EXPERIMENT NO. 2 WORKER PERFORMANCE UNDER RUSHED CONDITIONS AUGUST 15, 2007
GROUP 4 MEASUREMENT
BARREDA, MICCA F. BIASON, ROSALIE S. DATO-ON, ANTHONY E. JAMIR, DAVE M. MADRIAGA, CHARMAINE S. BSECE-2C
MS. MA. DOLORES TABANERA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. OBJECTIVES………………………………………………
II. SET-UP…………………………………………………….
III. THEORY………………………………………………….
IV. PROCEDURE…………………………………………....
V. DATA/OBSERVATIONS…………………………………
VI. COMPUTATIONS/GRAPH……………………………..
VII. ANALYSIS /DISCUSSION……………………………..
VIII. CONCLUSION. ………………………………………...
IX. APPLICATION ……………………………………………
X. REFLECTION ……………………………………………..
I. OBJECTIVES •
To acquire skills in using the meter sticks and a vernier caliper
•
To determine the mass density of some solid materials
II. SET-UP (Labled)
III. THEORY
IV. PROCEDURE
V. DATA/OBSERVATIONS
Data Tables: Table 1: Data Solid Objects Cube Block Cylinder Sphere
Dimension in Centimeter (cm) Ruler Vernier Caliper L= 2.45 W= 2.41 h= 2.48 L= 2.55 W= 2.5 h= 2.52 L= 5 W= 3.1 h= 2.8 L= 5.1 W= 3.15 h= 2.9 D= 2.4 h= 3.4 D= 2.5 h= 3.5 D= 1.8 D= 1.9
Table 2: Using the Ruler Solid
Materials
Objects Cube Block Cylinder Sphere
Mass
Volume
Computed
Accepted
(grams)
(Cm³)
mass density
mass density
(gkc) 3.028
(gkc) 2.70
12.148
8.456 10.155
7.87 8.93
7.446 13.718
% Error
Aluminu
44.525
14.706
m Iron Copper
367 156.2
43.4 15.381 3.054
% Error
Table 3: Using the Vernier Caliper Solid
Materials
Objects
Mass
Volume
Computed
Accepted
(grams)
(cm³)
mass density
mass density
Cube
Aluminu
44.525
16
(gkc) 2.783
(gkc) 2.70
3.074
Block
m Iron
367
46.589
7.877
7.87
0.7
Cylinder Sphere
Copper
156.2
17.181
9.091
8.93
OBSERVATIONS: •
The group obtained different but close measurements of the cube which was unnatural because generally, all sides of a cube must be equal.
•
In table 1, the dimensions measured using vernier caliper are larger compared to that of the ruler.
•
In the percent error between computed and accepted density of metals, only the cube and the block measured in the vernier caliper had the smallest percent error.
•
Most of the computed densities are too close to its respective accepted density.
VI. COMPUTATIONS/GRAPH (Volumes)
Cube: L= 2.45
W= 2.41 h= 2.48
V= 2L = (2.45 cm) (2.41 cm) (2.48 cm) V= 14.706 cm³
16.1
Block: L= 5
W= 3.1 h= 2.8
V= L x W x h = (5 cm)(3.1 cm)(2.8 cm) V= 43.4 cm³
Cylinder: D= 2.4 cm h= 3.4 cm V= ∏/4 D² h = (2.4 cm) ² x ∏/4 x 3.4 cm V= 15.381 cm³
Sphere: D= 1.8 cm V= ∏/6 D³ = (∏/6)(1.8 cm) ³ V= 3.054 cm³
(Mass density)
Cube: m=44.525 g, V= 14.706 cm³ D= m/v = 44.525g/ 14.706cm³ D = 3.028 g/cm³
Block: m=367g, V= 43.4 cm³
D= m/v = 367g/ 43.4 cm³ D= 8.456 g/cm³
Cylinder: m=156.2g, V= 15.381 cm³ D= m/v = 156.2g / 15.381 cm³ D= 10.155 g/cm³
Sphere: m=
(Percentage Error)
Experimental Value- Standard or Accepted Value % Error = Standard or Accepted Value
Using Cube:
3.028 g/cc – 2.7 g/cc
x 100
x 100
2.7 g/cc % Error = 12.148%
VII. ANALYSIS/ DISCUSSION/ QUESTION 1.) What probably caused the percentage differences between the two methods of measuring the volume of the objects?
Maybe because the 2 methods of measuring the volume are slightly different, but regardless the measuring instrument, the probable cause of percentage difference is the estimation or rounding off to the nearest tenths of the measurement. 2.) Of the two measuring devices use in the experiment, which gives the more accurate result? Why? The vernier caliper gives the more accurate result than a ruler because a vernier caliper measures lengths accurately without estimating the exact value of the reading. 3.) Why must the edge of the metersticks, rather than the broader side to be adjacent to the dimension being measured? When measurements are being made with the meterstick, the scale should be placed edgewise on object to be measured. 4.) In measurement, what are the advantages of ruler over vernier? A ruler is easier to use and very commercial/ readily available since many people are practically using it as a measuring instrument.
VIII. CONCLUSION
By performing the experiment, we therefore conclude that, when it comes to skills, meterstick is more convenient to use rather than making use of the vernier caliper. Because in meterstick, you simply place the stick on top of the
dimension you are measuring and that’s it. In vernier caliper, you have to double your care in positioning the object. On the other hand, vernier caliper can give us an accurate reading rather that the materstick. It is because vernier caliper is in a fixed scale and ratio which will give us a more definite measurement.
Density of some solid materials can be determined by the ratio of mass and volume and it is applicable to regularly- shaped objects. Irregularly- shaped objects’ volume can be determined by water- displacement method. Then afterwards, it is where we divide the mass of the object.
IX. APPLICATION
1. As students, we used to mixed either chemicals or certain objects in the laboratory. We are required to have an accurate measurement of those objects in order to obtain success, we must be skillful in using measuring devices and as well as the familiarization of formulas. 2. We all know that density of materials or chemicals is constant. We have a particular density for gold, bronze, aluminum, etc. with these ideas and knowledge, we will know the proportionality of making alloys because aside from boiling point, densities must considering. Not only in alloys but also in other chemicals, we’ll be able to know which substance will float or sink when combine.
3. In factories, it is very important to know the weights of the object. Because products have corresponding vehicles used. This is denoted by the terms “net content”. If mass is not increased accurately, therefore it would be hard to look for a corresponding vehicle.
X. REFLECTION