Metrohm Info 2003-2

Contents 797 VA Computrace – the all-round instrument for voltammetry .............................................................3 Titropackage provides economical access to automated titration .......................................................10 MATi – the customer-specific system solution in titration.....................................................................13 The Titrando system has been successfully audited......14 Wine PAC – know-how package for the titrimetric/ potentiometric analysis of wine and must .....................15 New in our electrode range: the 6.0150.100 separate pH glass electrode.................17 Alterations in the reagents sector..................................17 The customer application: fully automatic water analyses at Ondeo Nalco Pte Ltd, Singapore .................19 New Metrohm Application Notes...................................21 New Metrohm publications...........................................23 Book corner .................................................................24 Literature references ....................................................26 The 2nd Conference on Ion Analysis in retrospect ..........28 Metrohm worldwide .....................................................29

Editorial Metrohm Ltd. CH-9101 Herisau Switzerland Phone Fax E-Mail Internet

Dear Readers,

+41 71 353 85 85 +41 71 353 89 01 [email protected] www.metrohm.com

Special birthdays are there to give us time to reflect, to pause and think about things, to remember our experiences and, at the same time, to build up the necessary momentum to meet new challenges. Metrohm is 60 years old. In 1943 the founder of the company, Bertold Suhner – who at an age of more than 70 obtained a doctorate with a scientific thesis – started with the following basic principles: – Stay totally independent of the banks. – Keep a hold on the market and do not become a subcontractor to other companies. – Use the most modern technology as a means to an end. – Leave the profits in the company to finance its expansion. – Employ no more than 50 people. Well, apart from the number of employees all these principles still apply today, 60 years later. They have secured Metrohm an important position on the world market. Metrohm has established itself in the hard-fought analytical instruments sector and has continually extended its position. We are the market leader in the fields of titration and voltammetry, in the ion chromatography sector we are a very strong number two with a high growth rate. Today Metrohm is active in more than 120 countries throughout the world, with subsidiaries or joint ventures in the 43 most important of them. We are involved in the major world markets, either directly or indirectly, in order to provide our customers with the greatest benefits. We have only infringed one of the basic principles: the size of the company. The success of our products and the demand for new instruments have resulted in the number of staff at our headquarters increasing to about 350. In the distribution companies mentioned above, in which Metrohm has a majority or strong minority participation, a total of more than 700 persons are employed. They are all active in the interests of the customer. We have particularly respected one of the basic principles: We are independent, have no indebtedness to banks, are not listed on the stock exchange and cannot be «bought». Our resources are primarily concentrated on the continuous expansion of our product range, the further optimization of our analytical instruments and their production as well as on increasing our market penetration in order to provide our customers with the best possible support.

Imprint Metrohm Information is a customer magazine from Metrohm Ltd. and is published three times a year in English and German. Please contact us if you wish to receive your own copy regularly.

This brings us to the future. We will stick to our basic principles, with the exception that our growth will continue, particularly on the market. Being large itself means nothing to us, it is only helpful in enabling us to supply a growing number of customers with products and services in an optimal way. This is why we wish to remain mobile in our headquarters, set up no bureaucracy and continue to employ about 30% of our staff in developing new and powerful analytical instruments that will either strengthen our position as market leader or, where we are not yet the market leader, enable us to reach this goal. Best regards, Metrohm Ltd.

Published by: Metrohm Ltd., CH-9101 Herisau, Switzerland Editor:

Claudia Dengler [email protected]

Printed by:

Metrohm Ltd.

Adrian Déteindre President & CEO Delegate of the Board of Directors

ISSN 1424-0904

2

Metrohm Information Issue 2/2003

797 VA Computrace

797 VA Computrace – the all-round instrument for voltammetry

The new 797 VA Computrace.

With the 797 VA Computrace Metrohm presents a completely new voltammetry instrument that opens up a novel field of application in addition to the classical voltammetric and polarographic analysis methods used for the determination of metal traces. The newly implemented Cyclic Voltammetric Stripping technique (CVS) allows the determination of organic additives in electroplating baths by means of cyclic voltammetry. In addition, 797 VA Computrace is also eminently suitable for use in research and teaching, particularly for practice-oriented training in electrochemistry and for analyses in applied research.

One instrument – three application fields Stripping voltammetry

CVS

Exploratory

Voltammetric trace analysis plus speciation of metal ions and other substances

Determination of organic additives in electroplating baths with Cyclic Voltammetric Stripping

The Metrohm concept for electrochemistry training

Metrohm Information Issue 2/2003

3

797 VA Computrace The instrument 797 VA Computrace is a modern voltammetric measuring stand that is connected to the PC via a USB port. The newly designed built-in potentiostat with galvanostat guarantees the highest degree of sensitivity with reduced noise. As working electrodes the unique Multi-Mode Electrode MME and rotating disk electrodes (RDE) made of various materials are available.

Measuring cell with Multi-Mode Electrode MME for the determination of metal traces.

Measuring cell with rotating platinum disk electrode for the analysis of electroplating baths.

The software The 797 PC software controls the measurement, records the measuring data and evaluates them. The data can be archived using the Autodatabase software supplied with the instrument. Standard formats are available for printing out the results but you can also use the report generator to create individually designed analysis reports. The clear structure of the 797 PC software grants unparalleled ease of operation. Validation made easy – with the GLP Wizard The software automatically checks the validation intervals of the analysis system and keeps the user informed. Each report shows whether the measurements were carried out within the validation interval. The GLP Wizard guides the user step by step through the different tests and automatically checks their validity.

Easy validation with the GLP Wizard.

4

Metrohm Information Issue 2/2003

797 VA Computrace Application field 1 – Voltammetric trace analysis

VA Computrace system with automatic standard addition for routine analysis.

Analysis of heavy metals: total concentration ... For a fraction of the purchase price of an AAS or ICP instrument it is possible to carry out metal analyses with the same or even higher sensitivity. The only thing required apart from small quantities of reagents is a small amount of pure nitrogen. No expensive flammable gases, no specially constructed fume hoods in the laboratory, no costly metal vapor lamps.

Detection limits Antimony

Sb(III)/Sb(V)

200 ppt

Arsenic

As(III)/As(V)

100 ppt

Bismuth

Bi

500 ppt

Cadmium

Cd

50 ppt

... and speciation

Chromium

Cr(III)/Cr(VI)

25 ppt

Spectroscopic methods can only determine the total concentration of the metals. With voltammetry it is additionally possible to differentiate between various oxidation states of metal ions or between free and bound metal ions. This allows statements to be made about the biological availability and toxicity of heavy metals and makes voltammetry an essential method in environmental analysis.

