Monitoring Annually Changes Of Agricultural
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Map Asia 2003
Land Information System
Evaluation and Monitoring Annually Changes of Agricultural Cadastre Map Using GIS Techniques A case study in khosheh Mehre agricultural lands, Eastern Azerbaijan, Northwestern Iran By M. Ahadnejad-e-Reveshti Zanjan University Email: [email protected] Telephone Office: 0098-241-5152405 Fox: 0098-241-5283100 Abstract: Agricultural cadastre maps of 1:5000 scales in Iran are prepared for land information, ownership, land use evaluates or kind taxes propose. Such maps may help to governmental organization to managements for agricultural land in rural regions. One of the most important points concerned with these maps are changes occurred on them, due to time changes. Agricultural land is due to different changes in terms of crop types, operation types, area, as well as ownership. During the present research different aspects of changes with use of GIS studied in Khusheh Mehr agricultural land in East Azerbaijan province in northern part of Iran within 2002 – 2003 crop calendars. Introduction: Global environment is a dynamic feature influenced by natural phenomena as well as human activities. Industrial development considerably accelerates the rate and speed of such changes. Agriculture lands are due to significant changes in different aspects. Land use changes are the result of several factors. Population increase requires more need for food thus more lands are needed to go under cultivation. Land use changes are influenced by several factors and some complicated processes are involved in this concern. Dividing agriculture lands into small sizes according to Islamic heritage law, urban and industrial development or any other improper land use changes are all factors which may affect the case. Updated cadastre maps are needed to show these changes particularly in rural area for efficient management of agriculture lands. Cadastre maps as well as its application have already been discussed, but temporal changes of different land use have not yet been considered. The present study focused on annual changes of cadastre maps from several points of view. Study area: Study area ( Khosheh Mehr Village ) occupies an area of about 455 hectares in Eastern Azerbaijan, around the city of Bonab and lies between northern latitude of 37 18 17 - 37 19 46 and eastern longitude of 46 8 11 -46 10 47 . The area is completely a flat land overlies Sofi River alluvial deposits. The main reason for such study in this area is considerable changes occurred in the area between year2002 and2003.
Map Asia Conference 2003 ©GISdevelopment.net, All rights reserved.
Map Asia 2003
Land Information System
Material and methods: Aerial photo of 1:10000 scale were used to prepare cadastral maps in the area. First of all the photos were transformed and interpreted. Then attributes for different land segments were assigned using ground truth field data. Finally GIS based database were created and also the prepared maps were updated through fieldwork. Consequently overall changes were evaluated using cross tabulation method. The following chart shows major steps of the research.
Aerial photo transformation and Interpretation for prepared 1:5000 map Fieldwork (Attribute collection)
Owner Name
Area
Land Use
Irrigations Method
Data base creation for 2002 and 2003 crop calendars Change evaluation
Owner Change
Land Use Change
Changes of Geometry
Fig 1: Flow chart showing the major steps of research Evaluation and assessment of changes: Different kinds of changes in terms of geometric as well as non-geometric changes (attribute) were evaluated considering the aim of study from the following point of view: 1) Changes occurred in shape and number of land parcels The results of study revealed that the number of agricultural land parcels have been increased from 349 in 2002 to 406 in 2003. Also the average areas of parcels have changed from 8666 in to 9876 within this period. The main reason for such a change may be seeked in two factors. The first is the Islamic heritage law in our country that results to splitting of land parcels into small sizes after a few generations. The small size land parcels are less valued from agriculture point of view. The other reason is the poverty in rural area that makes the people to sell part of their lands to compensate their living expenses.
Map Asia Conference 2003 ©GISdevelopment.net, All rights reserved.
Map Asia 2003
Land Information System
Map 1 shows distribution of agricultural lands, which were changed in shape and size within year 2002-2003.
