Ncert Book Sanskrit- Ruchira- Class Vii

xiii

ikBkuqØef.kdk

izFke% ikB% f}rh;% ikB% r`rh;% ikB% prqFkZ% ikB% i×pe% ikB% "k"B% ikB% lIre% ikB% v"Ve% ikB% uoe% ikB% n'ke% ikB% ,dkn'k% ikB% }kn'k% ikB% =k;ksn'k% ikB% prqn'Z k% ikB% i×pn'k% ikB% ifjf'k"Ve~

iqjksoko~Q Hkwfedk eXye~

v ix

lqHkkf"krkfu nqcfZq ¼% fou';fr LokoyEcue~ gkL;ckydfolEesyue~ (vO;;iz;ksx%) if.Mrk jekckbZ lnkpkj% lÄïYi% flf¼nk;d% (/krqi;z ksx%) f=ko.kZ% èot% foeku;kua jp;ke fo'ocU/qRoe~ (dkjdfoHkfDr% miinfoHkfDr'p) leok;ks fg nqt;Z % dYiyrso fo|k ve`ra laLÑre~ (bdkjkUrL=khfyÄ%õ ) vukfjdk;k% ftKklk (½dkjkUriqf¡ YyÄõ%) ykyuxhre~ o.kZfopkj%] dkjde~] 'kCn:ikf.k /krq:ikf.k p

3 7 13 19 26 31 36 44 49 53 59 64 69 75 80 85

1

lqHkkf"krkfu

3

izFke% ikB%

lqHkkf"krkfu i`fFkO;ka =khf.k jRukfu tyeÂa lqHkkf"kre~ A ew<S% ik"kk.k[k.Ms"kq jRulaKk fo/h;rs AA 1 AA lR;su /k;Zrs i`Foh lR;su rirs jfo% A lR;su okfr ok;q'p lo± lR;s izfrf"Bre~ AA 2 AA nkus rifl 'kkS;Zs p foKkus fou;s u;s A foLe;ks u fg dÙkZO;ks cgqjRuk olqU/jk AA 3 AA lf‰jso lgklhr lf‰% oqQohZr lÄõfre~ A lf‰foZokna eS=kha p uklf‰% fdf×pnkpjsr~ AA 4 AA /u/kU;iz;ksxs"kq fo|k;k% laxzgs"kq p A vkgkjs O;ogkjs p R;DryTt% lq[kh Hkosr~ AA 5 AA {keko'khÑfryksZosQ {ke;k ¯d u lkè;rs A 'kkfUr[kM~x% djs ;L; ¯d dfj";fr nqtuZ % AA 6 AA

4

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

'kCnkFkkZ% i`fFkO;ke~ lqHkkf"kre~ ew<S% ik"kk.k[k.Ms"kq jRulaKk fo/h;rs /k;Zrs rirs okfr ok;q'p (ok;q% $ p) izfrf"Bre~ rifl 'kkS;sZ u;s foLe;% cgqjRuk olqU/jk lf‰jso (lf‰% $ ,o) lgklhr (lg $ vklhr) oqQohZr lf‰foZokne~ (lf‰% $ fookne~)

& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &

/jrh ij lqUnj opu ew[kks± osQ }kjk iRFkj osQ VqdM+ksa esa jRu dk uke fd;k tkrk gS /kj.k fd;k tkrk gS tyrk gS cgrk gS @ cgrh gS iou Hkh fLFkr gS riL;k esa cy esa uhfr esa vk'p;Z vusd jRuksa okyh i`fFkoh lTtuksa osQ lkFk gh lkFk cSBuk pkfg, djuk pkfg, lTtuksa osQ lkFk >xM+k

lqHkkf"krkfu

5

uklf‰% (u$ vlf‰%) /u/kU;iz;ksxs"kq laxzgs"kq R;DryTt% {keko'khÑfryksZosQ ({keko'khÑfr% $ yksosQ) 'kkfUr[kM~x%

& & & & & &

vlTtu yksxksa osQ lkFk ugha /u/kU; osQ iz;ksx esa@O;ogkj esa laxzgksa esa] lap; (bdêòk) djus esa ladksp ;k Hkh:rk dks NksM+usokyk lalkj esa {kek (lcls cM+k) o'khdj.k gS 'kkfUr dh ryokj

vH;kl% 1- lokZu~ 'yksdku~ lLoja xk;rA 2- ;Fkk;ksX;a 'yksdka'kku~ esy;r& d /u/kU;iz;ksxs"kq foLe;ks u fg dÙkZO;% lR;su /k;Zrs i`Foh lf‰foZokna eS=kha p vkgkjs O;ogkjs p 3- ,dinsu mÙkjr& (d) i`fFkO;ka dfr jRukfu\ ([k) ew<%S oqQ=k jRulaKk fo/h;rs\ (x) i`fFkoh osQu /k;Zr\s (?k) oSQ% lÄõ¯r oqQohZr\ (Ä) yksoQs o'khÑfr% dk\

[k uklf‰% fdf×pnkpjsrA~ R;DryTt% lq[kh HkosrA~ cgqjRuk olqU/jkA fo|k;k% laxgz "s kq pA lR;su rirs jfo%A

6

4-

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

js[kkfÄïrinkfu vf/ÑR; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) lR;su okfr ok;q%A ([k) lf‰% ,o lgklhrA (x) olqU/jk cgqjRuk HkofrA (?k) fo|k;k% laxgz "s kq R;DryTt% lq[kh HkosrA~ (Ä) lf‰% eS=kha oqQohZrA 5- iz'ukukeqÙkjkf.k fy[kr& (d) oqQ=k foLe;% u dÙkZO;%\ ([k) i`fFkO;ka =khf.k jRukfu dkfu\ (x) R;DryTt% oqQ=k lq[kh Hkosr\~ 6- e×tw"kkr% inkfu fpRok fyÄõkuqlkja fy[kr& jRukfu

olqU/jk

iq¡fYyÄeõ ~ ----------------------------------------------------------

lR;su lq[kh

vÂe~

ofÉ%

L=khfyÄeõ ~ ----------------------------------------------------------

7- v/ksfyf[krins"kq /kro% osQ lfUr\ ine~ /krq% -------------------dÙkZO;% i';

--------------------

Hkosr~

--------------------

fLFkr%

--------------------

jfo%

i`Foh

lÄõfre~

uiqaldfyÄEõ k~ ----------------------------------------------------------

7

nqcqZf¼% fou';fr

f}rh;% ikB%

nqcqZf¼% fou';fr vfLr ex/ns'ks iqQYyksRiyuke lj%A r=k ladVfodVukedkS galkS fuolr%A dEcqxhz oukek r;ks% fe=ke~ ,d% owQeZ% vfi r=kSo izfrolfr LeA vFk ,dnk èkhojk% r=k vkxPNu~ vdFk;u~ p&o;a 'o% eRL;owQekZnhu~ ekjf;";ke%A ,rr~ JqRok owQeZ% vonr~&^^fe=ks! ¯d ;qokH;ka èkhojk.kka okrkZ Jqrk\ vèkquk fde~ vga djksf e\** gal kS vonrke~& ^^izkr% ;n~ mfpra rRdÙkZO;e~A** owQeZ% vonr~& ^^eSoe~A rn~ ;Fkk¿ge~ vU;a ßna xPNkfe rFkk oqQ#re~A** galkS vonrke~&^^vkoka ¯d djoko\** owQeZ% vonr~&^^vga Hkon~H;ka lg vkdk'kekxs.Z k vU;=k xUrqe~ bPNkfeA** gaLkkS vonrke~&^^v=k d% mik;%\** dPNi% onfr&^^;qoka dk"Bn.Me~ ,oaQ p×Pok /kj;rke~A vga dk"Bn.Meè;s voyEC; ;qokH;ka i{kcysu lq[ksu xfe";kfeA** galkS vdFk;rke~& ^^lEHkofr ,"k% mik;%A fdUrq v=k ,d% vik;ks¿fi orZrAs vkokH;ka uh;ekua RokeoyksD; tuk% fdf×pn~ ofn";fUr ,oA ;fn RoeqÙkja nkL;fl rnk ro ej.ka fuf'pre~A vr% Roe~ v=kSo olA** rr~ JqRok ozQq ¼%

8

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

owQeZ% vonr~&^^fdega ew[kZ%\ mÙkja u nkL;kfeA fdf×pnfi u ofn";kfeA** vr% vga ;Fkk mDroku~ rFkk ;qoka oqQ#re~A ,oa Ñrs dk"Bn.Ms yEcekua owQe± n`"V~ok xksikydk% i'pkn~ vèkkou~ vonu~ p& ^^gagks! egnk'p;Ze~A galkH;ka lg owQeksZ¿fi mM~Mh;rsA** df'pn~ onfr& ^^;|;a owQeZ% dFkefi fuirfr rnk v=kS o iDRok [kkfn";kfeA** vij% vonr~& ^^ljLrhjs nXèok [kkfn";kfe**A vU;% vdFk;r~& ^^x`ga uhRok Hk{kf;";kfe** bfrA rs"kka rn~ opua JqRok owQeZ% fe=k;ks% nÙka opua foLe`R; dksius vonr~&^^;w;a HkLe [kknr** bfr onÂso owQeZ% vkdk'kkr~ ifrr% xksikyoSQ% ekfjr'pA vr,oksDre~& lqânka fgrdkekuka okD;a ;ks ukfHkuUnfrA l owQeZ bo nqcfZq ¼% dk"Bkn~ Hkz"Vks fou';frAA

'kCnkFkkZ% lj% owQeZ%@dPNi% izfrolfr Le /hojk%

& & & &

rkykc dNqvk jgrk Fkk eNqvkjs

9

nqcqZf¼% fou';fr

eRL;owQekZnhu~ ekjf;";ke% eSoe~ (ek $ ,oe~) ßne~ /kj;rke~ i{kcysu vik;% uh;ekue~ voyksD; yEcekue~ mM~Mh;rs foLe`R; HkLe lqânke~ fgrdkeuke~ vfHkuUnfr nqcqZf¼%

& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &

eNyh] dNqvk vkfn dks ekjsaxs ,slk ugha rkykc dks /kj.k djsa ia[kks osQ cy ls gkfu ys tkrs gq, ns[kdj yVdrs gq, (dks) mM+ jgk gS Hkwy dj jk[k fe=kksa dk@osQ@dh dY;k.k dh bPNk j[kus okys dk@osQ@dh izlÂrkiwoZd Lohdkj djrk@djrh gS nq"V cqf¼ okyk

vH;kl% 1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r& iqQYyksRiye~ dEcqxzho% mDroku~ Hkon~H;ke~

voyEC; vkokH;ke~ ßne~ mM~Mh;rs

iDRok Hk{kf;";kfe lqânke~ Hkz"V%

10

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

2- ,dinsu mÙkjr& (d) owQeZL; ¯d uke vklhr~\ ([k) ljLrhjs osQ vkxPNu~\ (x) owQeZ% osQu ekxs.Z k vU;=k xUrqe~ bPNfr\ (?k) yEcekua owQe± n`"V~ok osQ v/kou~\ 3- v/ksfyf[krokD;kfu d% oaQ izfr dFk;fr bfr fy[kr& d% dFk;fr oaQ izfr dFk;fr ;Fkk& izkr% ;n~ mfpra rRdÙkZO;e~A

galkS owQe± izfr (d) vga Hkon~H;ka lg vkdk'kekxs.Z k xUrqe~ bPNkfeA -------------------- --------------------------------------- -------------------([k) v=k d% mik;%\ -------------------- -------------------(x) vge~ mÙkja u nkL;kfeA -------------------- --------------------

(?k) ;w;a HkLe [kknrA 4- e×tw"kkr% fØ;kina fpRok okD;kfu iwj;r& vfHkuUnfr Hk{kf;";ke% bPNkfe ofn";kfe

mM~Mh;rs izfrolfr Le

(d) galkH;ka lg owQeks¿Z fi --------------------A ([k) vga fdf×pnfi u --------------------A (x) ;% fgrdkeuka lqânka okD;a u --------------------A (?k) ,d% owQeZ% vfi r=kSo --------------------A (Ä) vge~ vkdk'kekxs.Z k vU;=k xUrqe~ --------------------A (p) o;a x`ga uhRok owQe± --------------------A

11

nqcqZf¼% fou';fr

5- iw.kZokD;su mÙkjr& (d) dPNi% oqQ=k xUrqe~ bPNfr\ ([k) dPNi% de~ mik;a onfr\ (x) yEcekua owQe± n`"V~ok xksikydk% fde~ vonu~\ (?k) owQeZ% fe=k;ks% opua foLe`R; fde~ vonr~\ 6- ?kVukØekuqlkja okD;kfu fy[kr& (d) owQeZ% gal;ks% lgk;r;k vkdk'kekxs.Z k vxPNr~A ([k) xksikydk% vdFk;u~&o;a ifrra owQe± [kkfn";ke%A (x) owQeZ% galkS p ,dfLeu~ ljfl fuolfUr LeA (?k) osQfpr~ /hojk% ljLrhjs vkxPNu~A (Ä) owQeZ% vU;=k xUrqe~ bPNfr LeA (p) yEcekua owQe± n`"V~ok xksikydk% v/kou~A (N) owQeZ% vkdk'kkr~ ifrr% xksikyoSQ% ekfjr'pA (t) ^o;a 'o% eRL;owQekZnhu~ ekjf;";ke%* bfr /hojk% vdFk;u~A 7- e×tw"kkr% inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r& tyk'k;e~

vfpUr;r~

o`¼%

nq%f[krk%

o`{kL;

liZ%

vknk;

lehis

dksVjs

,dL; o`{kL; 'kk[kklq vusoQs dkdk% olfUr LeA rL; o`{kL; ------------------- ,d% liZ% vfi volr~A dkdkuke~ vuqifLFkrkS ------------------- dkdkuka f'k'kwu~ [kknfr LeA dkdk% ------------------- vklu~A rs"kq ,d% ------------------- dkd% mik;e~ -------------------A

12

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

o`{kL; ------------------- tyk'k;% vklhr~A r=k ,dk jktoqQekjh Lukrqa ------------------- vkxPNfrA f'kyk;ka fLFkra rL;k% vkHkj.ke~ ------------------- ,d% dkd% o`{kL; mifj vLFkki;r~A jktlsodk% dkde~ vuqlR` ; ------------------- lehie~ vxPNu~A r=k rs ra li± p vekj;u~A vr% ,oksDre~&mik;su lo± fl¼;frA

è;krO;e~& 7 b;a dFkk ^i×prU=ke~* bfr xzUFkkr~ mn~/r` kA i×prU=kL; ys[kd% fo".kq'kekZA i×pkuka rU=kk.kka lekgkj% i×prU=ke~ bfrA vr% i×prU=kL; i×p Hkkxk% lfUr&fe=kHksn%] fe=kykHk%] lfU/foxzg%] yC/iz.kk'k% vijhf{kr&dkjd×pA

7 vfLeu~ ikBs vuoljs Hkk"k.ksu dFka loZuk'k% Hkorhfr nf'kZre~A Dofpr~ ekSua dk;ZlkèkoaQ HkofrA ;FkksÙkQe~& foHkw"k.ka ekSueif.Mrkuke~A ew[kksZ fg 'kksHkrs rkor~ ;kor~ fdf×pUu Hkk"krsA

r`rh;% ikB%

LokoyEcue~ la[;kokfp'kCnk% rn~&,rn~&'kCnkS p Ñ".kewfrZ% Jhd.B'p fe=ks vkLrke~A Jhd.BL; firk le`¼% vklhr~A vr% rL; Hkous loZfo/kfu lq[k&lkèkukfu vklu~A rfLeu~ fo'kkys Hkous pRokfja'kr~ LrEHkk% vklu~A r=k v"Vkn'k&izdks"Bs"kq i×pk'kr~ xok{kk%] prq'pRokfja'kr~ }kjkf.k p vklu~A ija Ñ".kewr%Zs ekrk firk p Ñ"kdnEirhA rL; oklx` g a vkMEcjfoghua lqUnj×p vklhr~A ,dnk Jhd.B% rsu lg rL; x`ge~ vxPNr~A r=k Ñ".kewfrZ% rL; ekrk firk p Lo'kDR;k Jhd.BL; vkfrF;e~ voqQoZuA~ rL; x`gs dks¿fi deZdj% uklhr~A ,rr~ n`"V~ok Jhd.B% vdFk;r~& ^^fe=k! vga Hkorke~ vkfrF;su lUrq"Vks¿fLeA osQoye~ ,rnso rF;a eka nq%[k;fr ;r~ ro x`gs ,dks¿fi Hk`R;% ukfLr ;su ee vkfrF;k; HkoUr% d"Va oqQoZfUrA ee x`gs rq cgo% deZdjk% lfUrA** rnk LokoyEch Ñ".kewfrZ% vonr~&^^fe=k! eekfi v"VkS deZdjk% lfUrA rs p }kS iknkS] }kS gLrkS] }s