Cobalt

Co

50 ppt

Copper

Cu

50 ppt

Iron

Fe(II)/Fe(III)

50 ppt

Lead

Pb

50 ppt

Mercury

Hg

100 ppt

Molybdenum

Mo(IV)/Mo(VI)

50 ppt

Nickel

Ni

50 ppt

Platinum

Pt

0.1 ppt

Rhodium

Rh

0.1 ppt

Selenium

Se(IV)/Se(VI)

300 ppt

Thallium

Tl

50 ppt

Tungsten

W

200 ppt

Uranium

U

25 ppt

Zinc

Zn

50 ppt

High ion concentrations? No problem with VA! Samples with high ion concentrations are no problem for voltammetry. This means that voltammetry is predestined for the analysis of: • • • •

Water, waste water and sea water Salts and pure chemicals Electroplating baths Foodstuffs

1 ppt = 1 ng/kg

Metrohm Information Issue 2/2003

5

797 VA Computrace Specific analysis of organic compounds Not only heavy metals, but many different organic compounds can also be determined by voltammetry. Examples of important applications: • 4-Carboxybenzaldehyde in terephthalic acid • Free styrene in polystyrene • Vitamins in juices and vitamin preparations Determination of anions Some special anions can also be determined voltammetrically. Of particular interest is the analysis of the environmentally relevant species cyanide and sulfide or nitrite and nitrate.

Application field 2 – CVS for the determination of organic additives in electroplating baths

Cyclic Voltammetric Stripping Analysis (CVS) and Cyclic Pulse Voltammetric Stripping Analysis (CPVS) are widespread methods in the electroplating industry for the determination of organic additives in electroplating baths. For many technical coatings, particularly in the manufacture of printed circuit boards, these analyses constitute an essential part of production control. The quantitative determination of the additive is carried out indirectly via its influence on the deposition of the main component of the electroplating bath. As the measurement is based on an electrode reaction that corresponds to the production process, the activity of the additive and thus its effectiveness in the galvanization process can be measured directly. The most important applications for the CVS technique are: • Acidic copper baths • Tin-lead baths Quantification of the various types of additives requires special calibration techniques that have been newly integrated into the software of 797 VA Computrace. The so-called brighteners are determined using the Linear Approximation Technique (LAT) or Modified Linear Approximation Technique (MLAT). The determination of the suppressors is carried out by Dilution Titration (DT).

Determination of suppressors in a copper plating bath using Dilution Titration (DT).

For these analyses a simply constructed, robust and favorably-priced rotating disk electrode made of platinum is used. The electrochemical conditioning of the electrode, which is necessary before each measurement, is part of the determination method. It is repeated automatically until the measured value remains constant. 6

Metrohm Information Issue 2/2003

797 VA Computrace With CVS or CPVS the concentration of the additives can be determined exactly. The effective concentration of the particular additive in the bath sample is shown and printed out directly in mL additive per L bath liquid. This means that topping up to the preset bath concentration can be carried out very accurately, which guarantees continuous and interference-free operation of the unit. It is mainly the accuracy of the analytical results that has helped the method to become generally accepted in the electroplating industry. Other methods, e.g. the classical Hull-cell method, do not allow the concentration to be determined, but only provide an assessment of the quality of the deposited metal layer. To carry out the determination one of the preinstalled methods is loaded. Once a few parameters have been adapted the analysis can be started. Ready-to-use methods are supplied for the most important types of baths from the leading manufacturers; these have been worked out in our Application Laboratory. Additional applications with the corresponding methods are available in the Metrohm Application Bulletins and Application Notes, which can be accessed on our Website.

Application field 3 – 797 VA Computrace as a training tool

Detail of the 797 VA Computrace.

Exploratory is the program part of the 797 VA Computrace specially designed for training purposes. It is characterized by its crystal-clear layout and intuitive operation. This means that the instrument is ideal for practice-oriented voltammetry training in universities, technical colleges, vocational schools and production plant laboratories.

Metrohm Information Issue 2/2003

7

797 VA Computrace The following current measuring techniques are available: Sampled DC Direct Current DP

Differential Pulse

SQW

Square Wave (according to Osteryoung)

AC

Alternating Current (1st and 2nd harmonic, phase-selective)

CV

Cyclic Voltammetry

NP

Normal Pulse

PSA

Potentiometric Stripping Analysis (stripping chronopotentiometry with chemical oxidation)

CCPSA

Constant Current Potentiometric Stripping Analysis (stripping chronopotentiometry with oxidation/reduction by constant current)

CVS

Cyclic Voltammetric Stripping (cyclic voltammetry for the determination of additives in electroplating baths)

CPVS

Cyclic Pulse Voltammetric Stripping (pulse chronoamperometry for the determination of additives in electroplating baths)

Exploratory is curve-oriented. The voltammograms and their associated parameters are shown in two adjacent windows. At the end of the measurement the conditions can be varied and the altered signal recorded. The different voltammograms can be superimposed on one another for direct comparison. These possibilities mean that Exploratory is highly useful in developing and optimizing methods for the quantitative determination of substances. The optimized voltammetric parameters can be transferred directly to the determination method in the program part Determination. Transfer from Determination to Exploratory is also possible. Practical Voltammetry Metrohm offers the monograph «Practical Voltammetry» for the use of 797 VA Computrace in teaching and training. This Metrohm Monograph describes 13 easyto-perform experiments that can be used directly, as a whole or in parts, in analytical practice courses. After a detailed description of the task to be carried out, followed by literature references, examples of curves and solutions are shown. In this way the necessary basic knowledge is imparted in a clear and concise manner. Even professionals working in an analytical laboratory will find that the monograph contains useful information and tips for their daily work.

The Metrohm Monograph «Practical Voltammetry».

8

Metrohm Information Issue 2/2003

797 VA Computrace 797 VA Computrace – manual or automated Even without additional accessories 797 VA Computrace represents a fully functioning analysis system that satisfies the highest demands regarding accuracy and sensitivity. An even higher degree of comfort can be achieved with the help of various accessories. Automatic addition of standard and auxiliary solutions with 800 Dosinos In voltammetry the concentrations are determined by means of standard addition or calibration curve. These procedures can be automated if 800 Dosinos are used. All other reagents such as supporting electrolyte or complexing agents can, of course, also be added automatically. Connections are available for a maximum of three 800 Dosinos. Fully automatic analyses with sample changer The Metrohm sample changers allow voltammetric determinations to be carried out fully automatically and with high precision. The 813 Compact Autosampler is suitable for smaller sample series. Its rack accommodates a maximum of 18 samples, which are transferred by the built-in peristaltic pump to the measuring cell of the 797 VA Computrace and then analyzed. For larger numbers of samples the 766 IC Sample Processor is available. With this instrument up to 63 samples can be analyzed in a single run fully automatically.

Completely automated voltammetry system consisting of 797 VA Computrace with PC, 813 Compact Autosampler, two 800 Dosinos and two 772 Pump Units with 731 Relay Box.