Distribution of Change in Segment Shape in khusheh Mehr Agriculture Land 601000
601500
602000
602500
603000
603500
604000
604500
4132000
4132000
4131500
4131500
4131000
4131000
4130500
4130500
4130000
4130000
4129500
4129500
LEGENED No Change Change N W
601000
601500
602000
0.2
0
0.2
602500
0.4
0.6
603000
0.8
1
603500
604000
604500
1.2 Kilometers
E S
Provided By : Mohsen Ahadnejad
Map 1 shows distribution of agricultural lands that were changed in shape and size within year 2002-2003. 2) Ownership changes: The comparison of ownership data reveals that 75 pieces of land parcels from 406 agriculture lands have been changed within this period. The major reason for these changes is unregistered deals made by the local farmers. Map number 2 shows the distribution of the changes occurred in the farmlands. With comparison of this map and the map number 1 it may be concluded that ownership changes has a high as well as direct relation with changes of farm land shape so that most changes have been occurred among the neighboring parcels.
Map Asia Conference 2003 ©GISdevelopment.net, All rights reserved.
Map Asia 2003
Land Information System
Distribution of Change in Segments Owner in khusheh Mehr Agriculture Land 601000
601500
602000
602500
603000
603500
604000
604500
4132000
4132000
4131500
4131500
4131000
4131000
4130500
4130500
4130000
4130000
4129500
4129500
LEGENED No Change Change N W
E S
601000
601500
602000
0.3
0
602500
0.3
603000
0.6
0.9
603500
604000
604500
Provi ded By : Mohsen Ahadnejad
1.2 Kilo met ers
Map no 1: distribution of farmlands that their ownership has Been changed during year 2002 – 2003 3) Land use changes Land use changes are one of those cases that may be occurred through human activities as well as natural phenomena. Some of the annual changes are related to alternate cropping patterns. Another factor is related to changing farmland to other uses such as orchard or settlement and industrial sites. These changes usually occur very gradually. Maps number 3 and 4 show distribution of present land uses in the area. Assessment of land use maps using cross tab method show that about 8233 hectares of total land have been changed within one year. This change is about 18 percent of the whole area. Map number 5 shows distribution of changed area during 2002-2003.
Map Asia Conference 2003 ©GISdevelopment.net, All rights reserved.
Map Asia 2003
Land Information System
Land Use Map of Kusheh Mehr Agriculture La nd i n Crop Calendar (2002) 601000
601500
602000
602500
603000
603500
604000
604500
4132000
4132000
4131500
4131500
4131000
4131000
4130500
4130500
LE GENED Apple Corn Grassl and Grove I ndustrial Land under Rest Lucern Mixed Orcher Oni on Potato River Settlements Tomato Vineyard Wheat
Map no. 3: land use map of the study area in year 2002 4130000
4130000
4129500
4129500
N W
E S
601000
601500
0.3
602000 0
0.3
602500 0.6
603000 603500 0.9 1.2 Kil o meter s
604000
604500
Provi de d By : Mohsen Ah adn ej ad
Land Use Map of Kusheh Mehr Agricult ure L and in Crop Calendar (2003) 601000
601500
602000
602500
603000
603500
604000
604500
4132000
4132000
4131500
4131500
4131000
4131000
Map no.4: land use map of the study area in year 2003 4130500
4130500
4130000
4130000
4129500
4129500
Map Asia Conference 2003 ©GISdevelopment.net, All rights reserved.
L E G E N ED Appl e Cor n Gr a ssl a n d Gr o ve I n d ust ri al La nd Un d er R e st Le cer n Mi xe d Or ch er Oni o n Pot at o Ri ver Settl e m ent s To mat o Vi n ey ar d Wh e at N
Map Asia 2003
Land Information System
Land Use Change Map of Kusheh Mehr Agriculture Land in Crop Calendars (2002 - 2003) 601000
601500
602000
602500
603000
603500
604000
604500
4132000
4132000
4131500
4131500
4131000
4131000
4130500
4130500
4130000
4130000
4129500
4129500
LEGENED No Change Chage N W
E S
Provi de d By : Moh s en Ah adn ej ad Map601000no. 5:601500 Distribution of changed land 602000 602500 603000 603500 uses 604000within 6045002002- 2003 300
0
300
600
900
1200 Met ers
Different changes are categorized into following groups for better definition: •
Changes in concern with alternate cropping: Such changes occur in the area due to annual cropping pattern. The area of this change type is about 29.69 hectares. • Changes related to orchard: This type of changes occupies about 21.31 hectares which occurred due to changing of agricultural land as well as rangeland to orchard. • Changes related to rang land and woodland: around 19.4 hectares of woodland have been changed to agricultural land and orchard. • Changes in relation to urban development: According to the results of present study about 3.66 hectares of the area belongs to this class that is occurred due to settlement and industries in the area. This class is mainly the result of changes occurred in orchards. Table no.1 compares different land use in 2002 and 2003.
