of tip
2.Ventral Tongue Lingual frenulum
may be either too short or anteriorly placed , resulting in Tongue- Tie ( Ankyloglossia ).
3.The teeth As humans, we have two sets of teeth during our lifetime: 1). Deciduous Teeth :The primary dentition is the first set of teeth we get. These are often referred to as baby teeth. There are 20 teeth in the primary dentition. 2) .Permanent Teeth :The second set of teeth that we have is referred to as the permanent dentition. The permanent dentition contains 32 teeth.
2. Maxillofacial Anatomy
The location of the bones
The Maxilla
The Maxillary Sinus The maxillary sinus
is intimately related to the upper teeth ,especially to 5-8.
The Mandible
Muscles of Mastication
Muscles of Facial Expression
Facial Nerve posterior auricular
(pa) motor branch to posterior belly of digastric (db) temporal branch (t) zygomatic branch (z) buccal branches (b) mandibular branch (m) cervical branch (c)
Trigeminal Mixed nerve with both
sensory and motor functions . The nerve divides into three branches: V1 (Ophthalmic) V2 (Maxillary) V3 (Mandibular).
Facial Blood Supply
Individual Lymph Nodes in the Head and Neck
The salivary glands 1). Parotid Gland: located on side of face 2). Submandibular Gland : beneath the floor
of the mouth 3). Sublingual Glands: located below the floor of the mouth 4). Minor Salivary Glands : scattered throughout the oral mucosae.
The Salivary Glands
Part two
Oral and Maxillofacial Examination 1. physical check-up
Dental Check-up Tools Dental / mouth mirror Dental explorer / probe Dental tweezers:
Disposable ~
Oral Cavity ( 口腔） 1.The teeth 2.The gums 3. The tongue 4. The salivary gland ducts 5. The oral mucosa
Inspection By inspection, we can see whether there
are asymmetry, swelling, tumor, defect and malformation in the oral and maxillofacial region. It is important to get the primary impression of the disease.
palpation Palpation is the basilic physical examination
for inflammation, injury, fracture, cyst, tumor in oral and maxillofacial surgery.
This is the palpation for the fluctuation of
abscess
2. auxiliary examination
Imageology A radiograph is an extremely important
diagnostic tool. These pictures show the dental professional many things that are not visible by just looking in the mouth. Therefore, radiographs are an essential part of a thorough and complete examination. CT, MRI and ultrasound are the important diagnostic tool for the hard and soft tissue disease.
Radiographs
There are three type of radiographs that are routinely taken: Bite wing used to help diagnose cavities between the teeth, as these areas are not
visible when looking directly in the mouth.
Periapical shows the entire tooth, including the root and surrounding bone. useful in diagnosing an abscess, impacted tooth or bone loss due to
periodontal disease.
Panoramic gives a view of the whole jaw. good screening tool. used for the extraction of wisdom teeth. shows any abnormal growths or cysts in the jaw bone. It is also important that old and new radiographs are compared in order to achieve an accurate diagnosis.
Radiographs
曲面断层片
( 全景片 ) Panoramic
牙片 Periapical
Laboratory and Biopsy Laboratory such as WBC , classify and
bacteriology are important to diagnose inflammation. Biopsy is the important diagnostic tool for cyst ,benign tumor and malignant tumor.
Needle biopsy is
of significance to diagnose the tumor
