Nickel Estimation
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ESTIMATION OF NICKEL WITH DIMETHYLGLYOXIME(DMG) Nickel (II) was estimated in sample by the reaction between nickel and Dimethylglyoxime (DMG); forming the Ni-DMG pink color complex on the TLC foils. It was done by taking spots of samples (2µL of each concentration) with help of micropipette on the TLC foils impregnated with 1% DMG.Each spot was scanned using “Flat-bed scanner”. Density of each concentration colored spot was taken by “Densitometry” software programmed in PC.Ten spots were taken for each concentration and reproducibility of each concentration was determined by plotting reproducibility curve .RSD and 95% confidence interval (95%C.I ) of each concentration was noted. The data obtained by each concentration is given below. ESTIMATION OF NICKEL (II) WITH DIMETHYLGLYOXIME For 100 ppm of Ni (II) Sample Cons Serial # (ppm) 1 100 2 100 3 100 4 100 5 100 6 100 7 100 8 100 9 100 10 100
Optical density 109.8 109.9 109 109.2 108 111 109.8 109.09 112.09 112
Mean =109.98 RSD = 1.209 % 95% C.I=109.98±0.6651
optical density
Reproducibility curve of 100ppm conc of Ni(II) sample 114 112 110 108 106 104 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
no of obs
For 95 ppm of Ni (II) sample Serial# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
conc. (ppm) optical density 95 105.8 95 106 95 105.9 95 104.9 95 104 95 105 95 105.09 95 104.98 95 103.998 95 105
Mean = 105.0668 RSD=0.668% 95% C.I=105.0668±0.3451
optical density
Reproducibility curve of 95 ppm conc of Ni(II)sample 108 106 104 102 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
no of obs
For 90ppm of Ni (II) sample Serial#
conc. ppm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
optical density 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90
99.98 100 99.01 99.05 100 100.5 101 99 99.8 101
Mean=99.934 RSD=0.755% 95% C.I=99.934±0.3775
optical density
Reproducibility curve for 90 ppm conc of Ni(II) sample 102 101 100 99 98 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
no of obs
For 85 ppm of Ni (II) sample Serial # 1
conc.(ppm) 85
Optical density 94.01
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85
93.9 93.8 94.6 93.98 94 94.01 94.9 93.9 94.09
Mean=94.119 RSD=0.371% 95%C.I=94.119±0.1855 Reproducibility curve for 85ppm conc for Ni(II) sample.
optical density
95 94.5 94 93.5 93 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
no of obs
For 80 ppm of Ni (II) sample Serial # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
conc.(ppm) 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80
optical density
Mean=89 RSD= 1.104863%
95%C.I=89±0.492
89 88.01 88.09 90.8 89.98 88.98 88.09 88.07 88.98 90
Reproducibility curve for 80ppm conc of Ni(II) sample
optical density
92 90 88 86 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
no of obs
For 75 ppm 0f Ni (II) sample Serial # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
conc.(ppm) 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75
optical density 83.1 84.01 82.5 83.6 81.9 82.8 82.09 81.99 84.01 84
Mean=83 RSD=1.044% 95%C.I=83±0.4333
optical density
Reproducibility curve for 75 ppm conc of Ni(II) sample 85 84 83 82 81 80 1
2
3
4
5
6
no of obs
7
8
9
10
For 70ppm of Ni (II) sample Serial # Conc.(ppm) optical density 1 70 2 70 3 70 4 70 5 70 6 70 7 70 8 70 9 70 10 70 Mean=78.003
78.02 78.08 78.5 79.07 78 78.09 77.9 78.05 77 77.32
RSD=0.726% 95%C.I=78.003±0.2831 Reproducibility curve for 70 ppm conc of Ni(II) sample
optical density
80 79 78 77 76 75 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
no of obs