Metrohm Information Issue 2/2003

9

Titropackage

Titropackage provides economical access to automated titration Titrator + sample changer + database 2.785.0020 Titropackage consists of the 785 DMP Titrino, the 760 Sample Changer and the VESUV 3.0 database software. The comprehensive accessories supplied facilitate installation. Numerous tried and tested titration methods, combined with extremely easy operation, allow immediate use of the system, which requires no demanding configuration, no prolonged operator training and no tedious optimization of methods. The sample changer automates the analysis sequences and frees the user from time-consuming routine operations. The VESUV PC software renders the archiving of results and methods extremely simple.

Titropackage consisting of 785 DMP Titrino, 760 Sample Changer, VESUV 3.0 PC software and comprehensive accessories.

785 DMP Titrino This compact routine titrator is universally applicable as it masters all basic methods that are relevant in titration practice. No titration without titration curve! The 785 DMP Titrino’s LCD screen displays the titration curve in real time or shows the result in large characters. The dialog is easy to follow and available in seven languages. Flexibility is everything

Screen of the 785 DMP Titrino with titration curve and measuring data corresponding to the point marked by the cursor.

10

A large number of fully worked-out titration methods is supplied with the package on a memory card. The tedious development of new methods is not necessary. However, all titration parameters can be modified if this is required. Calculation formulae can be entered with virtually no restrictions. After the titration, you can re-evaluate the equivalence points with optimized parameters and recalculate the results. Metrohm Information Issue 2/2003

Titropackage The 785 DMP Titrino is equipped with two high-impedance inputs for pH, redox or ion-selective electrodes. Titrations in non-aqueous media profit from the built-in differential amplifier while the polarized electrode input opens up the field of bi-amperometric (dead stop) and bi-voltametric indication, e.g. KF titration. Compatible with GLP and ISO 9000 The 785 DMP Titrino can be programmed to alert the user in good time for service, calibration and validation work that has to be carried out. To avoid any mishaps there is the additional possibility of entering limits for the sample size and the result.

760 Sample Changer The 760 Sample Changer allows the automatic analysis of sample series. The package includes the titration head with 802 Rod Stirrer as well as the sample rack for 16 x 150 mL beakers. Via the handy keypad you can set the stirrer speed and select the desired method. Routine operation is easily performed using the keypad’s HOLD, STOP and START keys. The most common titration procedures can be carried out using the four standard programs that are permanently stored in the 760 Sample Changer. After each titration the electrodes, the stirrer and the additional accessories on the titration head are washed by dipping them into a rinsing beaker with stirring. At the end of the sample series the electrode is stored in the rinsing beaker and thus kept from drying up. Simple and safe Despite its straightforward construction, the 760 Sample Changer lacks nothing in terms of safety. The sample rack is automatically identified by the 760 Sample Changer, which rules out sample rack mix-ups. A beaker detector integrated into the sample changer’s tower reacts to missing beakers and avoids any erroneous dosing of reagents onto the rack. Furthermore, a splash protection on the tower prevents the spattering of reagents in case of inexpert operation.

The 760 Sample Changer.

Metrohm Information Issue 2/2003

11

Titropackage VESUV 3.0 – collecting, archiving and record keeping Automated routine operation produces large amounts of data, which are most conveniently archived in a PC. For this purpose, Titropackage contains the VESUV 3.0 PC software, which allows the easy collecting of all titration data and results. VESUV runs without supervision in the background while the operator works at the instrument and enters the required parameters. Flexible database The analytical results and the raw data supplied by the 785 DMP Titrino are sent directly to the PC and transferred to the VESUV database, whose organization and appearance are freely definable. Apart from the actual results, the titration curves are also shown (see Figure below). Analysis reports can be printed out whenever required.

VESUV database including the titration curves as well as the list of variables and calculation formulae associated with the marked data record.

Evaluation of endpoints and recalculation Endpoints found by the instrument can be deleted and new endpoints added manually. It is also possible to alter sample parameters after the titration and to have the result recalculated. All these changes are recorded in compliance with GLP as a matter of course. Comfortable export of data The archived data can be exported to other software packages or long-term archiving programs in any common format.

12

Metrohm Information Issue 2/2003

MATi Systems

MATi – the customer-specific system solution in titration After the successful introduction of the Metrohm Robotic Sample Processors we are now able to present you with the so-called MATi Systems, which are based on these novel sample changers. MATi stands for Metrohm Automated Titration and is a synonym for flexible, customer-specific systems that are specifically tailored to the requirements of the modern titration laboratory. These comprehensive systems include all the instruments, electrodes and accessories that are required for the rapid, accurate and economical solution of your titration tasks. MATi-1 is a completely automated, PC-controlled titration system for water analysis based on the new 835 Titrando (with PC Control) and the 815 Robotic USB Sample Processor XL. The latter performs the sample handling operations required. It is equipped with two 786 Swing Heads on which a titration head or the novel overflow buret are mounted. Up to 59 water samples of 120 mL each can be analyzed in a single run. At the first workstation the 712 Conductometer measures the conductivity and temperature, then the overflow buret transfers exactly 100 mL sample to the external titration cell in a matter of seconds. Here the 835 Titrando measures first the pH value of the water sample, then follows the titration of the p and m values (carbonate hardness, alkalinity). In both cases the time-proven Aquatrode Plus is used as the indicator electrode. The final step is the complexometric titration of the calcium and magnesium hardness using the Ca ISE. When the determinations are finished the Titrando software outputs a comprehensive analysis report. The spent sample solution is aspirated off completely and the propeller stirrer, electrodes, buret tips and titration vessel are thoroughly rinsed.

MATi-31 System for fully automatic water analyses, as presented at ACHEMA 2003.

The corresponding analysis system for Titrino users is MATi-31. It is based on the 799 GPT Titrino and the 789 Robotic Sample Processor XL and also allows the conductivity, temperature, pH value, p and m values as well as the calcium and magnesium hardness to be determined fully automatically in 59 water samples. MATi-31 is designed as a stand-alone system, but can also be completely controlled from a PC via the TiNet software.

With the aid of the new 6.9958.007 overflow buret, 100 mL sample solution is measured out quickly and accurately and transferred to the titration cell.

