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MS OFFICE (MS Word, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint) MS Office helps you work more efficiently and effectively. Office offers integrated software tools that are powerful, yet easy to learn and use. Large and small offices can use Office –based applications for many of their day-to-day computer needs, families and home based businesses can also needs simple and analysis tools for their computers One of the most helpful features of Office is its capability to adjust different tools according to the users requirement, for examples, Word dose not display all menu commands in a particular Menu, it display the commands used most often by the user. So we can say that Office is fully integrated.
Office Assistant When you start any Office program, one of the first features you will notice is the Office Assistant (named Clippit), an online cartoon character that hangs around as you work and help or offers a lot of advices. It can be customize in shape and size.
Why MS Office Ms Office is a package suite of MS Word (A Word Processor), MS Excel (A Spreadsheet), MS PowerPoint (A Graphic Presentation Program), MS Access (A Relational Database), MS Outlook, MS Publisher and MS FrontPage. Research showed that most of the work done by most of the people could be categorized into 4 (MS Word, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint, MS Access) -7 (MS Outlook, MS Publisher and MS FrontPage) major categories
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MS Word When you need to write any text based document like letters, memos, reports, newsletters, invoices, fax messages etc on a computer, you look on a Word Processor. The biggest advantage in case of a word processor is ‘electronic cut and paste’, which means that user can move the typed matter around and in other document. MS Word is a word processor that supports many features, including the following – 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Automatic corrections for common mistakes as you type using special auto–correcting tools Wizard and templates that create and format documents for you Advanced Page layout and formatting capabilities Numbering, bulleting and shading tools Multiple document views so that you can see a rough draft of your document for the look of a final printed page as you write 6. Integrated grammar, spelling, and hyphenation tools 7. Newsletter-style, multiple columns, header, footers and endnotes in your publications 8. Drawing, border and shading tools that enable you to emphasize headers, draw lines and shapes around your text, and work with imported art files 9. Web-page development for internet users so that they can turn their documents in to webpages 10. Tables can be added in between the text for showing data in tabular format.
Example: - To write letters, memos, newsletters, invoices, fax messages etc on a computer User is editing a business letter to send to a client. Highlights: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
Why Word is considered the most powerful word processor in the market? How to enter text and navigate through your document? How Word’s advanced AutoCorrect features help eliminate common editing tasks for you? Which character and paragraph formats Word support? Why you should not get too fancy with document formats? When different views are helpful? How to see a preview of your printed document? What are documents properties? Where to locate and change documents’ properties? How to use the spelling and grammar checker? Why you need to proof documents manually despite the proofing tools in Word? How to customize Word to behave the way you want? How to type special characters that don’t appear on your keyboard? How to insert the date, time and page numbers in your documents? When to add AutoText and AutoCorrect entries? How to prepare table in your documents? How to convert a single-column document into multiple columns? What are header, footer, endnotes and footnotes?
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MS Excel: If you wish to tabulate information, i.e. arrange data in the form of rows and columns and manipulate and analyze it, MS Excel can be used to organize and sort non-numeric information, create complex table, chart, graphs etc. The primary goal for Excel is to help you organize and manage numerical/financial information such as Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Forecast. MS Excel is an electronic worksheet program that supports many features including: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Automatic cell formatting Automatic worksheet computations that enable you to generate worksheet that automatically recalculate when you make a change to a portion of the worksheet Built in functions such as financial formulas, that automat common tasks Automatic row and column computation of value range with AutoFill Turn your worksheet into professionally produced reports Powerful chart and graph that can analyze your numbers and turn them into simple trends
Example: - To organize and sort information, create complex table, chart, graphs etc. The User is getting ready to enter invoice information for a sale. Highlights: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
What are worksheets and workbook? How to enter various kinds of Excel data? How to navigate in an Excel worksheet? How to insert and delete rows and columns? How to work with ranges of cells? When range names are important? How to write formulas so that they compute in the order you want them to? How to format cells to add eye-catching appeal to your worksheet? Why the spelling checker and AutoCorrect are important to numeral-based worksheets? How Excel fills series in for you? How to find and replace worksheet data? How to print worksheets more effectively? How to use comments to describe a cell? What AutoFormat can do with your worksheet? How to apply custom formats to select cells? How special orientation and wrapped text can improve your worksheet’s appearance? How to use chat wizard to produce graphs that show data trends and comparisons? When to choose one chart type over another? How to modify your charts so that they look the way you want them to? How to add graphics to your chart’s background area to improve the chart’s presentation?
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MS PowerPoint: PowerPoint is a tool to make presentation using colours, graphics, drawing, animation, audio, video etc. With PowerPoint, you can create colorful & animated slides, speaker notes and handouts. It is a powerful tool which supports following features: 1. The capability to turn word document outline into presentation notes 2. Using the AutoContent wizard to generate presentations automatically 3. Sample design templates that provide you with a fill-in-the-blank presentation 4. Power point display your presentation on your screen just as a slide projector displays slides 5. Power point set the time to control the contents as well as slides of your presentation 6. A collection of clip art files, icons, sounds and animations that you can embed to make presentation come alive 7. Numerous transitions and fades between presentation slides to keep your audience attention 8. The capability to save presentations as web pages that you can then present on the internet Example: - You can create colorful & animated slides, speaker notes and handouts. The user is getting ready for a presentation and has only a few minutes to prepare seven color slides for the meeting. Highlights: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
What is a presentation? How PowerPoint creates new presentations for you? What kind of data you can display in a presentation? When to use the AutoContent Wizard? When to use the various views that helps streamline your PowerPoint work? Why you work most often using the normal view? What editing tools PowerPoint supplies? How you can use the Slide Sorter view to arrange your slide show? How to select the presentation printing option you need? How to modify your entire presentation’s design template? Why you some time need to make minor edits to individual slides? How to insert art and text from other program into a slide? How to enter art and other clip files from the media gallery? What PowerPoint tools you can use to work with text objects? How to slide show automates your presentation? How to set up a time slide show? How to add voice narration to your slide show? How to add animation effects to your slides? How to create custom animation effects to your design?
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A sneak preview on MS Office 2007 It is interesting o note that MS Office 2007 was codified as Office ‘12’ in the initial stage of its development and testing. It was presumed as twelve packages of different editions for different purposes. But these have been released in a combination of eight packages according to the needs of precisely targeted users. These editions are distributed as: 1. Microsoft Office Ultimate 2007 2. Microsoft Office Enterprise 2007 3. Microsoft Office Professional Plus 2007 4. Microsoft Office Professional 2007 5. Microsoft Office Small Business 2007 6. Microsoft Office Standard 2007 7. Microsoft Office Home and Student 2007 8. Microsoft Office Basic 2007 The twelve offerings have been collected into these eight well thought of packs keeping in mind the budget and requirement of the user.
New Features in MS Office 2007: 1.
User Interface: - The new result oriented User Interface (UI), officially known as MS Office Fluent, is featured in the core applications of MS Office: Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Access and Outlook. According to the Microsoft, the new UI centers on the principle of helping people focus on that they want to do, rather than the details of how to do it. You can check the preview effect of the command after moving on the required icon.
2.
The Office Button: - The Office 2007 Button, located on the topleft of the window, replaces the file menu and provides access to functionality common across all Office applications, including but not limited to opening, saving, printing and sharing a file. User can also choose color schemes for the interface.
3.
Ribbon: - the Ribbon, a panel that groups the command buttons and icons, organizes commands as a set of tabs, each grouping relevant commands. Each application has a different set of tabs which expose the functionality that application offers. For example, Excel has a tab for graphing capabilities but Word dose not feature the same. The Ribbon is designed to make the features of the application more accessible with fewer mouse clicks as compared to the menu based UI in earlier versions of Office. This Ribbon interface is also named Microsoft Office Fluent by Microsoft.
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Contextual Tabs: -Some tabs appear only when certain objects are selected, called Contextual Tabs. Contextual tabs expose functionality specific only to the object with focus. For example: Selecting a picture opens the Pictures tab, which presents options for dealing with the picture.
Similarly, focusing on a table exposes table related options in a specific tab. These tabs remain hidden when the object is not selected.
5.
Mini Toolbar: - Mini Toolbar, which pops up near the selected text, provides easy access to frequent used formatting commands. When the mouse pointer is away from it, the toolbar become semi transparent. But when the mouse pointer moves over it, it become ready to use. It also appears above the right-click menu when a user right-clicks on selected text.
6.
Super Tooltip: -It can house formatted text as well as images, and is used to provide detailed description of what most buttons/icons do. For example: move your cursor on any icon or button the help tip of the same will appear bellow.
7.
Quick Access Toolbar: - The Quick Access Toolbar, place in the title bar, servers as a repository of most used functions, regardless of which application is being used, such as save, undo/redo, spelling & grammar and print.
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Zoom Slider: - The Zoom Slider, placed in the bottom-right corner, allow for dynamic and rapid magnification of a document.
9.
SmartArt: - SmartArt found under the insert tab in the Ribbon in PowerPoint, Word, Access and Outlook, is a new group of easily editable and formatted diagrams. There are 115 preset SmartArt graphics layout templates in category such as list, process, cycle and hierarchy. When any item of a SmartArt is inserted, a text Pane appears next to it to guide the user through entering the text in the hierarchical levels. In addition, SmartArt graphics change their colours, fonts and effects to match the document’s theme
10. File Formats: - Microsoft Office 2007 uses a new file format, called Office OpenXML, as the default file format. It is based on XML (Extensible Markup Language) and uses the ZIP (compressed) file container. According to Microsoft, documents created in this format are up to 75% smaller that the same documents saved with the previous version of MS Office. Word documents without macro extensions are now saved using a .docx extension rather that the traditional .doc extension. Files containing macros are saved with the extension .docm. You can also save your MS Office 2007 documents in the old format so that they will still be usable in previous version of MS Office. 11. User Assistance System: - In MS Office 2007, the Office Assistants have been completely replaced with the much improved help system. One feature of the new help system is Super Tooltips which explain detailed description of what most buttons/icons do. 12. MS Office Groove 2007: - MS Office 2007 also includes Groove, which can also be used in managing workspace session, including access control of the workspace. To collaborate on one or more documents, a workspace has to be created and those who are to work on it have to be invited. Any file shared on the workspace is automatically shared among all the participants. The application also provide real-time messaging, including one-to-one as well a grouping messaging. 13. Themes and Quick Styles: - Microsoft Office 2007 places different document themes and quick styles. The document Theme defines the colours, fonts and graphic effects for a document. The new office theme file format (.thmx) is shared between Word, Excel, PowerPoint and Outlook email messages. Quick Styles are galleries with a range of styles based on the current theme. There are quick style galleries for text, tables, charts, SmartArt, WordArt and more. The style range goes from simple/light to more graphical/darker.
