Module Iii Students Copy 2

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009 

BAHAGIAN SEKOLAH BERASRAMA PENUH DAN SEKOLAH KLUSTER KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

PERFECT  SCORE  BIOLOGY 

 

2009

MODUL III

PAPER 3  QUESTION 1 

Student’s Copy DISEDIAKAN OLEH: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Puan Hasimah binti Azit – Sekolah Seri Puteri, Cyberjaya Puan Natrah binti Mohamad – SMA Persekutuan Kajang Puan Mardiana binti Yusof – SMS Hulu Selangor Puan Sarah Safarina binti Sabri- Kolej Islam Sultan Alam Shah Puan Kamariah binti Zailan – SMA Persekutuan Labu Puan Siti Asma binti Razali – Kolej Islam Klang Puan Noorsyamsinar binti Kasim- SM Sains Selangor

1

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009  Answer all questions. 1. A group of students carried out an experiment to study the effect of temperature to rate of plant transpiration. Diagram 1(a) shows an experiment set-up of the apparatus used in this experiment. The apparatus are prepared and kept in laboratory with difference temperature. The whole experiment in Diagram 1 was repeated using different temperature.

Diagram 1 (b) shows the position of the meniscus at the initial of the experiment. Two points, P and Q are mark with 10 cm distance at the tube of potometer. Table 1.1 shows the reading of temperature and location of meniscus in the tube of potometers after 5 minutes.

The location of meniscus in tube (X) of potometer

2

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009  Thermometers

after 5 minutes

Table 1.1

Table 1.1 (a) (i)

Based on table 1.1 state two observations on the relationship between the temperature and meniscus.

3

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009  1. ……………………........................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................... 2. ....................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................ [3 marks] (ii) State the inference which corresponds to the observations in 1 (a)(i) 1. ................................................................................................................................................. ...................................................................................................................................................... 2. ................................................................................................................................................. ........................................................................................................................................................ [3 marks] (b) Complete the Table 1.1 by recording the temperature and the final position of meniscus. [3 marks] (c) (i) Complete the Table 1.2 base on the experiment that was carried out.

Variables

Method to handle the variable

Manipulated variable ....................................................... .......................................................

....................................................... .......................................................

Responding variable ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... Controls variable ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... [3 marks]

Table 1.2 (ii) The following list is part of the apparatus and material used in this experiment. Thermometer, stop watch, ruler, capillary tube, plant leaves, water

4

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009  Complete Table 1.3 by matching each variable with the apparatus and material used in this experiment. Variable

Apparatus

material

Manipulated Responding Controlled [3 marks]

Table 1.3 (d) State the hypothesis for this experiment. ..................................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................................... [3 marks] (e) (i) Base on the Table 1.1, construct the table and record the results of this experiment which includes following aspect: • • •

Temperature (oC) The distance of meniscus movement (cm) Rate of transpiration (cm/minute)

[3 marks]

(ii) On the graph paper, draw the graph of rate of transpiration against the temperature. [3 marks]

5

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009 

(iii) Explain the relationship between the rate of transpiration and the temperature based on the graph. .......................................................................................................................................................................

6

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009  ....................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................... [3 marks] (f) Based on the experiment, what can you deduce about the transpiration? ........................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................ [3 marks] (g) In another experiment, the apparatus is located under the sun shine. Predict the observation and explain the results of the experiment. ..................................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................................... [3 marks]

Question 2: An experiment was done to study the effect of pH on the activity of amylase. Three test tubes labelled P, Q and R are filled with 10ml of amylase and later filled with 40ml distilled water, 40ml hydrochloric acid and 40ml sodium bicarbonate respectively.

7

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009  The 50ml of starch suspension was put into each test tube and the contents were stirred. Every two minutes a drop of the mixture from each test tube was dropped into a drop of iodine solution on a white tile. Changes in colour of iodine are observed. The figure shows the set of apparatus of the experiment.

(a) (i)

State the observations that can be made from the experiment. 1. ………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………..

8

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009  2. ………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………….

[3 marks] (ii)

State the inferences for the observations made. 1.

………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………..