With the classical water analysis, MATi-1 and MATi-31 cover one of the most important applications in titration laboratories. Additional MATi Systems will follow, for example for the titration of the acid and base numbers in petrochemical products (TAN/TBN) or for the determination of the chemical oxygen demand in water (COD). Metrohm Information Issue 2/2003

13

Audited Titrando system

The Titrando system has been successfully audited The Titrando is the first and, to date, the only titration system that has been certified by a competent and independent body as fulfilling the requirements of FDA Regulation 21 CFR Part 11 to the full extent. Metrohm Ltd. commissioned Messrs. Chemgineering GmbH, Stuttgart (Germany), to subject the new Titrando system to a detailed audit. Chemgineering is one of the leading providers of services such as technology consultancy, validation of laboratory instruments and computers as well as software development in the pharmaceutical sector. The aim of the audit was to check the new Titrando software PC Control 2.0 and Touch Control for Part-11-compliance. Aspects such as validation, documentation, audit trail, access protection, data encryption and electronic signature were investigated. The result of the audit: The Titrando software fulfills all the requirements of 21 CFR Part 11, as is proved by the corresponding certificate and a detailed assessment report. These documents can be downloaded from the Titrando homepage www.titrando.com. If you purchase a Titrando you will, of course, receive them automatically together with the other documentation. In the titration sector Metrohm customers now have the choice between two Part-11-compliant software packages: For Titrino systems the Metrodata TiNet 2.5 Compliant software is available; for controlling the new Titrando system you choose PC Control 2.0. With these milestones in Part-11-compliant ion analysis Metrohm has once again demonstrated its pioneering role and extended its leading position in the titration software sector even further.

This certificate issued by Chemgineering GmbH confirms that PC Control 2.0 has successfully completed the audit and fully meets all the requirements of 21 CFR Part 11.

14

Metrohm Information Issue 2/2003

Wine PAC

Wine PAC – know-how package for the titrimetric/potentiometric analysis of wine and must In our «PAC» documentation series the fourth work is now available. Wine PAC stands for «Wine Potentiometric Analysis Collection» and contains the electrometric determination methods most often used in wine analysis in an attractive and practical form. The 25 methods described are based on the official standards of the following countries or regions: • • • • • • •

Australia and New Zealand European Union Israel Republic of South Africa Switzerland South America (Chile) USA

By using these methods directly as SOPs (Standard Operating Procedures) in your laboratory, you will save both time and money. The analysis methods are divided into 15 main groups: A – pH value B – Total titratable acidity C – Free sulfurous acid: orienting Ripper method and official reference method (distillation method) D – Total sulfurous acid: orienting Ripper method and official reference method (distillation method) E – Volatile acids F – Fixed acidity G – Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) H – Reducing sugars J – Carbon dioxide K – Ash and ash alkalinity L – Calcium and magnesium M – Chloride (NaCl) N – Total phosphorus O – Sulfate P – Direct potentiometric determinations: ammonium, potassium, sodium, fluoride, alcohol content

The Wine PAC know-how package consisting of an application binder with detailed method descriptions, a method memory card, the Metrodoc CD ROM with the Wine PAC analysis methods as well as the Metrodata CD ROM.

Metrohm Information Issue 2/2003

15

Wine PAC Wine PAC is available in English, French and German (order number 6.6043.003, 6.6043.002 or 6.6043.001). The know-how package consists of: • An attractive application binder with the 25 methods for the titrimetric/ potentiometric analysis of wine and must. Each method comprises a theoretical part, information on accessories and reagents required, detailed analysis instructions, calculation formulae for the results as well as instrument parameters, result reports and curve examples. • A method memory card containing the complete parameter sets of all 25 analysis methods. • The Metrodoc CD ROM with – the electronic version of the Wine PAC ring binder (PDF = Portable Document Format, Adobe), – the relevant Metrohm Application Bulletins (PDF), – Instructions for use of the Metrodata VESUV 3.0 software (PDF), – VESUV file with the Wine PAC methods as well as – Adobe Acrobat Reader for reading and printing the PDF files. • The Metrodata CD ROM with demo versions of the Metrodata programs VESUV 3.0, TiNet 2.5, etc.

Electrometric analysis of wine made easy The procedure could not be simpler. Depending on the type of Metrohm titrator, you have three different possibilities: • 798 MPT Titrino and 799 GPT Titrino (also applies to 751 GPD Titrino with instrument program version 5.751.0020 or higher and 785 DMP Titrino) Using the method memory card, you load the Wine PAC methods (complete parameter sets including calculations) into your Titrino. You then equip the Titrino with the corresponding accessories (electrodes, Exchange Unit), load the desired method into the working memory, prepare the first sample and start the determination by pressing a key. As soon as the analysis is concluded and the sample weight entered, the Titrino outputs a complete result report – possibly with titration curve – on the connected printer. • 794 Basic Titrino (also applies to 716 DMS Titrino, 736 GP Titrino and 751 GPD Titrino with instrument program version earlier than 5.751.0020) Titration curve for the determination of reducing sugars in white wine (method 14). Electrode: 6.0431.100 Pt Titrode Titrant:

c(Na2S2O3) = 0.1 mol/L

Using a PC and the demo version of Metrodata VESUV 3.0 included in the package, you load the methods into your Titrino. You then continue using the extremely simple procedure described above. • 808, 809, 835 and 836 Titrando As a Titrando user you will, of course, also profit from the tried and tested Wine PAC analysis methods. Using the conversion program (method converter) contained in the PC Control software, you can easily transfer the Titrino parameters into your Titrando.

Titration curve for the determination of calcium and magnesium in white wine (method 17). Electrodes: 6.0504.100 calcium ISE 6.0726.107 Ag/AgCl reference electrode Titrant:

16

c(Na2EDTA) = 0.1 mol/L

Metrohm Information Issue 2/2003

Electrodes and reagents

New in our electrode range: the 6.0150.100 separate pH glass electrode With a shaft length of 142 mm the new 6.0150.100 separate pH glass electrode for non-aqueous acid-base titrations has been specially optimized for use in all Metrohm sample changer systems. Technical specifications Shaft length

142 mm

Shaft diameter

12 mm

Shaft material

Glass

Minimum immersion depth

15 mm

Electrode head

Metrohm plug-in head G

Membrane glass

T glass

Membrane shape

Spherical

pH measuring range

0 ... 14

Temperature range

0 ... 80 °C The new 6.0150.100 separate pH glass electrode.

Alterations in the reagents sector Electrolyte solution LiClO4 in glacial acetic acid will be discontinued We have decided to discontinue supplying the non-aqueous electrolyte c(LiClO4) = 1 mol/L in glacial acetic acid (6.2309.000) and to replace it by tetraethylammonium bromide c(TEABr) = 0.4 mol/L in ethylene glycol (6.2320.000). The reasons are: • LiClO4 is either no longer taken into account in international standards and regulations (DIN, ISO, etc.) or will shortly be removed from them. • The use of LiClO4 in glacial acetic acid is already prohibited in many countries. • LiClO4 in glacial acetic acid is a health hazard and is subject to transport regulations. • LiClO4 in glacial acetic acid must not be filled into the Solvotrode as this would destroy the electrode. • c(LiClO4) = 1 mol/L in glacial acetic acid can be replaced by (TEABr) = 0.4 mol/L in ethylene glycol without any limitations.