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What’s new in MS Word 2007: MS Word 2007 is a powerful program that provides the ability to create and share professional documents by combining a complete set of writing tools with an easy-to-use interface. It also presents new tools to compose and publish blogs directly from Word. Blog Entries- These can be authored in Word itself and uploaded directly to a blog. This gives the freedom to a user to enjoy blogging and cut away mundane tasks of logging in to a new service, copying and uploading a blog. Supported blogging sites include Windows Live Spaces, Wordpress, SharePoint, Blogger, Community Server etc. Quick Styles- Word presents an array of all new professional stylesheets (and ability to switch easily among them). This enhances user satisfaction and increase the level of changes available to each one of them. Word Count- This is listed by default in the status bar. This word count dynamically update as you type. Contextual Spell-checker- This will also catch incorrect usage of correctly spelled words. Translation Tool Tip Option- It is available for English (U. S.), French (France) and Spanish (International sort) languages. When selected, placing the mouse cursor over a word will display its translation in the particular language. Non-English versions have different sets of languages can be added by using a separate multilingual pack. Automated generation This can be done for citations and bibliographies according to defined style rules, including APA, Chicago, and MLA. Changing style updates all references automatically. Connect to web services to access online reference databases. Mathematical Equation This has been revamped completely and reengineered to look like the original text with linear input/edit language or GUI interface. It also supports the Unicode Plain Text Encoding of Mathematics. Page Layout A preset gallery of cover pages with fields for Author, Title, Date, Abstract etc. is available in the page layout tab of the Word Ribbon. These follow the theme of the document intuitively. Document comparison engine This has been updated to support moves, differences in tables, and also for easy-to-follow tri-pane view of the original document, new document, and differences. Full screen reading layout This shows two pages at a time with maximal screen usage, plus a few critical tools for reviewing. This functionality is very helpful in reviewing a document. Document Inspector This is a new addition in the Word scenario. It collates and strips Word documents of information such as author name and comments and other 'metadata'. Building Blocks This lets you save frequently used content, so that they are easily accessible for further use. Building blocks can have data mapped controls in them to allow for form building or structured document authoring.
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What’s new in MS Excel 2007: Excel 2007 is a powerful program to create and format spreadsheets, and also to share information. With the MS Office Fluent interface, it is easier to create and use rich data visualization and professional-looking charts than its previous version. Office XML format allows to reduce file size, improve data recovery and increase the interoperability of their spreadsheet with other data sources Extended Support Up to 1,048,576 rows and 16,384 columns in a single worksheet, with 32,767 characters in a single cell (17,179,869,184 cells in a worksheet, 562,932,773,552,128 characters in a worksheet). Conditional Formatting This introduces support for three new features - Color Scales, Icon Sets and Data Bars. o
Color Scales automatically add colour to the background of a group of cells with different colours according to the values.
o
Icon Sets These precede the text in a cell with an icon that represents some aspect of the value of the cell with respect to other values in a group of cells. Icons can be conditionally applied to show up only when certain criteria is met, such as a cross showing up on an invalid value, where the condition for invalidity can be specified by the user.
o
Data Bars These show as a gradient bar in the background of a cell the contribution of the cell value in the group.
Column Titles These can optionally show options to control the layout of the column. Multithreaded Calculation Formulae calculation can be carried out to speed up large calculations, especially on multi-core/multi-processor systems. User Defined Functions (UDF) these are custom functions written to supplement Excel's set of builtin functions. They support the increased number of cells and columns. UDFs now can also be multithreaded. Server side UDFs are based on the .NET managed code. Data Import Importing Data from external sources, such as a database, has been upgraded. Data can also be imported from formatted tables and reports, which do not have a regular grid structure. Formula AutoComplete This automatically suggests function names, arguments and named ranges, and automatically completes them if desired, based on the characters entered. Formulae can refer to a table as well. CUBE Functions They allow importing of data, including set aggregated data, from data analysis services, such as SQL Server Analysis Services. Page Layout View This is to author spreadsheets in a way that mirrors the formatting that will be applied when printed. PivotTables They are used to create analysis reports out of sets of data. They can support hierarchical data by displaying a row in the table with a '+' icon, which, when clicked, shows more rows regarding it, which can also be hierarchical. PivotTables can also be sorted and filtered independently, and conditional formatting used to highlight trends in the data. Filters A Quick filter option now allows the selection of multiple items from a drop- down list of items in the column. The option to filter based on colour has been added to the choices available. New Charting Engine Excel features a new charting engine, which supports advanced formatting, including 3D rendering, transparencies and shadows. Chart layouts can also be customized to highlight various trends in the data.
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What’s new in MS PowerPoint 2007: PowerPoint 2007 makes it easier than ever to create dynamic and professional- looking presentations. Its all-new user interface makes tasks and options easily accessible to the user. In addition, new features like hierarchy graphics, PowerPoint themes, custom layout support, improved text effects and shape manipulation help one to create impressive and effective presentations. Improvements to Text Rendering- To support text based graphics. Rendering of 3D GraphicsSupport for Tables pasting from Excel Slide Library-This lets you reuse any slide and presentation as a template. Any presentation and slide can be published to the Slide Library Open Save Options- Any custom-designed slide library can be saved A presentation can be digitally signed Improved Presenter View Added Support for widescreen slides Allow Addition of Custom Placeholders
Unit 4-Internet and Its Uses Q1. Q2. Q3. Q4. Q5. Q6.
Q7. Q8. Q9.
Q10. Q11. Q12. Q13. Q14. Q15. Q16. Q17. Q18. Q19. Q20.
What do you mean by Internet? Why it works so well? What do you mean by Internet and Internet Address? How many types of Internet connections are available? Describe. Write down the main applications of internet. What is ISP? List the some basic features of ISP. Define the term E-mail with merits and demerits. Where the incoming mails stored? Which Protocol is responsible to handle the incoming mails? What are the different e-mail Protocols? Describe any four. a) SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) b) POP3 (Post Office Protocol) c) IMAP (Interactive Mail Access Protocol) How can one send the same message to multiple recipients? What is FTP? Write the FTP address format. Write short note on:a) Evaluation of WWW b) Web Browser c) Browser Home/Start Page d) Web Page Write short notes on URLs. Explain all the three types of URLs. Which browser was the first graphical web browser in the market? Which is currently most popular? Describe all the elements of a web page and its limitations. What are the different tools required to develop a web site? How will you publish a web site? What are the minimum requirements to do so? What is a web site? Write down the steps to create and maintain a web site. What are the main criterions for searching from search engines? Write some definitions of E-Commerce OR Write short notes on E-Commerce. Write the elements and Models of E-Commerce. What do you mean by e-commerce? Describe in detail the life cycle of ecommerce. Also write the advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce. Write some examples of e-commerce Write the short notes on the technology of e-commerce (EDI, EFT, Debit Card and Smart Card)
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Internet Basics INTRODUCTION Internet is a 'network of networks' that links computers around the world. It allows communication across networks, i.e., one can communicate between one or more networks. This allows people to have access to information from different websites, locations or machines. It literally puts a world of information and a potential worldwide audience at your fingertips. An internet consists of a set of connected networks that acts as an integrated whole. 1. It is a set of computers talking over fiber optics, phone lines, satellite links and other media. 2. It is a place where you can talk to your friends & family around the world. 3. It is a place to get cool game demos. 4. It is a place to do research for your thesis or a business presentation. 5. It is unlimited commercial opportunity. 6. It is a world-wide support group for any problem or need. FEATURES Some of the facilities available on the Internet are: World Wide Web: - The Internet application that is currently drawing maximum attention is the World Wide Web. It has dramatically influenced the online world and continues to grow in popularity. Direct Communication: - Through email (electronic mail), messages can be sent to or received from any part of the world within a few minutes. Round-the-Clock Availability: - Information on the Internet is available to the users 24x7. Central Repository of Data: - The Internet is like a huge central warehouse of data that can be accessed by people from all over the world. Search Engines: - They are like directories which help you get any information from the world over within a few seconds. Advertisement: - A company can advertise its products / services through the Internet. E-Commerce: - The Internet is increasingly being used for carrying out money transactions. Through the Internet you can shop and pay through your credit card or ask your bank to transfer your money to a different account, without even leaving your desk. Distance Learning: - Several online distance learning courses are 'offered by Indian and foreign universities on the Internet. BBS and New Services: - The Internet is perhaps the cheapest medium for online help. BBS services are available on the Net through which you can ask questions and get immediate troubleshooting assistance. Wide Area Networks: - Using the Internet, organizations can collect and compile information from offices spread over a large geographical area. Shareware Software: - Internet is also a great medium for downloading free software. You can get a truckload of free games, utilities and trial versions of software through the Net.
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INTERNET PROTOCOLS (IP) People very often forget the basic protocols of a network. Before we understand the Internet protocols, let us first discuss 'addresses'. The Internet has a large number of computers connected to it, from which arises the need for a proper addressing system. Each computer on the network is called a host, and has a name and a number that identifies it. Internet Protocol Address (IP Address) IP address is the numeric location of your computer so that it is an identifiable machine to all the other computers connected to the Internet. The IP address is a 32-bit number divided into four octets (4x8 bit = 32 bit), these octets are written in dotted-decimal format, like 11.245.196.212 Domain Naming System (DNS) Domain names provide a system an easy-to-remember Internet address, which can be translated by the Domain Name System (DNS) into the Numeric Address (Internet Protocol number). Examples of domain names include microsoft.com, pepsi.com, etc. The last three letters of the address are important as they provide information about the kind of organization to which the address belongs. Abbreviations commonly used with domain names. Abbreviation
Represents
.com Commercial Organisations .org Non-profit Groups .net Networking Organisations .gov Government Agencies .mil Military .edu Educational Institutions .ac Academic Organisation .in Indian Organisation .ac.in Indian Academic Organisation Communication Protocols (rules and conventions)
etc.
In the context of data networking, a protocol is a formal set of rules and conventions that govern how computers exchange information over a network medium. The Internet uses a set of communication protocols called TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). These protocols enable information to be transferred between dissimilar computers, such as a PC and a Macintosh. Thus, TCP/IP binds the Internet and is made up of two components – TCP and IP. TCP - Transmission Control Protocol: When two computers seek a reliable communication between each other, they establish a connection. This is analogous making a telephone call. If you want to speak to your uncle in UK, a connection is established when you dial his phone number and he answers. The TCP guarantees that of data sent from one end of the connection actually reaches the other end in the same order it was sent. Otherwise, an error is reported. IP -Internet Protocol is the basic protocol of the Internet. The task of the IP is to send a packet (in a network, information is transmitted in the form of 'packets') from Computer A to Computer B. The IP does not verify that the packet really reaches its destination, nor is it the task of the IP to make sure it reached error-free, and in the correct order.
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CONNECTING TO THE INTERNET There are various ways to connect to the Internet. Some of the common options are described here: Dial-Up Connections Telephone lines were designed to transmit human voice, and not electronic data from computers. Modems were therefore invented to convert digital computer signals into a form that allowed them to travel over phone lines-by converting Digital to analog signals (Modulation) on sending end and convert them back to digital signals (Demodulation) on the receiving end. The word modem stands for MOdulator/DEModulator. If your computer does not have an internal modem, you can consider buying an external one, as it is much easier to install and operate. Until the end of 1995, the conventional wisdom was that 28.8 kbps was about the fastest speed you could squeeze out of a regular copper telephone line. Today, data transmission for a dial-up connection is typically 2 mbps or more. The key information here is to know what speed modems your Internet Service Provider (ISP) supports. If your ISP has only 512 kbps modem on its end of the line, you could have the fastest modem in the world, but only be able to connect at 512 kbps or lesser. Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) DSL, a high-speed technology, is becoming increasingly popular. It carries both voice and data over the telephone line. A DSL line can remain connected to the Internet, so you need not dial up when you want to go online. Typically with DSL, data is downloaded to your computer at rates up to 8 Mbps and you can send data upto 1 mbps. Since a DSL line carries both voice and data, you do not have to install another phone line. DSL service requires a special modem and network card on your computer. Prices for equipment, DSL installation and monthly service vary considerably, so you will need to check with your local phone company and the Internet Service Provider. Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) ISDN service is an older technology offered by telephone companies. An ISDN line has a data transfer rate of between 128 kbps and 4 -8 mbps. These leased lines come in two configurations: T1 and T3. A T1 (the commonly used connection option) is a dedicated connection offering data transfer speed upto 2 mbps. This is useful for web servers or other computers that need to be connected to the Internet all the time. Leased lines are expensive and are generally used only by companies whose business is built around the Internet or need to transfer large amounts of data.