Map Asia Conference 2003 ©GISdevelopment.net, All rights reserved.
Map Asia 2003
Land Information System
Table no. 1 results of comparison between different land uses in 2002 and 2003
2003
2002 Apple Mixed yard Orcher
Appleyard 31900 5980 Mixed Orcher 0 16055
Vine yard
Grove
Grass Land Under land Lecern Rest Onion
55
0
75
0
0
1035
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
39048
4.78
0
0
465
2205
0
3080
0
0
815
0
0
0
0
22620
2.74
Corn
Tomato Potato
Wheat Settlement Industrial River Total( Percent
Vineyard
0
0
137100
4690
1090
695
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
143575
17.43
Grove Grass land
0
0
310
49255
7475
0
80
1485
3325
0
0
0
0
0
0
61930
7.52
0
0
5625
7355
37600
0
1700
21220
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
73500
8.93
Lecern Land Under Rest
0
0
0
465
85
12570
0
4320
0
1860
0
0
0
0
0
19300
2.34
0
0
730
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
730
0.09
Onion
0
1390
8515
4605
23180
3935
18050
129740
5985
3720
0
9910
0
0
0
209030
25.39
Corn
0
0
0
0
5080
0
0
0
0
1060
0
0
0
0
0
6140
0.75
Tomato
0
0
0
0
0
1005
0
0
0
2435
0
0
0
0
0
3440
0.42
Potato
0
0
0
2160
0
0
0
4705
1535
0
0
0
0
0
0
8400
1.02
Wheat Settlemen ts
0
0
495
15240
8705
3640
14715
28045
4650
320
2580
30050
0
0
0
108440
13.17
0
0
5015
0
2715
0
0
85
85
0
0
0
34805
0
0
42705
5.19
Industrial
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
370
0
0
0
0
0
1850
0
2220
0.27
River
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
82320 82320
10.00
24050
34545
194085
15580
9395
3395
39960
34805
1853
82320 823398
2.92
4.20
23.57
1.89
1.14
0.41
4.85
4.23
0.23
10.00
Total Percent
31900 23425 158745 83770 86470 3.87
2.84
19.17
10.17
10.50
The table of land use changes clearly reflects that only 40% of occurred changes belong to alternate cropping. The remaining 60% is related to other land uses. Such changes occur in rural area every year due to lack of a valid policy in concern with land use changes. Therefore some drastic measurements are needed to control the situation; otherwise agriculture lands are going to change to other useless land uses in long term.
Conclusion and suggestion: The results of present research disclosed that agriculture lands are due to annual changes. Precise updated maps are required to study and monitor all these changes. Therefore highresolution satellite data as Ikonos and Quick Bird are needed to monitor the trend of changes. It will be time consuming and expensive if such study is conducted in small scale. Besides a continuous monitoring possibility satellite imageries will also reduce the time as well as expenses in these types of studies. Besides that land Information systems (LIS) is needed for better management of agriculture lands in rural area.
Map Asia Conference 2003 ©GISdevelopment.net, All rights reserved.
100.00
Map Asia 2003
Land Information System
Reference 1)
2)
3) 4) 5)
A.A. peyvandi, and M.Delavar “Evaluation of currency of urban cadastral maps using integration of remote sensing and GIS”. Proceedings of Geomatic 80. Page 27 to 38, NCC, Iran (2001). M.Ahadnejad “The assessment and monitoring land use change detection with use of multitemproal satellite imagery and GIS”, Thesis of Master degree, Tarbiat Modaress University, Tehran, Iran (2000). M.pourkamal “An introduction to cadastre and its dimensions “, Tehran GIS center, (1996). R. yosefi “Digital Cadastre “NCC, Iran (1997). Piotr Cichocinski “ Digital cadastral map in land information systems” , The Journal of European research libraries, vol.9(1999),No2
Map Asia Conference 2003 ©GISdevelopment.net, All rights reserved.