14

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

us=ks] }s Jks=ks bfrA ,rs izfr{k.ka eekèkhuk%A ijUrq ro Hk`R;k% vgfuZ'ka dekZf.k drq± u 'kDuqofUrA Roa rq Lodk;kZFk± LoHk`R;kèkhu%A ;nk ;nk rs vuqifLFkrk%] rnk rnk Roa d"Ve~ vuqHkoflA LokoyEcus rq loZnk lq[keso] u dnkfi d"Va HkofrA** vga ekls ekls ½rkS ½rkS p Lo&fnup;kZe~ vuqoQw y;kfeA ,rr~ JqRok Jhd.B% vdFk;r~&^^fe=k! vga rq u tkukfe osQ eklk% HkofUr osQ p ½ro%A** ,rr~ JqRok Ñ".kewfrZ% }kn'keklkuka "k..kke~ ½rwuka p ukekfu vonr~A Jhd.B% vi`PNr~&^^,dfLeu~ ekls dfr fnukfu HkofUr**A Ñ".kewfrZ% vonr~&^^,dfLeu~ ekls f=ka'kr~ ,df=ka'kr~ ok fnukfu HkofUrA iQjojh&ekls v"Vkfoa'kfr% fnukfu HkofUrA ijUrq r=k izR;soQa prqFksZ o"ksZ fnukuka la[;k ,dksufoa'kfr% Hkofr**A Jhd.B% vonr~&^^fe=k! ro opukfu JqRok ee eufl egrh izlUurk tkrkA v/quk vgefi Lodk;kZf.k Lo;eso dfj";kfeA**

'kCnkFkkZ% le`¼% pRokfja'kr~ v"Vkn'k izdks"Bs"kq i×pk'kr~ xok{kk% prq'pRokfja'kr~ Ñ"kdnEirh vkfrF;e~ deZdj%

& & & & & & & & & &

/uh pkyhl vBkjg dejksa esa ipkl f[kM+fd;k¡ pokyhl fdlku ifr&iRuh vfrfFk&lRdkj ukSdj@lsod

LokoyEcue~

15

Hkorke~ Hk`R;% vgfuZ'ke~ f=ka'kr~ ,d¯=k'kr~ v"Vkfoa'kfr%

& & & & & &

vkiosQ ukSdj@lsod jkr&fnu rhl bdÙkhl vV~Bkbl

vH;kl% 1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r& foa'kfr%

f=ka'kr~

pRokfja'kr~

}kfoa'kfr%

}kf=ka'kr~

f}pRokfja'kr~

prqfo±'kfr%

=k;fL=ka'kr~

=k;'pRokfja'kr~

i×pfoa'kfr%

prqfL=ka'kr~

prq'pRokfja'kr~

v"Vkfoa'kfr%

v"Vkf=ka'kr~

lIrpRokfja'kr~

uofoa'kfr%

uof=ka'kr~

i×pk'kr~

2- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukukeqÙkjkf.k fy[kr& (d) dL; Hkous loZfo/kfu lq[klk/ukfu vklu~\ ([k) dL; x`gs deZdj% uklhr~\ (x) Jhd.BL; vkfrF;e~ osQ vdqouZ \~ (?k) izR;soQa prqFkZo"ksZ iQjojh&ekls dfr fnukfu HkofUr\ (Ä) dfr ½ro% HkofUr\ (p) Ñ".kewr%Zs dfr deZdjk% lfUr\

16

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

3- fp=kkf.k x.kf;Rok rnxzs la[;kokpd'kCna fy[kr&

--------------------------------

--------------------------------

--------------------------------

--------------------------------

--------------------------------

--------------------------------

4- e×tw"kkr% vÄïkuka Ñrs inkfu fpuqr& pRokfja'kr~ lIrfoa'kfr% ,df=ka'kr~ i×pk'kr~ v"Vkfoa'kfr% f=ka'kr~ prqfo±'kfr% 28 --------------------------

27

--------------------------

30 --------------------------

31

--------------------------

LokoyEcue~

17

24 --------------------------

40

--------------------------

50 -------------------------5- fp=ka n`"V~ok e×tw"kkr% inkfu p iz;Tq ; okD;kfu jp;r&

Ñ"kdk% ,rkS

Ñ"kdkS {ks=ke~

,rs d"kZfr

/kU;e~ oqQ#r%

,"k% [kuudk;Ze~

Ñ"kd% jksi;fUr

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6- js[kkfÄrï kfu inkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r& ;Fkk& vga LokoyEcuL; lq[ka izfrfnue~ vuqHkokfeA vga dL; lq[ka izfrfnue~ vuqHkokfe\ (d) Ñ".kewfrZ% lkekU;Ñ"kdL; iq=k% vklhr~A ([k) v/quk x`gs dks¿fi deZdj% ukfLrA (x) u{k=kk.kke~ vkokxeua Lo;eso HkofrA (?k) ,dfLeu~ oxsZ lIrn'k Nk=kk% viBu~A

18

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

7- e×tw"kkr% inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r& "kM~

f=ka'kr~

,df=ka'kr~

}kS

}kn'k

v"Vkfoa'kfr%

(d) ----------------- ½ro% HkofUrA ([k) eklk% ----------------- HkofUrA (x) ,dfLeu~ ekls ----------------- vFkok ----------------- fnolk% HkofUrA (?k) iQjojh&ekls lkekU;r% ----------------- fnukfu HkofUrA (Ä) ee 'kjhjs ----------------- gLrkS Lr%A

è;krO;e~& oSfndijEijkuqlkja Hkkjrh;eklkuka ½rwuka p ukekfu& 1- pS=k% 7- vkf'ou% 4- 'kjn~

1- olUr%

2- oS'kk[k% 3- T;s"B%

8-

dkfrZd%

9-

ekxZ'kh"kZ%

2- xzh"e%

4- vk"kk<% 5- Jko.k% 6- Hkknzin%

5- gseUr%

10- ikS"k% 3- o"kkZ

11- ek?k% 6- f'kf'kj%

12- iQkYxqu%

19

gkL;ckydfolEesyue~

prqFkZ% ikB%

gkL;ckydfolEesyue~ vO;;iz;ksx% (fofo/&os'kHkw"kk/kfj.k% pRokj% ckydo;% e×pL; mifj mifo"Vk% lfUrA v/% Jksrkj% gkL;dforkJo.kk; mRlqdk% lfUr dksykgya oqQoZfUr p)

l×pkyd% & vya dksykgysuA v| ija g"kZL; volj% ;r~ vfLeu~ dfolEesyus dkO;gUrkj% dky;kidk'p HkkjrL; gkL;dfo/qjU/jk% lekxrk% lfUrA ,fg] djryèofuuk o;e~ ,rs"kka Lokxra oqQeZ%A xtk/j%

& losHZ ;ks¿jflosQH;ks ueks ue%A izFkea rkon~ vge~ vk/qfuda oS|e~ mfí'; Lodh;a dkO;a Jko;kfe&

20

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

oS|jkt! ueLrqH;a ;ejktlgksnj A ;eLrq gjfr izk.kku~ oS|% izk.kku~ /ukfu p AA (losZ mPpS% glfUr) dkykUrd% & vjs! oS|Lrq loZ=k ijUrq u rs ekn`'kk% oqQ'kyk% tula[;kfuokj.ksA eekfi dkO;e~ bna Ük`.oUrq HkoUr%& fprka izTTofyrka n`"V~ok oS|ks foLe;ekxr% A ukga xrks u es Hkzkrk dL;sna gLryk?koe~ AA (losZ iqu% glfUr) rqfUny%

& (rqUnL; mifj gLre~ vkorZ;u~) rqfUnyks¿ga Hkks%A eekfi bna dkO;a Jw;rke~] thous /k;Zrka p& ijkÂa izkI; nqc¼ Zq !s ek 'kjhjs n;ka oqQ# A ijkÂa nqyZHka yksds 'kjhjkf.k iqu% iqu% AA (losZ iqu% vV~Vgkla oqQoZfUr)

/qU/%

& vjs! HkoUr% tkufUr ,o ;n~ vk/qfudk% oSKkfudk% IywVks&xzga u LohOkqQoZfUrA rs"kka ers v"V ,o xzgk%] fdUrq eUersu n'k xzgk% lfUrA

Jksrkj%

& vf;! dfo/qjU/j! dLrkor~ n'keks xzg%\ vLekfHk% dnkfi u Jqre~A rL; p d% izHkko%\

/qU/%

& lko/kueulk Ük`.oUrq HkoUr% n'kexzgL; oSf'k"V~;e~μ lnk oØ% lnk ozQw j% lnk eku/ukig% A dU;kjkf'kfLFkrks fuR;a tkekrk n'keks xzg% AA (dkO;ikBJo.ksu mRizfs jr% ,d% ckydks¿fi vk'kqdforka jp;fr lgkla Jko;fr p)

21

gkL;ckydfolEesyue~

ckyd%

& Jw;rke~] Jw;rka Hkks%! eekfi dkO;e~& xtk/ja ;ea ukSfe rqfUnya pkÂyksyiq e~ A n'kea p xzga /qU/a dkykUroaQ rFkSo p AA (dkO;a Jkof;Rok ^gk gk gk* bfr ÑRok glfrA vU;s pk¿fi glfUrA cfg% fu"ØE; losZ x`ga p xPNfUrA)

'kCnkFkkZ% v/%

&

uhps

dksykgye~

&

'kksj

dkO;gUrkj%

&

dkO; dks u"V djus okys

dky;kidk%

&

le; cCkkZn djus okys

/qjU/jk%

&

vxz.kh] Js"B

,fg

&

vk;sa] vkb,

djryèofuuk

&

rkfy;ksa ls

vjflosQH;%

&

uhjl tuksa dks

Lodh;e~

&

vius

ekn`'kk%

&

esjs tSls

gLryk?koe~

&

gkFk dh liQkbZ

rqUnL;

&

rksan osQ

vkorZ;u~

&

isQjrk gqvk

èkk;Zrke~

&

/kj.k djsa

22

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

ijkÂe~

&

nwljksa osQ vUu dks

eUersu (ee $ ersu)

&

esjs er ls

oØ%

&

Vs<+k

ozwQj%

&

funZ;h] fu"Bqj

eku/ukig%

&

lEeku vkSj /u dk vigj.k djusokyk

tkekrk

&

tekbZ] nkekn

mRizsfjr%

&

izsj.kk ls

vk'kqdforke~

&

rkRdkfyd dfork dks

lgkle~

&

g¡lh osQ lkFk

ukSfe

&

iz.kke djrk gw¡

vÂyksyqie~

&

vukt dk yksHkh

fu"ØE;

&

fudy dj

vH;kl% 1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r& mifj

v/%

mPpS%

uhpS%

cfg%

vye~

dnkfi

vUr%

iqu%

oqQ=k

dnk

,dnk

23

gkL;ckydfolEesyue~

2- e×tw"kkr% vO;;inkfu fpRok okD;kfu iwj;r& vye~

vUr%

cfg%

v/%

mifj

(d) o`{kL; ----------------- [kxk% olfUrA ([k) ----------------- fooknsuA (x) o"kkZdkys x`gkr~ ----------------- ek xPNA (?k) e×pL; ----------------- Jksrkj% mifo"Vk% lfUrA (Ä) Nk=kk% pyfPp=kx`gL; ----------------- izfo'kfUrA 3- v'kq¼a ina fpuqr& (d) xefUr] ;PNfUr] i`PNfUr] /kofUrA

----------------------

([k) jkes.k] x`g.s k] lis.Z k] xts.kA

----------------------

(x) yr;k] lqfiz;k] je;k] fu'k;kA

----------------------

(?k) yrs] jes] ekrs] fiz;As

----------------------

(Ä) fy[kfr] xtZfr] iQyfr] lsofrA

----------------------

4- e×tw"kkr% lekukFkZdinkfu fpRok fy[kr& izlÂrk;k%

fpfdRlde~

izkI;

-----------------

oqQ'kyk%

-----------------

g"kZL;

-----------------

oØ%

-----------------

oS|e~

-----------------

yCèok

oqQfVy%

n{kk%

24

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

(d) e×ps dfr ckydo;% mifo"Vk% lfUr\ ([k) osQ dksykgya oqQoZfUr\ (x) xtk/j% de~ mfí'; dkO;a izLrkSfr\ (?k) rqfUny% dL; mifj gLre~ vkoÙkZ;fr\ (Ä) yksoQs iqu% iqu% dkfu HkofUr\ (p) n'ke% xzg% d%\

ukfldk;keso O;tusu

okjaokje~ mikfo'kr~

[kM~xsu fNUuk

nwje~ lqIr%

fe=krk fiz;%

ef{kdk

iqjk ,dL; u`iL; ,d% -------------- okuj% vklhr~A ,dnk u`i% -------------- vklhr~A okuj% -------------- re~ voht;r~A rnSo ,dk -------------- u`iL; ukfldk;ke~ --------------- A ;|fi okuj% -------------- O;tusu rka fuokj;fr Le rFkkfi lk iqu% iqu% u`iL; ------------mifo'kfr LeA vUrs l% ef{kdka gUraq -------------- izgkje~ vdjksrA~ ef{kdk rq mM~Mh; -------------- xrk] fdUrq [kM~xizgkjs.k u`iL; ukfldk -------------- vHkor~A vr,oksP;rs&^^ew[kZtuS% lg -------------- uksfprkA**

25

gkL;ckydfolEesyue~

7-

foykseinkfu ;kst;r&

v/%

uhpS%

vUr%

lqyHke~

nqcqZ¼s!

mifj

mPpS%

cfg%

nqyZHke~

lqcq¼s!

è;krO;e~& vfLeu~ ikBs v/%] vUr%] cfg%] uhpS%] iqu% bR;knhfu vO;;inkfu lfUrA ,"kka f=k"kq fyÄ"õs kq] f=k"kq opus"kq lokZlq foHkfDr"kq p ,deso :ia Hkofr] fodkjks u tk;rsA mDr×p& ln`'ka f=k"kq fyÄ"õs kq lokZlq p foHkfDr"kq A opus"kq p los"Z kq ;Â O;sfr rnO;;e~ AA

26

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

i×pe% ikB%

if.Mrk jekckbZ jekckbZ laLÑroSn"q ;s.k ^if.Mrk* ^ljLorh* bfr mikfèkH;ka foHkwf"krkA lk 1858 res f[kz"VkCns tUe vyHkrA rL;k% firk vuUr'kkL=kh Mksxa js ekrk p y{eh ckbZ vkLrke~A rfLeu~ dkys L=khf'k{kk;k% fLFkfr% fpUruh;k vklhr~ A L=kh.kka Ñrs laLÑrf'k{k.ka izk;% izpfyra uklhr~A fdUrq if.Mr% vuUr'kkL=kh Mksxa js :f
27

if.Mrk jekckbZ

baXyS.Mns'kkr~ jekckbZ vejhdkns'ke~ vxPNr~A r=k lk HkkjrL; foèkokL=kh.kka lgk;rkFkZe~ vFkZl×p;e~ vdjksrA~ Hkkjra izR;kxR; eqEcbZuxjs lk ^'kkjnk&lnue~* vLFkki;r~A ije~ bna lnua iq.ksuxjs LFkkukUrfjra tkre~A vfLeu~ vkJes fuLlgk;k% fL=k;% fuolfUr LeA r=k fL=k;% eqn.z k&VÄï.k&dk"Bdyknhuk×p izf'k{k.kefi yHkUrs LeA rnuUrja iq.ksuxjL; lehis osQMxk¡o&ukfEu LFkkus ^eqfDrfe'ku* uke laLFkkua r;k LFkkfire~A v=k v/quk vfi fujkfJrk% fL=k;% llEekua thoua ;ki;fUrA 1922 res f[kz"VkCns jekckbZ&egksn;k;k% fu/ue~ vHkor~A fdUrq L=khf'k{kk;ka lektlsok;k×p rL;k% dk;Ze~ vfoLej.kh;e~ vfLrA lektlsok;k% vfrfjDra ys[ku{ks=ks vfi rL;k% egÙoiw.kZe~ vonkue~ vfLrA ^L=kh/eZuhfr* ^gkbZ dkLV fgUnw foesu* bfr rL;k% izfl¼a jpuk};a orZrAs

'kCnkFkkZ% laLÑroSnq";s.k mikf/H;ke~ ifjR;T; vè;ki;r~ izrkj.kke~ vlgr

& & & & & &

laLÑr dh fo}Ùkk ls mikf/;ksa ls NksM+dj i<+k;k rkM+uk lgu fd;k

28

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

Loekrq% uohuksiØeL; (uohu $ miØeL;) foiÂ% fnoÄõrk% oqQoZrh izkjC/orh izR;kxPNr~ (izfr $ vkxPNr~) la?kfVrs vFkZl×p;e~ izR;kxR; (izfr $ vkxR;) eqnz.ke~ VÄï.ke~ fujkfJrk% (fuj~ $ vkfJrk%) ;ki;fUr vonkue~

& & & & & & & & & & & & & & &

viuh ekrk ls u, iz;kl dk fu/Zu e`R;q dks izkIr gks x, djrh gqbZ vkjEHk fd;k ykSV vkbZ laxfBr /u l×p; ykSVdj NikbZ Vkbi cslgkjk fcrkrs@fcrkrh gSa ;ksxnku

vH;kl% 1- ,dinsu mÙkjr& (d) ^if.Mrk* ^ljLorh* bfr mikf/H;ka dk foHkwf"krk\ ([k) jek oqQr% laLÑrf'k{kka izkIrorh\ (x) jekckbZ osQu lg fookge~ vdjksr\~ (?k) dklka f'k{kk;S jekckbZ Lodh;a thoue~ vfiZrorh\ (Ä) jekckbZ mPpf'k{kkFk± oqQ=k vxPNr~\