Internet Data Card All the telephone and mobile network companies providing internet via Internet Data Card or Mobile Internet Card upto the transfer speed of 4 mbps. These cards are important for those users who work over internet at different locations or use internet on their laptops during business meetings, conferences, presentations, lectures etc. This device is look like USB flash memory (Pen Drive) with a SIM Card for subscription. Like mobile subscription this is also available in prepaid and postpaid form according to the usability.
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PREREQUISITES FOR INTERNET Hardware The hardware requirement varies from case to case like1. In case of a dial-up connection, we need a computer with a serial port for connecting an external modem or a spare expansion slot for connecting an internal modem card. In the case of Broadband or DSL connection, we need a spare USB port and a LAN card. 2. A modem (internal or external), ideally a faster one (with a speed of 128 kbps or more), is required. A modem converts electronic signals from your computer into analog signals (sound), which can then be sent over the telephone lines and vice versa. 3. Cables are required with jacks and sockets (RJ-11 and RJ-45 connectors) to connect your modem with the computer and telephone. Software 1. Windows - although you can use earlier versions, Windows 98 or higher version is preferable because it has inbuilt components to support Internet connectivity. 2. A web browser, which is a client software program that allows the user to navigate the web such as Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator. Others 1. A telephone connection in case of a dial-up modem. 2. An Internet account. If you want to have Internet access at your home, you will need to sign up with an Internet Service Provider (ISP) and have an Internet account. Some common ISPs are MTNL and VSNL, TATA, Airtel, Sify etc.
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E-MAIL Electronic mail was originally designed to allow a pair of individuals to communicate via computer. Electronic mail (abbreviated "e-mail") is the service most people use first in networking, whether they are on a LOCAL LAN or connected to the global Internet. It is the most commonly used service on the Internet because easy and convenient to use. It is easier to send/receive e-mail than paper mail. E-mail allows us to send a message to another computer without knowing that the receiving person is available at the destination system or not. Because this service provide a unique global address called e-mail id to all of its users.
Some popular free e-mail websites www.gmail.com www.rediffmail.com www.mail.yahoo.com www.hotmail.com www.indiatimes.com
Creating an E-Mail Account Open the web browser and type in the name of the e-mail site on which you would like to create an account. For example: gmail.com. Type in the following URL: http://mail.google.com/mail/signup in the address bar.
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Follow the steps mentioned in the webpage in order to successfully create your e-mail account.
Sending and Receiving E-mails 1. 2.
Click on compose/create/write mail to create a new mail You can select address from your Contacts list to type the address in the To:, Cc:, Bcc: fields, When you begin to type an address in these fields, a complete address will be suggested from your Contacts list 3. Select the Attach a file link in order to attach any file with the e-mail message. (Figure should show attach a file. Attach another file is displayed only after the first file has been attached) 4. Select the file want to attach. Then click on Open. 5. Your file will now be attached to your e-mail message. 6. Now click on the Send button in order to send the e-mail 7. You can see that the message has been sent. You can check the received mails by clicking on the Inbox option Merits of e-mail: Send a single message to many recipients. Send a message that includes text, voice, video or graphics. Send a message to a user on a network outside the Internet. Send a message to which a computer program responds. E-mail provides high speed transfer rate of information. A group of people can share a common interest to participate in a discussion. A computer program can answer email and send a reply automatically Demerits of e-mail: An e-mail message can be more easily misunderstood than verbal communication because email lacks the nuances of face- to-face or phone conversion. All incoming e-mail messages are stored in the INBOX folder. These messages remain there until you move them to other folders or delete them.
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SEARCH ENGINE Internet search engines (e.g., Google, AltaVista) help users find web pages on a given subject. Search engines maintain databases of websites and use programs to collect information, which is then indexed by the search engine. It is a program which acts as a card catalogue for the Internet. Search engines attempt to index and locate desired information by searching for keywords which a user specifies. The method for finding this information is usually done by maintaining indices of web resources that can be queried for the keywords entered by the user. Without search engines, it would be virtually impossible to locate anything on the web without knowing a specific URL.
Popular Search Engines: www.google.com www.yahoosearch.com www.altaviata.com www.hotbot.com www.savvysearch.com www.webcrawler.com www.metacrawler.com www.inforseek.com
Popular Job Sites:
Popular Auction Sites:
www.naukri.com www.timesjob.com www.shine.com www.monster.com
www.ebay.com www.rediffshopping.com www.amazon.com
Popular Travel Sites:
Popular Social Networking Sites
www.makemytrip.com www.travelguru.com www.cleartrip.com
www.orkut.com www.facebook.com
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E-COMMERCE Commerce: - The exchange or buying and selling of commodities is called commerce; exp- the exchange of merchandise or communities. Exp- Sale/purchase of impulse items for immediate use, fashion jewelry and antiques (personal inspection required; prefer to touch, smell or examine closely) Electronic Commerce (e-commerce): - Electronic commerce (e-commerce) is a general term for any type of business, or commercial transaction that involves the transfer of information across the Internet. This covers different types of businesses from consumer-based retail sites, like www.amazon.com through auction and music sites like www.ebay.com or www.mp3.com to business exchanges trading goods or services between corporations. Definition 1: (Caderet, 1994): "Application of advanced Information Technology to increase the effectiveness of commercial practices between trading partners". Definition 2: (European Commission, 1997): E-Commerce is about doing business electronically. It is based on the electronic processing and transmission of the data, including text, sound, and video. It encompasses many activities including electronic trading of goods and services, online delivery of digital content, electronic fund transfers, electronic share trading, electronic bills payment, commercial auctions, direct consumer marketing, and after sales service. It involves both products (e.g. consumer goods. specialized medical equipment) and services (e.g. information services, financial and legal services, health care, education) Definition 3: (Garter Group): E-Commerce is an electronic communication among enterprises including customers, suppliers, business partners, government organizations, and financial institutions. Thus, E-commerce refers to the paperless exchange of business information using Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), Electronic Mail, Electronic Bulletin Board, Electronic Funds Transfers (EFT) and other networked based technologies. It is not only automates manual process and paper transaction but also help organizations move to a fully electronic environment and change the way they operate. Some people use the term e-business to refer to all the categories of e-commerce. In a holistic sense e- commerce can be summarized as: - It is a business strategy. - It uses technology to achieve business goals. - It improves external business relationships. - It provides information to facilitate delivery of goods and services. . Examples of e-commerce activities: Sale/ purchase of books & CDs, travel services, investments and insurance services Online delivery of software Online shipment tracking Online banking
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E-Commerce ProcessE-commerce process involves via three logical entities – 1. The Storefront: - The storefront is nothing but a series of HTML web pages that display the products. The development of the same is quite simple and easy, with thousands of software available in the market. 2. The Payment Mechanism: - the payment mechanism is very crucial, and the entire ecommerce depends on this. 3. The Supply: - A physical world operation which we're all familiar with - like supply chain, logistics etc E-payments are central to the whole e-business cycle, as they would allow the companies to service customers faster, innovative and at lower costs. This is also the crucial part; because if the claims and debits of the various participating companies - customer, servicing company, and the bank - are not balanced, because of payment delays, or even worse payment defaults - then the whole process is disrupted. Hence, the central to the problem is prompt and secure payment, clearing and settlement of credit and debit claims. The elements that go into the payment mechanism are: Card Holder - The individual who is making the purchase (either goods or services) using the credit card. Merchants - the Company that is selling goods and services to cardholders. Issuing Bank - The bank that has issued the credit card to the cardholder. The issuing bank provides the monthly billing statements to the cardholder. Acquiring Bank - The bank that enables the merchants to accept the credit card payments. After getting the amount from the issuing bank, the acquiring bank deposits it into the merchant account. Payment Application - An Application used by the merchants to request credit card authorization and settlement of funds between the merchant and the acquiring bank. Card Association/Issuer - An association such as VISA International and MasterCard, which issues credit card through its members (the issuing banks to the cardholder). American Express and Discover are card issuers E-commerce Payment Mechanism: - There are two types of processes that are utilized by the payment mechanism: Authorization Process- The credit card details as entered by the cardholder are verified and confirmed with the issuing banks. When making purchases over the web the cardholder uses a web browser to procure product information from the merchant. The merchant captures the product information as well as credit card information and then communicates the credit card information to the acquiring bank through the payment application. The payment application encrypts and transmits the credit card information to the acquiring bank through secure communications with Secured Sockets Layer (SSL). The acquiring bank works with the appropriate card association (or card issuer) to execute the transaction. The system in the acquiring bank received the information and forwards this information to the card associations for verification as well as authorization. The card association or issuer verifiers the card information and determines whether the card holder has sufficient credit limit available to pay for the purchases (the purchase amount is also transmitted).
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The fig. shows the authorization process cycle. Note that there are two cycles - Authorization (credit card) and settlement (payments to the merchant). Using a web browser, the cardholder visits the merchant’s website, where goods or services are displayed. Card Holder clicks on “PURCHASE” Button
Merchant captures the information of Product and Card Holder
Payment Application encrypts the information and forwards to the Acquiring Bank
Acquiring Bank forwards the information to the Card Association or Issuing Bank
Card Holder notified with confirmation number
Merchant receives confirmation message
Payment Application encrypts the information and forwards to the Merchant
Settlement Process: - The figure indicates the settlement process of the orders fulfilled by the merchant. The merchant's payment application encrypts the purchase information and transmits the Encrypted information to the acquiring bank. The acquiring bank sends settlement instructions to the appropriate card association for verification. The credit amounts from the issuing bank and makes the deposit to the merchant account. The merchant receives a notification with the fund transfer. Advantages\Benefits of E-commerce: - Lower transactions costs (both order taking cost and after sale service costs) - Larger Purchases per transaction - People can shop in different way. - Improved Customer Interactions - Low Procurement processing cost (Just in time) - Increases sales, decreases cost - Allows small businesses to have global customer base - Provides purchasing opportunities for buyers - Businesses can identify new suppliers and partners - Business can be transacted 24x7 - The level of purchase information is selected by user - Digital products like software etc can be delivered instantly - Allows products and services to be available in remote areas, e.g. remote learning - Increased choice of vendors and products. - Convenience from shopping at home or office. - More competitive and increased price comparison capabilities. - Greater Customization in the delivery of services.