For 65 ppm of Ni (II) sample Serial # conc.(ppm) optical density 1 65 72.5 2 65 72.02 3 65 70.9 4 65 72.56 5 65 71.9 6 65 72.01 7 65 71.05 8 65 72.5 9 65 71.9 10 65 72.6 Mean=71.99 RSD=0.84% 95%C.I=71.99±0.3031
optical density
Reproducibility curve for 65 ppm conc of Ni(II) sample 73 72.5 72 71.5 71 70.5 70 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
no of obs
For 60ppm of Ni (II) sample Serial # conc.(ppm) optical density 1 60 66.5 2 60 67 3 60 66.5 4 60 65.9 5 60 67.1 6 60 64.9 7 60 66.9 8 60 66.3 9 60 65.9 10 60 67 Mean=66.4 RSD=1.034% 95%C.I=66.4±0.3432
optical density
Reproducibility curve for 60 ppm conc of Ni(II) sample 67.5 67 66.5 66 65.5 65 64.5 64 63.5 1
2
3
4
5
6
no of obs
7
8
9
10
For 55ppm of Ni (II) sample Serial # conc.(ppm) optical density 1 55 60 2 55 60.87 3 55 61.9 4 55 62 5 55 62 6 55 59 7 55 60.4 8 55 62.8 9 55 62 10 55 60.8 Mean=61.2 RSD=1.899% 95%C.I=61.2±0.581
optical density
Reproducibility curve for 55ppm conc of Ni(II) sample 64 62 60 58 56 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
no of obs
For 50ppm of Ni (II) sample Serial # conc.(ppm) optical density 1 50 54.6 2 50 53 3 50 55.6 4 50 55.12 5 50 54.6 6 50 55 7 50 54 8 50 55 9 50 58 10 50 55.4 Mean=55.032 RSD=2.334%
95%C.I=55.032±0.642 For 45 ppm of Ni (II) sample
Serial # conc.(ppm) optical density 1 45 49 2 45 49.3 3 45 50 4 45 50.2 5 45 51 6 45 49.7 7 45 50.9 8 45 50.32 9 45 50.12 10 45 49.8 Mean=50.034 RSD=1.26% 95%C.I=50.034±0.31514
optical density
Reproducibility curve for 45 ppm conc of Ni(II) sample 52 51 50 49 48 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
no of obs
For 40 ppm of Ni (II) sample Serial # conc.(ppm) optical density 1 40 44.9 2 40 45 3 40 44.5 4 40 45.7 5 40 45.4 6 40 44.8 7 40 44 8 40 45.8 9 40 45 10 40 45.2 Mean=45.03 RSD=1.198% 95%C.I=45.03±0.27
Reproducibility curve for 40 ppm conc of Ni(II) sample
optical density
46 45 44 43 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
no of obs
For 35 ppm of Ni (II) sample Serial # conc.(ppm) optical density 1 35 37 2 35 41.5 3 35 39.09 4 35 40 5 35 42.2 6 35 39 7 35 41.3 8 35 40.6 9 35 41.8 10 35 38 Mean=40.05 RSD=4.34% 95%C.I=40.05±0.87
optical density
Reproducibility curve for 35 ppm conc of Ni(II) sample 45 40 35 30 1
2
3
4
5
6
no of obs
7
8
9 10
For 30 ppm of Ni (II) sample Serial # conc.(ppm) optical density 1 30 32.5 2 30 32 3 30 33.9 4 30 32 5 30 33 6 30 33.4 7 30 33.1 8 30 33.2 9 30 33.1 10 30 33.8 Mean=33 RSD=2% 95%C.I=33±0.33
optical density
Reproducibility curve for 30ppm conc of Ni(II)sample 35 34 33 32 31 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
no of obs
For 25 ppm of Ni (II) sample. Serial # conc.(ppm) optical density 1 25 28.1 2 25 27.5 3 25 27.9 4 25 28 5 25 29.1 6 25 30 7 25 28.5 8 25 27 9 25 26 10 25 28 Mean=28.01 RSD=3.89% 95%C.I=28.01±0.55
Reproducibility curve for 25 ppm of Ni(II) sample
optical density
32 30 28 26 24 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
no of obs
For 20 ppm of Ni (II) sample Serial # conc.(ppm) 1 20 2 20 3 20 4 20 5 20 6 20 7 20 8 20 9 20 10 20 Mean=22
optical density 22.4 21.5 21.6 22.5 22.9 21.5 21.8 21.6 22.8 21.4
RSD=2.65% 95%C.I=22±0.2925
Reproducibility curve for 20 ppm of Ni(II) sample 23.5 optical density
23 22.5 22 21.5 21 20.5 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
no of obs
For 15 ppm of Ni (II) sample. Serial # conc.(ppm) optical density 1 15 16.8 2 15 17 3 15 16.5 4 15 16 5 15 17.5 6 15 16.8 7 15 16.8 8 15 17 9 15 17.1 10 15 17.5 Mean=16.9 RSD=2.63% 95%C.I=16.9±0.2224
Optical density
Reproducibility curve for 15 ppm of Ni(II) sample 18 17.5 17 16.5 16 15.5 15 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
no of obs
For 10 ppm of Ni (II) sample.