29

if.Mrk jekckbZ

2- js[kkfÄïrinkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r& (d) jek;k% firk lektL; izrkj.kke~ vlgrA ([k) iR;q% ej.kkuUrja jekckbZ egkjk"Vªa izR;kxPNr~A (x) jekckbZ eqEcbZuxjs ^'kkjnk&lnue~* vLFkki;r~A (?k) 1922 res f–"VkCns jekckbZ&egksn;k;k% fu/ue~ vHkor~A (Ä) fL=k;% f'k{kka yHkUrs LeA 3- iz'ukukeqÙkjkf.k fy[kr& (d) jekckbZ fdeFkZe~ vkUnksyua izkjC/orh\ ([k) fu%lgk;k% fL=k;% vkJes ¯d yHkUrs Le\ (x) dfLeu~ fo"k;s jekckbZ&egksn;k;k% ;ksxnkue~ vfLr\ (?k) osQu jpuk};su jekckbZ iz'kaflrk orZr\s 4- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka funs'Z kkuqlkja inifjp;a inkfu ewy'kCn% fyÄõe~ ;Fkk&osnkuke~ osn iq¡fYyÄõe~ ------------------------------firk ------------------------------f'k{kk;S ------------------------------dU;k% ------------------------------in~H;ke~ ------------------------------euksje;k

fy[kr& foHkfDr% "k"Bh ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

opue~ cgqopue~ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

5- v/ksfyf[krkuka /krwuka ydkja iq#"ka opu×p fy[kr& /krq% ydkj% iq#"k% ;Fkk&vklhr~ vl~ yÄ~ izFkeiq#"k% ---------------------------------------------oqQoZfUr

opue~ ,dopue~ ----------------

30

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

vkxPNr~ fuolfUr xfe";fr vdjksr~

-------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------

6- v/ksfyf[krkfu okD;kfu ?kVukØekuqlkja fy[kr& (d) jekckbZ&egksn;k;k% fofiufcgkjhnklsu lg fookg% vHkor~A ([k) 1858 res f–"VkCns jekckbZ tUe vyHkrA (x) lk mPpf'k{kkFk± baXyS.Mns'ka xrorhA (?k) 1922 res f–"VkCnss jekckbZ&egksn;k;k% fu/ue~ vHkor~A (Ä) lk eqEcbZuxjs 'kkjnk&lnue~ vLFkki;r~A (p) lk Loekrq% laLÑrf'k{kka izkIrorhA

-------------------------------------------------------------

31

lnkpkj%

"k"B% ikB%

lnkpkj% ;fLeu~ ns'ks ; vkpkj% ikjEi;ZØekxr% A o.kkZuka lkUrjkykuka l lnkpkj mP;rs AA1AA izkr%dkys R;tsPNÕ;keh'oja izFkea Lejsr~ A fuR;dekZf.k ÑRok p oqQ;kZnè;;ua rr% AA2AA lR;a cz; w kr~ fiz;a cz; w kr~ u cz; w kr~ lR;efiz;e~ A fiz;a p uku`ra cz; w kr~ ,"k /eZ% lukru% AA3AA loZnk O;ogkjs L;kr~ vkSnk;± lR;rk rFkk A ½tqrk e`nrq k pkfi dkSfVY;a u dnkpu AA4AA Js"Ba tua xq#a pkfi ekrja firja rFkk A eulk deZ.kk okpk lsors lrra lnk AA5AA fe=ks.k dyga ÑRok u dnkfi lq[kh tu% A bfr KkRok iz;klsu rnso ifjotZ;sr~ AA6AA

32

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

'kCnkFkkZ% vkpkj%

&

O;ogkj

ikjEi;ZØekxr%

&

ijEijkØe ls vk;k gqvk@izkIr

o.kkZuke~

&

leLr oxks± dk

lkUrjkykuke~

&

oxks± osQ eè; vk;s leLr mioxks± dk

R;tsr~

&

NksMu+ k pkfg,] R;kxuk pkfg,

oqQ;kZr~

&

djuk pkfg,

czw;kr~

&

cksyuk pkfg,

vu`re~

&

>wB

lukru%

&

lnk ls pyk vk jgk gks

L;kr~

&

gks

vkSnk;Ze~

&

mnkjrk

½tqrk

&

ljyrk

e`nqrk

&

dkseyrk

dkSfVY;e~

&

oqQfVyrk] Vs
okpk

&

ok.kh ls

lsosr

&

lsok djuh pkfg,

ifjotZ;sr~

&

NksM+ nsuk pkfg,

33

lnkpkj%

vH;kl% 1- lokZu~ 'yksdku~ lLoja xk;rA 2- mi;qDrdFkukuka le{ke~ ^vke~* vuqi;qDrdFkukuka le{ka ^u* bfr fy[kr& (d) izkr% dkys bZ'oja LejsrA~ ([k) vu`ra cz;w kr~A (x) eulk Js"Btua lsors A (?k) fe=ks.k dyga ÑRok tu% lq[kh HkofrA (Ä) izkr%dkys 'kÕ;ka u R;tsrA~ 3- ,dinsu mÙkjr& (d) dnk 'kÕ;ka R;tsr\~ ([k) dkfu ÑRok vè;;ua oqQ;kZr\~ (x) ¯d cz;w kr~\ (?k) osQu lg dyga ÑRok uj% lq[kh u Hkosr\~ 4- js[kkfÄïrinkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r& (d) izFkee~ bZ'oja LejsrA~ ([k) dyga ÑRok uj% nq%[kh HkofrA (x) firja deZ.kk lsors A (?k) O;ogkjs e`nrq k Js;lhA (Ä) loZnk O;ogkjs ½tqrk fo/s;kA

34

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

z;a p i f a vu`r

eulk ekrja firja p

5- iz'ueè;s =khf.k fØ;kinkfu lfUrA rkfu iz;Tq ; lkFkZd&okD;kfu jp;rA

k;±

gkjs

fiz;a lR;a

czw;kr~ lsosr L;kr~

okp

p

lR;e u z;a p ~ vfi

oZnk vkSn

l

O;o

Js"B

O;og kjs d n k p u dkSfVY

k xq# a

tua

deZ.

kk

;a u

(d) ------------------------------------------------A

([k) ------------------------------------------------A

(x) ------------------------------------------------A

(?k)

(Ä) ------------------------------------------------A

(p) ------------------------------------------------A

(N) ------------------------------------------------A

(t) ------------------------------------------------A

------------------------------------------------A

6- e×tw"kkr% vO;;inkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r& rFkk

u

dnkpu

(d) HkDr% --------------- bZ'oja LejfrA ([k) vlR;a --------------- oDrO;e~A

lnk

p

vfi

35

lnkpkj%

(x) fiz;a --------------- lR;a onsrA~ (?k) yrk es/k --------------- fo|ky;a xPNr%A (Ä) --------------- oqQ'kyh Hkoku~\ (p) egkRekxkU/h --------------- v¯glka u vR;tr~A 7- fp=ka n`"V~ok e×tw"kkr% inkfu p iz;Tq ; okD;kfu jp;r&

fy[kfr f'k{kd%

d{kk;ke~ Nk=kk%

';kei^s mÙkjkf.k

fy[kfUr iz'ue~

l% rs

iqfLrdk;ke~

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

36

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

lIre% ikB%

lÄïYi% flf¼nk;d% /krqi;z ksx% ukjnopuizHkkokr~ ikoZrh f'koa ifr:is.k bPNUrh riL;ka dÙkqeZ ~ bPNfr LeA lk LolÄïYia ek=ks U;osn;r~A rPNªRq ok ikoZR;k% ekrk fpUrkoqQyk vHkor~A iq=;k% dkseyruqa n`"V~ok tuuh vkfn'kr~&^oRls! Do dfBua ri% Do p ro dkseya 'kjhje~\ dFke~ vkrikr~ 'khrkr~ ok vkRekua jf{k";fl\ rfgZ ri% ek pjA lq[ksu Lox`gs ,o olA v=kSo ozrkfnoaQ oqQ#A ,rsuoS ro euksjFkiwfrZ% Hkfo";frA* ijUrq ikoZrh vdFk;r~&^^vEc! f'koa ifr:is.k izkIrqa riL;keso dfj";kfe bfr es lÄYï i%A bZ'oj% ee j{kka dfj";frA riL;kFk± dks¿fi u x`gs olfrA** ,oeqDRok n`
lÄYï i% flf¼nk;d%

37

oVq% oqQ'kya i`"V~ok dkSrgw ysu vi`PNr~&^^gs rifLofu! fdeFk± dfBua ri% lekpjfl\ Lodh;ka ruqa p efyuka djksf"k\** ikoZrh u fdf×pr~ onfr LeA rRl[kh ,o rL;k% lÄïYiL; iz;kstua oVos fuosn;fr LeA rr~ JqRok oVq% vi`PNr~&^^vf; ikoZfr! ¯d lR;eso Roa f'koa ifrfePNfl ;ks fg vf'koa pjfr] 'e'kkus olfr\ ;L; =khf.k us=kkf.k] ;L; olua xtpeZ] ;L; vÄjõ kx% fprkHkLe] ;L; ifjtukÜp Hkwrx.kk%] ¯d reso f'koa ifre~ bPNfl\** f'kofuUnka JqRok ikoZrh ozQq ¼k tkrkA lk vonr~&^^vilj vjs okpky! Roa egs'ojL; ijekFkZLo:ieso u tkukflA tuk% vukfndkykr~ lÄYï ifl¼;s f'koeso iwt;fUrA rr~ uksfpra Ro;k lg lEHkk"k.ke~A**

,oeqDRok ;nk lk izLFkkuk; m|rk] rkonso f'ko% oVks% :ia ifjR;T; rL;k% ekxZe~ vo#è; vonr~&^^ikoZfr! izhrks¿fLe ro lÄYï isu riL;;k pA**

38

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

'kCnkFkkZ% bPNUrh dÙkqZe~ bPNfr Le ek=ks rPNªRok q (rr~ $ JqRok) iq=;k% vkfn'kr~ Do vkrikr~ vkRekue~ ozrkfnde~ (ozr $ vkfnde~) vEc! izkIrqe~ riL;kFkZe~ (riL;k $ vFkZe)~ dks¿fi (d% $ vfi) ifjR;T; dkuus Loi.kZoqQVhe~ vuU;eulk fpje~ lekpjr~ ;rks fg

& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &

bPNk djrh gqbZ djus osQ fy, bPNk dh ekrk ls@ekrk dks ;g lqudj iq=kh dk@osQ@dh vkns'k fn;k dgk¡ /wi ls Lo;a dks miokl vkfn dks gs ek¡! izkIr djus osQ fy, riL;k osQ fy, dksbZ NksM+dj ou es@a tÄy õ esa vius iÙkksa dh oqQfV;k esa ,dkxz fpÙk ls cgqr le; rd djus yxh@djus yxk D;ksafd

39

lÄYï i% flf¼nk;d%

dfrfpr~ oVq% izkfo'kr~ mRFkk; reqixE; (re~ $ mixE;) mifo'krq i`"V~ok lekpjfl onfr Le vf'koe~ olue~ xtpeZ vÄõjkx% ifjtuk'p (ifjtuk% $ p) Hkwrx.kk% vilj ijekFkZLo:ieso (ije $ vFkZLo:ie~ $ ,o) lÄïYifl¼;s uksfpre~ (u $ mfpre~) izLFkkuk; m|rk rkonso (rkor~ $ ,o) vo#è; izhrks¿fLe (izhr% $ vfLe)

& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &

oqQN czãpkjh izo's k fd;k@vk;k mBdj mlosQ ikl tkdj cSBks@cSBs iwNdj djrh gks@djrs gks cksyrh Fkh@cksyrk Fkk veÄõy diM+k@oL=k gkFkh dk peM+k lkSUn;Z lkexzh lsod vkfn Hkwrizrs vkfn nwj gVks fnO; :i dks gh@;FkkFkZ Lo:i dks gh lÄïYi dks iwjk djus osQ fy, mfpr (Bhd) ugha gS tkus osQ fy, rS;kj gqbZ rHkh jksddj izlUu gw¡

40

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

vH;kl% 1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r& vHkor~

vdFk;r~

vxPNr~

U;osn;r~

viwt;r~

lekpjr~

vkfn'kr~

izkfo'kr~

vonr~

onfr Le

olfr Le

j{kfr Le

fuosn;fr Le

pjfr Le

djksfr Le

xPNfr Le

iwt;fr Le

iBfr Le

2- mnkgj.ke~ vuqlR` ; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r& (d) ,dopue~

f}opue~

cgqopue~

;Fkk& olfr Le

olr% Le -----------------

olfUr Le -----------------

j{kr% Le -----------------

-----------------

-----------------

oqQoZfUr Le

iwt;fr Le ----------------pjfr Le -----------------

-----------------

([k) iq#"k%

,dopue~

f}opue~

cgqopue~

;Fkk& izFkeiq#"k%

vdFk;rke~

vdFk;u~

izFkeiq#"k%

vdFk;r~ -----------------

izFkeiq#"k%

vj{kr~

viwt;rke~ -----------------

viwt;u~ -----------------

41

lÄYï i% flf¼nk;d%

(x) iq#"k%

,dopue~

f}opue~

cgqopue~

;Fkk& eè;eiq#"k%

volre~

eè;eiq#"k%

vol% -----------------

volr -----------------

eè;eiq#"k%

-----------------

viwt;re~ -----------------

vpjr

(?k) iq#"k%

,dopue~

f}opue~

cgqopue~

;Fkk& mÙkeiq#"k%

viBe~

viBko -----------------

viBke -----------------

vjp;ko

-----------------

mÙkeiq#"k% mÙkeiq#"k%

vfy[ke~ -----------------

3- iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k ,dinsu fy[kr& (d) fuHkZ;a tua d% Lo;eso j{kfr\ ([k) ikoZrh riL;kFk± oqQ=k vxPNr~\ (x) d% vf'koa pjfr\ (?k) f'kofuUnka JqRok dk ozQq ¼k tkrk\ (Ä) oVq:is.k riksoua d% izkfo'kr~\ 4- d%@dk oaQ@dka izfr dFk;fr&

d%@dk

;Fkk& oRls! Do dfBua ri%\

de~@dke~

ekrk (d) vEc! ifr:is.k f'koa izkIrqa riL;ka dfj";kfeA ------------------------([k) v=kSo ozrkfnoaQ oqQ#A (x) vf; ikoZfr! lR;eso Roa f'koa ifrfePNfl\ ------------------------(?k) vilj] vjs okpky!

ikoZrhe~ -------------

-------------

-------------

(Ä) ikoZfr! izhrks¿fLe ro riL;;kA

-------------------------------------

42

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

5- iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k fy[kr& (d) oVqa n`"V~ok ikoZrh lknja fde~ vonr~\ ([k) oVq% ikoZrha fde~ vi`PNr~\ (x) ukjnopuizHkkokr~ ikoZrh ¯d dÙkZeq ~ ,sPNr~\ 6- e×tw"kkr% inkfu fpRok lekukFkZdkfu inkfu fy[kr& ekrk

n`"V~ok

dkuus

tUro%

ous

-----------------

i'ko%

-----------------

tuuh

-----------------

u;ukfu

-----------------

foyksD;

-----------------

7- mnkgj.kkuqlkja injpuka oqQ#r& ;Fkk & olfr Le ¾ (d) i';fr Le

¾

volr~ ---------------------

([k) fy[kfr Le

¾

---------------------

(x) fpUr;fr Le ¾

---------------------

(?k) onfr Le

¾

---------------------

(Ä) xPNfr Le

¾

---------------------

us=kkf.k

43

lÄYï i% flf¼nk;d%

;Fkk& vfy[kr~ (d) -----------------

¾

fy[kfr LeA

¾

dFk;fr LeA

([k) ----------------(x) -----------------

¾

u;fr LeA

¾

iBfr LeA

(?k) ----------------(Ä) -----------------

¾

/kofr LeA

¾

glfr LeA

è;krO;e~& ^Le* bR;L; iz;ksx%A ;nk orZekudkfyoSQ% /krqfHk% lg ^Le* bR;L; iz;ksx% Hkofr rnk rs /kro% HkwrdkfydfØ;k.kke~ vFk± izdV;fUrA ;Fkk&

iBfr Le xPNfr Le

& &

i<+rk FkkA tkrk FkkA

44

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

v"Ve% ikB%

f=ko.kZ% èot% (osQpu ckydk% dk'pu ckfydk'p LorU=krk&fnolL; èotkjksg.klekjksgs lksRlkga xPNUr% ijLija layifUrA) nso's k% & v| LorU=krk&fnol%A vLekoaQ fo|ky;L; izkpk;Z% èotkjksg.ka dfj";frA Nk=kk'p lkaLÑfrddk;ZØeku~ izLrks";fUrA vUrs p eksndkfu fefy";fUrA MsfoM% & 'kq p s ! tkukfl Roe~ \ vLekoaQ èotL; ¯d uke\ 'kqfp% & vjs! d% ,rkn`'k% Hkkjrh;% ;% vL; èotL; fo"k;s u tkukfr\ vLekoaQ ns'kL; èot% f=ko.kZ% bfrA lyhe% & #ps! vL; uke f=ko.kZ% dFke~\ #fp% & vfLeu~ èots =k;% o.kkZ% lfUr] vr% f=ko.kZ%A ¯d Roe~ ,rs"kka o.kkZuka ukekfu tkukfl\ lyhe% & vjs! osQ'kjo.kZ%] 'osr%] gfjr% p ,rs =k;% o.kkZ%A nso's k% & vLekoaQ èots ,rs =k;% ,o o.kkZ% dFka x`ghrk%\