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Disadvantages of E-Commerce: Inability to sell some products (e.g. high cost jewelry and fresh foods) although supermarkets like www.tesco.com delivers to your home) Integrating current databases and transaction processing systems into e-commerce is difficult. Transmission of credit card details Some merchants oppose to change the product No proper laws for e-commerce (e-shopping or e-business) Products with a low value-to-weight ratio that can’t be efficiently packed and shipped
Elements of e-commerce In case of an E-commerce, all the above listed elements are available but they are having slight variation in the real life situation. However, all these elements are required to conduct e-commerce activity. A product or a Service: In case of E-Commerce, it is virtual product shown on a web site. One can demonstrate multimedia presentation of the product and all its features on the web page itself, which may not be possible in case of physical product of commerce activity. A place to sell the product: In the e-commerce case, a website displays the products in all ways and act as a place for E-Commerce. A way to get customers to visit your website: In case of E-Commerce search engines and linkages with other web sites play an important role in helping the customers to reach web sites of the e-organizations. A way to accept orders: The orders are accepted on the web site itself. On the web pages of the E-commerce companies shopping carts are being provided. One can click on the icon and fill-in the shopping card to order items to be purchased' and it is a b the E-commerce company as order from the customer. A way to accept money: In case of traditional commerce, buyers and sellers are in direct contact with each other. The payments in e-commerce are made using electronic Fund Transfer in various form using credit cards, smart cards, e-cheques, etc. The information of payment is routed through Value Added Networks and Payment Gateway Systems, etc. A fulfillment facility to ship product to customers: The shipment of the product to the customer is made through third party. The most of the E- commerce companies are having their chain of suppliers in various localities and items are shipped through these suppliers to the customers. A way to handle warranty claims: Sometimes if the product breaks in the way or some other problems crop up with the product. In such situation, warranty claims are to be honored as in the case of commerce. A way to accept returns: As is the case of commerce, in case of E- commerce all the trading companies have the system of accepting the returns if the goods and services are not to the satisfaction of the customer or not up to the standards/ specifications mentioned in the product catalogs or brochures hosted on the web pages. A way to provide customer service: The main tools of the customer service are E-mails, online forms, on-line knowledge bases and frequently asked questions.
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Technologies of E-commerce (1) Electronic Data Interchange: EDI is the preparation or processing of data, communication, and business transactions electronically in a predefined format, using computers and telecommunication links. Mostly large corporations and their suppliers working together using this technology over a private network called a Value Added Network (VAN). These VAN offer reliability and security over the internet that is difficult so far. An EDI service provider maintains a VAN with mailboxes for each business partner. The provider stores then forwards EDI messages between partners. Each participating company has to run EDI translation software on its computers to convert EDI data in to formats used by the Company's data bases. (2) Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT): It involves the electronic transmission of financing transactions (debit and credit) between banks, banks and companies, banks and consumers, or companies and consumers. EFT adds another dimension to EDI allowing for direct deposit of payments without cheque writing, receiving, processing or cancelling. Examples Banking and financial payments Large-scale or wholesale payments (e.g., Bank-to-Bank Transfer). Small-scale or retail payments (e.g. ATM, Credit Cards, VISA, Master Card) Home Banking (e.g. Bill Payment) Online electronic commerce payments Smart cards or debit cards (e.g. Mondex Electronic Currency Card) Encrypted credit cards (e.g., SSL encryption) (3) Debit cards: With a magnetic strip and an embossed identification number, debit card are used by consumers to obtain money from Automatic Teller Machines, to pay for goods or services on a retail locations, to-access Home Banking or Bill Payment services. The major point is that debit card provides no limit of credit; purchases are directly debited to a customer’s bank account. Thus debit cards are a substitute for cash or a personal cheque. (4) Smart Cards: The smart card (also called a memory card) is a portable data-storage chip that provides user a new password each time they log in a system. It differs from the prepaid telephone card, or debits card. It is very popular in Europe, because it contains microprocessors and memory chips that provide intelligence and the ability to store a significant amount of information for identity and security. Smart Cards are designed to replace traditional magnetic strip credit or bank cards introduced at the end of 1960’s. "Representatives of the financial services, telecommunications, entertainment, publishing, software, computer and health care industries are joining with government agencies to create a multi-industry effort to accelerate the use of smart card technologies". E-Commerce Categories Example You are a computer manufacturing company who performs the following activities on the Internet: Sells computers to individuals (B2C-Business to Customer) Purchases computer peripherals from a supplier (B2B -Business to Business) Hires staff, manage customer accounts, advertise, etc. (Business processes or e-procurement) Sells computers to the Government to be used in schools (B2G -Business to Government) On www.ebay.com individuals buy and sell any item (C2C -Customer to Customer )
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Hyper Text Markup Language Short for Hyper Text Markup Language, the authoring language used to create documents on the World Wide Web. HTML defines the structure and layout of a Web document by using a variety of tags and attributes. The correct structure for an HTML document starts with (enter here what document is about or Heading of the page) and ends with . All the information you'd like to include in your Web page fits in between the and tags. There are hundreds of other tags used to format and layout the information in a Web page. Tags are also used to specify hypertext links. These allow Web developers to direct users to other Web pages with only a click of the mouse on either an image or word(s). For a more complete list of tags, check out some of the URLs below. Tags... n) A command inserted in a document that specifies how the document, or a portion of the document, should be formatted. Tags are used by all format specifications that store documents as text files including HTML. (v) To mark a section of a document with a formatting command. Anchor
HREF: URL you are linking to TARGET = "_blank" | "_parent" | "_self" which window the document should go in
Bold
BGCOLOR: background color of the page BACKGROUND: background picture for the page TEXT: color of the text on the page
Line Break Definition Description
MS OFFICE (MS Word, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint) MS Office helps you work more efficiently and effectively. Office offers integrated software tools that are powerful, yet easy to learn and use. Large and small offices can use Office –based applications for many of their day-to-day computer needs, families and home based businesses can also needs simple and analysis tools for their computers One of the most helpful features of Office is its capability to adjust different tools according to the users requirement, for examples, Word dose not display all menu commands in a particular Menu, it display the commands used most often by the user. So we can say that Office is fully integrated.
Office Assistant When you start any Office program, one of the first features you will notice is the Office Assistant (named Clippit), an online cartoon character that hangs around as you work and help or offers a lot of advices. It can be customize in shape and size.
Why MS Office Ms Office is a package suite of MS Word (A Word Processor), MS Excel (A Spreadsheet), MS PowerPoint (A Graphic Presentation Program), MS Access (A Relational Database), MS Outlook, MS Publisher and MS FrontPage. Research showed that most of the work done by most of the people could be categorized into 4 (MS Word, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint, MS Access) -7 (MS Outlook, MS Publisher and MS FrontPage) major categories
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MS Word When you need to write any text based document like letters, memos, reports, newsletters, invoices, fax messages etc on a computer, you look on a Word Processor. The biggest advantage in case of a word processor is ‘electronic cut and paste’, which means that user can move the typed matter around and in other document. MS Word is a word processor that supports many features, including the following – 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Automatic corrections for common mistakes as you type using special auto–correcting tools Wizard and templates that create and format documents for you Advanced Page layout and formatting capabilities Numbering, bulleting and shading tools Multiple document views so that you can see a rough draft of your document for the look of a final printed page as you write 6. Integrated grammar, spelling, and hyphenation tools 7. Newsletter-style, multiple columns, header, footers and endnotes in your publications 8. Drawing, border and shading tools that enable you to emphasize headers, draw lines and shapes around your text, and work with imported art files 9. Web-page development for internet users so that they can turn their documents in to webpages 10. Tables can be added in between the text for showing data in tabular format.
Example: - To write letters, memos, newsletters, invoices, fax messages etc on a computer User is editing a business letter to send to a client. Highlights: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
Why Word is considered the most powerful word processor in the market? How to enter text and navigate through your document? How Word’s advanced AutoCorrect features help eliminate common editing tasks for you? Which character and paragraph formats Word support? Why you should not get too fancy with document formats? When different views are helpful? How to see a preview of your printed document? What are documents properties? Where to locate and change documents’ properties? How to use the spelling and grammar checker? Why you need to proof documents manually despite the proofing tools in Word? How to customize Word to behave the way you want? How to type special characters that don’t appear on your keyboard? How to insert the date, time and page numbers in your documents? When to add AutoText and AutoCorrect entries? How to prepare table in your documents? How to convert a single-column document into multiple columns? What are header, footer, endnotes and footnotes?
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MS Excel: If you wish to tabulate information, i.e. arrange data in the form of rows and columns and manipulate and analyze it, MS Excel can be used to organize and sort non-numeric information, create complex table, chart, graphs etc. The primary goal for Excel is to help you organize and manage numerical/financial information such as Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Forecast. MS Excel is an electronic worksheet program that supports many features including: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Automatic cell formatting Automatic worksheet computations that enable you to generate worksheet that automatically recalculate when you make a change to a portion of the worksheet Built in functions such as financial formulas, that automat common tasks Automatic row and column computation of value range with AutoFill Turn your worksheet into professionally produced reports Powerful chart and graph that can analyze your numbers and turn them into simple trends
Example: - To organize and sort information, create complex table, chart, graphs etc. The User is getting ready to enter invoice information for a sale. Highlights: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
What are worksheets and workbook? How to enter various kinds of Excel data? How to navigate in an Excel worksheet? How to insert and delete rows and columns? How to work with ranges of cells? When range names are important? How to write formulas so that they compute in the order you want them to? How to format cells to add eye-catching appeal to your worksheet? Why the spelling checker and AutoCorrect are important to numeral-based worksheets? How Excel fills series in for you? How to find and replace worksheet data? How to print worksheets more effectively? How to use comments to describe a cell? What AutoFormat can do with your worksheet? How to apply custom formats to select cells? How special orientation and wrapped text can improve your worksheet’s appearance? How to use chat wizard to produce graphs that show data trends and comparisons? When to choose one chart type over another? How to modify your charts so that they look the way you want them to? How to add graphics to your chart’s background area to improve the chart’s presentation?
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MS PowerPoint: PowerPoint is a tool to make presentation using colours, graphics, drawing, animation, audio, video etc. With PowerPoint, you can create colorful & animated slides, speaker notes and handouts. It is a powerful tool which supports following features: 1. The capability to turn word document outline into presentation notes 2. Using the AutoContent wizard to generate presentations automatically 3. Sample design templates that provide you with a fill-in-the-blank presentation 4. Power point display your presentation on your screen just as a slide projector displays slides 5. Power point set the time to control the contents as well as slides of your presentation 6. A collection of clip art files, icons, sounds and animations that you can embed to make presentation come alive 7. Numerous transitions and fades between presentation slides to keep your audience attention 8. The capability to save presentations as web pages that you can then present on the internet Example: - You can create colorful & animated slides, speaker notes and handouts. The user is getting ready for a presentation and has only a few minutes to prepare seven color slides for the meeting. Highlights: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
What is a presentation? How PowerPoint creates new presentations for you? What kind of data you can display in a presentation? When to use the AutoContent Wizard? When to use the various views that helps streamline your PowerPoint work? Why you work most often using the normal view? What editing tools PowerPoint supplies? How you can use the Slide Sorter view to arrange your slide show? How to select the presentation printing option you need? How to modify your entire presentation’s design template? Why you some time need to make minor edits to individual slides? How to insert art and text from other program into a slide? How to enter art and other clip files from the media gallery? What PowerPoint tools you can use to work with text objects? How to slide show automates your presentation? How to set up a time slide show? How to add voice narration to your slide show? How to add animation effects to your slides? How to create custom animation effects to your design?
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A sneak preview on MS Office 2007 It is interesting o note that MS Office 2007 was codified as Office ‘12’ in the initial stage of its development and testing. It was presumed as twelve packages of different editions for different purposes. But these have been released in a combination of eight packages according to the needs of precisely targeted users. These editions are distributed as: 1. Microsoft Office Ultimate 2007 2. Microsoft Office Enterprise 2007 3. Microsoft Office Professional Plus 2007 4. Microsoft Office Professional 2007 5. Microsoft Office Small Business 2007 6. Microsoft Office Standard 2007 7. Microsoft Office Home and Student 2007 8. Microsoft Office Basic 2007 The twelve offerings have been collected into these eight well thought of packs keeping in mind the budget and requirement of the user.
New Features in MS Office 2007: 1.