New electrolyte for non-aqueous titrations: c(LiCl) = 2 mol/L in ethanol In many Metrohm applications we already recommend the dilution of the electrolyte LiClsat in ethanol (6.2312.000); as of now the electrolyte solution c(LiCl) = 2 mol/L in ethanol (6.2312.010) is also available directly. The new electrolyte has a higher electrical conductivity than LiClsat in ethanol, which improves the stability of the measuring signal. In addition, the Solvotrode is much easier to fill with the less viscous c(LiCl) = 2 mol/L in ethanol.

Metrohm Information Issue 2/2003

17

Electrodes and reagents Extremely practical: colored buffer solutions together with new packaging and labels In response to numerous customer requests, the ready-to-use buffer solutions pH = 4.00 (6.2307.100) and pH = 7.00 (6.2307.110) will be colored red and green respectively; the buffer solution pH = 9.00 (6.2307.120) remains colorless. This means that buffer mix-ups are now practically impossible. Moreover, in future all Metrohm buffers, electrolyte solutions and ion standards will be supplied in boxes in order to prevent transport damage and facilitate bottle storage. Together with this new packaging we have also redesigned the labels and included additional GLP-relevant information: • In order to ensure the safe handling of the electrolyte solutions and ion standards, the necessary hazard warnings (hazard symbol, toxic class, R and S phrases) are printed on the packaging and bottles. • Instead of the date of manufacture and guaranteed shelf life that were previously given on the label, the expiry date is now printed on the packaging and bottle. The date of manufacture will in future only be shown on the test certificate. • The period of use after opening is given on the buffer solution bottles as additional information.

Important innovation In future all ion standard solutions supplied by Metrohm will be traceable to NIST standards. In this way we are providing you with support for observing the GLP and ISO 9000 regulations.

New: GLP-compliant labeling of all Metrohm reagents, e.g. electrolyte solution c(LiCl) = 2 mol/L in ethanol.

Well packed: In future all Metrohm buffers, electrolyte solutions and ion standards will be supplied in boxes.

The label on the buffer solution bottles now additionally shows the period of use after opening.

New: colored buffer solutions pH = 4.00 (red) and pH = 7.00 (green).

18

Metrohm Information Issue 2/2003

The customer application

The customer application Ondeo Nalco Pacific Pte Ltd, Singapore: Completely automated titration system for rapid, accurate and economical water analyses

Founded in 1928 in Chicago, Illinois, Ondeo Nalco today is one of the world’s leading companies in the sectors of water treatment, waste water purification and process optimization. Ondeo Nalco manufactures specialty chemicals and offers innovative technologies and programs that help to improve the cost-efficiency of industrial plants as well as to minimize the consumption of resources and environmental pollution. Apart from the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, it is, above all, the food industry, the energy sector and the paper and textile industry that are Ondeo Nalco’s customers. Ondeo Nalco’s Pacific Technical Center in Singapore has a laboratory for applied research and an analytical laboratory. The latter provides services for customers and field engineers throughout the whole Asian-Pacific region. It offers technical support for questions and problems in the following application areas: waste water, cooling water, boiler water, deionized water, ultrapure water and recycling. Currently about 3000 water samples are analyzed per month in the analytical laboratory, 90% of which are from Singapore. These analyses were previously carried out manually and required a huge number of time-consuming individual determinations. In order to cope with the ever-increasing number of samples, the Ondeo Nalco Pacific management decided to search for an automated solution and therefore contacted Metrohm Singapore.

The automated titration system in detail The water analysis system consists of a 736 GP Titrino, a 730 Sample Changer with 759 Swing Head, a 712 Conductometer, several 700 Dosinos as well as the Metrodata TiNet 2 software. 32 x 120 mL water samples can be analyzed in a single run. A single sample aliquot is all that is required for determining four important water parameters throughout a wide concentration range: conductivity, pH value, carbonate hardness (alkalinity, p and m values) and chloride content. In order to supply correct values, the conductivity measurement must take place before the sample comes into contact with the pH glass electrode, as otherwise the electrolyte outflow from the pH electrode would falsify the measurement. For this reason a special flow-through conductivity cell is used; this is placed upstream from the titration cell. For the pH measurement and titration of the carbonate hardness a specially constructed double-junction pH glass electrode is used that guarantees short response times and stable measuring values even in ion-deficient water samples. At the end of the determinations the analytical results are automatically exported to a LIMS by the TiNet software. Water parameters determined Parameter

Measuring range

Conductivity

10 ... 4000 µS/cm

pH value

5 ... 11

Carbonate hardness p value m value

10 ... 300 ppm 10 ... 500 ppm

Chloride

10 ... 1000 ppm

Metrohm Information Issue 2/2003

Our sincere thanks go to Mrs. Sharyn Gaspari and her team at Ondeo Nalco Pacific in Singapore for allowing us to describe this interesting application in Metrohm Information.

19

The customer application Convincing benefits The automated titration system from Metrohm has completely fulfilled the expectations of the laboratory manager, Mrs. Sharyn Gaspari, and her team. The sample throughput has been considerably increased, resulting in improved efficiency. During an 8-hour shift more than 70 water samples can be analyzed. The manual work required has been reduced to a minimum. The personnel is freed from routine work, thus saving time for other activities. Additional decisive advantages are the increased reliability and the improved precision of the results. The extremely positive experience has led Ondeo Nalco Pacific to purchase a second Metrohm titration system in order to be able to keep on top of the expected increase in the number of samples.

The completely automated water analysis system in Ondeo Nalco Pacific’s analytical laboratory.

Yan Jun is very satisfied with the two automated Metrohm titration systems, which analyze 3000 water samples per month rapidly, accurately and economically.

The lab team: from left to right Lum Sock Mun, Aileen Tan, Yan Jun, Grace Eng, Noor Jahan and Ivy Ng.

20

Metrohm Information Issue 2/2003

Metrohm Application Notes

Metrohm Application Notes – your direct access to the know-how of our Application Laboratories Our Application Notes (ANs) present applications in a concise form. They give you rapid and direct access to the know-how of our Application Laboratories and demonstrate the wide range of applications that are possible with the different analytical methods. The ANs are written by our Product Managers and are published in English. Practice-oriented and to the point, they inform you about the most important aspects of the particular determination method in the following sectors: ion chromatography, voltammetry, potentiometric and photometric titration, Karl Fischer titration, direct potentiometry (ion-selective electrodes) and stability measurements. Since the last edition of Metrohm Information a further 20 new Application Notes have been published that deal with the ion chromatographic determination of anions, cations, organic acids and carbohydrates in a wide range of matrices. This means that for the ion chromatography sector there are already more than 330 different ANs. The following table gives an overview of the new titles. The complete Application Notes can be found in the Internet under www.metrohm.com. There the corresponding method files are also provided for downloading, which enables you to carry out the respective ion chromatographic determination on your own 761 Compact IC straight away. Take advantage of this comprehensive application know-how!