45

f=ko.kZ% èot%

lyhe%

& ,rs"kka =k;k.kka o.kkZuke~ v=k fo'ks"k% vfHkizk;%A

nso's k%

& d% fo'ks"k%\

lyhe%

& 'k`.kq] osQ'kjo.kZ% 'kkS;LZ ;] 'osr% 'kkUrs%] gfjr'p le`¼%s lwpdk% lfUrA Lo;a p v;a èot% vusdRos ,dRoL; |ksrd%A

'kqfp%

& fde~ ,rklka if^dkuke~ vU;nfi egÙoe~\

MsfoM%

& vke~! dFka u\ èotL; mifj fLFkrk osQ'kjif^dk vfXuf'k[kk bo ÅtZfLork;k% mRlkgL; p lwfpdkA eè;s fLFkrk 'osrif^dk lkfÙodrk;k% fueZyrk;k% p |ksfrdkA vèk% fLFkrk gfjrif^dk le`¼%s izxrs'p lÄfsï rdkA

rsftUnj% & 'kqp!s èotL; eè;s fLFkrL; pØL; fdefi egÙoe~ vfLr\ 'kqfp%

& vFk fde~ bne~ v'kksdpozQa lR;L;] /eZL; v¯glk;k'p |ksrde~A

iz.ko%

& ¯d u tkukfl\ LorU=krk;k% vkUnksyus vL; èotL; egrh Hkwfedk vklhr~A

'kqfp%

& dk lk èotL; Hkwfedk\

nso's k%

& ,ua èote~ vkfJR; ,o LorU=krk;k% vkUnksyue~ vHkor~A

MsfoM%

& ns'kL; LorU=krk;S y{ehckbZ] egkRekxkU/h] ia- tokgjykyusg:] lqHkk"kpUnzcksl%] vktkn% pUnz'ks[kj%] Hkxr¯lg%] ljksftuh uk;Mw] v#.kk vkliQ vyh bR;kn;% vkthoua la?k"kZe~ voqQoZuA~ y{kkfèkdk% p tuk% Loku~ izk.kku~ vfi vR;tu~A

rsftUnj% & vLekoaQ f=ko.kZ% èot% LokfHkekuL; izrhd%A loS%Z vfi Hkkjrh;S% vL; lEeku% dj.kh;%A vr% vLekoaQ lVYi% L;kr~ ;r~ vL; jk"VªèotL; lEekuj{kkFk± o;a losZ Lo&Lo&drZO;s rRijk% HkoseA t;rq f=ko.kZ% èot%] t;rq Hkkjre~A

46

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

'kCnkFkkZ% f=ko.kZ% èot%

&

rhu jaxksa okyk >aMk (frjaxk >aMk)

layifUr

&

okrkZyki djrs gS@a djrh gSa

izLrks";fUr

&

izLrqr djrs gS@a djrh gSa

eksndkfu

&

yM~Mw

'kkS;ZL;

&

ohjrk dk@osQ@dh

ÅtZfLork;k%

&

ÅtkZ dh

vkfJR;

&

lgkjk ysdj

y{kkf/dk%

&

yk[kksa ls vf/d

vH;kl% 1- 'kq¼dFkuL; le{ke~ ^vke~* v'kq¼dFkuL; le{ka ^u* bfr fy[kr& (d) vLekoaQ jk"VªL; èots =k;% o.kkZ% lfUrA ([k) èots gfjro.kZ% 'kkUrs% izrhd% vfLrA (x) èots osQ'kjo.kZ% 'kDR;k% lwpd% vfLrA (?k) LorU=krk;k% vkUnksyus y{kkf/dk% tuk% Loizk.kku~ vR;tu~A (Ä) vLekoaQ èot% vusdRos ,dRoL; lwpd%A

47

f=ko.kZ% èot%

2- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq iz;Dq rka foHkfDra opua p fy[kr& inkfu

foHkfDr%

opue~

le`¼%s

=k;k.kke~ -----------------

"k"Bhcgqopue~ -----------------

o.kkZuke~

-----------------

-----------------

mRlkgL;

-----------------

-----------------

ukxfjoSQ%

-----------------

-----------------

if^dkuke~

-----------------

-----------------

izk.kkuke~

-----------------

-----------------

;Fkk&

3- ,dinsu mÙkjr& (d) vLekoaQ èots dfr o.kkZ% lfUr\ ([k) f=ko.ksZ èots 'kDR;k% lwpd% d% o.kZ%\ (x) v'kksdpozQa dL; |ksrde~ vfLr\ (?k) f=ko.kZ% èot% dL; izrhd%\ 4- ,dokD;su mÙkjr& (d) vLekoaQ èotL; 'osro.kZ% dL; lwpd% vfLr\ ([k) LorU=krk;k% vkUnksyus dL; egrh Hkwfedk vklhr~\ (x) vLekfHk% dL; ekulEekuj{kk dj.kh;k\ (?k) èotL; 'osrif^dk dL;k% lwfpdk vfLr\ 5- vèkksfyf[krokD;s"kq js[kkfVrinkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r& (d) vLekoaQ f=ko.kZèot% fo'ofot;h HkosrA~ ([k) Lo/ekZr~ izekna o;a u oqQ;kZeA

48

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

(x) ,rr~ loZe~ vLekoaQ usr`.kka ln~c¼ q %s lRiQye~A (?k) 'k=kw.kka le{ka fot;% lqfuf'pr% HkosrA~ 6- mnkgj.kkuqlkja leqfprS% inS% fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r& 'kCnk% ;Fkk& if^dk

foHkfDr% "k"Bh

,dopue~ if^dk;k%

vfXuf'k[kk

lIreh

ÅtkZ

prqFkhZ

vfXuf'k[kk;ke~ -----------------

v¯glk

f}rh;k

liQyrk

i×peh

v¯glke~ -----------------

lwfpdk

r`rh;k

lwfpd;k

f}opue~ if^d;ks% -----------------

cgqopue~ if^dkuke~ -----------------

ÅtkZH;ke~ -----------------

-----------------

liQyr;ks% -----------------

-------------------------------------------------

7- leqfpresyua ÑRok fy[kr& d

[k

osQ'kjo.kZ%

ÅtZfLork;k% mRlkgL; p lwfpdk

v'kksdpØe~

le`¼%s lwpd%

'osro.kZ%

lkfÙodrk;k% fueZyrk;k% p lwfpdk

'osrif^dk

lR;L;] /eZL; v¯glk;k'p |ksrde~

gfjro.kZ%

'kkS;LZ ; lwpd%

osQ'kjif^dk

le`¼%s xrs% p laoQs frdk

gfjrif^dk

'kkUrs% lwpd%

49

foeku;kua jp;ke

uoe% ikB%

foeku;kua jp;ke jk?ko! ek/o! lhrs! yfyrs! foeku;kua jp;ke A uhys xxus foiqys foeys ok;qfogkja djoke AA1AA mÂro`{ka rqÄaõ Hkoua ØkURokdk'ka [kyq ;ke A ÑRok fgeoUra lksikua pfUnjyksoQa izfo'kke AA2AA 'kqØ'pUnz% lw;ksZ xq#fjfr xzgku~ fg lokZu~ x.k;ke A fofo/k% lqUnjrkjkf'pRok ekSfDrdgkja jp;ke AA3AA vEcqnekyke~ vEcjHkw"kke~ vknk;So fg izfr;ke A nq%f[kr&ihfMr&Ñf"kdtukuka x`gs"kq g"k± tu;ke AA4AA & fo'okl%

50

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

'kCnkFkkZ% foeku;kue~

&

gokbZ tgkt

jp;ke

&

(ge) cuk,¡

foiqys

&

foLr`r (vkdk'k) esa

foeys

&

fueZy (vkdk'k) esa

ok;qfogkje~

&

ok;q;k=kk (vkdk'k esa ;k=kk)

djoke

&

(ge) djsa

mÂro`{ke~

&

Å¡ps o`{k dks

rqÄõe~

&

Å¡pk

ØkURok

&

ikj djosQ

;ke

&

(ge) pysa

fgeoUra lksikue~

&

ciZQ dh lh<+h dks

pfUnjyksde~

&

pUnzyksd dks

izfo'kke

&

(ge) izo's k djsa

x.k;ke

&

(ge) fxusa

fpRok

&

pqudj

ekSfDrdgkje~

&

eksfr;ksa osQ gkj dks

vEcqnekyke~

&

cknyksa dh ekyk dks

vEcjHkw"kke~

&

vkdk'k dh 'kksHkk dks

vknk;

&

ysdj

izfr;ke

&

(ge) ykSVas

tu;ke

&

(ge) mRi djsa

51

foeku;kua jp;ke

vH;kl% 1- ikBs nÙka xhra lLoja xk;r& 2- dks"BdkUrxZr"s kq 'kCns"kq r`rh;k&foHkfDra ;kstf;Rok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r& ;Fkk& uHk% pUnzs.k 'kksHkrsA (pUnz)

(d) lk ------------------- tysu eq[ka iz{kky;frA (foey) ([k) jk?ko% ------------------- fogjfrA (foeku;ku) (x) d.B% ------------------- 'kksHkrsA (ekSfDrdgkj) (?k) uHk% ------------------- izdk'krsA (lw;)Z (Ä) ioZrf'k[kje~ ------------------- vkd"kZoQa n`';rsA (vEcqnekyk) 3- fHkÂoxZL; ina fpuqr& fHkÂoxZ% vEcqn% ;Fkk& lw;%Z ] pUnz%] vEcqn%] 'kqØ%A ------------------(d) i=kkf.k] iq"ikf.k] iQykfu] fe=kkf.kA ------------------([k) typj%] [kspj%] Hkwpj%] fu'kkpj%A ------------------(x) xko%] ¯lgk%] dPNik%] xtk%A ------------------(?k) e;wjk%] pVdk%] 'kqdk%] e.Mwdk%A ------------------(Ä) iqLrdky;%] ';kei^%] izkpk;Z%] lkSfpd%A ------------------(p) ys[kuh] iqfLrdk] vè;kfidk] vtkA 4- iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k fy[kr& (d) osQ ok;q;kua jp;fUr\ ([k) ok;q;kua dhn`'ka o`{ka dhn`'ka Hkoua p ØkURok mifj xPNfr\ (x) o;a dhn`'ka lksikua jp;ke\ (?k) o;a dfLeu~ yksoQs izfo'kke\ (Ä) vkdk'ks dk% fpRok ekSfDrdgkja jp;ke\ (p) osQ"kka x`g"s kq g"k± tu;ke\

52

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

5- foykseinkfu ;kst;r& mÂr%

i`fFkO;ke~

xxus lqUnj% fpRok

vlqUnj% vour% 'kksd%

nq%[kh g"kZ%

fodh;Z lq[kh

6- leqfprS% inS% fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r& foHkfDr% ,dopue~ izFkek Hkkuq% -----------f}rh;k -----------r`rh;k prqFkhZ lk/os i×peh oVks% -----------"k"Bh lIreh f'k'kkS lEcks/u gs fo".kks! 7- i;kZ;&inkfu ;kst;r& xxus

tyn%

foeys

fu'kkdj%

pUnz%

vkdk'ks

lw;Z%

fueZys

vEcqn%

fnokdj%

f}opue~ Hkkuw -----------i'kqH;ke~ ----------------------foHoks% -----------------------

cgqopue~ -----------xq:u~ -------------------------------------------------------------------

53

fo'ocU/qRoe~

n'ke% ikB%

fo'ocU/qRoe~ dkjdfoHkfDr% miinfoHkfDr p Ü mRlos] O;lus] nqfHkZ{ks] jk"VªfoIyos] 'k=kqld a Vs p ;% lgk;rka djksfr l% cUèkq% HkofrA ;fn fo'os loZ=k ,rkn`'k% Hkko% Hkosr~ rnk fo'ocU/qRoa lEHkofrA ijUrq v/quk fuf[kys lalkjs dygL; v'kkUrs% p okrkoj.ke~ vfLrA ;su ekuok% ijLija u fo'olfUrA rs ijL; d"Va Lodh;a d"Va u x.k;fUrA vfi p leFkkZ% ns'kk% vleFkkZu~ ns'kku~ izfr mis{kkHkkoa izn'kZ;fUr] rs"kke~ mifj Lodh;a izHkqRoa p LFkki;fUrA rLekr~ dkj.kkr~ lalkjs loZ=k fo}s"kL;] 'k=kqrk;k%] ¯glk;k% p Hkkouk n`';rsA ns'kkuka fodkl% vfi vo#¼% HkofrA ,rs"kka los"Z kka dkj.ka fo'ocU/qRoL; vHkko ,oA b;e~ egrh vko';drk orZrs ;r~ ,d% ns'k% vijs.k ns'ksu lg fueZyus ân;su cUèkqrk;k% O;ogkja oqQ;kZrA~ ;fn b;a Hkkouk fo'oL; tus"kq cyorh L;kr~ rnk fodflrkfodflrns'k;ks% eè;s LoLFkk Li/kZ Hkfo";frA ;su losZ ns'kk% KkufoKku;ks% {ks=ks eS=khHkkou;k lg;ksxus p le`f¼a izkIrqa leFkkZ% Hkfo";fUrA vLekfHk% vo';a è;krO;a ;r~ fo'oL; los"Z kq izkf.k"kq lekua #f/ja izljfrA lw;LZ ; pUnzL; p izdk'k% loZ=k leku:is.k izljfrA vusu Kk;rs ;r~ izÑfr% vfi los"Z kq leRosu O;ogjfr] rLekr~ vLekfHk% loS%Z ijLija oSjHkkoe~ vigk; fo'ocU/qRoa LFkkiuh;e~A

54

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

vr% fo'oL; dY;k.kk; ,rkn`'kh Hkkouk Hkosr&~ v;a fut% ijks osfr x.kuk y?kqprs lke~ A mnkjpfjrkuka rq olq/o S oqQVqEcde~ AA

'kCnkFkkZ% O;lus

&

ladV osQ le; ij

nqfHkZ{ks

&

vdky iM+us ij

jk"VªfoIyos

&

jk"Vª@ns'k ij vkink vkus ij

fo'ocU/qRoe~

&

fo'o osQ izfr HkkbZ&pkjk

fo'olfUr

&

fo'okl djrs gSa

Lodh;e~

&

viuk

mis{kkHkkoe~

&

vuknj dh Hkkouk

fo}s"kL;

&

'k=kqrk dk

vo#¼%

&

ckf/r

LIk/kZ

&

gksM]+ eqdkcyk

è;krO;e~

&

è;ku nsuk pkfg,

#f/je~

&

[kwu] jDr

izljfr

&

iSQyrk gS

Kk;rs

&

tkuk tkrk gS

leRosu

&

leku Hkkouk

vigk;

&

NksM+dj

55

fo'ocU/qRoe~

ijks osfr

&

vFkok ijk;k

y?kqpsrlke~

&

{kqnz ân; okyksa dk

olq/o S (olq/k $ ,o)

&

/jrh gh

oqQVqEcde~

&

ifjokj

vH;kl% 1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r& nqfHkZ{ks

jk"VªfoIyos

fo'ocU/qRoe~

fo'olfUr

mis{kkHkkoe~

fo}s"kL;

è;krO;e~

nq%[kHkko~Q

izn'kZ;fUr

2- e×tw"kkr% lekukFkZdinkfu fpRok fy[kr& ijL;

nq%[ke~

vkRekue~

ckf/r%

ifjokj%

Lodh;e~

------------------

vo#¼%

------------------

oqQVqEcde~

------------------

vU;L;

------------------

vigk;

------------------

le`¼e~

------------------

d"Ve~

------------------

fuf[kys

------------------

lEiÂe~

R;DRok

lEiw.ksZ

56

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

3- js[kkfÄïrkfu inkfu la'kksè; fy[kr& (d) Nk=kk% ØhMk{ks=ks dUnqdkr~ ØhMfUrA ([k) rs ckfydk% e/qja xk;fUrA (x) vga iqLrdky;su iqLrdkfu vku;kfeA (?k) Roa ¯d uke\ (Ä) xq#a ue%A 4- e×tw"kkr% foykseinkfu fpRok fy[kr& v/quk

fe=krk;k%

y?kqprs lke~

x`ghRok

'k=kqrk;k%

--------------------

iqjk

--------------------

ekuok%

--------------------

mnkjpfjrkuke~

--------------------

lqf[ku%

--------------------

vigk;