User Interface: - The new result oriented User Interface (UI), officially known as MS Office Fluent, is featured in the core applications of MS Office: Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Access and Outlook. According to the Microsoft, the new UI centers on the principle of helping people focus on that they want to do, rather than the details of how to do it. You can check the preview effect of the command after moving on the required icon.
2.
The Office Button: - The Office 2007 Button, located on the topleft of the window, replaces the file menu and provides access to functionality common across all Office applications, including but not limited to opening, saving, printing and sharing a file. User can also choose color schemes for the interface.
3.
Ribbon: - the Ribbon, a panel that groups the command buttons and icons, organizes commands as a set of tabs, each grouping relevant commands. Each application has a different set of tabs which expose the functionality that application offers. For example, Excel has a tab for graphing capabilities but Word dose not feature the same. The Ribbon is designed to make the features of the application more accessible with fewer mouse clicks as compared to the menu based UI in earlier versions of Office. This Ribbon interface is also named Microsoft Office Fluent by Microsoft.
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4.
Contextual Tabs: -Some tabs appear only when certain objects are selected, called Contextual Tabs. Contextual tabs expose functionality specific only to the object with focus. For example: Selecting a picture opens the Pictures tab, which presents options for dealing with the picture.
Similarly, focusing on a table exposes table related options in a specific tab. These tabs remain hidden when the object is not selected.
5.
Mini Toolbar: - Mini Toolbar, which pops up near the selected text, provides easy access to frequent used formatting commands. When the mouse pointer is away from it, the toolbar become semi transparent. But when the mouse pointer moves over it, it become ready to use. It also appears above the right-click menu when a user right-clicks on selected text.
6.
Super Tooltip: -It can house formatted text as well as images, and is used to provide detailed description of what most buttons/icons do. For example: move your cursor on any icon or button the help tip of the same will appear bellow.
7.
Quick Access Toolbar: - The Quick Access Toolbar, place in the title bar, servers as a repository of most used functions, regardless of which application is being used, such as save, undo/redo, spelling & grammar and print.
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8.
Zoom Slider: - The Zoom Slider, placed in the bottom-right corner, allow for dynamic and rapid magnification of a document.
9.
SmartArt: - SmartArt found under the insert tab in the Ribbon in PowerPoint, Word, Access and Outlook, is a new group of easily editable and formatted diagrams. There are 115 preset SmartArt graphics layout templates in category such as list, process, cycle and hierarchy. When any item of a SmartArt is inserted, a text Pane appears next to it to guide the user through entering the text in the hierarchical levels. In addition, SmartArt graphics change their colours, fonts and effects to match the document’s theme
10. File Formats: - Microsoft Office 2007 uses a new file format, called Office OpenXML, as the default file format. It is based on XML (Extensible Markup Language) and uses the ZIP (compressed) file container. According to Microsoft, documents created in this format are up to 75% smaller that the same documents saved with the previous version of MS Office. Word documents without macro extensions are now saved using a .docx extension rather that the traditional .doc extension. Files containing macros are saved with the extension .docm. You can also save your MS Office 2007 documents in the old format so that they will still be usable in previous version of MS Office. 11. User Assistance System: - In MS Office 2007, the Office Assistants have been completely replaced with the much improved help system. One feature of the new help system is Super Tooltips which explain detailed description of what most buttons/icons do. 12. MS Office Groove 2007: - MS Office 2007 also includes Groove, which can also be used in managing workspace session, including access control of the workspace. To collaborate on one or more documents, a workspace has to be created and those who are to work on it have to be invited. Any file shared on the workspace is automatically shared among all the participants. The application also provide real-time messaging, including one-to-one as well a grouping messaging. 13. Themes and Quick Styles: - Microsoft Office 2007 places different document themes and quick styles. The document Theme defines the colours, fonts and graphic effects for a document. The new office theme file format (.thmx) is shared between Word, Excel, PowerPoint and Outlook email messages. Quick Styles are galleries with a range of styles based on the current theme. There are quick style galleries for text, tables, charts, SmartArt, WordArt and more. The style range goes from simple/light to more graphical/darker.
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What’s new in MS Word 2007: MS Word 2007 is a powerful program that provides the ability to create and share professional documents by combining a complete set of writing tools with an easy-to-use interface. It also presents new tools to compose and publish blogs directly from Word. Blog Entries- These can be authored in Word itself and uploaded directly to a blog. This gives the freedom to a user to enjoy blogging and cut away mundane tasks of logging in to a new service, copying and uploading a blog. Supported blogging sites include Windows Live Spaces, Wordpress, SharePoint, Blogger, Community Server etc. Quick Styles- Word presents an array of all new professional stylesheets (and ability to switch easily among them). This enhances user satisfaction and increase the level of changes available to each one of them. Word Count- This is listed by default in the status bar. This word count dynamically update as you type. Contextual Spell-checker- This will also catch incorrect usage of correctly spelled words. Translation Tool Tip Option- It is available for English (U. S.), French (France) and Spanish (International sort) languages. When selected, placing the mouse cursor over a word will display its translation in the particular language. Non-English versions have different sets of languages can be added by using a separate multilingual pack. Automated generation This can be done for citations and bibliographies according to defined style rules, including APA, Chicago, and MLA. Changing style updates all references automatically. Connect to web services to access online reference databases. Mathematical Equation This has been revamped completely and reengineered to look like the original text with linear input/edit language or GUI interface. It also supports the Unicode Plain Text Encoding of Mathematics. Page Layout A preset gallery of cover pages with fields for Author, Title, Date, Abstract etc. is available in the page layout tab of the Word Ribbon. These follow the theme of the document intuitively. Document comparison engine This has been updated to support moves, differences in tables, and also for easy-to-follow tri-pane view of the original document, new document, and differences. Full screen reading layout This shows two pages at a time with maximal screen usage, plus a few critical tools for reviewing. This functionality is very helpful in reviewing a document. Document Inspector This is a new addition in the Word scenario. It collates and strips Word documents of information such as author name and comments and other 'metadata'. Building Blocks This lets you save frequently used content, so that they are easily accessible for further use. Building blocks can have data mapped controls in them to allow for form building or structured document authoring.
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What’s new in MS Excel 2007: Excel 2007 is a powerful program to create and format spreadsheets, and also to share information. With the MS Office Fluent interface, it is easier to create and use rich data visualization and professional-looking charts than its previous version. Office XML format allows to reduce file size, improve data recovery and increase the interoperability of their spreadsheet with other data sources Extended Support Up to 1,048,576 rows and 16,384 columns in a single worksheet, with 32,767 characters in a single cell (17,179,869,184 cells in a worksheet, 562,932,773,552,128 characters in a worksheet). Conditional Formatting This introduces support for three new features - Color Scales, Icon Sets and Data Bars. o
Color Scales automatically add colour to the background of a group of cells with different colours according to the values.
o
Icon Sets These precede the text in a cell with an icon that represents some aspect of the value of the cell with respect to other values in a group of cells. Icons can be conditionally applied to show up only when certain criteria is met, such as a cross showing up on an invalid value, where the condition for invalidity can be specified by the user.
o
Data Bars These show as a gradient bar in the background of a cell the contribution of the cell value in the group.
Column Titles These can optionally show options to control the layout of the column. Multithreaded Calculation Formulae calculation can be carried out to speed up large calculations, especially on multi-core/multi-processor systems. User Defined Functions (UDF) these are custom functions written to supplement Excel's set of builtin functions. They support the increased number of cells and columns. UDFs now can also be multithreaded. Server side UDFs are based on the .NET managed code. Data Import Importing Data from external sources, such as a database, has been upgraded. Data can also be imported from formatted tables and reports, which do not have a regular grid structure. Formula AutoComplete This automatically suggests function names, arguments and named ranges, and automatically completes them if desired, based on the characters entered. Formulae can refer to a table as well. CUBE Functions They allow importing of data, including set aggregated data, from data analysis services, such as SQL Server Analysis Services. Page Layout View This is to author spreadsheets in a way that mirrors the formatting that will be applied when printed. PivotTables They are used to create analysis reports out of sets of data. They can support hierarchical data by displaying a row in the table with a '+' icon, which, when clicked, shows more rows regarding it, which can also be hierarchical. PivotTables can also be sorted and filtered independently, and conditional formatting used to highlight trends in the data. Filters A Quick filter option now allows the selection of multiple items from a drop- down list of items in the column. The option to filter based on colour has been added to the choices available. New Charting Engine Excel features a new charting engine, which supports advanced formatting, including 3D rendering, transparencies and shadows. Chart layouts can also be customized to highlight various trends in the data.
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What’s new in MS PowerPoint 2007: PowerPoint 2007 makes it easier than ever to create dynamic and professional- looking presentations. Its all-new user interface makes tasks and options easily accessible to the user. In addition, new features like hierarchy graphics, PowerPoint themes, custom layout support, improved text effects and shape manipulation help one to create impressive and effective presentations. Improvements to Text Rendering- To support text based graphics. Rendering of 3D GraphicsSupport for Tables pasting from Excel Slide Library-This lets you reuse any slide and presentation as a template. Any presentation and slide can be published to the Slide Library Open Save Options- Any custom-designed slide library can be saved A presentation can be digitally signed Improved Presenter View Added Support for widescreen slides Allow Addition of Custom Placeholders
Unit 4-Internet and Its Uses Q1. Q2. Q3. Q4. Q5. Q6.
Q7. Q8. Q9.
Q10. Q11. Q12. Q13. Q14. Q15. Q16. Q17. Q18. Q19. Q20.
What do you mean by Internet? Why it works so well? What do you mean by Internet and Internet Address? How many types of Internet connections are available? Describe. Write down the main applications of internet. What is ISP? List the some basic features of ISP. Define the term E-mail with merits and demerits. Where the incoming mails stored? Which Protocol is responsible to handle the incoming mails? What are the different e-mail Protocols? Describe any four. a) SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) b) POP3 (Post Office Protocol) c) IMAP (Interactive Mail Access Protocol) How can one send the same message to multiple recipients? What is FTP? Write the FTP address format. Write short note on:a) Evaluation of WWW b) Web Browser c) Browser Home/Start Page d) Web Page Write short notes on URLs. Explain all the three types of URLs. Which browser was the first graphical web browser in the market? Which is currently most popular? Describe all the elements of a web page and its limitations. What are the different tools required to develop a web site? How will you publish a web site? What are the minimum requirements to do so? What is a web site? Write down the steps to create and maintain a web site. What are the main criterions for searching from search engines? Write some definitions of E-Commerce OR Write short notes on E-Commerce. Write the elements and Models of E-Commerce. What do you mean by e-commerce? Describe in detail the life cycle of ecommerce. Also write the advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce. Write some examples of e-commerce Write the short notes on the technology of e-commerce (EDI, EFT, Debit Card and Smart Card)
BCIHMCT
Created by: Mohan Jain
11
Internet Basics INTRODUCTION Internet is a 'network of networks' that links computers around the world. It allows communication across networks, i.e., one can communicate between one or more networks. This allows people to have access to information from different websites, locations or machines. It literally puts a world of information and a potential worldwide audience at your fingertips. An internet consists of a set of connected networks that acts as an integrated whole. 1. It is a set of computers talking over fiber optics, phone lines, satellite links and other media. 2. It is a place where you can talk to your friends & family around the world. 3. It is a place to get cool game demos. 4. It is a place to do research for your thesis or a business presentation. 5. It is unlimited commercial opportunity. 6. It is a world-wide support group for any problem or need. FEATURES Some of the facilities available on the Internet are: World Wide Web: - The Internet application that is currently drawing maximum attention is the World Wide Web. It has dramatically influenced the online world and continues to grow in popularity. Direct Communication: - Through email (electronic mail), messages can be sent to or received from any part of the world within a few minutes. Round-the-Clock Availability: - Information on the Internet is available to the users 24x7. Central Repository of Data: - The Internet is like a huge central warehouse of data that can be accessed by people from all over the world. Search Engines: - They are like directories which help you get any information from the world over within a few seconds. Advertisement: - A company can advertise its products / services through the Internet. E-Commerce: - The Internet is increasingly being used for carrying out money transactions. Through the Internet you can shop and pay through your credit card or ask your bank to transfer your money to a different account, without even leaving your desk. Distance Learning: - Several online distance learning courses are 'offered by Indian and foreign universities on the Internet. BBS and New Services: - The Internet is perhaps the cheapest medium for online help. BBS services are available on the Net through which you can ask questions and get immediate troubleshooting assistance. Wide Area Networks: - Using the Internet, organizations can collect and compile information from offices spread over a large geographical area. Shareware Software: - Internet is also a great medium for downloading free software. You can get a truckload of free games, utilities and trial versions of software through the Net.