Appl. Note

Title

S-168 S-169

Anion chromatography with chemical suppression – index S

S-176 S-177

Bromate in mineral water Determination of bromate using post-column reaction (o-dianisidine method) Oxohalides and bromide in drinking water Citrate and polyphosphates in a food additive Phosphite in a potato extract Nitrite and nitrate in a plant extract Iodide in table salt Chromate in waste water using conductivity and subsequent UV/Vis detection after post-column reaction (diphenylcarbazide method) Four anions in betain Five anions in inositol

N-47 N-48

Determination of bromate using post-column reaction (triiodide method) Carbonate in washing powder

Anion chromatography without chemical suppression – index N

C-61

Cation chromatography – index C

C-62 C-63 C-64 C-65

Zinc and manganese besides the standard cations in an extract of a zinc compound Five cations including iron in monoethylene glycol Five cations in lithium bromide using post-column reaction Five cations in betain Five cations in inositol

O-24 O-25

Citrate, ascorbate and acetate in a food additive Sorbate and benzoate in a functional drink

Ion exclusion and ion pair chromatography – index O

P-20

Five carbohydrates in a plant extract

Ion chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection – index P

S-170 S-171 S-172 S-173 S-174 S-175

Metrohm Information Issue 2/2003

21

22

Metrohm Information Issue 2/2003

New Metrohm publications

New Metrohm publications New instrument brochures With a new range of brochures Metrohm once again proves that serious factual information does not have to be dry and boring, but can be presented in a very attractive way. The new concept was launched with the introduction of the Titrando system; to date six different instrument brochures have appeared in the new design. These brochures inform the reader comprehensively about the particular analytical instrument or analysis system and impress with their modern and attractive layout. Convince yourself!

Brochure

Size

Language

Order number

835/836 Titrando

20 pages

E Sp Fr G

8.835.6003 8.835.6005 8.835.6002 8.835.6001

780 pH Meter 781 pH/Ion Meter

12 pages

E Sp Fr G

8.780.6003 8.780.6005 8.780.6002 8.780.6001

778/789/814/815 Metrohm Sample Processors

24 pages

E G

8.010.6003 8.010.6001

797 VA Computrace

20 pages

E G

8.797.6003 8.797.6001

Our Range of IC Instruments

56 pages

E Fr G

8.009.6003 8.009.6002 8.009.6001

Articles appear regularly in both national and international technical journals, in which Metrohm employees write about new instrument, electrode or software developments, special analysis methods or interesting applications. In order to make this know-how also accessible to our customers, we commission reprints from some of these publications. The topical reprints listed below can be obtained free of charge from your local Metrohm distributor. You will also find them on the Internet under www.metrohm.com. Title

Language

Automatic Karl Fischer Water Determination in Pharmaceuticals

E

Automatische Karl-Fischer-Wasserbestimmung in Arzneistoffen

G

Matrix Removal Using Inline Procedures in Ion Chromatography

E

The PDF files of these instrument brochures are provided for downloading on our Website www.metrohm.com. You can, of course, also order the documents that interest you from your local Metrohm distributor.

Topical Metrohm reprints

Antioxidants – Determination and Interpretation of the Temperature E Correlation of Oxidative Stabilities Antioxidantien – Bestimmung und Interpretation der Temperatur- G korrelation von Oxidationsstabilitäten mit dem Rancimat

Metrohm Information Issue 2/2003

23

Book corner

Book corner Anna Brajter-Toth, James Q. Chambers (Eds.)

Electroanalytical Methods for Biological Materials Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, Basel, 2002, 539 pages ISBN 0-8247-0731-1 This reference details the most recent electroanalytical strategies for the analysis of biomolecules and electrical phenomena in biological systems – presenting significant developments in sequence-specific DNA detection for more efficient and costeffective medical diagnoses of genetic and infectious diseases and microbial and viral pathogens. «Electroanalytical Methods for Biological Materials» – identifies the latest advances in amperometric biosensing, capillary electrophoresis, DNA amplification and detection, single-cell neurochemistry, in vivo electrochemistry and electrochemical immunoassay, – offers current techniques to evaluate the reaction properties of complex electron-transport enzymes, – discusses the development of more selective and stable peroxidase-modified electrodes, – describes the use of fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) to study the mechanisms and kinetics of dopamine neurotransmission, – illustrates the chemical and electrical requirements for facile communication between redox centers of enzymes and electrode transducers, – analyzes separations of biological materials with electrochemical detection. Written by seasoned experts in the field, this book is an authoritative guide for electrochemists; surface, colloid, analytical, physical, theoretical, industrial and organic chemists and biochemists; materials and chemical engineers; physicists as well as upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines. Contents: Part I: Electrochemistry of DNA • Charge migration through the DNA double helix • Electrochemical DNA biosensors • Amplified and specific electronic transduction of DNA sensing processes in monolayer and thin-film assemblies Part II: Protein electrochemistry

It is better to be roughly right than to be precisely wrong.

• • • •

Direct electrochemistry of proteins and enzymes at electrodes Voltammetry investigations of iron-sulfur clusters in proteins Polyion and surfactant films on electrodes for protein electrochemistry Electrochemistry of peroxidases

Part III: In vivo electrochemistry • Mechanisms and kinetics of neurotransmission measured in brain slices with cyclic voltammetry • Electrochemical monitoring of exocytosis from individual PC12 cells in culture Part IV: Bioelectroanalysis

John Maynard Keynes

24

• • • •

Milestones of electrochemical immunoassay at Cincinnati Electrochemical detection of peptides Microfabrication of electrode surfaces for biosensors Electrocatalytic determination of biochemical compounds

Metrohm Information Issue 2/2003

Book corner Part V: Biological applications • Electrodes based on the electrical «wiring» of enzymes • Capillary electrophoresis/electrochemistry: instrument design and bioanalytical applications • Ultrahigh sensitivity analysis of amino acids and peptides by capillary liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection Index

Christie G. Enke

The Art and Science of Chemical Analysis John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, Chichester, Weinheim, Brisbane, Singapore, Toronto, 2001, 500 pages ISBN 0-471-37369-9 This innovative textbook teaches the reader how to apply the different techniques of analytical chemistry and how to develop analytical methods in order to solve a particular problem. The book shows that the differentiating characteristics of the substances form the basis of all analytical techniques. This novel approach allows the author to integrate the analytical goals of quantitation, identification, detection and separation throughout the text. Numerous study questions and problems with solutions following each section help the reader to develop a solid understanding of the material covered. Contents: • Chemical analysis: what, who and why • The elements of measurement • Acidity, activity and pH • Analysis by acid-base reactivity • Analysis by absorption of light • Analysis by photon emission • Analysis by complexation reactivity • Analysis by precipitation reactivity • Analysis by electrode potential • Analysis by oxidation-reduction reactivity • Analysis by interphase partition • Analysis by biochemical reactivity • Background materials • Appendices • Index

NEW: www.metrohm.info Metrohm Information now has a web address of its own. Under www.metrohm.info you will find all issues of our customer magazine published since 1998 in electronic form. The individual articles are available in English and German as PDF files. Using the respective tables of contents, just select, download and print out the articles that are of interest to you.