Serial #
conc.(ppm)
optical density
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Mean=10.58
8 10.1 10.5 5 15 9.9 15 10.2 11 11.1
RSD=27.85% 95%C.I=10.58±1.5
Reproducibility curve for 10 ppm of Ni(II) sample
optical density
20 15 10 5 0 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
no of obs
FINAL GRAPH BETWEEN CONCENTRATION AND OPTICAL DENSITY Serial # Conc.(ppm) 1 10 2 15 3 20 4 25 5 30 6 35 7 40 8 45 9 50 10 55 11 60 12 65 13 70 14 75 15 80 16 85 17 90 18 95 19 100
Optical Density 10.58 16.9 22 28.01 33 40.049 45.03 50.034 55.032 61.177 66.4 71.99 78.003 83 89 94.119 99.934 105.0668 109.988
Graph betw een concentration and optical density
120 R2 = 0.9998
100
60
40
20
Concentration (ppm )
90 10 0
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
0 10
optical density
80
Optical density 109.8 109.9 109 109.2 108 111 109.8 109.09 112.09 112
Mean =109.98 RSD = 1.209 % 95% C.I=109.98±0.6651
optical density
Reproducibility curve of 100ppm conc of Ni(II) sample 114 112 110 108 106 104 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
no of obs
For 95 ppm of Ni (II) sample Serial# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
conc. (ppm) optical density 95 105.8 95 106 95 105.9 95 104.9 95 104 95 105 95 105.09 95 104.98 95 103.998 95 105
Mean = 105.0668 RSD=0.668% 95% C.I=105.0668±0.3451
optical density
Reproducibility curve of 95 ppm conc of Ni(II)sample 108 106 104 102 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
no of obs
For 90ppm of Ni (II) sample Serial#
conc. ppm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
optical density 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90
99.98 100 99.01 99.05 100 100.5 101 99 99.8 101
Mean=99.934 RSD=0.755% 95% C.I=99.934±0.3775
optical density
Reproducibility curve for 90 ppm conc of Ni(II) sample 102 101 100 99 98 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
no of obs
For 85 ppm of Ni (II) sample Serial # 1
conc.(ppm) 85
Optical density 94.01
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85
93.9 93.8 94.6 93.98 94 94.01 94.9 93.9 94.09
Mean=94.119 RSD=0.371% 95%C.I=94.119±0.1855 Reproducibility curve for 85ppm conc for Ni(II) sample.
optical density
95 94.5 94 93.5 93 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
no of obs
For 80 ppm of Ni (II) sample Serial # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
conc.(ppm) 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80
optical density
Mean=89 RSD= 1.104863%
95%C.I=89±0.492
89 88.01 88.09 90.8 89.98 88.98 88.09 88.07 88.98 90
Reproducibility curve for 80ppm conc of Ni(II) sample
optical density
92 90 88 86 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
no of obs
For 75 ppm 0f Ni (II) sample Serial # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
conc.(ppm) 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75
optical density 83.1 84.01 82.5 83.6 81.9 82.8 82.09 81.99 84.01 84
Mean=83 RSD=1.044% 95%C.I=83±0.4333
optical density
Reproducibility curve for 75 ppm conc of Ni(II) sample 85 84 83 82 81 80 1
2
3
4
5
6
no of obs
7
8
9
10
For 70ppm of Ni (II) sample Serial # Conc.(ppm) optical density 1 70 2 70 3 70 4 70 5 70 6 70 7 70 8 70 9 70 10 70 Mean=78.003
78.02 78.08 78.5 79.07 78 78.09 77.9 78.05 77 77.32
RSD=0.726% 95%C.I=78.003±0.2831 Reproducibility curve for 70 ppm conc of Ni(II) sample
optical density
80 79 78 77 76 75 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
no of obs
For 65 ppm of Ni (II) sample Serial # conc.(ppm) optical density 1 65 72.5 2 65 72.02 3 65 70.9 4 65 72.56 5 65 71.9 6 65 72.01 7 65 71.05 8 65 72.5 9 65 71.9 10 65 72.6 Mean=71.99 RSD=0.84% 95%C.I=71.99±0.3031
optical density
Reproducibility curve for 65 ppm conc of Ni(II) sample 73 72.5 72 71.5 71 70.5 70 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
no of obs
For 60ppm of Ni (II) sample Serial # conc.(ppm) optical density 1 60 66.5 2 60 67 3 60 66.5 4 60 65.9 5 60 67.1 6 60 64.9 7 60 66.9 8 60 66.3 9 60 65.9 10 60 67 Mean=66.4 RSD=1.034% 95%C.I=66.4±0.3432
