Murniza Muhamad

NUTRITION By

Murniza Muhamad

Knowledge • Animal Nutrition • Adaptation of teeth and jaws according to feeding habit

Skills • Classify animals according to nutrition • Describe the features of teeth and jaws according to feeding habit

What is herbivore? • A herbivore is an animal that gets its energy from eating plants, and only plants. Herbivore can also eat parts of plants, but generally only the fruits and vegetables produced by fruit-bearing plants. Many herbivores have special digestive systems that let them digest all kinds of plants, including grasses.

• Herbivores need a lot of energy to stay alive. Many of them, like cows and sheep, eat all day long. There should be a lot of plants in your ecosystem to support your herbivores. If you put carnivores or some omnivores in your ecosystem, they'll eat your herbivores, so make sure you have enough herbivores to support them.

What is Omnivore? • An omnivore is a kind of animal that eats either other animals or plants. Some omnivores will hunt and eat their food, like carnivores, eating herbivores and other omnivores. Some others are scavengers and will eat dead matter. Many will eat eggs from other animals.

• Omnivores eat plants, but not all kinds of plants. Unlike herbivores, omnivores can't digest some of the substances in grains or other plants that do not produce fruit. They can eat fruits and vegetables, though. Some of the insect omnivores in this simulation are pollinators, which are very important to the life cycle of some kinds of plants.

What is carnivore? • A carnivore is an animal that gets food from killing and eating other animals. • Carnivores generally eat herbivores, but can eat omnivores, and occasionally other carnivores. Animals that eat other animals, like carnivores and omnivores are important to any ecosystem, because they keep other species from getting overpopulated.

• Since carnivores have to hunt down and kill other animals they require a large amount of calories. This means that they have to eat many other animals over the course of the year. The bigger the carnivore, the more it has to eat. You should make sure that you have many more herbivores and omnivores than carnivores.

What it eats?

PLANTS AND ANIMALS

OTHER ANIMALS

OTHER ANIMALS

What it eats?

PLANTS

PLANTS

PLANTS & ANIMALS

What it eats?

PLANTS

PLANTS& ANIMALS

PLANT&ANIMALS

• Describe the features of teeth and jaws according to feeding habit.

• • • •

Much of the adaptive success of mammals is related to teeth Mammals are the only vertebrates that masticate Mammalian teeth are adapted for various diets Note the relationship between dentition and feeding pattern and how this impacts shape and structure of jaw and associated musculature

• REFER TO TOOTH STRUCTURE

Plant Nutrition • Plant nutrition is the study of the chemical elements that are necessary for plant growth. There are several principles that apply to plant nutrition.

• Some elements are essential, meaning that the absence of a given mineral element will cause the plant to fail to complete its life cycle; that the element cannot be replaced by the presence of another element; and that the element is directly involved in plant metabolism (Arnon and Stout, 1939).

• Plants require specific elements for growth and, in some cases, for reproduction.

Plant Nutrition • Plants need 16 elements for normal growth. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are found in air and water. Nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorous, and sulfur are found in the soil. These six elements are used in relatively large amounts by the plant and are called macronutrients.

• There are eight other elements that are used in much smaller amounts and are called micronutrients, or trace elements. The micronutrients, which are found in the soil, are iron, zinc, molybdenum, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, and chlorine. All 16 elements, both macronutrients and micronutrients, are essential for plant growth.

Mnemonics • "CHOPKN'S CaFe Mg MoB CuMnZn" or "C-Hopkins Cafe. Mighty Good. Mob comes in."

Major nutrients include: • • • • • • • • •

C = Carbon 450,000ppm H = Hydrogen 60,000ppm O = Oxygen 450,000ppm P = Phosphorus 2,000ppm K = Potassium 10,000ppm N = Nitrogen 15,000ppm S = Sulphur 1,000ppm Ca = Calcium 5,000ppm Mg = Magnesium 2000ppm

Minor Nutrients: • • • • • • •

Fe = Iron 100ppm Mo = Molybdenum 0.1ppm B = Boron 20ppm Cu = Copper 6ppm Mn = Manganese 50ppm Zn = Zinc 20ppm Cl = Chlorine 100ppm

• These nutrients are further divided into the mobile and immoblile nutrients. A plant will always supply more nutrients to its younger leaves than its older ones, so when nutrients are mobile, the lack of nutrients is first visible on older leaves.

• When a nutrient is less mobile, the younger leaves suffer because the nutrient does not move up to them but stays lower in the older leaves.

• Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are mobile nutrients, while the others have varying degrees of mobility. Concentration of ppm (parts per million) represents the dry weight of a representative plant.

Exercise

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Topic Excretion

HOMEWORK (prepare ppt slides)

Skills Draw and label the structure of skin and state their functions

Group Ong seok ling Ong Guik Joo

Draw and label Norazila Hassan the structure of Mahani Hassan kidney and state their functions

Topic

Skills

Group

Reproduction Describe how The Lee Kiaw animals Chua Phek See reproduce either through laying eggs or giving birth Describe asexual reproduction

Rafizah Ramli Siti Rohani Mokhtar

Topic

Skills

Group

Animal locomotion

Describe various types of animal locomotion

Noor Azalizam & Muhammad Adnan

Explain the Ooi Kheng Hwa importance of Chin Li Ming locomotion to animals

Topic

Skills

Group

Plant movement

Describe the Johari Jusoh various ways Chuah Choon Lan plants respond to stimuli

Plant excretionDescribe the Lim Cheo Tek process of Lim Bee Choo transpiration and guttation in plants