Metrohm Information Issue 2/2003

25

Literature references

Literature references While we are pleased to be able to offer you this literature service, we are not in a position to provide you with photocopies of the original references simply for copyright reasons. Normally, you can have copies made of any reference that interests you at your nearest university library and usually at a favorable price. Thank you for your understanding in this matter.

Literature references polarography/voltammetry

• Application of an optimization procedure in adsorptive stripping voltammetry for the determination of chromium with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate Olga Domínguez, M. Asunción Alonso, M. Julia Arcos A procedure for the determination of chromium by differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry (DPAdSV), using ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) as complexing agent, has been optimized. The new method allows the selective determination of Cr(VI) in the presence of Cr(III) at pH values equal to or below 3. The selection of the experimental conditions was made using experimental design methodology, and it was under these conditions where the calibrations were made, using a robust regression method that allows the elimination of anomalous points. The detection limit obtained was 1.09 x 10–9 mol/L. The procedure was successfully applied to the determination of Cr(VI) and total chromium in different water samples. Electroanalysis 14/15-16 (2002) 1083–1089 • Eighty years of polarography – history and future Jirí Barek, Jirí Zima Since 1922, when Professor Jaroslav Heyrovský carried out his pioneering experiment with a dropping mercury electrode, polarography has shown remarkable ability to adjust to the ever increasing demands regarding sensitivity and selectivity and up to now mercury electrodes are among the best sensors for electroanalytical measurements. The aim of this contribution is to both outline the historical development of these techniques, their present state and possible future developments as well as to show that even today in certain cases polarographic and voltammetric techniques at mercury electrodes can successfully compete with modern separation and spectrometric methods. Electroanalysis 15/5-6 (2003) 467–472

The secret of getting ahead is getting started. Sally Berger

26

• Determination of As(III) and As(V) in natural waters by cathodic stripping voltammetry at a hanging mercury drop electrode M. Adelaide Ferreira, Aquiles A. Barros A simple, fast and quantitative method was developed for the determination of As(III) and total inorganic arsenic (As (total)) in natural spring and mineral waters using square wave cathodic stripping voltammetry (SWCSV) at a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). In the determination of As(III), preconcentration was carried out on the electrode from a solution of 1 mol/L HCl in the presence of 45 ppm Cu(II) at a potential of –0.39 V versus Ag/AgCl, and the deposited intermetallic compound was reduced at a potential of about –0.82 V versus Ag/AgCl. In order to determine As(total), the pre-concentration was carried out in 1 mol/L HCl in the presence of 400 ppm Cu(II) at a potential of –0.40 V versus Ag/AgCl, and the deposited intermetallic compound was reduced at a potential of about –0.76 V versus Ag/AgCl. For the determination of As(III), a quantification limit of 0.2 ppb was obtained for a deposition time of 40 s, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was calculated to be 6% (n = 13) for a solution Metrohm Information Issue 2/2003

Literature references containing 8 ppb As(III). For As(total), the quantification limit was 2 ppb for a deposition time of 3 min, and the RSD was calculated to be 3% (n = 10) for a solution containing 8 ppb As(V). The method was validated by application of recovery and duplicate tests in the measurements of As(III) and As(total) in natural spring and mineral waters. For As(total), the results of the SWCSV method were compared with the results obtained by optical emission spectrometry with ICP coupled to hydride generation (OES-ICP-HG), good correlation being observed. Anal. Chim. Acta 459 (2002) 151–159 • Speciation analysis of selenium using voltammetric techniques Maria Ochsenkühn-Petropoulou, Fotis Tsopelas A simple and accurate method for the separation and determination of Se(IV), selenocystine and dimethyldiselenide has been developed based on differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry (DPCSV) at a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) and an extraction procedure for the prior separation of the Se species. Thus, selenocystine and Se(IV) were determined simultaneously in the aqueous phase using HCl as electrolyte, while the determination of dimethyldiselenide was achieved in the organic phase after extraction of the sample with dichloromethane using as electrolyte LiClO4 in absolute ethanol acidified with HCl. No significant effect on the determination of selenocystine by the presence of sulfur-cystine, even in a 300-fold greater concentration, was observed. For the optimization of the procedure, several parameters of the voltammetric determination, such as the deposition time and voltage, the kind of electrolyte and the acidity of the sample as well as the kind of extractant for the effective separation of the Se species, were investigated in the aqueous and organic phase. Moreover, the quantitative transformation of the electrochemically inactive Se(VI) to Se(IV) was achieved by testing different reducing agents. The capability of the developed procedure was tested on the SRM 1633a (coal fly ash) reference material and the whole procedure was applied on a soil sample of Thermopyles Spa (Greece). Anal. Chim. Acta 467 (2002) 167–178

• Applications of ion chromatography in cane sugar research and process problems Stephen N. Walford

Literature references ion chromatography

Ion chromatography (IC) offers the sugar technologist a simple, reliable technique for the simultaneous separation and determination of inorganic and organic ions in complex process mixtures. Identification and measurement of ions present in sugar liquors are important factors in understanding and maximizing sugar recovery. Choice of IC column packing, eluent composition and pH value as well as detection mode (suppressed and non-suppressed) are shown to be useful variables when analyzing sugar factory products, especially the multivalent ions such as phosphate and organic acids (aconitic and oxalic acid). The IC methods show good agreement with conventional analysis methods (potentiometric titration, atomic emission and absorption). IC also produced excellent repeatability and recovery from these matrices. Examples of the application of IC analysis in applied sugar research and processing problems include clarification studies, degradation of molasses, sugar solution color removal and factory process problems. J. Chromatogr. A 956 (2002) 187–199