2. ………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………. [3 marks] b)

Record the time taken when the iodine solution stopped changing colour in the boxes provided. [3 marks]

c)

Complete the table below. Variable Manipulated variable ………………………………..

Particulars to be implemented How to alter the manipulated variable? …………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………..

Responding variable ………………………………..

How to determine the responding variable? . …………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………..

Constant variable . ………………………………..

How to maintain the constant variable? …………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………..

(3 marks)

e)

State the hypothesis for this experiment. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………..…………………………………………………………….. [3 marks]

9

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009  f)

Based on the results of the experiment, record the results in a table

[3 marks

g)

What is the optimum pH for the activity of amylase? Give reasons for your answer. …………………………………………..……………………………………………………………. ………………………………………….……………………………………………………………..

h)

[3 marks] Explain the relationship between the time taken for change in colour of iodine from yellowish brown to blue black and different pH medium. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………..………………….…………………………………………………………….. ……………………..……………………………………………………………………………….. [3 marks]

i)

Predict the time taken for change in colour of iodine from yellowish brown to blue black if 40ml of amylase is used in boiling tube P. Explain your answer. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………..……………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. [3 marks]

j)

Based on the result of the experiment, define what an enzyme is. ………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………..

10

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009  ……………………………………………………………………………….. [3 marks] k)

From your biological knowledge, match the substrate with the enzymes below: Protein, amylase, trypsin, maltose, starch, maltase, pepsin. . ………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………….. [3 marks]

Question 3: A group of students carried out an experiment to study the inheritance of the colour of flowers in a plant. The colour of flower is controlled by single pair of alleles, red and white. The students used red and white button to represents the alleles for red and white flowers. Two black plastic bag, A and B, each containing a mixture of 50 red buttons and 50 white buttons were used to illustrate the cross.

11

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009  The students carried out the experiment as follows: Step 1: One button was drawn at random from each bag. Step 2: The colour of the button was noted and recorded in a table. Step 3: The buttons were returned to their respective bags. Step 4: The bags A and B were shaken to mix up the button randomly. Step 5: Step 1 to 4 were repeated until a total of 20 times.

12

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009  (a) (i) State two observations from the experiment based on the results shown in Table 1.1 [3 marks] 1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) State one inference from each observation in 1(a)(i) [3 marks] 1.

………………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2.

………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) Complete table 1.2 based on the experiment that was carried out. Variable

Method to handle the variable

Manipulated variable: ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………. Responding variable: ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………. Controlled variable: ………………………………………………………………………… ………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………….

[3 marks] (c) State the hypothesis for the experiment.

[3 marks]

……………………………….……………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (d) (i)If the allele for red flowers ( R) is dominant to the allele for white flower (r) , write down genotypes of all the draws in the table 1.1 using the letter R and r. [3 marks]

the

13

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009  (ii) Determine and write down the phenotype of each draw in table 1.1 From the results in table 1.1, calculate the ratio of the phenotypes obtained from the experiment. [3 marks] …………………………………………………………….………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(e) Explain the results obtained in 1(d)(ii) by using a genetic diagram.

[3 marks]

(f) State the effect of the number of draws on the result obtained.

[3 marks]

…………………………………………………………….………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. (g) Based on the experiment on the inheritance of the colours of flowers that the students had done, define Mendel’s First Law of inheritance. [3 marks] …………………………………………………………….………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. (h) The experiment is repeated by increasing the numbers of red and white buttons from 50 to 100 in each bag. Predict the ratio of the phenotypes that you would obtain. [3 marks] …………………………………………………………….………………………………………….. .………………………………………………………………………………………………………. (i)

Classify the list of materials shown below according to their function in the experiment. [3 marks] Material

Function

14

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009 

Question 5 An experiment is carried out to investigate the content of vitamin C in certain fruit juices. The method of experiment is conducted as follows: 1. Preparation of fruit juices shown in the diagram 5.0 below.

The squashed is filtered to obtain the juice.

Fruit is squashed

Diagram 5.0

Fruit juices

DIAGRAM 3.0

2. 3. 4.