BCIHMCT
Created by: Mohan Jain
12
INTERNET PROTOCOLS (IP) People very often forget the basic protocols of a network. Before we understand the Internet protocols, let us first discuss 'addresses'. The Internet has a large number of computers connected to it, from which arises the need for a proper addressing system. Each computer on the network is called a host, and has a name and a number that identifies it. Internet Protocol Address (IP Address) IP address is the numeric location of your computer so that it is an identifiable machine to all the other computers connected to the Internet. The IP address is a 32-bit number divided into four octets (4x8 bit = 32 bit), these octets are written in dotted-decimal format, like 11.245.196.212 Domain Naming System (DNS) Domain names provide a system an easy-to-remember Internet address, which can be translated by the Domain Name System (DNS) into the Numeric Address (Internet Protocol number). Examples of domain names include microsoft.com, pepsi.com, etc. The last three letters of the address are important as they provide information about the kind of organization to which the address belongs. Abbreviations commonly used with domain names. Abbreviation
Represents
.com Commercial Organisations .org Non-profit Groups .net Networking Organisations .gov Government Agencies .mil Military .edu Educational Institutions .ac Academic Organisation .in Indian Organisation .ac.in Indian Academic Organisation Communication Protocols (rules and conventions)
etc.
In the context of data networking, a protocol is a formal set of rules and conventions that govern how computers exchange information over a network medium. The Internet uses a set of communication protocols called TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). These protocols enable information to be transferred between dissimilar computers, such as a PC and a Macintosh. Thus, TCP/IP binds the Internet and is made up of two components – TCP and IP. TCP - Transmission Control Protocol: When two computers seek a reliable communication between each other, they establish a connection. This is analogous making a telephone call. If you want to speak to your uncle in UK, a connection is established when you dial his phone number and he answers. The TCP guarantees that of data sent from one end of the connection actually reaches the other end in the same order it was sent. Otherwise, an error is reported. IP -Internet Protocol is the basic protocol of the Internet. The task of the IP is to send a packet (in a network, information is transmitted in the form of 'packets') from Computer A to Computer B. The IP does not verify that the packet really reaches its destination, nor is it the task of the IP to make sure it reached error-free, and in the correct order.
BCIHMCT
Created by: Mohan Jain
13
CONNECTING TO THE INTERNET There are various ways to connect to the Internet. Some of the common options are described here: Dial-Up Connections Telephone lines were designed to transmit human voice, and not electronic data from computers. Modems were therefore invented to convert digital computer signals into a form that allowed them to travel over phone lines-by converting Digital to analog signals (Modulation) on sending end and convert them back to digital signals (Demodulation) on the receiving end. The word modem stands for MOdulator/DEModulator. If your computer does not have an internal modem, you can consider buying an external one, as it is much easier to install and operate. Until the end of 1995, the conventional wisdom was that 28.8 kbps was about the fastest speed you could squeeze out of a regular copper telephone line. Today, data transmission for a dial-up connection is typically 2 mbps or more. The key information here is to know what speed modems your Internet Service Provider (ISP) supports. If your ISP has only 512 kbps modem on its end of the line, you could have the fastest modem in the world, but only be able to connect at 512 kbps or lesser. Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) DSL, a high-speed technology, is becoming increasingly popular. It carries both voice and data over the telephone line. A DSL line can remain connected to the Internet, so you need not dial up when you want to go online. Typically with DSL, data is downloaded to your computer at rates up to 8 Mbps and you can send data upto 1 mbps. Since a DSL line carries both voice and data, you do not have to install another phone line. DSL service requires a special modem and network card on your computer. Prices for equipment, DSL installation and monthly service vary considerably, so you will need to check with your local phone company and the Internet Service Provider. Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) ISDN service is an older technology offered by telephone companies. An ISDN line has a data transfer rate of between 128 kbps and 4 -8 mbps. These leased lines come in two configurations: T1 and T3. A T1 (the commonly used connection option) is a dedicated connection offering data transfer speed upto 2 mbps. This is useful for web servers or other computers that need to be connected to the Internet all the time. Leased lines are expensive and are generally used only by companies whose business is built around the Internet or need to transfer large amounts of data.
Internet Data Card All the telephone and mobile network companies providing internet via Internet Data Card or Mobile Internet Card upto the transfer speed of 4 mbps. These cards are important for those users who work over internet at different locations or use internet on their laptops during business meetings, conferences, presentations, lectures etc. This device is look like USB flash memory (Pen Drive) with a SIM Card for subscription. Like mobile subscription this is also available in prepaid and postpaid form according to the usability.
BCIHMCT
Created by: Mohan Jain
14
PREREQUISITES FOR INTERNET Hardware The hardware requirement varies from case to case like1. In case of a dial-up connection, we need a computer with a serial port for connecting an external modem or a spare expansion slot for connecting an internal modem card. In the case of Broadband or DSL connection, we need a spare USB port and a LAN card. 2. A modem (internal or external), ideally a faster one (with a speed of 128 kbps or more), is required. A modem converts electronic signals from your computer into analog signals (sound), which can then be sent over the telephone lines and vice versa. 3. Cables are required with jacks and sockets (RJ-11 and RJ-45 connectors) to connect your modem with the computer and telephone. Software 1. Windows - although you can use earlier versions, Windows 98 or higher version is preferable because it has inbuilt components to support Internet connectivity. 2. A web browser, which is a client software program that allows the user to navigate the web such as Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator. Others 1. A telephone connection in case of a dial-up modem. 2. An Internet account. If you want to have Internet access at your home, you will need to sign up with an Internet Service Provider (ISP) and have an Internet account. Some common ISPs are MTNL and VSNL, TATA, Airtel, Sify etc.
BCIHMCT
Created by: Mohan Jain
15
E-MAIL Electronic mail was originally designed to allow a pair of individuals to communicate via computer. Electronic mail (abbreviated "e-mail") is the service most people use first in networking, whether they are on a LOCAL LAN or connected to the global Internet. It is the most commonly used service on the Internet because easy and convenient to use. It is easier to send/receive e-mail than paper mail. E-mail allows us to send a message to another computer without knowing that the receiving person is available at the destination system or not. Because this service provide a unique global address called e-mail id to all of its users.
Some popular free e-mail websites www.gmail.com www.rediffmail.com www.mail.yahoo.com www.hotmail.com www.indiatimes.com
Creating an E-Mail Account Open the web browser and type in the name of the e-mail site on which you would like to create an account. For example: gmail.com. Type in the following URL: http://mail.google.com/mail/signup in the address bar.
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Created by: Mohan Jain
16
Follow the steps mentioned in the webpage in order to successfully create your e-mail account.
Sending and Receiving E-mails 1. 2.
Click on compose/create/write mail to create a new mail You can select address from your Contacts list to type the address in the To:, Cc:, Bcc: fields, When you begin to type an address in these fields, a complete address will be suggested from your Contacts list 3. Select the Attach a file link in order to attach any file with the e-mail message. (Figure should show attach a file. Attach another file is displayed only after the first file has been attached) 4. Select the file want to attach. Then click on Open. 5. Your file will now be attached to your e-mail message. 6. Now click on the Send button in order to send the e-mail 7. You can see that the message has been sent. You can check the received mails by clicking on the Inbox option Merits of e-mail: Send a single message to many recipients. Send a message that includes text, voice, video or graphics. Send a message to a user on a network outside the Internet. Send a message to which a computer program responds. E-mail provides high speed transfer rate of information. A group of people can share a common interest to participate in a discussion. A computer program can answer email and send a reply automatically Demerits of e-mail: An e-mail message can be more easily misunderstood than verbal communication because email lacks the nuances of face- to-face or phone conversion. All incoming e-mail messages are stored in the INBOX folder. These messages remain there until you move them to other folders or delete them.
BCIHMCT
Created by: Mohan Jain
17
SEARCH ENGINE Internet search engines (e.g., Google, AltaVista) help users find web pages on a given subject. Search engines maintain databases of websites and use programs to collect information, which is then indexed by the search engine. It is a program which acts as a card catalogue for the Internet. Search engines attempt to index and locate desired information by searching for keywords which a user specifies. The method for finding this information is usually done by maintaining indices of web resources that can be queried for the keywords entered by the user. Without search engines, it would be virtually impossible to locate anything on the web without knowing a specific URL.
