Module 2.1 - Basic Flow Assurance.pdf
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SSIC Module 2.1 Basic Flow Assurance Principles
Subsea Systems Integration Course
Module Objective
• Objective: To introduce flow assurance as a discipline and briefly describe flow assurance problems found in many projects.
• At the end of this session you will be able to: o Describe common flow assurance problems
Subsea Systems Integration Course
What is Flow Assurance? • Basic Definition of Flow Assurance – Keeping the Flow Path Open • Key Roles •Develop strategies to optimize production •Develop strategies to control accumulation of solids that can block the flow path & to remove solids if they become a problem •Translate flow assurance strategies into required functionality for system design, Operability strategies, and requirements for chemical injection •Provide solutions for other problems related to flow and/or produced fluid chemistry (e.g., corrosion, erosion, emulsions, foaming) •Scope – The flow assurance scope is typically from the perforations to the host
Subsea Systems Integration Course
FA Role: Optimize Production
• Generate thermal-hydraulic models of the system(s) and determine the best choices for optimizing production • Line sizing • Number of lines required • Evaluate and recommend methods for production enhancement • Gas Lift – riser base • Subsea boosting • Recommend solutions for flow “problems” such as slugging, viscous flow, and others Subsea Systems Integration Course
Slugging Control Dril-Quip S3 Installation – Penguin Tie-in, Gannet Platform
Photo courtesy Ian Wood
Subsea Systems Integration Course
FA Role: Develop Strategies to Manage Solids Why Do Solids Form? Due to change in conditions from reservoir to host Types of Solids to Manage: • Hydrates – Gas stabilized solid form of water similar to “ice”. Drivers: T, P, wc, oc • Wax – Solid paraffin deposits from oil. Drivers: T, OC, p • Asphaltenes – Solids components of black oils. Drivers: OC, P, t • Ice – Ice can form in subsea systems with T < 0oC. Drivers: T, wc • Scale – Inorganic solids formed from produced water. Drivers: T, WC, p
T,t-temperature, P,p-pressure, OC, oc-Oil composition, WC, wc – water composition
Subsea Systems Integration Course
Hydrates
Photo Courtesy SGI-OGUA Hydrate Team
Subsea Systems Integration Course
Wax
Photos courtesy SGSI-OGUA Wax Team
Subsea Systems Integration Course
Asphaltenes and Scale
Photo courtesy M. Mataya, SEPCo & Photo Courtesty Grant Gibson
Subsea Systems Integration Course
FA Role. Define Design & Operating Requirements •
FA Strategies Are Composed of Up to Three Elements •
Design Functionality – ex., insulation, flowlines size, umbilical number & size
•
Operability – procedures carried out by Operations staff. Note: for flow assurance, procedures often must be carried within a given time
•
Chemicals – chemicals often used to control FA problems. Ex., methanol, glycol, inhibitors
•
Strategies are Developed Throughout Project Execution and During Operating Phase
•
Strategies Balance Costs (CAPEX, OPEX), Ease of Operation, Risk vs. Remediation
Subsea Systems Integration Course
FA Role: Manage Other Problems
• FA Engineer’s Scope Often Includes • Corrosion management • Erosion management • Foaming, emulsions – due to fluid chemistry or fluid additives • Well Engineering: Wellbore thermal-hydraulic modeling • Enhanced production – waterfloods, gas lift, boosting • FA Engineer May Also Fill a Systems Engineering Role • Systems-based decision making • Interface management
Subsea Systems Integration Course
Flow Assurance: Interfaces
• Flow Assurance Interfaces With: • Project Systems Engineer • Pipeline Engineer – line sizing, insulation (external, PIP) • Umbilical Engineer – number & types of chemical delivery lines • Tree/Manifold – injection points, erosion calculations • Well Engineer – completion design, hydrate concerns for annulus • Reservoir Engineer – Expected production functions, modeling • Production Chemist – chemical selection, produced fluid chemistry
Subsea Systems Integration Course
Module Objective
• Objective: To introduce flow assurance as a discipline and briefly describe flow assurance problems found in many projects.