The steps is repeated for pineapple and orange juice Standard ascorbic acid is used to decolorize the DCPIP as shown in the diagram 5.1 The experiment is repeated by using lime and pineapple juices. The result shown in the Diagram 5.2

Volume of ascorbic acid 0.1% used: 5 ml syringe

Ascorbic acid 0.1%

15 1 ml DCPIP 0.1% (dark blue)

Colourless

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009 

Diagram 5.2 shows the result of an experiment. Fruit juice

Before Experiment

After Experiment

Volume of fruit juice is used to decolorize DCPIP solution / ml

Lime juice

16

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009 

Pineapple juice

(a)

(i)

Based on Table 1.0, state two observations from the experiment. [3 marks] 1. .................................................................................................................................. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii)

State the inferences for each of the observation in 1(a)(i) [3 marks] Observation 1: .................................................................................................................................. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Observation 2: .................................................................................................................................. ………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b)

Complete Table 3.0 by recording the volume of fruit juices needed to decolourise DCPIP solution. [3 marks] Type of fruit juices

Volume of fruit juice required to decolourise DCPIP solution (ml).

Lime juice Pineapple juice Orange juice

17

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009 

(c)(i)

Complete Table 2 based on this experiment. Variable

Method to handle the variable

Manipulated variable ……………………………………………… …………………………. ……………………………………………… . Responding variable ……………………………………………… …………………………. ………………………………………………

Controlled variable ……………………………………………… …………………………. ……………………………………………… [3 marks] (d) State the hypothesis for this experiment. [3 marks] .................................................................................................................................. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………

(e) Concentration of vitamin C in the fruit juices is calculated using formula Concentration of vitamin C = Volume of ascorbic acid used to decolourise DCPIP solution / volume of fruit juice used to decolourise DCPIP solution x 1.0 mg / dm3. Construct a table and record the results of the experiment which includes the following aspects: Type of fruit juices Volume of fruit juices required to decolourise DCPIP solution. Concentration of vitamin C [3 marks]

18

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009 

(f) Explain the relationship between the volume of fruit juice required to decolourise DCPIP solution and the concentration of vitamin. [3 marks] .................................................................................................................................. …………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………..

(g) The following lists are some of the apparatus and material used in this experiment.

Syringe 5.0 ml, watermelon juice, specimen tube, DCPIP solution, 0.1 % ascorbic acid solution, scalpel.

Categorise apparatus and materials used in this experiment. [3 marks]

(h) (i) If lime juice is exposed to the air for several hours, predict the volume of lime juice required to decolourise DCPIP solution. [3 marks] ............................................................................................................................................

19

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009  ………………………………..…………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… . (ii) explain the relationship between volume of lime juice required to decolourise DCPIP solution and the time based on (h)(i). [3 marks] ............................................................................................................................................ ……………………………..……………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. (i) Based on this experiment, define vitamin C operationally. [3 marks] .................................................................................................................................. ………………………………………………………………………………………………

Question 6 : A group of students carried out an experiment to determine the concentration of external solution which is isotonic to the cell sap of a plant. Figure1.1 shows the set up of apparatus for this experiment. By using a cork borer, a cylindrical potato strip was obtained. The potato strip was cut into 5 cm long. After 30 minutes , the potato strip is measured again and the final length of potato strip is recorded. The measurement of potato strip is shown in figure 1.2. The experiment in figure1.1 was repeated by using different concentration of sucrose solutions.

0.0% Sucrose solution

Potato strip (initial length – 5cm)

Figure 1.1

Potato strip

Ruler 20

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009 

Final length of potato strip is: 5.8 cm Figure 1.2

21

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009  Table 1.1 shows the results of the experiment. Concentr ation of sucrose solution (%)

Potato strips after being immersed in solution

Final length of potato strip (cm)

0.5

5%

10%

15%

TABLE 1.1

(a)

Measure and record the length of potato strips and complete the table 1.1.

22

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009  (b) (i) Based on Table 1.1 state two observations that can be made from the experiment concerning the length of cylindrical potato strips. ............................................................................................................................................ ………………………………..…………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… .

[ 3 marks] (ii)

State the inference which corresponds to the observation in 1(b)(i).