Popular Search Engines: www.google.com www.yahoosearch.com www.altaviata.com www.hotbot.com www.savvysearch.com www.webcrawler.com www.metacrawler.com www.inforseek.com
Popular Job Sites:
Popular Auction Sites:
www.naukri.com www.timesjob.com www.shine.com www.monster.com
www.ebay.com www.rediffshopping.com www.amazon.com
Popular Travel Sites:
Popular Social Networking Sites
www.makemytrip.com www.travelguru.com www.cleartrip.com
www.orkut.com www.facebook.com
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www.twitter.com
Created by: Mohan Jain
18
E-COMMERCE Commerce: - The exchange or buying and selling of commodities is called commerce; exp- the exchange of merchandise or communities. Exp- Sale/purchase of impulse items for immediate use, fashion jewelry and antiques (personal inspection required; prefer to touch, smell or examine closely) Electronic Commerce (e-commerce): - Electronic commerce (e-commerce) is a general term for any type of business, or commercial transaction that involves the transfer of information across the Internet. This covers different types of businesses from consumer-based retail sites, like www.amazon.com through auction and music sites like www.ebay.com or www.mp3.com to business exchanges trading goods or services between corporations. Definition 1: (Caderet, 1994): "Application of advanced Information Technology to increase the effectiveness of commercial practices between trading partners". Definition 2: (European Commission, 1997): E-Commerce is about doing business electronically. It is based on the electronic processing and transmission of the data, including text, sound, and video. It encompasses many activities including electronic trading of goods and services, online delivery of digital content, electronic fund transfers, electronic share trading, electronic bills payment, commercial auctions, direct consumer marketing, and after sales service. It involves both products (e.g. consumer goods. specialized medical equipment) and services (e.g. information services, financial and legal services, health care, education) Definition 3: (Garter Group): E-Commerce is an electronic communication among enterprises including customers, suppliers, business partners, government organizations, and financial institutions. Thus, E-commerce refers to the paperless exchange of business information using Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), Electronic Mail, Electronic Bulletin Board, Electronic Funds Transfers (EFT) and other networked based technologies. It is not only automates manual process and paper transaction but also help organizations move to a fully electronic environment and change the way they operate. Some people use the term e-business to refer to all the categories of e-commerce. In a holistic sense e- commerce can be summarized as: - It is a business strategy. - It uses technology to achieve business goals. - It improves external business relationships. - It provides information to facilitate delivery of goods and services. . Examples of e-commerce activities: Sale/ purchase of books & CDs, travel services, investments and insurance services Online delivery of software Online shipment tracking Online banking
BCIHMCT
Created by: Mohan Jain
19
E-Commerce ProcessE-commerce process involves via three logical entities – 1. The Storefront: - The storefront is nothing but a series of HTML web pages that display the products. The development of the same is quite simple and easy, with thousands of software available in the market. 2. The Payment Mechanism: - the payment mechanism is very crucial, and the entire ecommerce depends on this. 3. The Supply: - A physical world operation which we're all familiar with - like supply chain, logistics etc E-payments are central to the whole e-business cycle, as they would allow the companies to service customers faster, innovative and at lower costs. This is also the crucial part; because if the claims and debits of the various participating companies - customer, servicing company, and the bank - are not balanced, because of payment delays, or even worse payment defaults - then the whole process is disrupted. Hence, the central to the problem is prompt and secure payment, clearing and settlement of credit and debit claims. The elements that go into the payment mechanism are: Card Holder - The individual who is making the purchase (either goods or services) using the credit card. Merchants - the Company that is selling goods and services to cardholders. Issuing Bank - The bank that has issued the credit card to the cardholder. The issuing bank provides the monthly billing statements to the cardholder. Acquiring Bank - The bank that enables the merchants to accept the credit card payments. After getting the amount from the issuing bank, the acquiring bank deposits it into the merchant account. Payment Application - An Application used by the merchants to request credit card authorization and settlement of funds between the merchant and the acquiring bank. Card Association/Issuer - An association such as VISA International and MasterCard, which issues credit card through its members (the issuing banks to the cardholder). American Express and Discover are card issuers E-commerce Payment Mechanism: - There are two types of processes that are utilized by the payment mechanism: Authorization Process- The credit card details as entered by the cardholder are verified and confirmed with the issuing banks. When making purchases over the web the cardholder uses a web browser to procure product information from the merchant. The merchant captures the product information as well as credit card information and then communicates the credit card information to the acquiring bank through the payment application. The payment application encrypts and transmits the credit card information to the acquiring bank through secure communications with Secured Sockets Layer (SSL). The acquiring bank works with the appropriate card association (or card issuer) to execute the transaction. The system in the acquiring bank received the information and forwards this information to the card associations for verification as well as authorization. The card association or issuer verifiers the card information and determines whether the card holder has sufficient credit limit available to pay for the purchases (the purchase amount is also transmitted).
BCIHMCT
Created by: Mohan Jain
20
The fig. shows the authorization process cycle. Note that there are two cycles - Authorization (credit card) and settlement (payments to the merchant). Using a web browser, the cardholder visits the merchant’s website, where goods or services are displayed. Card Holder clicks on “PURCHASE” Button
Merchant captures the information of Product and Card Holder
Payment Application encrypts the information and forwards to the Acquiring Bank
Acquiring Bank forwards the information to the Card Association or Issuing Bank
Card Holder notified with confirmation number
Merchant receives confirmation message
Payment Application encrypts the information and forwards to the Merchant
Settlement Process: - The figure indicates the settlement process of the orders fulfilled by the merchant. The merchant's payment application encrypts the purchase information and transmits the Encrypted information to the acquiring bank. The acquiring bank sends settlement instructions to the appropriate card association for verification. The credit amounts from the issuing bank and makes the deposit to the merchant account. The merchant receives a notification with the fund transfer. Advantages\Benefits of E-commerce: - Lower transactions costs (both order taking cost and after sale service costs) - Larger Purchases per transaction - People can shop in different way. - Improved Customer Interactions - Low Procurement processing cost (Just in time) - Increases sales, decreases cost - Allows small businesses to have global customer base - Provides purchasing opportunities for buyers - Businesses can identify new suppliers and partners - Business can be transacted 24x7 - The level of purchase information is selected by user - Digital products like software etc can be delivered instantly - Allows products and services to be available in remote areas, e.g. remote learning - Increased choice of vendors and products. - Convenience from shopping at home or office. - More competitive and increased price comparison capabilities. - Greater Customization in the delivery of services.
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Created by: Mohan Jain
21
Disadvantages of E-Commerce: Inability to sell some products (e.g. high cost jewelry and fresh foods) although supermarkets like www.tesco.com delivers to your home) Integrating current databases and transaction processing systems into e-commerce is difficult. Transmission of credit card details Some merchants oppose to change the product No proper laws for e-commerce (e-shopping or e-business) Products with a low value-to-weight ratio that can’t be efficiently packed and shipped
Elements of e-commerce In case of an E-commerce, all the above listed elements are available but they are having slight variation in the real life situation. However, all these elements are required to conduct e-commerce activity. A product or a Service: In case of E-Commerce, it is virtual product shown on a web site. One can demonstrate multimedia presentation of the product and all its features on the web page itself, which may not be possible in case of physical product of commerce activity. A place to sell the product: In the e-commerce case, a website displays the products in all ways and act as a place for E-Commerce. A way to get customers to visit your website: In case of E-Commerce search engines and linkages with other web sites play an important role in helping the customers to reach web sites of the e-organizations. A way to accept orders: The orders are accepted on the web site itself. On the web pages of the E-commerce companies shopping carts are being provided. One can click on the icon and fill-in the shopping card to order items to be purchased' and it is a b the E-commerce company as order from the customer. A way to accept money: In case of traditional commerce, buyers and sellers are in direct contact with each other. The payments in e-commerce are made using electronic Fund Transfer in various form using credit cards, smart cards, e-cheques, etc. The information of payment is routed through Value Added Networks and Payment Gateway Systems, etc. A fulfillment facility to ship product to customers: The shipment of the product to the customer is made through third party. The most of the E- commerce companies are having their chain of suppliers in various localities and items are shipped through these suppliers to the customers. A way to handle warranty claims: Sometimes if the product breaks in the way or some other problems crop up with the product. In such situation, warranty claims are to be honored as in the case of commerce. A way to accept returns: As is the case of commerce, in case of E- commerce all the trading companies have the system of accepting the returns if the goods and services are not to the satisfaction of the customer or not up to the standards/ specifications mentioned in the product catalogs or brochures hosted on the web pages. A way to provide customer service: The main tools of the customer service are E-mails, online forms, on-line knowledge bases and frequently asked questions.
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22
Technologies of E-commerce (1) Electronic Data Interchange: EDI is the preparation or processing of data, communication, and business transactions electronically in a predefined format, using computers and telecommunication links. Mostly large corporations and their suppliers working together using this technology over a private network called a Value Added Network (VAN). These VAN offer reliability and security over the internet that is difficult so far. An EDI service provider maintains a VAN with mailboxes for each business partner. The provider stores then forwards EDI messages between partners. Each participating company has to run EDI translation software on its computers to convert EDI data in to formats used by the Company's data bases. (2) Electronic Fund Transfer (EFT): It involves the electronic transmission of financing transactions (debit and credit) between banks, banks and companies, banks and consumers, or companies and consumers. EFT adds another dimension to EDI allowing for direct deposit of payments without cheque writing, receiving, processing or cancelling. Examples Banking and financial payments Large-scale or wholesale payments (e.g., Bank-to-Bank Transfer). Small-scale or retail payments (e.g. ATM, Credit Cards, VISA, Master Card) Home Banking (e.g. Bill Payment) Online electronic commerce payments Smart cards or debit cards (e.g. Mondex Electronic Currency Card) Encrypted credit cards (e.g., SSL encryption) (3) Debit cards: With a magnetic strip and an embossed identification number, debit card are used by consumers to obtain money from Automatic Teller Machines, to pay for goods or services on a retail locations, to-access Home Banking or Bill Payment services. The major point is that debit card provides no limit of credit; purchases are directly debited to a customer’s bank account. Thus debit cards are a substitute for cash or a personal cheque. (4) Smart Cards: The smart card (also called a memory card) is a portable data-storage chip that provides user a new password each time they log in a system. It differs from the prepaid telephone card, or debits card. It is very popular in Europe, because it contains microprocessors and memory chips that provide intelligence and the ability to store a significant amount of information for identity and security. Smart Cards are designed to replace traditional magnetic strip credit or bank cards introduced at the end of 1960’s. "Representatives of the financial services, telecommunications, entertainment, publishing, software, computer and health care industries are joining with government agencies to create a multi-industry effort to accelerate the use of smart card technologies". E-Commerce Categories Example You are a computer manufacturing company who performs the following activities on the Internet: Sells computers to individuals (B2C-Business to Customer) Purchases computer peripherals from a supplier (B2B -Business to Business) Hires staff, manage customer accounts, advertise, etc. (Business processes or e-procurement) Sells computers to the Government to be used in schools (B2G -Business to Government) On www.ebay.com individuals buy and sell any item (C2C -Customer to Customer )
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Created by: Mohan Jain
23
Hyper Text Markup Language Short for Hyper Text Markup Language, the authoring language used to create documents on the World Wide Web. HTML defines the structure and layout of a Web document by using a variety of tags and attributes. The correct structure for an HTML document starts with (enter here what document is about or Heading of the page) and ends with . All the information you'd like to include in your Web page fits in between the and tags. There are hundreds of other tags used to format and layout the information in a Web page. Tags are also used to specify hypertext links. These allow Web developers to direct users to other Web pages with only a click of the mouse on either an image or word(s). For a more complete list of tags, check out some of the URLs below. Tags... n) A command inserted in a document that specifies how the document, or a portion of the document, should be formatted. Tags are used by all format specifications that store documents as text files including HTML. (v) To mark a section of a document with a formatting command. Anchor
HREF: URL you are linking to TARGET = "_blank" | "_parent" | "_self" which window the document should go in
Bold
BGCOLOR: background color of the page BACKGROUND: background picture for the page TEXT: color of the text on the page
Line Break
- Definition List
- Definition Term
SIZE: size of the font COLOR: color of the text FACE: set the typestyle for text
to
Heading
ALIGN = LEFT | RIGHT | CENTER | JUSTIFY (alignment )
<TITLE>
Text on the header of the window/page
Italic StyleImage
SRC: where to get the picture WIDTH: how wide is the picture HEIGHT: how tall is the picture ALIGN = LEFT | RIGHT | TOP BORDER: border around the picture
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- List Item
TYPE = DISC | CIRCLE | SQUARE | 1 | A | a | I | i type of bullet or numeral VALUE: where to continue counting
<MARQUEE ...>
DIRECTION = LEFT | RIGHT ,which direction the marquee should scroll BEHAVIOR = SCROLL | SLIDE | ALTERNATE, what type of scrolling BGCOLOR: background color
- Ordered List
TYPE = 1 | A | a | I | I
(type of numerals )
START: where to start countingParagraph
ALIGN = LEFT | CENTER | RIGHT | JUSTIFY, Text alignment in the paragraph
<STRONG> <SUB> Subscript <SUP> Superscript
BORDER: size of border around the table WIDTH: width of the table as a whole BGCOLOR: color of the background BACKGROUND: picture to use as background ALIGN = LEFT | RIGHT
(alignment of table to surrounding text )
HEIGHT: height of the table as a whole BORDERCOLOR: color of border around the tableTable Data
ALIGN = LEFT | CENTER horizontal alignment of cell contents
|
MIDDLE
|
RIGHT
VALIGN = TOP | MIDDLE | CENTER | BOTTOM | BASELINE vertical alignment of cell contents WIDTH: width of cell HEIGHT: height of cell BGCOLOR: color of the background BORDERCOLOR: color of border around the table BACKGROUND: picture to use as backgroundTable Header Table Row
ALIGN = LEFT | CENTER | RIGHT -horizontal alignment of cell contents BGCOLOR: background color BACKGROUND: background image BORDERCOLOR: color of border around each cell
Teletype
TYPE = DISC | CIRCLE | SQUARE
(type of bullets )
Underline- Unordered List
You'll be happy to learn that it's really pretty simple. The basic idea is this... A web page is nothing more than a file, a HTML file to be exact. It's called HTML because web page documents have the file extension .html or .htm. HTML stands for Hyper Text Mark-up Language.