Land Information System
Evaluation and Monitoring Annually Changes of Agricultural Cadastre Map Using GIS Techniques A case study in khosheh Mehre agricultural lands, Eastern Azerbaijan, Northwestern Iran By M. Ahadnejad-e-Reveshti Zanjan University Email: [email protected] Telephone Office: 0098-241-5152405 Fox: 0098-241-5283100 Abstract: Agricultural cadastre maps of 1:5000 scales in Iran are prepared for land information, ownership, land use evaluates or kind taxes propose. Such maps may help to governmental organization to managements for agricultural land in rural regions. One of the most important points concerned with these maps are changes occurred on them, due to time changes. Agricultural land is due to different changes in terms of crop types, operation types, area, as well as ownership. During the present research different aspects of changes with use of GIS studied in Khusheh Mehr agricultural land in East Azerbaijan province in northern part of Iran within 2002 – 2003 crop calendars. Introduction: Global environment is a dynamic feature influenced by natural phenomena as well as human activities. Industrial development considerably accelerates the rate and speed of such changes. Agriculture lands are due to significant changes in different aspects. Land use changes are the result of several factors. Population increase requires more need for food thus more lands are needed to go under cultivation. Land use changes are influenced by several factors and some complicated processes are involved in this concern. Dividing agriculture lands into small sizes according to Islamic heritage law, urban and industrial development or any other improper land use changes are all factors which may affect the case. Updated cadastre maps are needed to show these changes particularly in rural area for efficient management of agriculture lands. Cadastre maps as well as its application have already been discussed, but temporal changes of different land use have not yet been considered. The present study focused on annual changes of cadastre maps from several points of view. Study area: Study area ( Khosheh Mehr Village ) occupies an area of about 455 hectares in Eastern Azerbaijan, around the city of Bonab and lies between northern latitude of 37 18 17 - 37 19 46 and eastern longitude of 46 8 11 -46 10 47 . The area is completely a flat land overlies Sofi River alluvial deposits. The main reason for such study in this area is considerable changes occurred in the area between year2002 and2003.
Map Asia Conference 2003 ©GISdevelopment.net, All rights reserved.
Map Asia 2003
Land Information System
Material and methods: Aerial photo of 1:10000 scale were used to prepare cadastral maps in the area. First of all the photos were transformed and interpreted. Then attributes for different land segments were assigned using ground truth field data. Finally GIS based database were created and also the prepared maps were updated through fieldwork. Consequently overall changes were evaluated using cross tabulation method. The following chart shows major steps of the research.
Aerial photo transformation and Interpretation for prepared 1:5000 map Fieldwork (Attribute collection)
Owner Name
Area
Land Use
Irrigations Method
Data base creation for 2002 and 2003 crop calendars Change evaluation
Owner Change
Land Use Change
Changes of Geometry
Fig 1: Flow chart showing the major steps of research Evaluation and assessment of changes: Different kinds of changes in terms of geometric as well as non-geometric changes (attribute) were evaluated considering the aim of study from the following point of view: 1) Changes occurred in shape and number of land parcels The results of study revealed that the number of agricultural land parcels have been increased from 349 in 2002 to 406 in 2003. Also the average areas of parcels have changed from 8666 in to 9876 within this period. The main reason for such a change may be seeked in two factors. The first is the Islamic heritage law in our country that results to splitting of land parcels into small sizes after a few generations. The small size land parcels are less valued from agriculture point of view. The other reason is the poverty in rural area that makes the people to sell part of their lands to compensate their living expenses.
Map Asia Conference 2003 ©GISdevelopment.net, All rights reserved.