--------------------

nq%f[ku%

nkuok%

5- v/ksfyf[krinkuka fyÄ]aõ foHkfDra opu×p fy[kr& inkfu cU/q%

fyÄõe~ --------------------

foHkfDr% --------------------

opue~ --------------------

ns'kku~

--------------------

--------------------

--------------------

?k`.kk;k%

--------------------

--------------------

--------------------

57

fo'ocU/qRoe~

oqQVqEcde~

--------------------

--------------------

--------------------

j{kk;ke~

--------------------

--------------------

--------------------

#f/je~

--------------------

--------------------

--------------------

6- dks"BosQ"kq nÙks"kq 'kCns"kq leqfprka foHkfDra ;kstf;Rok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r& (d) fo|ky;e~ mHk;r% o`{kk% lfUrA (fo|ky;) ------------------------ mHk;r% xksikfydk%A (Ñ".k) ([k) xzkea ifjr% xkspkj.kHkwfe%A (xzke) ------------------------ ifjr% HkDrk%A (efUnj) (x) lw;kZ; ue%A (lw;)Z ------------------------ ue%A (xq#) (?k) o`{kL; mifj [kxk%A (o`{k) ------------------------ mifj lSfud%A (v'o) 7- dks"Bdkr~ leqfpra ina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r& (d) ------------------- ue%A (g¯j@gj;s) ([k) ------------------- ifjr% Ñf"k{ks=kkf.k lfUrA (xzkeL;@xzkee~) (x) ------------------- ue%A (vEck;k%@vEck;S) (?k) ------------------- mifj vfHkusrk vfHku;a djksfrA (e×pL;@e×pe~) (Ä) ------------------- mHk;r% iq=kkS Lr%A (firje~@firq%)

58

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

è;krO;e~& 7 fØ;keknk; ;=k f}rh;kr`rh;k|k% foHkDr;% HkofUr] rk% ^dkjdfoHkDr;%* bR;qP;UrsA ;Fkk&jke% xzkea xPNfrA ckydk% ;kusu ;kfUr bR;kn;%AA

7 inekfJR; iz;Dq rk foHkfDr% ^miinfoHkfDr%* bR;qP;rsA ;Fkk&xzkea ifjr% oue~A jkes.k lg y{e.k% xPNfrA v=k ^ifjr%* bfr ;ksxs xzkeinkr~ f}rh;k rFkk p ^lg* bfr ;ksxs jkeinkr~ iz;Dq rk r`rh;k miinfoHkfDr% vfLrA

59

leok;ks fg nqtZ;%

,dkn'k% ikB%

leok;ks fg nqtZ;% iqjk ,dfLeu~ o`{ks ,dk pVdk izfrolfr LeA dkysu rL;k% lUrfr% tkrkA ,dnk df'pr~ izeÙk% xt% rL; o`{kL; v/% vkxR; rL; 'kk[kka 'kq.Msu v=kksV;r~A pVdk;k% uhMa Hkqfo virr~A rsu v.Mkfu fo'kh.kkZfuA vFk lk pVdk O;yir~A rL;k% foykia JqRok dk"BowQV% uke [kx% nq%[ksu rke~ vi`PNr~&^^Hknz]s fdeFk± foyifl\** bfrA pVdkonr~&^^nq"Vsuo S Qs u xtsu ee lUrfr% ukf'krkA rL; xtL; o/suo S ee nq%[ke~ viljsrA~ ** rr% dk"BowQV% rka oh.kkjok&ukEU;k% ef{kdk;k% lehie~ vu;r~A r;ks% okrk± JqRok ef{kdkonr~&^^eekfi fe=ka e.Mwd% es?kukn% vfLrA 'kh?kza reqiRs ; ;Fkksfpra dfj";ke%A** rnkuha rkS ef{kd;k lg xRok es?kuknL; iqj% lo± o`ÙkkUra U;osn;rke~A es?kukn% vonr~& ^^;Fkkga dFk;kfe rFkk oqQ#re~A ef{kosQ! izFkea Roa eè;kÉs rL; xtL; d.ksZ 'kCna oqQ#] ;su l% u;us fuehY; LFkkL;frA rnk dk"BowQV% p×Pok rL; u;us LiQksVf;";frA ,oa l% xt% vUèk% Hkfo";frA r`"kkrZ% l% tyk'k;a xfe";frA ekxsZ

60

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

egku~ xÙkZ% vfLrA rL; vfUrosQ vga LFkkL;kfe 'kCna p dfj";kfeA ee 'kCnsu ra xr± tyk'k;a eRok l rfLeUuso xrsZ ifr";fr efj";fr pA** vFk rFkkÑrs l% xt% eè;kÉs e.MwdL; 'kCne~ vuqlR` ; egr% xrZL; vUr% ifrr% e`r% pA rFkk pksDre~& ^cgwukeI;lkjk.kka leok;ks fg nqt; Z %*A

'kCnkFkkZ% iqjk

&

igys] iqjkus le; esa

'kq.Msu

&

lwM¡ ls

uhMe~

&

?kksl a ys dks

fo'kh.kkZfu

&

u"V gks x,

reqiRs ; (re~ $ misR;)

&

mlosQ ikl tkdj

eè;kÉs

&

nksigj esa

fuehY;

&

cUn djosQ

LFkkL;fr

&

#d tk,xk

LiQksVf;";fr

&

iQksM+ nsxk

r`"kkrZ% (r`"kk $ vkrZ%)

&

I;kl ls ihfM+r

xrZ%

&

xM~
rFkk Ñrs

&

oSlk djus ij

e.MwdL;

&

es
vuql`R;

&

vuqlj.k djosQ

ifrr%

&

fxj x;k

e`r%

&

ej x;k

61

leok;ks fg nqtZ;%

pksDre~ (p $ mDre~)

&

vkSj dgk x;k gS

cgwukeI;lkjk.kke~ (cgwuke~ $ vfi $ vlkjk.kke~)

&

vusd fucZyksa dk

leok;%

&

lewg] laxBu

nqtZ;%

&

dfBurk ls thrus ;ksX;

vH;kl% 1- iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkkf.k ,dinsu fy[kr& (d)o`{ks dk izfrolfr Le\ ([k)o`{kL; v/% d% vkxr%\ (x) xt% osQu 'kk[kke~ v=kksV;r~\ (?k) dk"BowQV% pVdka dL;k% lehie~ vu;r~\ (Ä) ef{kdk;k% fe=ka d% vklhr~\ 2- js[kkfÄrï kfu inkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r& (d)dkysu pVdk;k% lUrfr% tkrkA ([k)pVdk;k% uhMa Hkqfo virr~A (x) xtL; o/suoS ee nq%[ke~ viljsrA~ (?k) dk"BowQV% p×Pok xtL; u;us LiQksVf;";frA 3- e×tw"kkr% fØ;kinkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r& dfj";kfe

xfe";fr

vu;r~

ifr";fr

LiQksVf;";fr

(d)dk"BowQV% p×Pok xtL; u;us --------------------- A

=kksV;fr

62

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

([k)ekxsZ fLFkr% vgefi 'kCna --------------------- A (x) r`"kkrZ% xt% tyk'k;a --------------------- A (?k) xt% xrsZ --------------------- A (Ä) dk"BowQV% rka ef{kdk;k% lehia --------------------- A (p) xt% 'kq.Msu o`{k'kk[kk% --------------------- A 4- iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k ,dokD;su fy[kr& (d)pVdk;k% foykia JqRok dk"BowQV% rka fde~ vi`PNr~\ ([k)pVdk;k% dk"BowQVL; p okrk± JqRok ef{kdk fde~ vonr~\ (x) es?kukn% ef{kdka fde~ vonr~\ (?k) pVdk dk"BowQVa fde~ vonr~\ 5- mnkgj.keuqlR` ; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r& (d)

([k)

iq#"k%

,dopue~

f}opue~

cgqopue~

;Fkk&izFkeiq#"k%

ifB";r%

izFkeiq#"k%

ifB";fr -----------------

izFkeiq#"k%

-----------------

ifr";r% -----------------

ifB";fUr -----------------

iq#"k%

,dopue~

f}opue~

cgqopue~

xfe";Fk%

eè;eiq#"k%

xfe";fl -----------------

xfe";Fk -----------------

eè;eiq#"k%

-----------------

;Fkk&eè;eiq#"k%

/kfo";Fk% -----------------

efj";fUr

ØhfM";Fk

63

leok;ks fg nqtZ;%

(x)

iq#"k%

,dopue~

f}opue~

cgqopue~

ysf[k";ko%

mÙkeiq#"k%

ysf[k";kfe -----------------

ysf[k";ke% -----------------

mÙkeiq#"k%

-----------------

;Fkk& mÙkeiq#"k%

gfl";ko% -----------------

nz{;ke%

6- mnkgj.kkuqlkja ^Le* 'kCna ;kstf;Rok HkwrdkfydfØ;ka jp;r& ;Fkk&volr~ & olfr LeA --------------------A viBr~ & v=kksV;r~

&

--------------------A

virr~

&

vi`PNr~

&

--------------------A --------------------A

vonr~

&

vu;r~

&

--------------------A --------------------A

7- dks"Bdkr~ mfpra ina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r& (d) ---------------------- ckfydk e/qja xk;frA (,de~] ,dk] ,d%) ([k) ---------------------- Ñ"kdk% Ñf"kdekZf.k oqQoZfUrA (pRokj%] prÏ%] pRokfj) (x) ---------------------- i=kkf.k lqUnjkf.k lfUrA (rs] rk%] rkfu) (?k) /suo% nqX/a ---------------------- A (nnkfr] nnfr] nnfUr) (Ä) o;a laLÑre~ ---------------------- A (viBe~] viBu~] viBke)

64

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

}kn'k% ikB%

dYiyrso fo|k u pkSjgk;± u p jktgk;± u Hkzkr`HkkT;a u p Hkkjdkfj A O;;s Ñrs o/Zr ,o fuR;a fo|k/ua loZ/uiz/kue~ AA 1 AA fo|k uke ujL; :ief/oaQ izPNÂxqIra /ue~ fo|k Hkksxdjh ;'k% lq[kdjh fo|k xq:.kka xq#% A fo|k cU/qtuks fons'kxeus fo|k ijk nsork fo|k jktlq iwT;rs u fg /ua fo|k&foghu% i'kq% AA 2 AA osQ;wjk% u foHkw"k;fUr iq#"ka gkjk u pUæksTToyk u Lukua u foysiua u oqQlqea ukyÄ` ïrk ew/t Z k% A ok.;sdk leyÄïjksfr iq#"ka ;k laLÑrk /k;Zrs {kh;Urss¿f[kyHkw"k.kkfu lrra okXHkw"k.ka Hkw"k.ke~ AA 3 AA ekrso j{kfr firso fgrs fu;qÄ~Drs dkUrso pkfHkje;R;iuh;[ksne~ A y{eha ruksfr foruksfr p fn{kq dhfrZe~ ¯d ¯d u lk/;fr dYiyrso fo|k AA 4 AA

65

dYiyrso fo|k

'kCnkFkkZ% pkSjgk;Ze~ jktgk;Ze~ Hkzkr`HkkT;e~ Hkkjdkfj izPNÂxqIre~ Hkksxdjh ijk jktlq osQ;wjk% pUæksTToyk (pUæ $ mTToyk) foysiue~

& & & & & & & & & & &

ukyÄ~Ñrk (u $ vyÄ~Ñrk) ew/Ztk% ok.;sdk (ok.kh $ ,dk) leyÄïjksfr laLÑrk /k;Zrs {kh;Urss¿f[kyHkw"k.kkfu ({kh;Urs $ vf[kyHkw"k.kkfu) fgrs fu;qÄ~Drs dkUrso (dkUrk $ bo)

& & & & & & &

pksjksa osQ }kjk pqjkus ;ksX; jktk osQ }kjk Nhuus ;ksX; Hkkb;ksa osQ }kjk ck¡Vus ;ksX; Hkkj c<+kus okyh futh (vkReh;) xqIr Hkksx dk lk/u miyC/ djkus okyh lcls cM+h jktkvksa esa cktwcUn pUæek osQ leku pednkj 'kjhj ij ysi djus ;ksX; lqxfU/r&æO; (pUnu] osQlj vkfn) ugha ltk;k gqvk os.kh] pksVh ,dek=k ok.kh vPNh rjg lq'kksfHkr djrh gS laLdkj;qDr (ifj"Ñr) /kj.k dh tkrh gS lEiw.kZ vkHkw"k.k u"V gks tkrs gSa

& & &

dY;k.k esa yxkrk@yxkrh gS iRuh osQ leku

66

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

pkfHkje;R;iuh;[ksne~ (p $ vfHkje;fr $ viuh;[ksne~) ruksfr fn{kq lk/;fr dYiyrso (dYiyrk $ bo)

&

d"V dks nwjdj vkufUnr djrh gS

& & & &

iSQykrh gS (o`f¼ djrh gS) fn'kkvksa esa liQy cukrh gS] fl¼ djrh gS dYiyrk dh rjg

vH;kl% 1- mi;qDrdFkukuka le{ke~ ^vke~*] vuqi;qDrdFkukuka le{ka ^u* bfr fy[kr& (d) fo|k jktlq iwT;rsA ([k) okXHkw"k.ka Hkw"k.ka uA (x) fo|k/ua loZ/us"kq iz/kue~A (?k) fons'kxeus fo|k cU/qtu% u HkofrA (Ä) fo|k loZ=k dhfr± ruksfrA 2- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka fyÄaõ] foHkfDra opu×p fy[kr& inkfu ujL;

fyÄeõ ~ ---------------

foHkfDr% ---------------

opue~ ---------------

xq:.kke~

---------------

---------------

---------------

osQ;wjk%

---------------

---------------

---------------

dhfrZe~

---------------

---------------

---------------

Hkw"k.kkfu

---------------

---------------

---------------

67

dYiyrso fo|k

3- 'yksdka'kku~ ;kst;r& d

[k

fo|k jktlq iwT;rs u fg /ue~

gkjk u pUæksTToyk%

osQ;wjk% u foHkw"k;fUr iq#"ke~

u Hkzkr`HkkT;a u p Hkkjdkfj

u pkSjgk;± u p jktgk;Ze~

;k laLÑrk /k;Zrs

ekrso j{kfr firso fgrs fu;qÄD~ rs

fo|k&foghu% i'kq%

ok.;sdk leyÄïjksfr iq#"ke~

dkUrso pkfHkje;R;iuh;[ksne~

4- ,dinsu iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k fy[kr& (d) d% i'kq%\ ([k) dk Hkksxdjh\ (x) osQ iq#"ka u foHkw"k;fUr\ (?k) dk ,dk iq#"ka leyÄïjksfr\ (Ä) dkfu {kh;Urs\ 5- js[kkfÄïrinkfu vf/ÑR; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r& (d) fo|kfoghu% uj% i'kq% vfLrA ([k) fo|k jktlq iwT;rsA (x) pUæksTToyk% gkjk% iq#"ka u vyÄoZïq fUrA (?k) firk fgrs fu;qÄD~ rsA (Ä) fo|k/ua loZi/ z kua /uefLrA (p) fo|k fn{kq dhfr± ruksfrA

68

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

6- iw.kZokD;su iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k fy[kr& (d) xq:.kka xq#% dk vfLr\ ([k) dhn`'kh ok.kh iq#"ka leyÄïjksfr\ (x) O;;s Ñrs ¯d o/Zr\s (?k) fo|k oqQ=k dhfr± foruksfr\ (Ä) ekrk firk bo fo|k ¯d ¯d djksfr\ 7- e×tw"kkr% iqf¡ YyÄõ&L=khfyÄõ&uiql a dfyÄõinkfu fpRok fy[kr& fo|k ;Fkk&

/ue~

laLÑrk

lrre~

oqQlqee~

ew/Ztk% i'kq%

xq#%

iq¡fYyÄõe~

L=khfyÄõe~

uiqaldfyÄõe~

gkjk% ------------------

vyÄ` ïrk ------------------

Hkw"k.ke~

------------------

------------------

------------------

------------------

------------------

------------------

------------------

dkUrk

ve`ra laLÑre~

69

=k;ksn'k% ikB%

ve`ra laLÑre~ bdkjkUrL=khfyÄõ% fo'oL; lokZlq Hkk"kklq laLÑrHkk"kk izkphurek Hkk"kkfLrA Hkk"ks;a càhuka Hkk"kk.kka tuuh erkA vL;keso Hkk"kk;ka KkufoKku;ks% fuf/% lqjf{krks¿fLrA ;FkksDre~& ^HkkjrL; izfr"Bs }s laLÑra laLÑfrLrFkk*A vL;k% Hkk"kk;k% oSKkfudrka fopk;Z ,o lÄõ.kdfo'ks"kKk% dFk;fUr ;r~ laLÑreso lÄõ.kdL; Ñrs loksÙZ kek Hkk"kk fo|rsA vL;k% okÄ~e;a osn%S ] iqjk.kS%] uhfr'kkL=kS% fpfdRlk'kkL=kkfnfHk'p le`¼efLrA dkfynklln`'kkuka fo'odohuka dkO;lkSUn;Ze~ vuqiee~A pk.kD;jfpre~ vFkZ'kkL=ka txfr izfl¼efLrA xf.kr'kkL=ks 'kwU;L; izfriknua loZiFz kea HkkLdjkpk;Z% fl¼kUrf'kjkse.kkS vdjksrA~ fpfdRlk'kkL=ks pjdlqJrq ;ks% ;ksxnkua foÜoizfl¼e~A laLÑrs ;kfu vU;kfu 'kkL=kkf.k fo|Urs rs"kq [kxksyfoKkua] okLrq'kkL=ka] jlk;u'kkL=ka] T;ksfr"k'kkL=ka] foeku'kkL=ka p mYys[kuh;e~A laLÑrL; bna oSf'k"V~;a orZrs ;r~ vL;k% okÄ~e;s fo|ekuk% lwDr;% vH;qn;k; izjs ;fUrA ofj"Bku~ dfu"Bku~ p izfr vLekfHk% dFka O;ogrZO;e~ bR;L; O;kogkfjoaQ Kkua laLÑreso nnkfrA HkkjrloZdkjL; fofHkÂs"kq foHkkxs"kq laLÑrL; lwDr;% è;s;okD;:is.k LohÑrk% lfUrA HkkjrloZdkjL; jktfpÉs iz;Dq rka lwfDra ^lR;eso t;rs* losZ tkufUrA ,oeso jkf"Vª;'kSf{kdkuqlUèkkuizf'k{k.kifj"kn% è;s;okD;a ^fo|;k¿e`re'uqr*s orZrAs