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25
Another tool you'll need is a browser to view your web pages. You're probably using a web browser right now to view these pages. The most widely used or default browser is Microsoft Internet Explorer. A recently very highly rated and free browser is Firefox which contains special tools useful for web developers.
Getting Started: Open Notepad and start with this... ….
Each one of those is called a tag. There is a starting tag and a closing tag. To make a closing tag just add a / to the starting tag. Most, but not all tags have a closing tag. Think of tags as enclosing a bit of text for the browser to interpret. The browser will interpret everything between and as an HTML document. Different tags are interpreted different ways by the browser. Every HTML document needs a pair of head tags. The only thing we have to concern ourselves with in the head tags (for now) are the title tags and the bulk of the page is going to be within the body tags. Give your document a title, and put something in the body.My first page! Hello! Welcome.
Now save it, not as a text document, but as an html document. Save it as page1.html in a new folder somewhere. In your Notepad window click File then save as and you can open a second instance of your browser in one of two ways... 1) Find the icon of the html file you just made (page1.html) and double click on it. Or 2) In your browser, click on File/Open File (or something similar to that) and browse to the file (page1.html). To keep things a little cleaner I am only going to write what is in the tags. I will omit the , &tags. Needless to say, keep these in your document. Type something really cool. Whenever you make a change to your document, just save it, then hit the Refresh/Reload button on your browser. In many instances just hitting the refresh button doesn't quite do the trick. IMPORTANT NOTE:<br /> <br /> This is an example of nested tags. If you are going to use tag pairs in combination (which you will probably be doing quite a bit), then to avoid confusing the browser (not to mention confusing yourself) they should be nested, not overlapping. Let me illustrate...<br /> <br /> BCIHMCT<br /> <br /> Created by: Mohan Jain<br /> <br /> 26<br /> <br /> t size to ... It's pretty easy!<br /> <br /> We can change the fon<br /> <br /> o<br /> <br /> First add the <font> tags... <body> Something really <font>cool</font> </body> Then specify a size attribute. Fonts come in 7 sizes:<br /> <br /> teeny tiny<br /> <br /> small regular<br /> <br /> extra medium<br /> <br /> large<br /> <br /> real big & yelling!<br /> <br /> 1<br /> <br /> 2<br /> <br /> 4<br /> <br /> 5<br /> <br /> 6<br /> <br /> 3<br /> <br /> 7<br /> <br /> Two things I want to discuss now. First, a <tag> tells the browser to do something. An attribute goes inside the <tag> and tells the browser how to do it. Second point is about defaults. The default font size is 3 (usually). If you say nothing it will be 3. Arial Arial Black Arial Narrow Bookman Old Style Century Gothic<br /> <br /> Comic Sans MS Courier New Georgia Impact<br /> <br /> Lucida Console Tahoma Times New Roman Trebuchet MS Verdana<br /> <br /> Note:<br /> <br /> You'll notice here and there I use quotation marks. They are important. Whenever you have an attribute="value", the value should really be in quotes. HTML is not case sensitive. You could just use <FONT> instead of <font> You can change the font color if you like. We can, of course use more than one attribute in a <font> tag... <body bgcolor="#ccffcc"> Something really <u><i><b><font color="#ff0000" face="arial" size="5">cool</font></b></i></u> </body><br /> <br /> Something really<br /> <br /> cool<br /> <br /> I feel the need to point out that multiple tags should be nested...<br /> <br /> BCIHMCT<br /> <br /> Created by: Mohan Jain<br /> <br /> 27<br /> <br /> In most instances, it doesn't matter which tag is first. It's not like if you want to make something red and bold you have to do one or the other first. You can do them in any order you want. Like<br /> <br /> The fastest way to confuse the browser, not to mention yourself is to overlap the tags...<br /> <br /> Another occasionally useful tag worth mentioning are section headings. While they're a little old fashioned in today's very graphic web, they are still a handy little thing to have in your toolbox. They come in sizes 1-6. Also useful heading attribute is align. It's fairly self-explanatory... <h1 align="left">Something really cool</h1> <h2 align="center">Something really cool</h2> <h3 align="right">Something really cool</h3> <h4>Something really cool</h4> <h5>Something really cool</h5> <h6>Something really cool</h6><br /> <br /> Something really cool<br /> <br /> Something really cool Something really cool Something really cool Something really cool Something really cool<br /> <br /> The browser doesn't recognize formatting. Unless you tell it otherwise, it just displays the characters in a steady stream. If you want to start a new line you have to use a line break......<br> basically says - start a new line. Skip lots of lines? The browser won't recognize more than 1 space. I know at first this might all seem pretty stupid for it to be this way, but really, it's better like this. It gives you absolute control over the document's appearance. There is a nifty little code that means "space" to the browser: Try this instead...<br /> <br /> BCIHMCT<br /> <br /> Created by: Mohan Jain<br /> <br /> 28 <body> Something <br> really cool </body><br /> <br /> Something really cool<br /> <br /> The & means we are beginning a special character, the ; means ending a special character, and the letters in between are sort of an abbreviation for what it's for. There are quite a few of these special characters. Here are five more. (Note: these should always be lower case.) non-breaking space < < less-than symbol > > greater-than symbol & & ampersand " "quotation mark<br /> <br /> Image: Let's get into putting images into a web page. We're going to use this one. Right click to save it off this page. Save it as chef.gif to the same directory you previously saved page1.html. We must also specify the source and the size. <body> <img src="chef.gif" width="130" height="101"> </body><br /> <br /> Let me make the point that not only does the source specify what image; it also specifies where the image is. The above source, src="chef.gif", means that the browser will look for the image named chef.gif in the same folder (or directory) as the html document itself. Below are a few diagrams... Src ="chef.gif" means that the image is in the same folder as the html document that called for it.<br /> <br /> BCIHMCT<br /> <br /> Created by: Mohan Jain<br /> <br /> 29<br /> <br /> src="images/chef.gif" means that the image is one folder down from the html document that called for it. This can go on down as many layers as necessary.<br /> <br /> src="../chef.gif" means that the image is in one folder up from the html document that called for it.<br /> <br /> Hyperlink: <body> Go to <a href="http://www.yahoo.com/" rel="nofollow">Yahoo!</a> </body><br /> <br /> URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator. A URL is just an address on the web. You specify it like so: href="url". Yahoo's URL is http://www.yahoo.com/<br /> <br /> Go to Yahoo!<br /> <br /> An email link works in same way. We just use mailto: and an email id instead of page address. <body> Send me <a href="mailto:forrest@bubbagump.com" rel="nofollow">Mail!</a> </body><br /> <br /> Send me Mail!<br /> <br /> We can make an image a link if we want. We simply substitute an <img> tag instead of text. <body> Go to <a href="http://www.cnn.com/" rel="nofollow"><img src="chef.gif" width="130" height="101"></a> </body><br /> <br /> BCIHMCT<br /> <br /> Created by: Mohan Jain<br /> <br /> 30<br /> <br /> Go to<br /> <br /> List tag Another very useful little tool is a list. There are ordered lists and unordered lists. This is an ordered list: 1. 2. 3. 4.<br /> <br /> This is an unordered list:<br /> <br /> something big something small something short something tall<br /> <br /> something red something blue something old something new<br /> <br /> <ol> Ordered List<br /> <br /> <ul> Unordered List<br /> <br /> type="1" - numeric: 1,2,3,4... (default) type="a" - lower alpha: a,b,c,d... type="A" - upper alpha: A,B,C,D... type="i" - lower roman: i,ii,iii,iv... type="I" - upper roman: I,II,III,IV...<br /> <br /> o <br /> <br /> type="disc" (default) type="circle" type="square"<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> One more example before we move on. Note that lists can also be nested... <ol> <li>Fruits <ul> <li>apples <li>oranges <li>bananas<br /> <br /> </ul><br /> <br /> <li>Nuts <ul> <li>peanuts <li>macadamia<br /> <br /> </ul><br /> <br /> <li>Vegetables <ul> <li>cucumbers <li>peppers <li>lettuce </ol><br /> <br /> </ul><br /> <br /> 1. Fruits o o o<br /> <br /> BCIHMCT<br /> <br /> apples oranges bananas Created by: Mohan Jain<br /> <br /> 31<br /> <br /> 2. Nuts o o<br /> <br /> peanuts macadamia 3. Vegetables o cucumbers o peppers o lettuce Another type of list is a definition list <DL>. As a finishing touch I like to make the definition title bold. It's not required, but I think it looks much better that way. <body> <dl> <dt><b>10th Amendment</b> <dd>The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. </dl> </body><br /> <br /> 10th Amendment The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.<br /> <br /> Table Tag The whole mess basically has only 3 tags... <table> The main tag. Used to tell the browser "this is a table", along with some attributes like size, border width and a few other things. <tr><br /> <br /> Table Row defines a horizontal row of <td> (Table Data) cells.<br /> <br /> <td><br /> <br /> Specifies an individual block or cell in a table row.<br /> <br /> To paraphrase: A table is made up of rows which in turn are made up of cells...<br /> <br /> <--this-- ----is--- ----a---- --table-- ---row--> cell cell<br /> <br /> cell<br /> <br /> Ok, what we've got is this... <table border="3" width="300" height="75" ><br /> <br /> BCIHMCT<br /> <br /> Created by: Mohan Jain<br /> <br /> 32<br /> <br /> <tr align="right" valign="top"> <td width="60%">Ed</td> <td width="20%">Tom</td> <td width="20%">Rick</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Larry</td> <td>Curly</td> <td> </td> </tr> </table> Ed<br /> <br /> Tom<br /> <br /> Larry<br /> <br /> Curly<br /> <br /> Rick<br /> <br /> Let's put Moe back and remove all attributes except border. <table border="3"> <tr> <td>Ed</td> <td>Tom</td> <td>Rick</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Larry</td> <td>Curly</td> <td>Moe</td> </tr> </table> Ed<br /> <br /> Tom Rick<br /> <br /> Larry Curly Moe<br /> <br /> BCIHMCT<br /> <br /> Created by: Mohan Jain </div> </div> <hr /> <h4>Related Documents</h4> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-2 col-md-4 col-sm-6 col-6"> <div class="card item-doc mb-4"> <a href="https://pdfcoke.com/documents/ms-office-wj39ew6vnnog" class="d-block"><img class="card-img-top" src="https://pdfcoke.com/img/crop/300x300/wj39ew6vnnog.jpg" alt=""/></a> <div class="card-body text-left"> <h5 class="card-title"><a href="https://pdfcoke.com/documents/ms-office-wj39ew6vnnog" class="text-dark">Ms Office</a></h5> <small class="text-muted float-left"><i class="fas fa-clock"></i> May 2020</small> <small class="text-muted float-right"><i class="fas fa-eye"></i> 4</small> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-2 col-md-4 col-sm-6 col-6"> <div class="card item-doc mb-4"> <a 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COMPACT: take up less space