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EXPERIMENT NO. 2 WORKER PERFORMANCE UNDER RUSHED CONDITIONS AUGUST 15, 2007

GROUP 4 MEASUREMENT

BARREDA, MICCA F. BIASON, ROSALIE S. DATO-ON, ANTHONY E. JAMIR, DAVE M. MADRIAGA, CHARMAINE S. BSECE-2C

MS. MA. DOLORES TABANERA

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. OBJECTIVES………………………………………………

II. SET-UP…………………………………………………….

III. THEORY………………………………………………….

IV. PROCEDURE…………………………………………....

V. DATA/OBSERVATIONS…………………………………

VI. COMPUTATIONS/GRAPH……………………………..

VII. ANALYSIS /DISCUSSION……………………………..

VIII. CONCLUSION. ………………………………………...

IX. APPLICATION ……………………………………………

X. REFLECTION ……………………………………………..

I. OBJECTIVES •

To acquire skills in using the meter sticks and a vernier caliper



To determine the mass density of some solid materials

II. SET-UP (Labled)

III. THEORY

IV. PROCEDURE

V. DATA/OBSERVATIONS

Data Tables: Table 1: Data Solid Objects Cube Block Cylinder Sphere

Dimension in Centimeter (cm) Ruler Vernier Caliper L= 2.45 W= 2.41 h= 2.48 L= 2.55 W= 2.5 h= 2.52 L= 5 W= 3.1 h= 2.8 L= 5.1 W= 3.15 h= 2.9 D= 2.4 h= 3.4 D= 2.5 h= 3.5 D= 1.8 D= 1.9

Table 2: Using the Ruler Solid

Materials

Objects Cube Block Cylinder Sphere

Mass

Volume

Computed

Accepted

(grams)

(Cm³)

mass density

mass density

(gkc) 3.028

(gkc) 2.70

12.148

8.456 10.155

7.87 8.93

7.446 13.718

% Error

Aluminu

44.525

14.706

m Iron Copper

367 156.2

43.4 15.381 3.054

% Error

Table 3: Using the Vernier Caliper Solid

Materials

Objects

Mass

Volume

Computed

Accepted

(grams)

(cm³)

mass density

mass density

Cube

Aluminu

44.525

16

(gkc) 2.783

(gkc) 2.70

3.074

Block

m Iron

367

46.589

7.877

7.87

0.7

Cylinder Sphere

Copper

156.2

17.181

9.091

8.93

OBSERVATIONS: •

The group obtained different but close measurements of the cube which was unnatural because generally, all sides of a cube must be equal.



In table 1, the dimensions measured using vernier caliper are larger compared to that of the ruler.



In the percent error between computed and accepted density of metals, only the cube and the block measured in the vernier caliper had the smallest percent error.



Most of the computed densities are too close to its respective accepted density.

VI. COMPUTATIONS/GRAPH (Volumes)

Cube: L= 2.45

W= 2.41 h= 2.48

V= 2L = (2.45 cm) (2.41 cm) (2.48 cm) V= 14.706 cm³

16.1

Block: L= 5

W= 3.1 h= 2.8

V= L x W x h = (5 cm)(3.1 cm)(2.8 cm) V= 43.4 cm³

Cylinder: D= 2.4 cm h= 3.4 cm V= ∏/4 D² h = (2.4 cm) ² x ∏/4 x 3.4 cm V= 15.381 cm³

Sphere: D= 1.8 cm V= ∏/6 D³ = (∏/6)(1.8 cm) ³ V= 3.054 cm³

(Mass density)

Cube: m=44.525 g, V= 14.706 cm³ D= m/v = 44.525g/ 14.706cm³ D = 3.028 g/cm³

Block: m=367g, V= 43.4 cm³

D= m/v = 367g/ 43.4 cm³ D= 8.456 g/cm³

Cylinder: m=156.2g, V= 15.381 cm³ D= m/v = 156.2g / 15.381 cm³ D= 10.155 g/cm³

Sphere: m=

(Percentage Error)

Experimental Value- Standard or Accepted Value % Error = Standard or Accepted Value

Using Cube:

3.028 g/cc – 2.7 g/cc

x 100

x 100

2.7 g/cc % Error = 12.148%

VII. ANALYSIS/ DISCUSSION/ QUESTION 1.) What probably caused the percentage differences between the two methods of measuring the volume of the objects?

Maybe because the 2 methods of measuring the volume are slightly different, but regardless the measuring instrument, the probable cause of percentage difference is the estimation or rounding off to the nearest tenths of the measurement. 2.) Of the two measuring devices use in the experiment, which gives the more accurate result? Why? The vernier caliper gives the more accurate result than a ruler because a vernier caliper measures lengths accurately without estimating the exact value of the reading. 3.) Why must the edge of the metersticks, rather than the broader side to be adjacent to the dimension being measured? When measurements are being made with the meterstick, the scale should be placed edgewise on object to be measured. 4.) In measurement, what are the advantages of ruler over vernier? A ruler is easier to use and very commercial/ readily available since many people are practically using it as a measuring instrument.

VIII. CONCLUSION

By performing the experiment, we therefore conclude that, when it comes to skills, meterstick is more convenient to use rather than making use of the vernier caliper. Because in meterstick, you simply place the stick on top of the

dimension you are measuring and that’s it. In vernier caliper, you have to double your care in positioning the object. On the other hand, vernier caliper can give us an accurate reading rather that the materstick. It is because vernier caliper is in a fixed scale and ratio which will give us a more definite measurement.

Density of some solid materials can be determined by the ratio of mass and volume and it is applicable to regularly- shaped objects. Irregularly- shaped objects’ volume can be determined by water- displacement method. Then afterwards, it is where we divide the mass of the object.

IX. APPLICATION

1. As students, we used to mixed either chemicals or certain objects in the laboratory. We are required to have an accurate measurement of those objects in order to obtain success, we must be skillful in using measuring devices and as well as the familiarization of formulas. 2. We all know that density of materials or chemicals is constant. We have a particular density for gold, bronze, aluminum, etc. with these ideas and knowledge, we will know the proportionality of making alloys because aside from boiling point, densities must considering. Not only in alloys but also in other chemicals, we’ll be able to know which substance will float or sink when combine.

3. In factories, it is very important to know the weights of the object. Because products have corresponding vehicles used. This is denoted by the terms “net content”. If mass is not increased accurately, therefore it would be hard to look for a corresponding vehicle.

X. REFLECTION