MONEY DEMAND AND MONEY SUPPL
GROUP MEMBER Muhammad Bunyad Ali Maryam Ejaz Annum Fatima Khurram Raza Muhammad Ibrahim QuratulAin Nasir Adeena Adnan
Introduction: v vOur major topic deals with Interest Rate Determination and the Transmission Mechanism in Pakistan from 2000 to 2006. v vThe value of money balances that the public wishes to hold is called the demand for money. It is a stock measured in Pakistan as so many billions of rupees. v v vIn economics, money supply or money stock is the total amount of money available in an economy at a particular period of time. v v vMonetary Equilibrium occurs when the rate of interest is such that the demand of money equals its supply. v
Interest Rate Determination: vThe interest rate is determined where money demand equals money supply. v vIf the interest rate is i1, there will be an excess demand for money of M0M1. v vThe supply of bonds will increase in an attempt to decrease money demand. v vThis will force the rate of interest up to i0, at which point the quantity of money demanded is equal to the fixed available quantity, Mo and vise versa. v
The Transmission Mechanism:
The mechanism by which changes in demand for and supply of money affect aggregate demand is called the Transmission Mechanism. If there is expansionary monetary policy, an increase in the supply of money, with an unchanged money demand function, leads to excess supply of money at the original interest rate. As we have seen, an excess supply of money will cause the interest rate to fall. So we have a new equilibrium at E1. Secondly, other things equal a fall in the interest rate makes borrowing cheaper and generates new investment expenditure.
The Effects of Changes in the Money Supply on Investment Expenditure
vThirdly, due to a positive change in the desired expenditure , the AE curve shifts upwards . v vDue to this change in the real national income, the AD curve shifts outwards at the same price level.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
As we were unable to find complete data over the period of 2000 to 2006, so in Pakistan we have neither seen an expansionary nor a contractionary monetary policy from the years 2000 to 2006 because an increase in the money supply growth from 18.02% in 2000 to 25% in 2006, with an unchanged money demand function, leads to excess supply of money at the original interest rate i.e. 6.52%. As per the theory, an excess supply of money will cause the interest rate to fall but this is not the case with Pakistan as the interest rates have further risen to 13.5% in 2006. However, we observed from the performance of the economy, an expansionary monetary policy during the regime of Shoukat Aziz i.e. from 2004 to 2005. Therefore, we conclude that according to theory an increase in the money supply leads to a fall in the interest rates but in Pakistan we observe the opposite case. Our recommendations would be to reduce the interest rates when the money supply increases so that the Net Income of the country rises
Data Avaliable: years
interest rate 6.52
money supply 18.02
GDP
2000
money demand 9.4
2001
10.3
9.77
19.3
4209873
2002
9.5
…..
….
4452654
2003
16
…..
….
4875648
2004
11
….
…..
5640580
2005
14.5
10.5
19.62
6499782
2006
12.8
13.5
25
6499782
3826112
o y k n a h T
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