Metrohm Information Issue 2/2003

27

The CIA 2003 in retrospect

The 2nd Conference on Ion Analysis in retrospect From 24 to 26 February 2003 the 2nd Conference on Ion Analysis, CIA 2003, took place in the Architecture Building of the Technical University Berlin. The conference was organized jointly by Prof. Dr. Andreas Zemann (Chairman, University of Innsbruck), Priv.-Doz. Dr. Wolfgang Frenzel (Technical University Berlin) and Prof. Dr. Andreas Seubert (Philipps University Marburg). This conference was the second in a planned series of ion analysis meetings to be held every two years. This year’s conference location had the major advantage that all the conference events – i.e. the talks as well as the poster presentations and company exhibits – could be held under one roof; this contributed greatly to the intensive contact and exchange of information between the participants. The approximately 150 participants in the 2nd Conference on Ion Analysis presented 34 papers and 30 posters, the majority of which concerned ion chromatography, but mass spectrometry, flow injection analysis and capillary electrophoresis were also represented. Very interesting papers were also given on the subjects of food and environmental analysis as well as on electroanalytical methods. During the poster sessions the conference participants had sufficient opportunities for discussing the research results presented on the posters with their authors. In contrast to the previous CIA 2001, the poster presentations were much better visited as they were held in the immediate vicinity of the conference rooms. The numerous booths of well-known instrument manufacturers also met with great interest. Apart from Deutsche Metrohm, Filderstadt, which showed a comprehensive cross-section of our products, the following companies were represented (among others): Dionex (Idstein), Fluka (Buchs), J&M (Aalen) and Millipore (Schwalbach). The Metrohm participants presented five papers and four posters at the CIA 2003. Dr. Andrea Wille (IC Product Specialist) gave a paper on «High-low detection in ion chromatography: simultaneous detection of the anions of strong and weak acids», René Odermatt (IC development) on a «Dual suppressor system in ion chromatography» and Dr. Kai Henning Viehweger (IC Marketing Manager) on a «Dual detector system for the optimal determination of cations in ion chromatography». On the subject of titration Dr. Shane O’Neill (Metroglas AG) presented a paper with the title «An optimized pH electrode for p+m titrations» and Dr. Anja Zimmer (Titration Product Specialist) reported on «Methods for the potentiometric analysis of pharmaceutical ingredients, petrochemical products and surfactants». The Metrohm posters were devoted to the topics «Online IC», «Sugar analysis of dairy products» and «Inline calibration in ion chromatographic trace analysis» as well as, for the titration sector, to the subject «Water analysis».

View of the exhibition booth of Deutsche Metrohm at the 2nd Conference on Ion Analysis.

28

Kathrin Herold and René Odermatt (both ion chromatography development) ready to answer questions about the Metrohm posters.

Metrohm Information Issue 2/2003

Metrohm worldwide During the two-and-a-half days of the conference the social side was not neglected either. A visit was made to the Wilhelm Foerster Observatory and a «Berlin Evening» was organized in the university canteen. It only remains to say that the next Conference on Ion Analysis will take place from 14 to 16 March 2005 and will again be held in Berlin. One of the aims will be to switch the conference language from German to English. The Web address of the CIA is: www.cia-conference.com

Metrohm worldwide Trade fairs and conferences with the latest Metrohm products Date

Trade fair

Location

Metrohm distributor

12.10.–17.10.2003

Electrochemical Society Fall Meeting (ECS)

Orlando

Brinkmann, USA

21.10.–23.10.2003

Gulf Coast Conference

Galveston

Brinkmann, USA Metrohm-Peak, USA

21.10.–23.10.2003

Scientific Instruments Show (SIS)

Osaka

Metrohm-Sibata, Japan

17.11.–20.11.2003

Eastern Analytical Symposium (EAS)

Somerset

Brinkmann, USA

19.11.–21.11.2003

International Chemistry On-Line Process Instrumentation Clearwater Beach Seminar

Metrohm-Peak, USA

25.11.–28.11.2003

RICH and MAC

Milan

Metrohm Italiana

28.11.–30.11.2003

Chem 2003

Taipei

Hammer Trading, Taiwan

02.12.–05.12.2003

ChemAsia – InstrumentAsia – AnaLabAsia (CIA)

Singapore

Metrohm Singapore

25.02.–28.02.2004

9th Taipei Instruments Show

Taipei

Hammer Trading, Taiwan

07.03.–12.03.2004

Pittcon

Chicago

Brinkmann, USA Metrohm-Peak, USA

23.03.–26.03.2004

Forum Labo

Paris

Metrohm France

11.05.–14.05.2004

Analytica

Munich

Deutsche Metrohm, Germany

Metrohm Information Issue 2/2003

29

Metrohm worldwide

Impressions from ACHEMA 2003 From 19 to 24 May 2003 Frankfurt am Main was once again the scene for ACHEMA, the largest trade fair in the world for chemical engineering, environmental protection and biotechnology. This was already the 27th time that ACHEMA, which takes place every three years, had been held. Despite the difficult worldwide political and economic situation, the fair was a complete success for both exhibitors and visitors. More than 3800 companies and institutions from 48 countries presented their products, with foreign participation amounting to 41%. A total of 192’000 visitors was counted during the six exhibition days. Although, when compared with ACHEMA 2000, this corresponds to a reduction of about 8%, the exhibitors were still very satisfied with the outcome of the trade fair. The high degree of specialist knowledge of the visitors was particularly noticeable. Metrohm was, of course, also present with an attractive booth, on which numerous new instruments were displayed.

View of the Metrohm booth in Hall 6.3, which attracted large numbers of visitors.

With the Metrohm Sample Processors a completely new generation of sample changers for titration was presented at ACHEMA 2003.

30

Metrohm Information Issue 2/2003

Metrohm worldwide

Animated discussions between international specialists: from left to right Wolfgang Gölz (Titration Product Specialist, sales force of Deutsche Metrohm), Dr. Markus Läubli (Marketing Support for ion chromatography with Metrohm Ltd.), Rogério Telles (Application Specialist with Pensalab, Brazil), Jan Volker Geil (Vice President and Division Manager Sales & Marketing of Metrohm Ltd.), Claudio de Almeida (Managing Director of Pensalab) and Dr. Ed Neas (President of Chata Biosystems, USA).

Trade fair and seminar activities of our distributors Kaohsiung International Instruments Show 2003 This important trade fair for instrumental analysis and process engineering was held from 23 to 27 March 2003. Kaohsiung – in the south of Taiwan – is, after Taipei, the second largest city in the country and the center of the chemical industry. Hammer Trading Company, our local distributor, took also part in the Kaohsiung International Instruments Show as a matter of course.

Group portrait with a lady: from left to right Nick Chung (Manager of the Hammer Trading office in Kaohsiung), Joyce Tsai (Application Chemist), Gerhard Schönstein (Managing Director of Metrohm Singapore und Area Sales Manager Asia), Sam Wu (President of Hammer Trading) and Allen Yin (Sales Engineer of the Kaohsiung office).

91st Korean Chemical Society Meeting in Seoul The two-day Spring Meeting of the Korean Chemical Society took place in mid-April 2003 in Seoul. The conference was accompanied by an instrument exhibition, at which our Korean IC distributor JL Science was also present with a booth.

Metrohm Information Issue 2/2003

31