Mrsm Spm Trial 2009 Bio Paper 2

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NO. KAD PENGENALAN NO. MAKTAB

4551/2

Biologi Kertas 2 September 2009 2 ½ Jam

MAKTAB RENDAH SAINS MARA

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2009

BIOLOGY Paper 2 Tow hours and thirty minutes 4 5 5 1 2

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

1. Tulis nombor kad pengenalan dan nombor maktab anda pada ruangan yang disediakan. 2. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam dwibahasa. 3. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris mendahului soalan yang sepadan dalam bahasa Melayu. 4. Calon dibenarkan menjawab keseluruhan atau sebahagian soalan sama ada dalam bahasa Inggeris atau bahasa Melayu. 5. Calon dikehendaki membaca maklumat di halaman belakang kertas soalan ini.

Untuk Kegunaan Pemeriksa Kod Pemeriksa : Bahagian Soalan Markah Markah Penuh Diperoleh 12 1 12 2 A 12 3 12 4 12 5 20 6 20 7 B 20 8 20 9 Jumlah

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 31 halaman bercetak dan 1 halaman tidak bercetak

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Section A Bahagian A [60 marks] [60 markah] Answer all questions in this section Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini 1. Diagram 1.1 shows the arrangement of bones of one appendicular skeleton. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan susunan tulang-tulang pada suatu rangka apendaj.

S

Move upwards Bergerak ke atas

Triceps muscle Otot triseps

T Diagram 1.1 Rajah 1.1 (a)

On Diagram 1.1, complete and label the drawing to show the muscle and tendon that enable the forearm to move in the direction shown. Pada Rajah 1.1, lengkapkan lukisan untuk menunjukkan otot dan tendon yang membolehkan anggota hadapan bergerak ke arah yang ditunjukkan. [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

(b)

Name the structure: Namakan struktur: S: ........................................................................................................................... T: ........................................................................................................................... [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

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Explain why muscle contraction needs more blood supply. Terangkan mengapa pengecutan otot memerlukan lebih banyak bekalan darah. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

(d)

Diagram 1.2 shows locomotion in a grasshopper. Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan pergerakan seekor belalang.

Extensor Ekstensor Flexor Fleksor

Diagram 1.2 / Rajah 1.2 (i)

Based on Diagram 1.2, explain the action of the leg muscle during jumping. Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2, terangkan tindakan otot kaki semasa melompat. ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... [ 3 marks ] [ 3 markah ]

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Situation Situasi The hind leg muscle of a grasshopper is injured. Otot kaki belakang seekor belalang telah tercedera.

(ii)

Based on Diagram 1.2 and the information above, explain how this affects the jumping movement. Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2 dan maklumat yang diberikan, terangkan bagaimana ia mempengaruhi lompatan belalang tersebut. ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... [ 3 marks ] [ 3 markah ]

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2. Diagram 2.1 shows the structure of the plasma membrane that is involved in the movement of substances. Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan struktur membran plasma yang terlibat dalam pergerakan bahan-bahan. Calcium ion Ion kalsium Glucose Glukosa

Outside the cell Di luar sel

M

L

Inside the cell Di dalam sel

ATP

Diagram 2.1 Rajah 2.1 (a)

Based on Diagram 2.1, label structure : Berdasarkan Rajah 2.1, label struktur : L : ........................................................ M : ....................................................... [2 marks] [2 markah]

(b)

State one property of: Nyatakan satu sifat pada: (i)

The plasma membrane in Diagram 2.1. Membran plasma dalam Rajah 2.1. ................................................................................................................... [1 mark] [1 markah]

(ii)

The molecules that can pass through structure L by simple diffusion based on Diagram 2.1. Molekul yang boleh merentasi struktur L secara resapan ringkas berdasarkan Rajah 2.1. ................................................................................................................... [1 mark] [1 markah]

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SULIT (c)

Based on Diagram 2.1, explain how glucose and calcium ions are transported across the plasma membrane into the cell. Berdasarkan Rajah 2.1, terangkan bagaimana glukosa dan ion kalsium diangkut merentasi membran plasma ke dalam sel. (i)

Glucose Glukosa ................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................

(ii)

................................................................................................................... [2 marks] [2 markah] Calcium ions Ion kalsium ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... [2 marks] [2 markah]

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Refering to the movement of substances across the plasma membrane: Merujuk kepada pergerakan bahan-bahan merentasi membran plasma:

Tap water Air paip

After being immersed for 2 hours Selepas direndam selama 2 jam

Chilly is cut halfway longitudinally Bahagian cili yang dipotong memanjang

Final observation Pemerhatian akhir

Initial observation Pemerhatian awal Diagram 2.2 / Rajah 2.2

(i)

Explain the observation based on Diagram 2.2. Terangkan pemerhatian berdasarkan Rajah 2.2. ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................... [2 marks] [2 markah]

(ii)

Based on Diagram 2.3, explain why salted fish can be stored for 3 months. Berdasarkan Rajah 2.3, terangkan mengapa ikan masin boleh disimpan selama 3 bulan.