70

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

osQpu dFk;fUr ;r~ laLÑrHkk"kk;ka osQoya /kfeZoQa lkfgR;e~ orZr&s ,"kk èkkj.kk lehphuk ukfLrA laLÑrxzUFks"kq ekuothouk; fofo/k% fo"k;k% lekfo"Vk% lfUrA egkiq#"kk.kka efr%] mÙketukuka /`fr% lkekU;tukuka thoui¼fr% p of.kZrk% lfUrA vr% vLekfHk% laLÑre~ vo';eso iBuh;a ;su euq";L; lektL; p ifj"dkj% HkosrA~ mDr×p& ve`ra laLÑra fe=k ! ljla ljya op% A ,drkewyoaQ jk"Vªs KkufoKkuiks"kde~ AA

'kCnkFkkZ% Hkk"ks;e~ (Hkk"kk $ b;e~)

&

;g Hkk"kk

erk

&

ekuh xbZ gS

fuf/%

&

[ktkuk

fopk;Z

&

fopkj dj

lÄõ.kdfo'ks"kKk%

&

dEI;wVj osQ fo'ks"kK

okÄ~e;e~

&

lkfgR;

vuqiee~

&

vrqyuh;

txfr

&

lalkj esa

[kxksyfoKkue~

&

vUrfj{kfoKku

jlk;u'kkL=ke~

&

osQfeLVªh

ofj"Bku~

&

vius ls cM+ksa dks

ve`ra laLÑre~

71

dfu"Bku~ dFka O;ogrZO;e~ è;s;okD;:is.k

& & &

èk`fr% ,drkewyde~

& &

vius ls NksVksa dks fdl izdkj O;ogkj djuk pkfg, è;ku j[kus ;ksX; (egÙoiw.kZ) okD; osQ :i esa /S;Z ,drk dk ewy

vH;kl% 1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r& càhuke~

lÄõ.kdL;

fpfdRlk'kkL=ke~

oSf'k"V~;e~

Hkwxksy'kkL=ke~

okÄ~e;s

fo|ekuk%

vFkZ'kkL=ke~

2- iz'ukuke~ ,dinsu mÙkjkf.k fy[kr& (d) dk Hkk"kk izkphurek \ ([k) Hkkjrh;laLÑrs% j{k.ka osQu lEHkofr \ (x) pk.kD;su jfpra 'kkL=ka fde~ \ (?k) dL;k% Hkk"kk;k% dkO;lkSUn;Ze~ vuqiee~\ (Ä) 'kwU;L; izfriknua d% vdjksr\~ 3- iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k ,dokD;su fy[kr& (d) HkkjrloZdkjL; jktfpÉs ¯d fyf[kre~ vfLr \ ([k) laLÑrL; okÄ~e;a oSQ% le`¼efLr \

72

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

(x) laLÑrL; lwDr;% osQu :is.k LohÑrk% lfUr\ (?k) vLekfHk% laLÑra fdeFk± iBuh;e~ \ 4- bdkjkUr&L=khfyÄ'õ kCn:ie~ vf/ÑR; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r& xfr (izFkek) xfr% xrh

xr;%

efr (izFkek)

--------

--------

er;%

cqf¼ (f}rh;k)

cqf¼e~

cq¼h

cq¼h%

izhfr (f}rh;k)

--------

izhrh

--------

uhfr (r`rh;k)

uhR;k

uhfrH;ke~

uhfrfHk%

'kkfUr (r`rh;k)

--------

--------

'kkfUrfHk%

efr (prqFkhZ)

eR;S@er;s

efrH;ke~

efrH;%

izÑfr (prqFkhZ)

--------@--------

izÑfrH;ke~

--------

dhfrZ (i×peh)

dhR;kZ%@dhrs%Z

dhfrZH;ke~

dhfrZH;%

xhfr (i×peh)

--------@--------

xhfrH;ke~

--------

lwfDr ("k"Bh)

lwDrs%@lwDR;k%

lwDR;ks%

lwDrhuke~

Ñfr ("k"Bh)

--------@--------

--------

Ñrhuke~

/`fr (lIreh)

/`rkS@/`R;ke~

/`R;ks%

/`fr"kq

Hkhfr (lIreh)

HkhrkS@-------

--------

--------

efr (lEcks/u)

gs ers!

gs erh!

gs er;%!

ve`ra laLÑre~

73

5- js[kkfÄïrkfu inkfu vf/ÑR; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r& (d) laLÑrs KkufoKku;ks% fuf/% lqjf{krks¿fLrA ([k) laLÑreso lÄõ.kdL; Ñrs loksÙZ kek Hkk"kkA (x) 'kY;fØ;k;k% o.kZua laLÑrlkfgR;s vfLrA (?k) ofj"Bku~ izfr vLekfHk% fiz;a O;ogÙkZO;e~A 6- mnkgj.kkuqlkja inkuka foHkfDra opu×p fy[kr& inkfu foHkfDr% opue~ ;Fkk&laLÑrs% xfr%

"k"Bh --------------

,dopue~ --------------

uhfre~

--------------

--------------

lwDr;%

--------------

--------------

'kkUR;k

--------------

--------------

izhR;S

--------------

--------------

efr"kq

--------------

--------------

7- ;Fkk;ksX;a la;ksT; fy[kr& d

[k

nwjn'kZuL; vkn'kZokD;e~

uHk% Li`'ka nhIre~A

pk.kD;su

;ksx{ksea ogkE;ge~A

thouchekfuxeL; vkn'kZokD;e~

HkkLdjkpk;Z%A

'kwU;L; vkfo"drkZ

lR;a f'koa lqUnje~A

ok;qlus k;k% vkn'kZokD;e~

vFkZ'kkL=ka jfpre~A

74

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

è;krO;e~& 7 vfLeu~ ikBs laLÑfr&Le`fr&uhfr&lwfDr&ifjfLFkfr&i¼fr&n`f"V&èk`fr&'kkfUr& izhfr&bR;kn;% 'kCnk% iz;Dq rk% lfUrA ,rs 'kCnk% xfr&efr&'kCnor~ L=khfyX iz;Dq rk% HkofUrA

7 ,rs"kka 'kCnkuka prqFkhZ&i×peh&"k"Bh&lIreh&foHkfDrhukesdopus }s }s :is Hkor%A ;Fkk&xR;S&xr;s] xR;k%&xrs%] xR;ke~&xrkSA

7 xf.kr'kkL=ke~

&

Mathematics; Comprises Arithmetic, Algebra and Geometry

fpfdRlk'kkL=ke~

&

Medical Science (Administering remedies or medicine)

okLrq'kkL=ke~

&

Architecture

jlk;u'kkL=ke~

&

Chemistry

T;ksfr"k'kkL=ke~

&

Astronomy

foeku'kkL=ke~

&

Aeronautics

vukfjdk;k% ftKklk

75

prqnZ'k% ikB%

vukfjdk;k% ftKklk ½dkjkUriqf¡ YyÄõ% ckfydk;k% vukfjdk;k% eufl loZnk egrh ftKklk HkofrA vr% lk cgwu~ iz'uku~ i`PNfrA rL;k% iz'uS% los"Z kka cqf¼% pØor~ HkzefrA izkr% mRFkk; lk vUoHkor~ ;r~ rL;k% eu% izlÂa ukfLrA euksfouksnk; lk Hkzferqa x`gkr~ cfg% vxPNr~ fpja p vHkzer~A Hkze.kdkys lk vi';r~ ;r~ ekxkZ% lqlfTtrk% lfUrA ¯d dkj.ke~ v=k bfr fpUr;Urh lk vLejr~ ;r~ v| rq eU=kh vkxfe";frA l% fdeFkZe~ vkxfe";fr bfr fo"k;s rL;k% ftKklk% izkjCèkk%A rk% ftKklk% 'kef;rqe~ lk x`ga izR;kxPNr~ firja p vi`PNr~&^^fir%! eU=kh fdeFkZe~ vkxPNfr\** firk vonr~&^^iqf=k! u|k% mifj ;% uohu% lsr%q fufeZr% rL; mn~?kkVukFk± eU=kh vkxPNfrA** vukfjdk iqu% vi`PNr~&^^fir%! ¯d eU=kh lsrks% fuekZ.ke~ vdjksr\~ ** firk vdFk;r~&^^u fg

76

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

iqf=k] lsrks% fuekZ.ka deZdjk% voqQoZuA~ ** iqu% vukfjdk;k% iz'u% vklhr~&^^;fn deZdjk% lsrks% fuekZ.ke~ voqQoZu~] rnk eU=kh fdeFkZe~ vkxPNfr\** firk vonr~&^^;rksfg l% vLekoaQ ns'kL; eU=khA** ^^fir%] lsrks% fuekZ.kk; izLrjkf.k oqQr% vk;kfUr\ ¯d rkfu eU=kh nnkfr\** fojDrHkkosu firk mnrjr~&^^vukfjosQ! izLrjkf.k tuk% ioZrHs ;% vku;fUrA** ^^fir%! rfgZ fde~\ ,rnFk± eU=kh /ua nnkfr\ rL; ik'osZ /ukfu oqQr% vkxPNfUr\** ,rku~ iz'uku~ JqRok firk¿onr~&^^vjs! iztk% loZdkjk; /ua iz;PNfUrA** fofLerk vukfjdk iquji`PNr~&^^fir%! ;fn deZdjk% ioZrHs ;% izLrjkf.k vkuh; lsraq fuekZfUr] iztk% loZdkjk; /ua nnfr] rfgZ eU=kh lsrks% mn~?kkVukFk± fdeFkZe~ vkxPNfr\** cgwu~ iz'uku~ mÙkju~ firk vonr~&^^izFkeeso vge~ vdFk;e~ ;r~ l% ,o ns'kL; eU=kh vfLrA cgqi'z uku~ djksf"kA py] lqlfTtrk HkwRok fo|ky;a xPNA** bnkuhe~ vfi vukfjdk;k% eufl cgo% iz'uk% lfUrA

'kCnkFkkZ% egrh vUoHkor~ euksfouksnk; fpUr;Urh vLejr~ 'kef;rqe~ lsrq% mnrjr~ izLrjkf.k loZdkjk;

& & & & & & & & & &

cM+h vuqHko fd;k eu izlUu djus osQ fy, lksprh gqbZ ;kn fd;k 'kkUr djus osQ fy, iqy mÙkj fn;k iRFkj ljdkj osQ fy,

vukfjdk;k% ftKklk

77

fuekZfUr nnfr mÙkju~

& & &

fuekZ.k djrs gSa@cukrs gSa nsrs gSa mÙkj nsrk gqvk

vH;kl% 1- mPpkj.ka oqQ#r& eU=kh deZdjk% HkzkrÏ.kke~ usrfj

fuekZ.ke~ ftKklk mn~?kkVukFkZe~ vi`PNr~

2- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuka mÙkjkf.k fy[kr& (d) dL;k% egrh ftKklk orZr\s ([k) eU=kh fdeFkZe~ vkxPNfr\ (x) lsrks% fuekZ.ka osQ voqQoZu\~ (?k) lsrks% fuekZ.kk; deZdjk% izLrjkf.k oqQr% vku;fUrA (Ä) osQ loZdkjk; /ua iz;PNfUr\ 3- js[kkfÄïrinkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r& (d) vukfjdk;k% iz'uS% los"Z kka cqf¼% pØor~ HkzefrA ([k) eU=kh lsrks% mn~?kkVukFkZe~ vkxPNfrA (x) deZdjk% lsrks% fuekZ.ke~ oqQoZfUrA (?k) ioZrHs ;% izLrjkf.k vkuh; lsrks% fuekZ.ka HkofrA (Ä) tuk% loZdkjk; ns'kL; fodklkFk± /ua nnfrA

Hkzk=kk fi=ks fir`H;ke~ fpUr;Urh

78

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

4- mnkgj.kkuqlkja :ikf.k fy[kr& foHkfDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ izFkek

f}rh;k

r`rh;k

prqFkhZ

i×peh

"k"Bh

lIreh

firk ----------

firjkS

nkrkje~ ----------

nkrkjkS

/k=kk ----------

/krkjkS ---------

firj% (fir`) ---------- (Hkzkr`) nkrÏu~ (nkr`) ---------- (/kr`)

dr`ZH;ke~

/kr`fHk% (/kr`) ---------- (drZ)`

fo/k=ks

usr`H;ke~ ----------

usr`H;% (usr`) ---------- (fo/kr`)

drq%Z ----------

dr`HZ ;ke~ ----------

drZ`H;% (dr`)Z

firq% ----------

fi=kks% Hkzk=kks%

firÏ.kke~ (fir`) ---------- (Hkzkr`)

lforfj

lfo=kks% ----------

lfor`"kq (lfor`) ---------- (vfHkusr)`

gs tkekrjkS! ----------

gs tkekrj% (tkekr`) ---------- (uIr`)

us=ks

vfHkusrfj lEcks/ue~

HkzkrjkS

cgqopue~

gs tkekr%! gs uIr%!

grZH` ;% (gr`)Z

5- dks"BosQH;% leqfprinkfu fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r& (d) vga izkr% ------------------ lg Hkze.kk; xPNkfeA (fi=kk@firq%) ([k) ckyk vki.kkr~ ------------------ iQykfu vku;frA (Hkzkrq%@Hkzk=ks)

vukfjdk;k% ftKklk

79

(x) deZdjk% lsrks% fuekZ.kL; ------------------ HkofUrA (drkZje~@dÙkkZj%) (?k) ee ------------------ rq ,rs"kka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k vnnkr~A (firk@firj%) (Ä) ro ------------------ oqQ=k thfodksiktZua oqQ#r%\ (Hkzkrj%@HkzkrjkS) 6- fp=ka n`"V~ok e×tw"kkr% inkfu p iz;Tq ; okD;kfu jp;r&

/kj;fUr

ckyk%

ol;kue~

N=ke~

rs

vkjksgfUr

o"kkZ;ke~

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu vk/`R; okD;kfu jp;r& --------------------------------------------------------iz'uk% ¾ uohu%

¾

---------------------------------------------------------

izkr%

¾

---------------------------------------------------------

vkxPNfr

¾

---------------------------------------------------------

izlUu%

¾

---------------------------------------------------------

80

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

i×pn'k% ikB%

ykyuxhre~ mfnrs lw;sZ /j.kh foglfr A i{kh owQtfr deya fodlfr AA1AA unfr efUnjs mPpS
81

ykyuxhre~

'kCnkFkkZ% mfnrs

&

mxus ij] fudyus ij

unfr

&

vkokt@èofu djrk gS

mPpS%

&

Å¡ph vkokt es]a tksj ls


&

uxkM+k

lsyfr

&

Mxexkrh gS] fgyrh Mqyrh gS

M;Urs

&

mM+rs gSa

fp=kirXk%

&

frrfy;k¡

o.kSZ%

&

jaxks ls

foHkkfr

&

lq'kksfHkr gksrk gS

fLuX/e~

&

eqyk;e] fpduk

xgus

&

?kus

fofius

&

taxy esa

unZfr

&

ngkM+rk gS

rqX%

&

Å¡pk

fuogfr

&


f{kize~

&

tYnh ls] rsTkh ls

HkYyqd% (HkYywd%)

&

Hkkyw

djkye~

&

Hk;kud

djrkye~

&

rkyh

82

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

vH;kl% 1- xhre~ lLoja xk;rA 2- ,dinsu mÙkjr& (d) dk foglfr\ ([k) fde~ fodlfr\ (x) O;k?kz% oqQ=k xtZfr\ (?k) gfj.k% fda [kknfr\ (Ä) eUna d% xPNfr\ 3- js[kkfÄïrinkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r& (d) lfyys ukSdk lsyfrA ([k) iq"is"kq fp=kirXk% M;UrsA (x) m"Vª% i`"Bs Hkkja ogfrA (?k) /koule;s v'o% fdefi u [kknfrA (Ä) mfnrs lw;Zs /j.kh foglfrA 4- e×tw"kkr% lekukFkZdinkfu fpRok fy[kr& i`fFkoh

nsoky;s

tys

ous

e`x%

Hk;Äïje~

/j.kh

-----------------------

fofius

-----------------------

djkye~

-----------------------

gfj.k%

-----------------------

lfyys

-----------------------

efUnjs

-----------------------

83

ykyuxhre~

5- foykseinkfu esy;r& eUne~

uwrue~

uhpS%

fLuX/e~

dBksj%

izpqje~

iqjkrue~

mPpS%

vi;kZIre~

f{kize~

6- mfprdFkukuka le{ke~ ^vke~* vuqfprdFkukuka le{ka ^u* bfr fy[kr& (d) /koule;s v'o% [kknfrA ([k) m"Vª% i`"Bs Hkkja u ogfrA (x) flag% uhpS% Øks'kfrA (?k) iq"is"kq fp=kirÄõk% M;UrsA (Ä) ous O;k?kz% xtZfrA (p) gfj.k% uo?kkle~ u [kknfrA 7- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu funs'Z kkuqlkja ifjorZ;r& ;Fkk& fp=kirÄõ%

