Modern Atomic Modelpreap
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Modern Atomic Model
Atoms • Atoms normally exist in the lowest possible energy state called the ground state. • If an atom gains energy, it is then in an “excited state”. If this energy is lost, light is given off by the atom. • Each element will emit certain frequencies of light based on the locations of the electrons inside the atom.
– These frequencies of light (spectra) can be used to identify the element.
Atoms & Light • Atoms give off distinct line patterns called line-emission spectra.
– The particles of light give off certain colors (frequencies) of light as they fall from excited state orbitals to ground state orbitals.
Electrons • Electrons can act like particles, but they can also act like waves. • Electrons can bend around things (diffraction) & they can interfere with each other. (De Broglie) • This led another scientist (Heisenberg) to conclude that it is impossible to find the position (particle nature) & the velocity (wave nature) of an electron or any other particle at the same time. – Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle – you can measure either position or velocity, but not both at the same time. It is the basis for the modern view of the atom.
Wave Equation • In 1926, Schroedinger developed a wave equation to describe where electrons are in atoms. – It is the basis of quantum theory. • Quantum theory describes the properties of electrons & other small particles using math. • Quantum theory accurately describes what is going on in our universe & it gives us an accurate model of atoms. • The Bohr model of atoms wasn’t as accurate as our view today.
Electron Clouds • The modern model of the atom deals with statistics- it gives the probability of finding an electron in a certain place. – This place is called the electron cloud. The shape of the cloud contains an area where the electron is likely to be 90% of the time.
• There are different shapes of clouds given by different number solutions to Schroedinger’s equation.
– These “shapes” are called atomic orbitals. – Quantum numbers give the properties of atomic orbitals & the electrons in them.
Atoms • Atoms normally exist in the lowest possible energy state called the ground state. • If an atom gains energy, it is then in an “excited state”. If this energy is lost, light is given off by the atom. • Each element will emit certain frequencies of light based on the locations of the electrons inside the atom.
– These frequencies of light (spectra) can be used to identify the element.
Atoms & Light • Atoms give off distinct line patterns called line-emission spectra.
– The particles of light give off certain colors (frequencies) of light as they fall from excited state orbitals to ground state orbitals.
Electrons • Electrons can act like particles, but they can also act like waves. • Electrons can bend around things (diffraction) & they can interfere with each other. (De Broglie) • This led another scientist (Heisenberg) to conclude that it is impossible to find the position (particle nature) & the velocity (wave nature) of an electron or any other particle at the same time. – Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle – you can measure either position or velocity, but not both at the same time. It is the basis for the modern view of the atom.
Wave Equation • In 1926, Schroedinger developed a wave equation to describe where electrons are in atoms. – It is the basis of quantum theory. • Quantum theory describes the properties of electrons & other small particles using math. • Quantum theory accurately describes what is going on in our universe & it gives us an accurate model of atoms. • The Bohr model of atoms wasn’t as accurate as our view today.
Electron Clouds • The modern model of the atom deals with statistics- it gives the probability of finding an electron in a certain place. – This place is called the electron cloud. The shape of the cloud contains an area where the electron is likely to be 90% of the time.
• There are different shapes of clouds given by different number solutions to Schroedinger’s equation.
– These “shapes” are called atomic orbitals. – Quantum numbers give the properties of atomic orbitals & the electrons in them.
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