Concentrated salt solution Larutan garam pekat

After being immersed for 2 weeks Selepas direndam selama 2 minggu

Salted fish Ikan masin

Diagram 2.3 / Rajah 2.3 ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... [2 marks] [2 markah] 4551/2 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

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Diagram 3.1 shows the amount of energy released during two types of respiration P and R. Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan jumlah tenaga yang dibebaskan semasa dua jenis respirasi, P dan R. Amount of energy released (kJ) Jumlah tenaga yang dibebaskan (kJ)

2898

150

P

R

Types of respiration Jenis respirasi

Diagram 3.1 Rajah 3.1 (a)

State the type of respiration in: Nyatakan jenis respirasi dalam: P :……………………………………………………………………………………… R :……………………………………………………………………………………... [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

(b)

Based on Diagram 3.1, explain why the amount of energy released during R is very much greater than during P. Berdasarkan Diagram 3.1, terangkan mengapa jumlah tenaga yang dibebaskan semasa R lebih tinggi daripada semasa P. ……………………………………….…………………………….………………….. ……………………………………….………………………………….…………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………... [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

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(c) Diagram 3.2 shows the respiratory structure of organism X and Y. Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan struktur respirasi organisma X dan Y.

Organism Y Organisma Y

Organism X Organisma X Diagram 3.2 Rajah 3.2 (i)

State one adaptation of the respiratory structure of organism X and Y. Nyatakan satu adaptasi yang terdapat pada struktur respirasi organisma X dan Y. X : ………………………………………………………………………

Y : ……………………………………………………………………… [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ] (ii)

Based on Diagram 3.2, explain the adaptation of the respiratory structure for organisms X and Y. Berdasarkan Rajah 3.2, terangkan adaptasi pada struktur respirasi bagi organisma X dan Y. X : ........................................................................................................... ……………………………………………………………………… Y : …………………………………………………………………….… .……………………………………………………………………… [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

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Diagram 3.3 shows an alveolus and blood capillaries. Rajah 3.3 menunjukkan alveolus dan kapilari darah Carbon monoxide Karbon monoksida

Alveolus Alveolus

Blood capillary Kapilari darah

Diagram 3.3 Rajah 3.3 Explain what happens if carbon monoxide gas diffuses into the blood capillaries. Terangkan apakah yang akan berlaku jika gas karbon monoksida meresap ke dalam kapilari darah. …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

(e)

Yeast is mixed with flour and sugar in bread making. After 30 minutes at room temperature, the dough rises. Semasa pembuatan roti, yis diadun dengan tepung dan gula. Doh itu mengembang selepas dibiarkan selama 30 minit pada suhu bilik. Explain the function of yeast in bread making. Terangkan fungsi yis dalam proses pembuatan roti. ………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………. [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

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4. Diagram 4.1 shows a part of the circulatory system and the lymphatic system in the human. Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan sistem peredaran darah dan sistem limfa dalam manusia.

Blood capillary Kapilari darah

Fluid Y Bendalir Y

Vessel Z Salur Z X Diagram 4.1 Rajah 4.1 (a)

(i)

Name the structure labelled X. Namakan struktur berlabel X.

................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark ] [ 1 markah ] (ii) State the function of X. Nyatakan fungsi X. ................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark ] [ 1 markah ]

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Explain how fluid Y is formed. Terangkan bagaimana bendalir Y terbentuk. ............................................................................................................................... …........................................................................................................................... …………………………………………………………………………………... [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

(c)

If structure X is infected by the parasitic worm, Filaria sp., explain the effect to the tissues that are surrounded by the blood capillaries. Jika struktur X telah dijangkiti oleh cacing parasit Filaria sp., terangkan apakah kesannya ke atas tisu yang dikelilingi oleh kapilari darah. ............................................................................................................................... …........................................................................................................................... …………………………………………………………………………………... [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

(d)

(i)

Name the blood vessel that receives fluid from vessel Z. Namakan salur darah yang menerima bendalir dari salur Z. ......................................................................................................................... [ 1 mark ] [ 1 markah ]

(ii)

Explain how the fluid in vessel Z is able to reach the blood vessels in (d)(i). Terangkan bagaimana bendalir di dalam salur Z boleh sampai ke salur darah di (d)(i). ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... [ 3 marks ] [ 3 markah ]

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13 A boy had a cut on his leg and was infected by bacteria. Explain why the lymph nodes in his groin region became swollen. Seorang budak lelaki telah luka pada bahagian kaki dan mendapat jangkitan bakteria. Terangkan mengapa nodus limfa di pangkal peha beliau menjadi bengkak.

