TAXOL® (paclitaxel) for Adjuvant Treatment of Node Positive Breast Cancer Oncologic Drug Advisory Committee Adjuvant Chemotherapy of Breast
Cancer
Larry Norton, M.D.
Memorial SloanKettering Cancer Center New York, New York
Adjuvant Chemotherapy of Primary Breast Cancer: What We Know
• Chemotherapy Improves DiseaseFree and Overall Survival • Polychemotherapy > Monochemotherapy • Multiple Cycles > Single Exposure • No Major Advantage to Durations > 3 Months • Anthracycline Combinations > CMF
Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group Impact of Prolonged Polychemotherapy On Reducing (in % ± SD) Annual Odds of... Comparison (N)
Recurrence
Death
CMF vs. Nil (8,150)
+24 ± 3
+14 ± 4
CMF+ vs. Nil (3,218)
+20 ± 5
+15 ± 5
Anthracyclines+ vs. CMF (6,950)
+12 ± 4
+11 ± 5
Longer vs. Shorter (6,104)
+7 ± 4
1 ± 5
Lancet Vol. 352, 9/98
Simulation of Impact of Chemotherapy Annual Odds of Recurrence:
% Free of Recurrence
100
Nil = 15%/Yr
80
CMF = 11.4%/Yr (Reduced by 24%)
60
AC = 10%/Yr (Reduced by 12%)
40 AC CMF Nil
20 0
0
2
4
6
Years
8
10
Adjuvant Chemotherapy of Primary Breast Cancer: What Else We Know
• Adriamycin Doses < 40mg/m2 are Inferior to 60 mg/m2 (CALGB 8541) • Cyclophosphamide Doses > 600 mg/m2 are not Superior (NSABP B22) • Chemotherapy Seems More Effective in ER Than ER+ Disease (EBCTCG)
Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group Impact of Prolonged Polychemotherapy On Reducing (in % ± SD) Annual Odds of... Subgroup (N)
Recurrence
Death
Age < 50, ER (1398)
+40 ± 7
+35 ± 9
Age < 50, ER+ (1115)
+33 ± 8
+20 ± 10
Age ≥ 50, ER (3240)
+30 ± 5
+17 ± 6
Age ≥ 50, ER+ (6793)
+18 ± 4
+9 ± 5
Lancet Vol. 352, 9/98
Adjuvant Chemotherapy of Primary Breast Cancer: How To Improve
• DoseEscalate Anthracycline? • Integrate New Agents? – Chemotherapy? – Biological Agents?
• Improve Drug Scheduling? – DoseDensity, Sequential?
Recently Approved New Drugs for the Treatment of (Advanced) Breast Cancer: • • • •
Paclitaxel Docetaxel Capecitabine Trastuzumab
Adjuvant Chemotherapy of Primary Breast Cancer: Why Paclitaxel?
• Active as First Chemotherapy for Stage IV: 5259% Response Rates (M.D. Anderson, MSKCC et al.) • Active after Extensive Prior Chemotherapy, Including AnthracyclineResistant Disease: 2230% Response Rates (NCI, MSKCC et al.)
“Normal” Dose Intensity & Dose Escalation
1012
Cell Number
1010 108 106 104 102 1 0
1
2
3 Months
4
5
6
7
“Normal” Dose Intensity & Dose Escalation
1012
Cell Number
1010 108 106 104 102 1 0
1
2
3 Months
4
5
6
7
“Normal” Dose Intensity & Increased Dose Density
1012
Cell Number
1010 108 106 104 102 1 0
1
2
3 Months
4
5
6
7
“Normal” Dose Intensity & Increased Dose Density
1012
Cell Number
1010 108 106 104 102 1 0
1
2
3 Months
4
5
6
7
Alternating Therapy is Not Dose Dense
1012
Cell Number
1010 108 106 104 102 1 0
1
2
3 Months
4
5
6
7
Sequential Therapy is Dose Dense
1012
Cell Number
1010 108 106 104 102 1 0
1
2
3 Months
4
5
6
7
Stage II Breast Cancer with ≥4 Involved Axillary Lymph Nodes Doxorubicin
CMF
Bonadonna et al., JAMA, 1995
Stage II Breast Cancer with >4 Involved Axillary Lymph Nodes % at 10 Years
60 50 40
RelapseFree Survival Overall Survival
30 20 10 0
ACMF
CMF/A
p = .002
Bonadonna et al., JAMA, 1995
CALGB 9141 (Pilot) NodePositive Stage IIIIIA (N=172)
Cyclophosphamide 2000 mg/m2
Paclitaxel 175 mg/m2
+ G-CSF
Doxorubicin 75 mg/m2 130/145 (89.7%)of Patients Starting Paclitaxel Completed Rx. On Paclitaxel: 25% Grade IV Leukopenia 4% Grade IV Thrombocytopenia Demetri et al., ASCO1997
Intergroup 0148/CALGB 9344
Doxorubicin mg/m2
Randomize
Cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2
Paclitaxel 175 mg/m2
60 75 90
GCSF
No Further Chemotherapy
Tamoxifen forHR(+)
NodePositive Stage IIIIIA
Relationship of CALGB 9344 (Int 0148) to Current U.S. Cooperative Group Trials
NSABP B28
NodePositive Stage IIIIIA Paclitaxel 225 mg/m2 Cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2
Doxorubicin 60 mg/m2
(Survival) No Further Chemotherapy
Concomitant Tamoxifen x 5 Years for HR(+) or Postmenopausal (Age ≥ 50)
Intergroup/CALGB 9741 NodePositive Stage IIIIIA
3Week Cycles
2Week Cycles (w/ GCSF)
Doxorubicin (A) 60 mg/m2 Paclitaxel (T) 175 mg/m2 Cyclophosphamide (C) 600 mg/m2
Intergroup/SWOG 49 LN+ Trial
Randomize
A
C A
T
C
STAMP I or STAMP V
Intergroup/ECOG Stage II Trial HER2 ()
Tamoxifen if HR(+)
Paclitaxel Cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2
Doxorubicin 60 mg/m2
Docetaxel
Integration of Biological Agent: Trastuzumab (Herceptin)
NSABP Stage II Trial Paclitaxel Cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2
Tamoxifen if HR(+)
HER2 (+)
Doxorubicin 60 mg/m2
Etc.
Herceptin
HER2 (+)
Paclitaxel
Cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2
Tamoxifen if HR(+)
Intergroup/NCCTG Stage II Trial
52 wks Doxorubicin 60 mg/m2
52 wks
Herceptin
Cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2
Paclitaxel 90 mg/m2
Surgery & RT
Doxorubicin 60 mg/m2
Dexrazoxane or Not
Herceptin or Not
Tamoxifen if HR(+)
CALGB Stage IIIB Trial (HER2+)
Herceptin for a Year or Not
Summary of Advantages of This Approach • Integrates Paclitaxel – Active as a Single Agent – Active PostAnthracycline
• Minimizes Incremental Toxicity • Allows Integration of Biological Therapy