Modeling Reactions on Uniform (Ideal) Surface CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 126: KINETICS OF HETEROGENEOUS REACTION 1
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What do we know so far?
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CATALYST
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97 Steps for converting reactants to products in a catalytic process 9Model the rate of arrival to and from the surface of reactants and products 9 Several isotherms can be written to describe the adsorption 9We can characterize/evaluate some of the important properties of the catalyst
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Other Issues o Details are still debatable o Lack of accurate knowledge of the structure of
chemisorbed particles o Non‐uniformity of catalyst surface
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Other Issues o Details are still debatable o Lack of accurate knowledge of the structure of
chemisorbed particles o Non‐uniformity of catalyst surface Too Detailed Solve this problem
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Simple Approach * empirical in nature * use of power law form for the rate equation 4Chemical Engineering 126 4
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o Model reactions on uniform(ideal) surfaces o Concept of rate limiting step (RDS)
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CATALYST
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Rate determining step (RDS)
The quasi‐equilibrated (QE) steps and the RDS step are designated 1/10/2009 1/10/2009 University of the Philippines
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Rate determining step (RDS) • Langmuir‐Hinshelwood (LH) type models – Assumes that reaction in the surface governs the rate, with one of the elementary steps in the reaction sequence constituting a RDS – Adsorption/desorption steps are quasi‐equilibrated – Langmuir isotherm can be used to relate surface concentration to bulk concentrations
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Unimolecular Surface Reactions
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Unimolecular Surface Reactions
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Unimolecular Surface Reactions • Decomposition reactions ( no additional sites required)
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Case Studies (Single Site) • If chemisorption of A is very strong and A nearly saturates the surface, then θA >>> θB, θC, θV and r=kP0 and the reaction is zero order in regard to A. This was found during ammonia decomposition on W between 973 and 1573 K. • If the surface coverage of all species is low, then θV >>> θB, θC, θΑ and r = k Pa This was observed for phosphine decomposition on Mo near 900 K
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Case Studies (Single Site) • If chemisorption of B is more pronounced than that of A and C, then θB >> θA, θC and product inhibition occurs the rate becomes r = k PA/(1 + KB PB). This was observed for O2 inhibition during nitrous oxide decomposition on Pt at about 900 K. • If chemisorption of B is especially strong so that it nearly saturates the surface θB >> θA, θC , θV and inverse 1st order dependence on B can occur i.e., r = k PA / PB This was observed during ammonia decomposition over Pt between 1273 and 1773 K.
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Unimolecular Surface Reaction • Unimolecular decomposition reaction with at least one additional active site in the RDS ( or any step preceding it)
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Illustration: N2O Decomposition on Mn2O3 Yamashita and Vannice [ 1996 ]
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Illustration: N2O Decomposition on Mn2O3
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Illustration: N2O Decomposition on Mn2O3 Model Parameters (from Optimization) for N2O Decomposition over Mn2O3
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Illustration: N2O Decomposition on Mn2O3
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Bimolecular Surface Reactions • Case(1) One type of site
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Bimolecular Surface Reactions • Case(1) One type of site
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Bimolecular Surface Reactions • Case(2) Two types of site
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Bimolecular Surface Reactions • Case(2) Two types of site
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Case Studies • If A, B and C are weakly adsorbed θΑ , θΒ ,θC << θV ( [S] L ) and r = k P ≅ A PB This was reported for ethylene hydrogenation on Cu between 423 and 573 K. • If A and C are weakly adsorbed and adsorbed B is the MARI θΑ ,θC << θV , θΒ then r = k PA PB / (1 + KB PB)2 An equation of this form was observed for the reverse water gas shift reaction, CO2 + H2 Æ CO + H2O on Pt at 1173‐1873K in which CO2 was the MARI
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Case Studies • If A and C are again weakly adsorbed but B is now strongly adsorbed that it nearly saturates the surface θΑ ,θC ,θV ,<< θΒ then r = k PA /PB An example for this is CO oxidation on quarts between 473 and 573 K, with CO being the strongly adsorbed reactant
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Illustration: NO Decomposition on Mn2O3 (Yamashita and Vannice,1996)
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Illustration: NO Decomposition on Mn2O3
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Illustration: NO Decomposition on Mn2O3
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Illustration: NO Decomposition on Mn2O3
Parameters from kinetic rate expression
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