............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

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5. Diagram 5.1 shows two varieties of papaya, Malaysian papaya and Hawaiian papaya. In both varieties, the dominant trait is homozygous. The cross breed between both varieties produces a new variety, the Exotica. Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan dua varieti betik, betik Malaysia dan betik Hawaii. Dalam kedua-dua varieti, trait dominan ialah homozigot. Kacukan silang antara kedua-dua varieti menghasilkan varieti baru betik.

Mesocarp Mesokarp Seeds Biji

Mesocarp Mesokarp Seeds Biji

X Malaysian papaya Betik Malaysia

Hawaiian papaya Betik Hawaii Key: Kekunci:

Exotica papaya Betik Exotica

R – Dominant allele for thick mesocarp Alel dominan untuk mesokarp tebal T – Dominant allele for less seeds Alel dominan untuk bilangan biji yang sedikit

Diagram 5.1 / Rajah 5.1 (a)

State one characteristic of papaya shown in Diagram 5.1. Nyatakan satu ciri buah betik yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 5.1. ………………………………..……………………..………………………… [ 1 mark ] [ 1 markah ]

(b)

Based on Diagram 5.1, explain how the new variety, Exotica is produced. Berdasarkan Rajah 5.1, terangkan bagaimana varieti baru, Exotica dihasilkan. ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… [ 3 marks ] [ 3 markah ]

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A papaya farmer wants to produce a large number of Exotica papaya in the shortest time possible. State the best technique to be used by the farmer. What is the genetic advantage of using this technique? Seorang peladang betik ingin menghasilkan betik Exotica dalam kuantiti yang banyak dalam masa yang singkat. Nyatakan teknik yang terbaik yang boleh digunakan oleh peladang tersebut. Apakah kelebihan menggunakan teknik ini dari segi genetik? ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... [ 2 marks ] [ 2 markah ]

(d)

Diagram 5.2 shows two homologous chromosomes M and N in Exotica papaya. Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan dua kromosom homolog M dan N dalam betik Exotica.

R

r

T

Chromosome M Kromosom M

t

Chromosome N Kromosom N Diagram 5.2 Rajah 5.2

(i)

Draw the gametes of the parent in Malaysian papaya and Hawaiian papaya to produce the Exotica papaya. Lukiskan gamet induk daripada betik Malaysia dan betik Hawaii yang akan menghasilkan betik Exotica.

Malaysian papaya Betik Malaysia

Hawaiian papaya Betik Hawaii [ 3 marks ] [ 3 markah ]

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Draw a schematic diagram to show how thick mesocarp and less seeds is produced in Exotica papaya. Lukiskan rajah skema untuk menunjukkan bagaimana mesokarp yang tebal dan kurang biji dihasilkan dalam betik Exotica.

[ 3 marks ] [ 3 markah ]

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Section B Bahagian B [20 marks 20 markah] Answer any two questions. Jawab mana-mana dua soalan.

6. Diagram 6.1 shows the longitudinal section of a root and Diagram 6.2 shows one stage from the process of cell division in the root. Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan keratan memanjang akar dan Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan satu peringkat daripada proses pembahagian sel yang berlaku di akar.

Zone R Zon R

Zone Q Zon Q

Zone P Zon P Root cap Jidal akar Diagram 6.1 Rajah 6.1 (a)

Diagram 6.2 Rajah 6.2

Describe the stage of cell division in Diagram 6.2. Huraikan peringkat pembahagian sel di dalam Rajah 6.2. [4 marks] [4 markah]

(b)

Based on Diagram 6.1, explain the growth process of the root in Zone P, Q and R. Berdasarkan Rajah 6.1, terangkan proses pertumbuhan akar di Zon P, Q dan R. [6 marks] [6 markah]

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(c)

Diagram 6.3 shows the stages in Mitosis and Diagram 6.4 shows the stages in Meiosis I, both in plants. Rajah 6.3 menunjukkan peringkat-peringkat Mitosis dan Rajah 6.4 menunjukkan peringkat-peringkat Meiosis I, kedua-duanya dalam tumbuhan.

Diagram 6.3 Rajah 6.3

Diagram 6.4 Rajah 6.4 Describe four similarities and six differences between Diagram 6.3 and Diagram 6.4. Huraikan empat persamaan dan enam perbezaan antara Rajah 6.3 dan Rajah 6.4. [10 marks] [10 markah] 4551/2 © 2009 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan & Latihan (Menengah) MARA

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SULIT 7.

(a)

Diagram 7.1 shows a cross section of an ovary. Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan keratan rentas ovari.