• At the end of this session you will be able to: o Describe common flow assurance problems
Subsea Systems Integration Course
Subsea Systems Integration Course
Module Objective
• Objective: To introduce flow assurance as a discipline and briefly describe flow assurance problems found in many projects.
• At the end of this session you will be able to: o Describe common flow assurance problems
Subsea Systems Integration Course
What is Flow Assurance? • Basic Definition of Flow Assurance – Keeping the Flow Path Open • Key Roles •Develop strategies to optimize production •Develop strategies to control accumulation of solids that can block the flow path & to remove solids if they become a problem •Translate flow assurance strategies into required functionality for system design, Operability strategies, and requirements for chemical injection •Provide solutions for other problems related to flow and/or produced fluid chemistry (e.g., corrosion, erosion, emulsions, foaming) •Scope – The flow assurance scope is typically from the perforations to the host
Subsea Systems Integration Course
FA Role: Optimize Production
• Generate thermal-hydraulic models of the system(s) and determine the best choices for optimizing production • Line sizing • Number of lines required • Evaluate and recommend methods for production enhancement • Gas Lift – riser base • Subsea boosting • Recommend solutions for flow “problems” such as slugging, viscous flow, and others Subsea Systems Integration Course
Slugging Control Dril-Quip S3 Installation – Penguin Tie-in, Gannet Platform
Photo courtesy Ian Wood
Subsea Systems Integration Course
FA Role: Develop Strategies to Manage Solids Why Do Solids Form? Due to change in conditions from reservoir to host Types of Solids to Manage: • Hydrates – Gas stabilized solid form of water similar to “ice”. Drivers: T, P, wc, oc • Wax – Solid paraffin deposits from oil. Drivers: T, OC, p • Asphaltenes – Solids components of black oils. Drivers: OC, P, t • Ice – Ice can form in subsea systems with T < 0oC. Drivers: T, wc • Scale – Inorganic solids formed from produced water. Drivers: T, WC, p
T,t-temperature, P,p-pressure, OC, oc-Oil composition, WC, wc – water composition
Subsea Systems Integration Course
Hydrates
Photo Courtesy SGI-OGUA Hydrate Team
Subsea Systems Integration Course
Wax
Photos courtesy SGSI-OGUA Wax Team
Subsea Systems Integration Course
Asphaltenes and Scale
Photo courtesy M. Mataya, SEPCo & Photo Courtesty Grant Gibson
Subsea Systems Integration Course
FA Role. Define Design & Operating Requirements •
FA Strategies Are Composed of Up to Three Elements •
Design Functionality – ex., insulation, flowlines size, umbilical number & size
•
Operability – procedures carried out by Operations staff. Note: for flow assurance, procedures often must be carried within a given time
•
Chemicals – chemicals often used to control FA problems. Ex., methanol, glycol, inhibitors
•
Strategies are Developed Throughout Project Execution and During Operating Phase
•
Strategies Balance Costs (CAPEX, OPEX), Ease of Operation, Risk vs. Remediation
Subsea Systems Integration Course
FA Role: Manage Other Problems
• FA Engineer’s Scope Often Includes • Corrosion management • Erosion management • Foaming, emulsions – due to fluid chemistry or fluid additives • Well Engineering: Wellbore thermal-hydraulic modeling • Enhanced production – waterfloods, gas lift, boosting • FA Engineer May Also Fill a Systems Engineering Role • Systems-based decision making • Interface management
Subsea Systems Integration Course
Flow Assurance: Interfaces
• Flow Assurance Interfaces With: • Project Systems Engineer • Pipeline Engineer – line sizing, insulation (external, PIP) • Umbilical Engineer – number & types of chemical delivery lines • Tree/Manifold – injection points, erosion calculations • Well Engineer – completion design, hydrate concerns for annulus • Reservoir Engineer – Expected production functions, modeling • Production Chemist – chemical selection, produced fluid chemistry
Subsea Systems Integration Course
Module Objective
• Objective: To introduce flow assurance as a discipline and briefly describe flow assurance problems found in many projects.
• At the end of this session you will be able to: o Describe common flow assurance problems
Subsea Systems Integration Course
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