(izFkek&cgqopus)

&

HkYyqd%

(r`rh;k&,dopus)

&

fp=kirÄõk% -------------------

m"Vª%

(i×peh&f}opus)

&

-------------------

gfj.k%

(lIreh&cgqopus)

&

-------------------

O;k?kz%

(f}rh;k&,dopus)

&

-------------------

?kksVdjkt%

(lEcks/u&,dopus)

&

-------------------

84

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

8- fp=ka n`"V~ok e×tw"kkr% inkfu p iz;Tq ; okD;kfu jp;r&

[kxk% M;Urs

fodlfUr lw;Z%

deykfu fp=kirÄõk%

mnsfr owQtfUr

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ØhMfUr ckyk%

eÄõye~ fo'okfu nso lfornqZfjrkfu ijk lqo A ;n~ Hkæa rUu vk lqo AA 1 AA &½Xosn% (5-82-5)

ijLijfojksf/U;ksjsdlaJ;nqyZHke~ A lÄõra JhljLoR;ksHkwZr;s˘Lrq lnk lrke~ AA 2 AA &foØeksoZ'kh;e~ (5-24)

HkkokFkZ% gs lw;Z nso! gekjs leLr ikiksa dks nwj djsa rFkk tks gekjs fy, eXydkjd gS mls gesa iznku djsa AA 1 AA ,d nwljs osQ fojks/ esa jgus okyh y{eh vkSj ljLorh dk ,d vkJ; esa nqyZHk lekxe lnk lTtuksa osQ dY;k.k osQ fy, gks AA 2 AA

~

85

ifjf'k"Ve~

o.kZfopkj% 1- o.kkZ% laLÑrs bnkuha 48 o.kkZuka iz;ksx% HkofrA rs eq[;r;k Hkkx=k;s.k foHkDrk% lfUr] 1&Lojk% 2&O;×tukfu 3&v;ksxokgk'psfr] ;Fkk& Lojk%&13 gªLoLojk%&5

nh?kZLojk%&8

O;×tukfu&33

oxhZ;O;×tukfu&25 o~Q] [k~] x~] ?k~] Ä~] p~] N~] t~] rel="nofollow">~] ×k~] V~] B~] M~] <+]~ .k~] r~] Fk~] n~] /~] u~] i~] i~Q~ ] c~] Hk~] e~]

voxhZ;O;×tukfu&8 vUrLFkk%&4

Å"ek.k%&4

v;ksxokgkS&2 vuqLokj%

folxZ%

86

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

2- mPpkj.kLFkkukfu o.kkZfHkO;fDrizns'k% LFkkua dF;rsA 'kCniz;ksxle;s dk;kfXuuk izsfjr% ok;q% d.BkfnLFkkus"kq l×pju~ o.kkZu~ vfHkO;ufDrA ;FkksDra ikf.kuh;f'k{kk;ke~& vkRek cqnè~ ;k lesR;FkkZu~ euks ;qÄD~ rs foo{k;k A eu% dk;kfXuekgfUr l izjs ;fr ek#re~ AA ek#rLrwjfl pju~ eUnza tu;fr Loje~ AA v"VkS LFkkukfu o.kkZukeqj% d.B% f'kjLrFkk A ftàkewya p nUrk'p ukfldkS"BkS p rkyq p AA ,oe~ o.kkZuke~ mPpkj.kLFkkukfu v"VkS lfUrA (i) mj% (ii) d.B% (iii) f'kj% (iv) ftàkewye~ (v) nUrk% (vi) ukfldk (vii) vks"BkS (viii) rkyq%A r|Fkk& o.kkZ%

mRifÙkLFkkukfu

o.kkZuka laKk

v] vk] d~] [k~] x~] ?k~] Ä~] g~] folxZ%

d.B%

d.B~;%

b] bZ] p~] N~] t~] >~] ×k~] ;~] 'k~

rkyq%

rkyO;%

½] ½`] V~] B~] M~] <~] .k~] j~] "k~

ew/kZ

ew/ZU;%

y`] r~] Fk~] n~] /~] u~] y~] l~

nUrk%

nUR;%

m] Å] i~] iQ~] c~] Hk~] e~

vks"BkS

vks"B~;%

Ä~] ×k~] .k~] u~] e~

ukfldk $ d.Bknhfu

ukflD;%

,] ,s

d.Brkyw

d.BrkyO;%

vks] vkS

d.Bks"Be~

d.Bks"B~;%

o

nUrks"Be~

nUR;ks"B~;%

vuqLokj%

ukfldk

ukflD;%

ifjf'k"Ve~

87

dkjde~ (lkekU;ifjp;%) lkekU;r% "kV~dkjdkf.k HkofUrA ;Fkk& dÙkkZ deZ p dj.ka lEiznkua rFkSo p A viknkukf/dj.ke~ bR;kgq% dkjdkf.k "kV~ AA (i) dÙk`d Z kjde~

(ii) deZdkjde~

(iii) dj.kdkjde~

(iv) lEiznkudkjde~

(v) viknkudkjde~

(vi) vf/dj.kdkjde~

dÙkZd ` kjde~ & LorU=k% dÙkkZA fØ;k;ka ;% LorU=k% iz/kuks ok Hkofr l% dÙkkZA ;Fkk&jke% xzkea xPNfrA v=k xeufØ;k;ka jke% LorU=k% orZr]s vr% l% dÙk`d Z kjde~ vfLrA okD;s eq[;s drZfj izFkek] xkS.ks drZfj p r`rh;k foHkfDr% HkofrA ;Fkk& (d) jke% xzkea xPNfrA ([k) jkes.k xzke% xE;rsA deZdkjde~ & dÙkZjq hfIlrrea deZA dÙkkZ LofØ;;k ;e~ vFkZe~ vfr'k;su izkIrqe~ bPNfr rr~ deZ HkofrA ;Fkk&ckyd% fo|ky;a xPNfrA v=k okD;s ckyd% dÙkkZ Hkofr] xeufØ;;k fo|ky;% rL; bZfIlrrea orZr]s vr% fo|ky; bfr deZdkjoaQ orZr]s deZf.k f}rh;k foHkfDr%] (deZokP;s) eq[;s p izFkek foHkfDr% Hkofr] ;Fkk& (d) ckyd% fo|ky;a xPNfrA ([k) ckyosQu fo|ky;% xE;rsA dj.kdkjde~ & lk/drea dj.ke~A fØ;kfl¼kS ;r~ vfr'k;su lgk;oaQ Hkofr] rr~ dj.ka Hkofr] ;Fkk&';ke% dyesu fy[kfrA v=k dÙkq%Z ';keL; ys[ku fØ;k;ka dye% vfr'k;su lgk;d% vr% dye bfr dj.kdkjoaQ HkofrA dj.ks r`rh;k&foHkfDr% HkofrA lEiznkudkjde~ & deZ.kk ;efHkizfS r l lEiznkue~A dÙkkZ nkufØ;;k ;e~ lEc¼qe~ bPNfr] rr~ lEiznkua HkofrA ;Fkk&nsonÙk% fHk{kqdk; fHk{kka nnkfrA v=k dÙkkZ nsonÙk%

88

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

nkufØ;;k fHk{kqde~ vfHkizfS r ¾ lEcU¼qe~ bPNfrA vr% fHk{kqdina lEiznkudkjde~A lEiznkus prqFkhZ&foHkfDr% HkofrA viknkudkjde~~ & /zoq eik;s¿iknkue~A vik;s ¾ foHkkxs] ;r~ /zoq e~ ¾ vofèkHkwre~ rr~ viknkua Hkofr] ;Fkk& o`{kkr~ iQya irfrA v=k iQyL; foHkkx% o`{kkr~ Hkofr] vr% o`{k% /zoq % bfr viknkudkjde~A viknkus i×peh&foHkfDr% HkofrA vf/dj.kdkjde~ & vkèkkjks¿f/dj.ke~A dr`d Z eZfu"BfØ;k;k% vk/kjHkwra ;r~ orZr]s rr~ vf/dj.ka Hkofr] ;Fkk& fo|ky;s Nk=kk% iBfUrA v=k dÙkq%Z iBufØ;k;k% vk/kj% fo|ky; vfèkdj.kdkjde~A vf/dj.ks lIreh&foHkfDr% HkofrA

miinfoHkfDr% ine~ vkfJR; ;k foHkfDr% lk miinfoHkfDr%A ;Fkk& mHk;r% ifjr% loZr% izfr fud"kk f/o~Q lg fouk vye~

¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾

ue% cfg% mifj% v/% vUr%

¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾

nksuksa rjiQ (f}rh;k) unhe~ mHk;r% o`{kk% lfUrA pkjksa rjiQ (f}rh;k) fo|ky;a ifjr% izkphje~ vfLrA lHkh rjiQ (f}rh;k) xzkea loZr% Ñf"k{ks=kkf.k lfUrA dh vksj (f}rh;k) Nk=k% fo|ky;a izfr xPNfrA lehi esa (f}rh;k) fo|ky;a fud"kk m|kue~ vfLrA fuUnk (f}rh;k) ew[k± f/o~QA lfgr (r`rh;k) ckfydk ckyosQu lg [ksyfrA vfrfjDr (r`rh;k@i×peh@f}rh;k) Kkusu fouk thoua o`FkkA okj.k (r`rh;k) fooknsu vye~A leFkZ (prqFkhZ) eYy% eYyk; vye~A ueLdkj (prqFkhZ) fir`no s k; ue%A ckgj (i×peh) fo|ky;kr~ cfg% ckydk% [ksyfUrA Åij ("k"Bh) o`{kL; mifj eoZQVk% ØhMfUrA uhsps ("k"Bh) o`{kL; v/% ifFkd% mifo'kfrA Hkhrj ("k"Bh) fo|ky;L; vUr% Nk=kk% iBfUrA

ifjf'k"Ve~

89

'kCn:ikf.k loZuke&'kCn% ,rr~ (iqf¡ YyX) foHkfDr% izFkek f}rh;k r`rh;k prqFkhZ i×peh "k"Bh lIreh

,dopue~ ,"k% ,re~ ,rsu ,rLeSs ,rLekr~ ,rL; ,rfLeu~

f}opue~ ,rkSS ,rkS ,rkH;ke~ ,rkH;ke~ ,rkH;ke~ ,r;kss% ,r;kss%

cgqopue~ ,rs ,rku~ ,rS% ,rsH;% ,rsH;% ,rs"kke~ ,rs"kq

,rr~ (L=khfyX) foHkfDr% izFkek f}rh;k r`rh;k prqFkhZ i×peh "k"Bh lIreh

,dopue~ ,"kk ,rke~ ,r;k ,rL;Ss ,rL;k% ,rL;k% ,rL;ke~

f}opue~ ,rs ,rs ,rkH;ke~ ,rkH;ke~ ,rkH;ke~ ,r;kss% ,r;kss%

cgqopue~ ,rk% ,rk% ,rkfHk% ,rkH;% ,rkH;% ,rklke~ ,rklq

,rr~ (uiql a dfyX) foHkfDr% izFkek f}rh;k

,dopue~ ,rr~ ,rr~

f}opue~ ,rs ,rs

cgqopue~ ,rkfu ,rkfu

90

r`rh;k prqFkhZ i×peh "k"Bh lIreh

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

,rsu ,rLeSs ,rLekr~ ,rL; ,rfLeu~

,rkH;ke~ ,rkH;ke~ ,rkH;ke~ ,r;kss% ,r;kss%

,rS% ,rsH;% ,rsH;% ,rs"kke~ ,rs"kq

fo'ks"k%& loZuke'kCnkuka lEcks/us :ikf.k u HkofUrA

rr~ (iqf¡ YyX) foHkfDr% izFkek f}rh;k r`rh;k prqFkhZ i×peh "k"Bh lIreh

,dopue~ l% re~ rsu rLeSs rLekr~ rL; rfLeu~

f}opue~ rkS rkS rkH;ke~ rkH;ke~ rkH;ke~ r;kss% r;kss%

cgqopue~ rs rku~ rS% rsH;% rsH;% rs"kke~ rs"kq

rr~ (L=khfyX) foHkfDr% izFkek f}rh;k r`rh;k prqFkhZ i×peh "k"Bh lIreh

,dopue~ lk rke~ r;k rL;Ss rL;k% rL;k% rL;ke~

f}opue~ rs rs rkH;ke~ rkH;ke~ rkH;ke~ r;kss% r;ks%

cgqopue~ rk% rk% rkfHk% rkH;% rkH;% rklke~ rklq

ifjf'k"Ve~

91

rr~ (uiql a dfyX) foHkfDr% izFkek f}rh;k r`rh;k prqFkhZ i×peh "k"Bh lIreh

,dopue~ rr~ rr~~ rsu rLeSs rLekr~ rL; rfLeu~

f}opue~ rs rs rkH;ke~ rkH;ke~ rkH;ke~ r;kss% r;kss%

cgqopue~ rkfu rkfu rS% rsH;% rsH;% rs"kke~ rs"kq

fde~ (iqf¡ YyX) foHkfDr% izFkek f}rh;k r`rh;k prqFkhZ i×peh "k"Bh lIreh

,dopue~ d% de~ osQu dLeS dLekr~ dL; dfLeu~

f}opue~ dkS dkS dkH;ke~ dkH;ke~ dkH;ke~ d;ks% d;ks%

cgqopue~ osQ dku~ oSQ% osQH;% osQH;% osQ"kke~ osQ"kq

fde~ (L=khfyX) foHkfDr% izFkek f}rh;k r`rh;k prqFkhZ

,dopue~ dk dke~ d;k dL;S

f}opue~ osQ osQ dkH;ke~ dkH;ke~

cgqopue~ dk% dk% dkfHk% dkH;%

92

i×peh "k"Bh lIreh

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

dL;k% dL;k% dL;ke~

dkH;ke~ d;ks% d;ks%

dkH;% dklke~ dklq

fde~ (uiql a dfyX) foHkfDr% izFkek f}rh;k r`rh;k prqFkhZ i×peh "k"Bh lIreh

,dopue~ fde~ fde~ osQu dLeS dLekr~ dL; dfLeu~

f}opue~ osQ osQ dkH;ke~ dkH;ke~ dkH;ke~ d;ks% d;ks%

cgqopue~ dkfu dkfu oSQ% osQH;% osQH;% osQ"kke~ osQ"kq

bdkjkUr&L=khfyÄõ&'kCn% efr foHkfDr% izFkek f}rh;k r`rh;k prqFkhZ i×peh "k"Bh lIreh lEcks/ue~

,dopue~ efr% efre~ eR;k eR;S@er;s eR;k%@ers% eR;k%@ers% eR;ke~@erkS gs ers!

f}opue~ erh erh efrH;ke~ efrH;ke~ efrH;ke~ eR;ks% eR;ks% gs erh!

cgqopue~ er;% erh% efrfHk% efrH;% efrH;% erhuke~ efr"kq gs er;%!

,oeso xfr&fLFkfr&'kfDr&izhfr&Ñfr&bR;knhuke~ bdkjkUr&L=khfyÄõ&'kCnkuka :ikf.k HkofUrA

ifjf'k"Ve~

93

bZdkjkUr&L=khfyÄ&õ 'kCn% unh foHkfDr% izFkek f}rh;k r`rh;k prqFkhZ i×peh "k"Bh lIreh lEcks/ue~

,dopue~ unh unhe~ u|k u|S u|k% u|k% u|ke~ gs ufn!

f}opue~ u|kS u|kS unhH;ke~ unhH;ke~ unhH;ke~ u|ks% u|ks% gs u|kS!

cgqopue~ u|% unh% unhfHk% unhH;% unhH;% unhuke~ unh"kq gs u|%!

,oes o Hkfxuh&ys s [ kuh&ekfuuh&iBUrh&bR;knhuke~ bZ d kjkUr&L=khfyÄ õ& 'kCnkuka :ikf.k HkofUrA

bdkjkUr&uiql a dfyÄõ&'kCn% okfj foHkfDr% izFkek f}rh;k r`rh;k prqFkhZ i×peh "k"Bh lIreh lEcks/ue~

,dopue~ okfj okfj okfj.kk okfj.ks okfj.k% okfj.k% okfjf.k gs okfj! gs okjs!

f}opue~ okfj.kh okfj.kh okfjH;ke~ okfjH;ke~ okfjH;ke~ okfj.kks% okfj.kks% gs okfj.kh!

cgqopue~ okjhf.k okjhf.k okfjfHk% okfjH;% okfjH;% okjh.kke~ okfj"kq gs okjhf.k!