Primary follicle Folikel primer

Diagram 6.3 Rajah 6.3

Structure X Struktur X

Diagram 7.1 Rajah 7.1 Explain the formation of structure X. Terangkan pembentukan struktur X. [4 marks] [4 markah]

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Diagram 7.2 shows a longitudinal section of the reproductive parts of a flower during fertilisation and the fruit produced after two weeks. Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan keratan memanjang bahagian pembiakan bunga semasa persenyawaan dan buah yang terbentuk selepas dua minggu.

Pollen grain Debunga

Seed Biji benih

Ovary Ovari

After two weeks Selepas dua minggu

Diagram 7.2 Rajah 7.2

Based on Diagram 7.2 describe the formation of multiple seeds in an ovary. Berdasarkan Rajah 7.2 huraikan pembentukan biji benih yang banyak dalam suatu ovari. [6 marks] [6 markah]

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Diagram 7.3 shows the process involved in the development of the embryo sac. Rajah 7.3 menunjukkan proses yang terlibat dalam pembentukan pundi embrio.

Diploid megaspore Megaspora diploid

Mitosis Mitosis

Embryo sac Pundi embrio

Diagram 7.3 Rajah 7.3 Based on Diagram 7.3, describe the process shown. Berdasarkan Rajah 7.3, huraikan proses yang ditunjukkan. [10 marks] [10 markah]

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SULIT 8.

(a)

Diagram 8.1 and Diagram 8.2 show children taking in unbalanced daily meals. Rajah 8.1 and Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan kanak-kanak sedang mengambil makanan yang tidak seimbang.

Ice cream Ais krim

Diagram 8.1 Rajah 8.1

Fried chicken Ayam goreng

Diagram 8.2 Rajah 8.2

Discuss the effects of the excessive intake of the foods shown over a long period of time. Bincangkan kesan pengambilan makanan seperti yang ditunjukkan untuk jangkamasa yang lama. [10 marks] [10 markah]

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Table 8.1 shows the suitable nutrient intake for a normal female, a pregnant woman and a female athlete. Jadual 8.1 menunjukkan nutrisi yang sesuai untuk seorang wanita biasa, wanita mengandung dan ahli sukan wanita. Nutrient Nutrien

Normal female Wanita biasa

Pregnant woman Wanita mengandung

Female athlete Ahli sukan wanita

2200

3000

3500

50

90

74

5

12.5

8.3

10

15

10

60

60

100

2

2.1

5

800

1000

1200

15

15

25

Carbohydrates (cal) Karbohidrat (cal) Protein (g) Protein (g) Vitamin D (mg) Vitamin D (mg) Vitamin E (mg) Vitamin E (mg) Vitamin C (mg) Vitamin C (mg) Vitamin B (mg) Vitamin B (mg) Calcium (mg) Kalsium (mg) Zinc (mg) Zink (mg)

Table 8 Jadual 8 Based on your biological knowledge and Table 8, explain the importance of the main nutrien Berdasarkan pengetahuan biologi dan Jadual 8, terangkan kepentingan nutrient utama untuk: (i) (ii)

Pregnant woman Wanita mengandung Athlete Ahli sukan [10 marks] [10 markah]

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9. Diagram 9 shows various human activities. Rajah 9 menunjukkan pelbagai aktiviti manusia. Glass building Bangunan berkaca

Factory Kilang Bangunan

Logging activities Aktiviti pembalakan

Vehicle Kenderaan

Diagram 9 Rajah 9

(a)

Glass buildings may be the cause of a certain type of pollution. Based on Diagram 9, describe how other human activities contribute to the same type of pollution. Bangunan berkaca boleh menyebabkan satu jenis pencemaran. Berdasarkan Rajah 9, huraikan bagaimana aktiviti-aktiviti manusia boleh menyumbang kepada jenis pencemaran yang sama. [10 marks] [10 markah]

(b) Explain the effects of global warming to the environment. If you are an officer in the Ministry Of Environment, suggest ways to reduce this problem. Terangkan kesan pemanasan global kepada alam sekitar. Jika anda adalah seorang pegawai di dalam Kementerian Alam Sekitar, cadangkan kaedah untuk mengurangkan masalah ini. [10 marks] [10 markah]

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SPACE FOR ANSWERS Section:..............................................

Question no:.............................................

For examiner’s use

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SPACE FOR ANSWERS Section:..............................................

Question no:.............................................

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SPACE FOR ANSWERS Section:..............................................

Question no:.............................................

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SPACE FOR ANSWERS Section:..............................................

Question no:.............................................

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SPACE FOR ANSWERS Section:..............................................

Question no:.............................................

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SPACE FOR ANSWERS Section:..............................................

Question no:.............................................

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