............................................................................................................................................ ………………………………..…………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

[ 3 marks]

c)

Complete Table 1.2 based on this experiment. State the type of variable of the experiment and method to handle the variable.

Variable

Method to handle the variable

Manipulated variable

Responding variable

Controlled variable

[ 3 marks] Table 1.2

23

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009  (d) State the hypothesis for this experiment. ............................................................................................................................................ ………………………………..…………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… [ 3 marks] (e) (i) Based on table 1.1 construct a table and record the results of the experiment which includes the following aspects: o o o o

concentration of sucrose solutions initial length final length percentage change in length of potato strips [3 marks]

Aspect

Concentration of sucrose solutions (%) 0

0.5

5

10

15

Initial length/cm Final length/cm Change in length/cm Percentage change in length/%

24

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009  (ii) On the graph paper provided, draw the graph of the percentage change in length of the potato strips against the concentration of the sucrose solutions . [ 3 marks]

(iii) Based on the graph in (d )(ii), state the concentration of the sucrose solution which is

25

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009  isotonic to the concentration of the cell sap of the potato strip. Explain your answer. ............................................................................................................................................ ………………………………..…………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

[ 3 marks] (f)

Based on this experiment, what can you deduce about osmosis ?

............................................................................................................................................ ………………………………..…………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… [ 3 marks] (g)

The potato strip that was immersed in 15% sucrose solution is wipe dry and immerse into the 0.2% sucrose solution. Predict the changes that occur to the strips? ............................................................................................................................................ ………………………………..…………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… [ 3 marks]

(h)

Classify the various sucrose concentrations used in this experiment by comparing with the osmotic concentration of the cell sap. Sucrose concentrations (%)

Types of sucrose solution compared to the osmotic concentration of cell sap

[ 3 marks]

Question 7

26

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009  An experiment is carried out to investigate the effect of environmental factor on the activity of yeast. Yeast reacts with sucrose solution to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide gas. The apparatus as shown in Diagram 1.1 is set up. 1cm3 of 1% yeast suspension is transferred using a pipette into a boiling tube P containing 5 cm3 of 1% sucrose solution. The initial level of the coloured liquid in the U tube is set at 0.0 mm. After exactly 10 minutes, the level of the coloured liquid is observed as shown in Diagram 1.

Diagram 1.1 The experiment is repeated by using boiling tubes Q, R and S fill with same volume of sucrose solution. The concentrations of solution used are 2%, 3% and 4% .

27

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009  The changes of the coloured liquid levels in the U-tube are shown in Diagram 1.2

Boiling tube P (1%)

25.0 mm

Level of coloured liquid Boiling tube Q (2%) Boiling tube R (3%)

35.0mm

45.0mm Diagram 1.2

(a) (i)

Boiling tube S (4%)

55.0mm (3 marks)

Based on the results in Diagram 1.1 and 1.2 , state two observations that can be made from the experiment. ............................................................................................................................................ ………………………………..…………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

[ 3 marks] (a) (ii)

Write down an inference for each of the observations in (a). ............................................................................................................................................ ………………………………..…………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

[ 3 marks] (c)

Record the levels of the coloured liquid in the U-tubes in the spaces provided in Diagram 1.2. [3 marks]

28

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009  (d) (i) Complete Table 1.1 based on this experiment

Variable

Method to handle the variable

Manipulated variable

Responding variable

Controlled variable

Table 1.1

[ 3 marks]

(ii). The following list of apparatus and materials are used in this experiment. Pipette, 1% yeast solution, scale, coloured liquid, 2% to 5% sucrose solution. Complete the table 1.2 below by matching each variables with the materials used in this experiment Variables

Apparatus

Materials

Manipulated Responding Constant [ 3 marks] Table 1.2 (e)

State the hypothesis for the experiment ? ............................................................................................................................................ ………………………………..…………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

[ 3 marks] (f) (i)

The volume of the carbon dioxide produced by the yeast in the boiling tube can be calculated using the following formula:

The volume of the carbon dioxide produced (ml) = The cross-section of the glass tube (mm2) X the distance travelled by the coloured liquid (mm)

29

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009  The volume of carbon dioxide produced (mm3) The rate of carbon dioxide produced = --------------------------------------------------------------------Time taken for the coloured liquid to travel (s) Based on Figure 2, record the results of this experiment obtained in (c) in a table, given that the cross section of the glass tube is 3 mm2. Your table should include the following aspects: • The concentration of the sucrose solution • The distance travelled by the coloured liquid • The rate of carbon dioxide produced (3 marks)

30

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009  (ii)

From the table in (f) (i) above, draw a graph of the concentration of the sucrose solution against the rate of carbon dioxide produced.