Map Asia 2003
Land Information System
Map 1 shows distribution of agricultural lands, which were changed in shape and size within year 2002-2003.
Distribution of Change in Segment Shape in khusheh Mehr Agriculture Land 601000
601500
602000
602500
603000
603500
604000
604500
4132000
4132000
4131500
4131500
4131000
4131000
4130500
4130500
4130000
4130000
4129500
4129500
LEGENED No Change Change N W
601000
601500
602000
0.2
0
0.2
602500
0.4
0.6
603000
0.8
1
603500
604000
604500
1.2 Kilometers
E S
Provided By : Mohsen Ahadnejad
Map 1 shows distribution of agricultural lands that were changed in shape and size within year 2002-2003. 2) Ownership changes: The comparison of ownership data reveals that 75 pieces of land parcels from 406 agriculture lands have been changed within this period. The major reason for these changes is unregistered deals made by the local farmers. Map number 2 shows the distribution of the changes occurred in the farmlands. With comparison of this map and the map number 1 it may be concluded that ownership changes has a high as well as direct relation with changes of farm land shape so that most changes have been occurred among the neighboring parcels.
Map Asia Conference 2003 ©GISdevelopment.net, All rights reserved.
Map Asia 2003
Land Information System
Distribution of Change in Segments Owner in khusheh Mehr Agriculture Land 601000
601500
602000
602500
603000
603500
604000
604500
4132000
4132000
4131500
4131500
4131000
4131000
4130500
4130500
4130000
4130000
4129500
4129500
LEGENED No Change Change N W
E S
601000
601500
602000
0.3
0
602500
0.3
603000
0.6
0.9
603500
604000
604500
Provi ded By : Mohsen Ahadnejad
1.2 Kilo met ers
Map no 1: distribution of farmlands that their ownership has Been changed during year 2002 – 2003 3) Land use changes Land use changes are one of those cases that may be occurred through human activities as well as natural phenomena. Some of the annual changes are related to alternate cropping patterns. Another factor is related to changing farmland to other uses such as orchard or settlement and industrial sites. These changes usually occur very gradually. Maps number 3 and 4 show distribution of present land uses in the area. Assessment of land use maps using cross tab method show that about 8233 hectares of total land have been changed within one year. This change is about 18 percent of the whole area. Map number 5 shows distribution of changed area during 2002-2003.
Map Asia Conference 2003 ©GISdevelopment.net, All rights reserved.
Map Asia 2003
Land Information System
Land Use Map of Kusheh Mehr Agriculture La nd i n Crop Calendar (2002) 601000
601500
602000
602500
603000
603500
604000
604500
4132000
4132000
4131500
4131500
4131000
4131000
4130500
4130500
LE GENED Apple Corn Grassl and Grove I ndustrial Land under Rest Lucern Mixed Orcher Oni on Potato River Settlements Tomato Vineyard Wheat
Map no. 3: land use map of the study area in year 2002 4130000
4130000
4129500
4129500
N W
E S
601000
601500
0.3
602000 0
0.3
602500 0.6
603000 603500 0.9 1.2 Kil o meter s
604000
604500
Provi de d By : Mohsen Ah adn ej ad
Land Use Map of Kusheh Mehr Agricult ure L and in Crop Calendar (2003) 601000
601500
602000
602500
603000
603500
604000
604500
4132000
4132000
4131500
4131500
4131000
4131000
Map no.4: land use map of the study area in year 2003 4130500
4130500
4130000
4130000
4129500
4129500
Map Asia Conference 2003 ©GISdevelopment.net, All rights reserved.