94

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

½dkjkUr&iqf¡ yÄõ&'kCn% fir` foHkfDr% izFkek f}rh;k r`rh;k prqFkhZ i×peh "k"Bh lIreh lEcks/ue~

,dopue~ firk firje~ fi=kk fi=ks firq% firq% firfj gs fir%!

f}opue~ firjkS firjkS fir`H;ke~ fir`H;ke~ fir`H;ke~ fi=kks% fi=kks% gs firjkS!

cgqopue~ firj% firÏu~ fir`fHk% fir`H;% fir`H;% firÏ.kke~ fir`"kq gs firj%!

,oeso Hkzkr`&tkekr`&nso` (nsoj)&bR;knhuke~ ½dkjkUr&iq¡fyÄõ&'kCnkuka :ikf.k HkofUrA r`u~&r`p~&izR;;kUrkuka nkr`&oDr`&/kr`&usr`&bR;knhuka rFkk Lol`&uIr`&{k=k`&gksr`&iksr`&'kCnkuka izFkek&f}rh;k&foHkDR;ks% :is"kq nh?kZ% HkofrA ;Fkk&nkrk] nkrkjkS nkrkj%A ekr`'kCnL; f}rh;k cgqopus ekrÏ% Hkofr] vU;kfu :ikf.k lekukfu ,oA

mdkjkUr&uiql a dfyÄõ&'kCn% e/q foHkfDr% izFkek f}rh;k r`rh;k prqFkhZ i×peh "k"Bh lIreh lEcks/ue~

,dopue~ e/q e/q e/quk e/qus e/qu% e/qu% e/qfu gs e/q] gs e/ks!

f}opue~ e/quh e/quh e/qH;ke~ e/qH;ke~ e/qH;ke~ e/quks% e/qukss% gs e/quh!

,oeso tkuq&rkyq&oLrq&bR;knhuke~ mdkjkUr&uiqald'kCnkuka :ikf.k HkofUrA

cgqopue~ e/wfu e/wfu e/qfHk% e/qH;% e/qH;% e/wuke~ e/q"kqq gs e/wfu!

ifjf'k"Ve~

95

/krq&:ikf.k pj~ (pyuk] pjuk) yV~ydkj% (orZekudky%) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k% eè;eiq#"k%

,dopue~ pjfr pjfl

f}opue~ pjr% pjFk%

cgqopue~ pjfUr pjFk

mÙkeiq#"k%

pjkfe

pjko%

pjke%

y`Vy ~ dkj% (Hkfo";Rdky%) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k% eè;eiq#"k%

,dopue~ pfj";fr pfj";fl

f}opue~ pfj";r% pfj";Fk%

cgqopue~ pfj";fUr pfj";Fk

mÙkeiq#"k%

pfj";kfe

pfj";ko%

pfj";ke%

yÄ~ydkj% (vrhrdky%) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k%

,dopue~ vpjr~

f}opue~ vpjrke~

cgqopue~ vpju~

eè;eiq#"k% mÙkeiq#"k%

vpj% vpje~

vpjre~ vpjko

vpjr vpjke

yksV~ydkj% (vuqKk@vkns'k%) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k%

,dopue~ pjrq

f}opue~ pjrke~

cgqopue~ pjUrq

eè;eiq#"k% mÙkeiq#"k%

pj pjkf.k

pjre~ pjko

pjr pjke

96

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

fof/fyÄ~ydkj% (fof/%@lEHkkouk) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k% eè;eiq#"k% mÙkeiq#"k%

,dopue~ pjsr~ pjs% pjs;e~

f}opue~ pjsrke~ pjsre~ pjso

cgqopue~ pjs;q% pjsr pjse

,oeso gl~] py~] [ksy~] [kkn~] /ko~] j{k~] iwt~] owQnZ~] ir~] Hkze~] fy[k~] xe~ (xPN)] iB~] ØhM~&bR;knhuka /krwuka :ikf.k HkofUrA

Ñ (djuk) yV~ydkj% (orZekudky%) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k% eè;eiq#"k% mÙkeiq#"k%

,dopue~ djksfr djksf"k djksfe

f}opue~ oqQ#r% oqQ#Fk% oqQoZ%

cgqopue~ oqQoZfUr oqQ#Fk oqQeZ%

y`Vy ~ dkj% (Hkfo";Rdky%) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k% eè;eiq#"k% mÙkeiq#"k%

,dopue~ dfj";fr dfj";fl dfj";kfe

f}opue~ dfj";r% dfj";Fk% dfj";ko%

cgqopue~ dfj";fUr dfj";Fk dfj";ke%

yÄ~ydkj% (vrhrdky%) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k% eè;eiq#"k% mÙkeiq#"k%

,dopue~ vdjksr~ vdjks% vdjoe~

f}opue~ voqQ#rke~ voqQ#re~ vdjoko

cgqopue~ voqQoZu~ voqQ#r vdjoke

ifjf'k"Ve~

97

yksV~ydkj% (vuqKk@vkns'k%) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k%

,dopue~ djksrq

f}opue~ oqQ#rke~

cgqopue~ oqQoZUrq

eè;eiq#"k%

oqQ#

oqQ#re~

oqQ#r

mÙkeiq#"k%

djokf.k

djoko

djoke

fof/fyÄ~ydkj% (fof/%@lEHkkouk) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k%

,dopue~ oqQ;kZr~

f}opue~ oqQ;kZrke~

cgqopue~ oqQ;Zq%

eè;eiq#"k%

oqQ;kZ%

oqQ;kZre~

oqQ;kZr

mÙkeiq#"k%

oqQ;kZe~

oqQ;kZo

oqQ;kZe

ol~ (jguk) yV~ydkj% (orZekudky%) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k%

,dopue~ olfr

f}opue~ olr%

cgqopue~ olfUr

eè;eiq#"k%

olfl

olFk%

olFk

mÙkeiq#"k%

olkfe

olko%

olke%

y`Vy ~ dkj% (Hkfo";Rdky%) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k%

,dopue~ oRL;fr

f}opue~ oRL;r%

cgqopue~ oRL;fUr

eè;eiq#"k%

oRL;fl

oRL;Fk%

oRL;Fk

mÙkeiq#"k%

oRL;kfe

oRL;ko%

oRL;ke%

98

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

yÄ~ydkj% (vrhrdky%) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k% eè;eiq#"k% mÙkeiq#"k%

,dopue~ volr~ vol% vole~

f}opue~ volrke~ volre~ volko

cgqopue~ volu~ volr volke

yksV~ydkj% (vuqKk@vkns'k%) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k% eè;eiq#"k% mÙkeiq#"k%

,dopue~ olrq ol olkfu

f}opue~ olrke~ olre~ olko

cgqopue~ olUrq olr olke

fof/fyÄ~ydkj% (fof/%@lEHkkouk) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k% eè;eiq#"k% mÙkeiq#"k%

,dopue~ olsr~ ols% ols;e~

f}opue~ olsrke~ olsre~ olso

cgqopue~ ols;q% olsr olse

n`'k~ (i';) ns[kuk yV~ydkj% (orZekudky%) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k% eè;eiq#"k% mÙkeiq#"k%

,dopue~ i';fr i';fl i';kfe

f}opue~ i';r% i';Fk% i';ko%

cgqopue~ i';fUr i';Fk i';ke%

y`Vy ~ dkj% (Hkfo";Rdky%) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k% eè;eiq#"k% mÙkeiq#"k%

,dopue~ nz{;fr nz{;fl nz{;kfe

f}opue~ nz{;r% nz{;Fk% nz{;ko%

cgqopue~ nz{;fUr nz{;Fk nz{;ke%

ifjf'k"Ve~

99

yÄ~ydkj% (vrhrdky%) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k% eè;eiq#"k% mÙkeiq#"k%

,dopue~ vi';r~ vi';% vi';e~

f}opue~ vi';rke~ vi';re~ vi';ko

cgqopue~ vi';u~ vi';r vi';ke

yksV~ydkj% (vuqKk@vkns'k%) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k% eè;eiq#"k% mÙkeiq#"k%

,dopue~ i';rq i'; i';kfu

f}opue~ i';rke~ i';re~ i';ko

cgqopue~ i';Urq i';r i';ke

fof/fyÄ~ydkj% (fof/%@lEHkkouk) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k% eè;eiq#"k% mÙkeiq#"k%

,dopue~ i';sr~ i';s% i';s;e~

f}opue~ i';srke~ i';sre~ i';so

cgqopue~ i';s;q% i';sr i';se

LFkk (fr"B) Bgjuk yV~ydkj% (orZekudky%) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k%

,dopue~ fr"Bfr

f}opue~ fr"Br%

cgqopue~ fr"BfUr

eè;eiq#"k%

fr"Bfl

fr"BFk%

fr"BFk

mÙkeiq#"k%

fr"Bkfe

fr"Bko%

fr"Bke%

100

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

y`Vy ~ dkj% (Hkfo";Rdky%) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k%

,dopue~ LFkkL;fr

f}opue~ LFkkL;r%

cgqopue~ LFkkL;fUr

eè;eiq#"k%

LFkkL;fl

LFkkL;Fk%

LFkkL;Fk

mÙkeiq#"k%

LFkkL;kfe

LFkkL;ko%

LFkkL;ke%

yÄ~ydkj% (vrhrdky%) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k%

,dopue~ vfr"Br~

f}opue~ vfr"Brke~

cgqopue~ vfr"Bu~

eè;eiq#"k%

vfr"B%

vfr"Bre~

vfr"Br

mÙkeiq#"k%

vfr"Be~

vfr"Bko

vfr"Bke

yksV~ydkj% (vuqKk@vkns'k%) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k%

,dopue~ fr"Brq

f}opue~ fr"Brke~

cgqopue~ fr"BUrq

eè;eiq#"k%

fr"B

fr"Bre~

fr"Br

mÙkeiq#"k%

fr"Bkfu

fr"Bko

fr"Bke

fof/fyÄ~ydkj% (fof/%@lEHkkouk) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k%

,dopue~ fr"Bsr~

f}opue~ fr"Bsrke~

cgqopue~ fr"Bs;q%

eè;eiq#"k%

fr"Bs%

fr"Bsre~

fr"Bsr

mÙkeiq#"k%

fr"Bs;e~

fr"Bso

fr"Bse

ifjf'k"Ve~

101

ip~ (idkuk) yV~ydkj% (orZekudky%) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k% eè;eiq#"k%

,dopue~ ipfr ipfl

f}opue~ ipr% ipFk%

cgqopue~ ipfUr ipFk

mÙkeiq#"k%

ipkfe

ipko%

ipke%

y`Vy ~ dkj% (Hkfo";Rdky%) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k% eè;eiq#"k%

,dopue~ i{;fr i{;fl

f}opue~ i{;r% i{;Fk%

cgqopue~ i{;fUr i{;Fk

mÙkeiq#"k%

i{;kfe

i{;ko%

i{;ke%

yÄ~ydkj% (vrhrdky%) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k%

,dopue~ vipr~

f}opue~ viprke~

cgqopue~ vipu~

eè;eiq#"k%

vip%

vipre~

vipr

mÙkeiq#"k%

vipe~

vipko

vipke

yksV~ydkj% (vuqKk@vkns'k%) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k%

,dopue~ iprq

f}opue~ iprke~

cgqopue~ ipUrq

eè;eiq#"k%

ip

ipre~

ipr

mÙkeiq#"k%

ipkfu

ipko

ipke

102

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

fof/fyÄ~ydkj% (fof/%@lEHkkouk) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k% eè;eiq#"k%

,dopue~ ipsr~ ips%

f}opue~ ipsrke~ ipsre~

cgqopue~ ips;q% ipsr

mÙkeiq#"k%

ips;e~

ipso

ipse

ik (fic~) ihuk yV~ydkj% (orZekudky%) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k% eè;eiq#"k%

,dopue~ ficfr ficfl

f}opue~ ficr% ficFk%

cgqopue~ ficfUr ficFk

mÙkeiq#"k%

fickfe

ficko%

ficke%

y`Vy ~ dkj% (Hkfo";Rdky%) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k%

,dopue~ ikL;fr

f}opue~ ikL;r%

cgqopue~ ikL;fUr

eè;eiq#"k%

ikL;fl

ikL;Fk%

ikL;Fk

mÙkeiq#"k%

ikL;kfe

ikL;ko%

ikL;ke%

yÄ~ydkj% (vrhrdky%) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k%

,dopue~ vficr~

f}opue~ vficrke~

cgqopue~ vficu~

eè;eiq#"k%

vfic%

vficre~

vficr

mÙkeiq#"k%

vfice~

vficko

vficke

ifjf'k"Ve~

103

yksV~ydkj% (vuqKk@vkns'k%) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k%

,dopue~ ficrq

f}opue~ ficrke~

cgqopue~ ficUrq

eè;eiq#"k% mÙkeiq#"k%

fic fickfu

ficre~ ficko

ficr ficke

fof/fyÄ~ydkj% (fof/%@lEHkkouk) iq#"k% izFkeiq#"k% eè;eiq#"k%

,dopue~ ficsr~ fics%

f}opue~ ficsrke~ ficsre~

cgqopue~ fics;q% ficsr

mÙkeiq#"k%

fics;e~

ficso

ficse

la[;kokpd'kCnk% 1

,d%

11

,dkn'k%

2 3

}kS =k;%

12

}kn'k%

13

=k;ksn'k%

4

pRokj%

14

prqn'Z k%

5

i×p

15

i×pn'k%

6

"kV~

7

lIr

16 17

"kksM'k% lIrn'k%

8 9

v"V@v"VkS uo

18

v"Vkn'k%

19

uon'k%@,dksu¯o'kfr%@Åu¯o'kfr%

10

n'k

20

¯o'kfr%

104

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

21

,d¯o'kfr%

41

,dpRok¯j'kr~

22

}k¯o'kfr%

42

f}pRok¯j'kr~

23

=k;ks¯o'kfr%

43

=k;'pRok¯j'kr~@f=kpRok¯j'kr~

24

prqfo±'kfr%

44

prq'pRok¯j'kr~

25

i×p¯o'kfr%

45

i×ppRok¯j'kr~

26

"kM~¯o'kfr%

46

"kV~pRok¯j'kr~

27

lIr¯o'kfr%

47

lIrpRok¯j'kr~

28

v"Vk¯o'kfr%

48

v"VpRok¯j'kr~@v"VkpRok¯j'kr~

29

uo¯o'kfr%@,dksu¯=k'kr~

49

uopRok¯j'kr~@,dksui×pk'kr~

30

f=k'kr~

50

i×pk'kr~

31

,d¯=k'kr~

51

,di×pk'kr~

32

}k¯=k'kr~

52

}ki×pk'kr~@f}i×pk'kr~

33

=k;¯L=k'kr~

53

=k;%i×p'kr~@f=ki×pk'kr~

34

prq¯L=k'kr~

54

prq%i×pk'kr~

35

i×p¯=k'kr~

55

i×pi×pk'kr~

36

"kV~¯=k'kr~

56

"kV~i×pk'kr~

37

lIr¯=k'kr~

57

lIri×pk'kr~

38

v"Vk¯=k'kr~

58

v"Vki×pk'kr~@v"Vi×pk'kr~

39

uo¯=k'kr~@,dksupRok¯j'kr~

59

uoi×pk'kr~@,dksu"kf"V%

40

pRok¯j'kr~

60

"kf"V%

ifjf'k"Ve~

105

61

,d"kf"V%

81

,dk'khfr%

62

}k"kf"V%@f}"kf"V%

82

}Ô'khfr%

63

=k;""kf"V%@f=k"kf"V%

83

=k;'khfr%

64

prq""kf"V%

84

prqj'khfr%

65

i×p"kf"V%

85

i×pk'khfr%

66

"kV~"kf"V%

86

"kM'khfr%

67

lIr"kf"V%

87

lIrk'khfr%

68

v"Vk"kf"V%@v"V"kf"V%

88

v"Vk'khfr%

69

uo"kf"V%@,dksulIrfr%

89

uok'khfr%@,dksuuofr%

70

lIrfr%

90

uofr%

71 72

,dlIrfr% }klIrfr%@f}lIrfr%

91

,duofr%

92

}kuofr%@f}uofr%

73

f=klIrfr%@=k;LlIrfr%

93

=k;ksuofr%@f=kuofr%

74

prqLlIrfr%

75

i×plIrfr%

94 95

prquoZ fr% i×puofr%

76

"kV~lIrfr%

96

"k..kofr%

77

lIrlIrfr%

97

lIruofr%

78

v"VklIrfr%@v"VlIrfr%

98

v"Vkuofr%@v"Vuofr%

79

uolIrfr%@,dksuk'khfr%

99

uouofr%@,dksu'kre~

80

v'khfr%

100 'kre~

106

#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

iwj.kokpd'kCnk% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

iq¡fyX

L=khfyX

uiq¡ldfyX

izFke% f}rh;% r`rh;% prqFkZ% i×pe% "k"B% lIre% v"Ve% uoe% n'ke%

izFkek f}rh;k r`rh;k prqFkhZ i×peh "k"Bh lIreh v"Veh uoeh n'keh

izFkee~ f}rh;e~ r`rh;e~ prqFkZe~ i×pee~ "k"Be~ lIree~ v"Vee~ uoee~ n'kee~