[ 3 marks]

31

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009 

(g) From the table you have drawn in (f) above, explain the relationship between the concentration of sucrose solution, the height of the coloured liquid and the rate of carbon dioxide produced by the yeast. ............................................................................................................................................ ………………………………..…………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

[ 3 marks]

(h)

From the experiment, what can be deduced about fermentation of yeast ?

............................................................................................................................................ ………………………………..…………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

[ 3 marks] (i)

If the sucrose solution concentration is increased to 6%, predict the rate of carbon dioxide produced by the yeast in 10 minutes. ............................................................................................................................................ ………………………………..…………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

[ 3 marks]

Question 8

32

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009  An experiment is carried out to investigate the pollution level of a river in W district.

orchard

Housing area

R

Food factory

Q

P

Figure 1.1 Three samples of water are collected from the three location respectively, and named water sample P, water sample Q and water sample R. The samples are brought to the school lab and tests are conducted. First, 100ml of the water sample P is measured using a measuring cylinder and poured into a clean reagent bottle. 1ml of 0.1% methylene blue solution is added into the water sample using a syringe. The mixture is stirred carefully with the needle of the syringe. The reagent bottle is closed quickly and kept in a dark cupboard (Figure 1.2). The stop watch is started (Table 1.1) and the colour of the solution is observed from time to time to determine the time taken for the 0.1% methylene blue solution to decolourise.

Figure 1.2

The above steps are repeated with water sample Q and water sample R. The time taken for the solution to decolourise is recorded in table 1.1.

33

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009  Water sample location

Treatment

Time shown on the stop watch when the methylene blue solution decolourises

Time taken (min)

P

Q

R

Table 1.1

(a) (i)

Based on the results in Table 1.1, state two observations for the experiment. ............................................................................................................................................ ………………………………..……………………………………………………………………

34

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009  ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

(3 marks) (ii)

Write down an inference for each of the observations in (a). ............................................................................................................................................ ………………………………..…………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

(3 marks) (b)

Record the time taken for the decolourisation of 0.1% methylene blue solution in the spaces provided in Table 1.1. (3 marks)

(c) Complete Table 2.1 based on this experiment Variable

Method to handle the variable

Manipulated variable

Responding variable

Controlled variable

Table 2.1

(3 marks)

35

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009  (d)

The following list of apparatus and materials are used in this experiment. 0.1% methylene blue solution, water samples, stop watch, syringe, reagent bottle, measuring cylinder, Complete the table 1.4 below by matching each variables with the materials used in this experiment Variables

Apparatus

Materials

Manipulated

Responding

Constant (3 marks)

e. State the hypothesis for the experiment ? ............................................................................................................................................ ………………………………..…………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

(3 marks) f.

Based on Table 1.1, record the results of this experiment obtained in (c) in a table. Your table should include the following aspects: -

The water sample The time taken for the 0.1% methylene blue to decolourise The BOD level of the water samples. (3 marks)

(g)

From the table you have drawn in (f) above, explain the relationship between the location from orchard area and time taken for the decolourisation of 0.1% methylene blue solution and the B.O.D. level of the water sample.

............................................................................................................................................ ………………………………..…………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

(3 marks)

36

PERFECT SCORE BIOLOGY  2009  g. From the experiment, what can be deduced about B.O.D. level of water samples ?

............................................................................................................................................ ………………………………..…………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

(3 marks)

h. If the number of houses in housing area increase predict the time taken and the level of B.O.D. for water in location Q.

............................................................................................................................................ ………………………………..…………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

(3 marks)

END

37