L E G E N ED Appl e Cor n Gr a ssl a n d Gr o ve I n d ust ri al La nd Un d er R e st Le cer n Mi xe d Or ch er Oni o n Pot at o Ri ver Settl e m ent s To mat o Vi n ey ar d Wh e at N
Map Asia 2003
Land Information System
Land Use Change Map of Kusheh Mehr Agriculture Land in Crop Calendars (2002 - 2003) 601000
601500
602000
602500
603000
603500
604000
604500
4132000
4132000
4131500
4131500
4131000
4131000
4130500
4130500
4130000
4130000
4129500
4129500
LEGENED No Change Chage N W
E S
Provi de d By : Moh s en Ah adn ej ad Map601000no. 5:601500 Distribution of changed land 602000 602500 603000 603500 uses 604000within 6045002002- 2003 300
0
300
600
900
1200 Met ers
Different changes are categorized into following groups for better definition: •
Changes in concern with alternate cropping: Such changes occur in the area due to annual cropping pattern. The area of this change type is about 29.69 hectares. • Changes related to orchard: This type of changes occupies about 21.31 hectares which occurred due to changing of agricultural land as well as rangeland to orchard. • Changes related to rang land and woodland: around 19.4 hectares of woodland have been changed to agricultural land and orchard. • Changes in relation to urban development: According to the results of present study about 3.66 hectares of the area belongs to this class that is occurred due to settlement and industries in the area. This class is mainly the result of changes occurred in orchards. Table no.1 compares different land use in 2002 and 2003.
Map Asia Conference 2003 ©GISdevelopment.net, All rights reserved.
Map Asia 2003
Land Information System
Table no. 1 results of comparison between different land uses in 2002 and 2003
2003
2002 Apple Mixed yard Orcher
Appleyard 31900 5980 Mixed Orcher 0 16055
Vine yard
Grove
Grass Land Under land Lecern Rest Onion
55
0
75
0
0
1035
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
39048
4.78
0
0
465
2205
0
3080
0
0
815
0
0
0
0
22620
2.74
Corn
Tomato Potato
Wheat Settlement Industrial River Total( Percent
Vineyard
0
0
137100
4690
1090
695
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
143575
17.43
Grove Grass land
0
0
310
49255
7475
0
80
1485
3325
0
0
0
0
0
0
61930
7.52
0
0
5625
7355
37600
0
1700
21220
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
73500
8.93
Lecern Land Under Rest
0
0
0
465
85
12570
0
4320
0
1860
0
0
0
0
0
19300
2.34
0
0
730
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
730
0.09
Onion
0
1390
8515
4605
23180
3935
18050
129740
5985
3720
0
9910
0
0
0
209030
25.39
Corn
0
0
0
0
5080
0
0
0
0
1060
0
0
0
0
0
6140
0.75
Tomato
0
0
0
0
0
1005
0
0
0
2435
0
0
0
0
0
3440
0.42
Potato
0
0
0
2160
0
0
0
4705
1535
0
0
0
0
0
0
8400
1.02
Wheat Settlemen ts
0
0
495
15240
8705
3640
14715
28045
4650
320
2580
30050
0
0
0
108440
13.17
0
0
5015
0
2715
0
0
85
85
0
0
0
34805
0
0
42705
5.19
Industrial
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
370
0
0
0
0
0
1850
0
2220
0.27
River
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
82320 82320
10.00
24050
34545
194085
15580
9395
3395
39960
34805
1853
82320 823398
2.92
4.20
23.57
1.89
1.14
0.41
4.85
4.23
0.23
10.00
Total Percent
31900 23425 158745 83770 86470 3.87
2.84
19.17
10.17
10.50
The table of land use changes clearly reflects that only 40% of occurred changes belong to alternate cropping. The remaining 60% is related to other land uses. Such changes occur in rural area every year due to lack of a valid policy in concern with land use changes. Therefore some drastic measurements are needed to control the situation; otherwise agriculture lands are going to change to other useless land uses in long term.
Conclusion and suggestion: The results of present research disclosed that agriculture lands are due to annual changes. Precise updated maps are required to study and monitor all these changes. Therefore highresolution satellite data as Ikonos and Quick Bird are needed to monitor the trend of changes. It will be time consuming and expensive if such study is conducted in small scale. Besides a continuous monitoring possibility satellite imageries will also reduce the time as well as expenses in these types of studies. Besides that land Information systems (LIS) is needed for better management of agriculture lands in rural area.
Map Asia Conference 2003 ©GISdevelopment.net, All rights reserved.
100.00
Map Asia 2003
Land Information System
Reference 1)
2)
3) 4) 5)
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