optical density
Reproducibility curve for 60 ppm conc of Ni(II) sample 67.5 67 66.5 66 65.5 65 64.5 64 63.5 1
2
3
4
5
6
no of obs
7
8
9
10
For 55ppm of Ni (II) sample Serial # conc.(ppm) optical density 1 55 60 2 55 60.87 3 55 61.9 4 55 62 5 55 62 6 55 59 7 55 60.4 8 55 62.8 9 55 62 10 55 60.8 Mean=61.2 RSD=1.899% 95%C.I=61.2±0.581
optical density
Reproducibility curve for 55ppm conc of Ni(II) sample 64 62 60 58 56 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
no of obs
For 50ppm of Ni (II) sample Serial # conc.(ppm) optical density 1 50 54.6 2 50 53 3 50 55.6 4 50 55.12 5 50 54.6 6 50 55 7 50 54 8 50 55 9 50 58 10 50 55.4 Mean=55.032 RSD=2.334%
95%C.I=55.032±0.642 For 45 ppm of Ni (II) sample
Serial # conc.(ppm) optical density 1 45 49 2 45 49.3 3 45 50 4 45 50.2 5 45 51 6 45 49.7 7 45 50.9 8 45 50.32 9 45 50.12 10 45 49.8 Mean=50.034 RSD=1.26% 95%C.I=50.034±0.31514
optical density
Reproducibility curve for 45 ppm conc of Ni(II) sample 52 51 50 49 48 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
no of obs
For 40 ppm of Ni (II) sample Serial # conc.(ppm) optical density 1 40 44.9 2 40 45 3 40 44.5 4 40 45.7 5 40 45.4 6 40 44.8 7 40 44 8 40 45.8 9 40 45 10 40 45.2 Mean=45.03 RSD=1.198% 95%C.I=45.03±0.27
Reproducibility curve for 40 ppm conc of Ni(II) sample
optical density
46 45 44 43 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
no of obs
For 35 ppm of Ni (II) sample Serial # conc.(ppm) optical density 1 35 37 2 35 41.5 3 35 39.09 4 35 40 5 35 42.2 6 35 39 7 35 41.3 8 35 40.6 9 35 41.8 10 35 38 Mean=40.05 RSD=4.34% 95%C.I=40.05±0.87
optical density
Reproducibility curve for 35 ppm conc of Ni(II) sample 45 40 35 30 1
2
3
4
5
6
no of obs
7
8
9 10
For 30 ppm of Ni (II) sample Serial # conc.(ppm) optical density 1 30 32.5 2 30 32 3 30 33.9 4 30 32 5 30 33 6 30 33.4 7 30 33.1 8 30 33.2 9 30 33.1 10 30 33.8 Mean=33 RSD=2% 95%C.I=33±0.33
optical density
Reproducibility curve for 30ppm conc of Ni(II)sample 35 34 33 32 31 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
no of obs
For 25 ppm of Ni (II) sample. Serial # conc.(ppm) optical density 1 25 28.1 2 25 27.5 3 25 27.9 4 25 28 5 25 29.1 6 25 30 7 25 28.5 8 25 27 9 25 26 10 25 28 Mean=28.01 RSD=3.89% 95%C.I=28.01±0.55
Reproducibility curve for 25 ppm of Ni(II) sample
optical density
32 30 28 26 24 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
no of obs
For 20 ppm of Ni (II) sample Serial # conc.(ppm) 1 20 2 20 3 20 4 20 5 20 6 20 7 20 8 20 9 20 10 20 Mean=22
optical density 22.4 21.5 21.6 22.5 22.9 21.5 21.8 21.6 22.8 21.4
RSD=2.65% 95%C.I=22±0.2925
Reproducibility curve for 20 ppm of Ni(II) sample 23.5 optical density
23 22.5 22 21.5 21 20.5 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
no of obs
For 15 ppm of Ni (II) sample. Serial # conc.(ppm) optical density 1 15 16.8 2 15 17 3 15 16.5 4 15 16 5 15 17.5 6 15 16.8 7 15 16.8 8 15 17 9 15 17.1 10 15 17.5 Mean=16.9 RSD=2.63% 95%C.I=16.9±0.2224
Optical density
Reproducibility curve for 15 ppm of Ni(II) sample 18 17.5 17 16.5 16 15.5 15 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
no of obs
For 10 ppm of Ni (II) sample.
Serial #
conc.(ppm)
optical density
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Mean=10.58
8 10.1 10.5 5 15 9.9 15 10.2 11 11.1
RSD=27.85% 95%C.I=10.58±1.5
Reproducibility curve for 10 ppm of Ni(II) sample
optical density
20 15 10 5 0 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
no of obs
FINAL GRAPH BETWEEN CONCENTRATION AND OPTICAL DENSITY Serial # Conc.(ppm) 1 10 2 15 3 20 4 25 5 30 6 35 7 40 8 45 9 50 10 55 11 60 12 65 13 70 14 75 15 80 16 85 17 90 18 95 19 100
Optical Density 10.58 16.9 22 28.01 33 40.049 45.03 50.034 55.032 61.177 66.4 71.99 78.003 83 89 94.119 99.934 105.0668 109.988
Graph betw een concentration and optical density
120 R2 = 0.9998
100
60
40
20
Concentration (ppm )
90 10 0
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
0 10
optical density
80
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