Me Subjects

ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY UNIT I: Water Technology-I: Introduction, Effect of Water on Rocks and Minerals, Types of impurities in Water, Hardness of Water – Temporary and Permanent hardness. Units and Inter conversions of Units. Estimation of hardness by EDTA Methods. Problems on Temporary and Permanent hardnesses. Analysis of Water - Alkalinity; Chlorides and Dissolved Oxygen. Disadvantages of Hard Water. Methods of Treatment of Water for Domestic Purpose - Sedimentation, Coagulation, Filtration, Disinfection - Sterilization, Chlorination, Break point Chlorination, Ozonization. UNIT II: Water Technology-II: Water for Industrial purpose - Water for Steam Making, Boiler Troubles – CarryOver - Priming and Foaming, Boiler Corrosion, Scales and Sludges, Caustic Embrittlement. Water Treatment: - Internal Treatment – Colloidal, Phosphate, Calgon, Carbonate, Sodium aluminate Conditioning of Water. External Treatment - Lime-Soda Process, Zeolite Process, Ion-Exchange Process; - Numerical Problems. UNIT III: Science of Corrosion: Definition, Examples - Types of Corrosion: Theories of Corrosion and Mechanism – Dry Corrosion, (Direct Chemical attack), Wet Corrosion, (Electro Chemical Theory) Principles of Corrosion, Galvanic Series, Galvanic Corrosion, Concentration Cell Corrosion, Mechanism of Wet Corrosion – Hydrogen evolution type, Oxygen absorption type. Factors Influencing Corrosion. Control of Corrosion – Proper Design, Use of pure metal and metal alloys, Passivity, Cathodic Protection – Sacrificial anode and Impressed Current. Modifying the Environment, use of Inhibitors. UNIT IV: Protective Coatings and their applications: Surface Preparation: (1) Solvent Cleaning (2) Alkali Cleaning (3) Pickling and Etching (4) Sand Blasting (5) Mechanical Cleaning. Types Of Protective Coatings: Metallic Coatings – Anodic Coating Galvanization,Cathodic Coating – Tinning, Metal Cladding, Electroplating Ex: Chromium Plating, Metal Spraying, Cementation–Sheradizing, Colourizing, Chromizing Chemical Conversion Coatings: (1) Phosphate (2) Chromate (3) Anodized Coatings. Organic Coatings: (1) Paints – Constituents and their functions UNIT V: Polymer Science and Technology: Polymerization Reactions – Basic concepts. Types of Polymerization – Addition and Condensation Polymerizations. Plastics –Thermosetting and Thermoplastics – Differences. Compounding and Molding of Plastics – Compression, Injection, Transfer, and Extrusion molding methods Composition, Properties and Engineering Uses of the Following: Polyethylene, PVC, Teflon, Bakelite, Nylon, polyester, polyurethanes and Silicone Resins. Rubber – Processing of Natural Rubber, Vulcanization and Compounding. Elastomers – Buna S, Buna N, Thiokol. UNIT VI: Refractories and Insulators: Refractories – Definition, Classification With Examples; Criteria of a Good Refractory Material; Causes for the failure of a Refractory Material; Insulators – Definition and Classification with Examples; Characteristics of Insulating Materials; Thermal Insulators, Electrical Insulators - Their Characteristics and Engineering Applications. UNIT VII: Lubricants: Principlesand unctions of lubricants - Types of Lubrication and Mechanism – Thick Film or Hydrodynamic Lubrication, Thin Film or Boundary Lubrication, Extreme Pressure Lubrication. Classification and properties of Lubricants – Viscosity – Flash and Fire points – Cloud and Pour points Aniline-PointNeutralization number and Mechanical strength. UNIT VIII: Fuels and Combustion: Definition and Classification. 1. Solid Fuels – Coal – proximate and Ultimate Analysis of coal and significanxce of the constituents – Metallurgical coke – Characteristics & Manufacture. 2. Liquid Fuels – petroleum – refining – knocking – octane and cetane 3. Gaseous fuels Natural gas, coal gas – calorific value of fuels – bomb calorimeter – junker’s gas calorimeter. 4. combustion – analysis of fuel gas by Orsat’s apparatus; problems.

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Engineering Chemistry Faculty

B.SRINIVAS

Text Books (to be acquired by the Students) Book 1

Text Book of Engineering Chemistry By Jain &Jain Publishers:Dhanpat Rai

Text Book of Engineering Chemistry By C..P.Murthy , C.V.Agrawal,and AndhraNaidu & B.S publication. Text Books for references Book 3 Text book of Engineering Chemistry By S.S.Dara Publishers:Chand Book2

Book 4

A Text book of Engineering Chemistry by Balaram Pani, Galgotia publishers

Book 5

Text book of Engineering Chemistry By Shashi Chawla Publishers Dhanpat Rai & Co

Book 6

Industrial chemistry by O.P. Veeramani and A.K.Narula, Galgotia publishers

Book 7

Advanced Engineering Chemistry By Senapathi and Mohanty, Laxmi publishers.

Book 8

Engineering Chemistry By R.gopalan, D.Venkappaya and S.Nagarajan, Vikas publishers

Unit

Topic

I II III IV

Water Technology-I Water Technology-II Science of Corrosion Protective Coatings and their applications

Chapters

No of Classes

B-1

B-2

B-3

B-4

B-5

B-6

B-7

B-8

1

2

1

17

6

1

14

18

6

1

2

1

17

6

1

14

18

6

7

8

4

16

17

-

11

6

5

8

8,9

4

21

-

-

-

7

5

V

Polymer Science and Technology

3

9

9

11

1

5

12

16

8

VI

Refractories & Insulators

11

10,1

16

15

8,14

-

-

11

5

VII

Lubricants

10

7

5

20

7

-

-

13

5

VIII

Fuels & Combustion

2

3,4

2

12

5

3

13

14

7

Classes for above curriculum topics Descriptive tests

03 06

On – line tests

03

Revisions

03

Total no of classes

62

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Assignments UNIT-I Week -1

WATER TECHNOLOGY-I 1. a) What is meant by “hardness” of water. And what are the disadvantages of hard water.? b) Distinguish between temporary and permanent hardness of water. C) What are its units? D) How do you express the hardness of water? 2. (a) What is the principle of EDTA method? Explain the estimation of

hardness of water by complex metric method. (b) Mention the dis-advantages of using hard water for industrial purpose. 3. (a) Explain the terms temporary and permanent hardness of water. (b) How do you estimate the temporary hardness of water by EDTA method? (c) 50 ml of a sample of hardwater was titrated against 0.01 M EDTA, required 48 ml of EDTA for titration. 50 ml of the same hardwater after boiling and filtering etc. required 35ml of the EDTA for titration. Calculate the total and temporary hardness of water in degree Clark.

1. (a) Estimation of free chlorine in water samples. (b) Discuss the impurities in water and their effects. Week-2

c. Explain the sedimentation process for the treatment of municipal water 2. Write a short notes on the following: (a) Break - point chlorination (b) Dissolved oxygen (c) Hardness of water (d) Sedimentation and coagulation. 1. What is meant by disinfection? What is its significance? Explain the different methods used for disinfection of surface water.

Week-3

2. (a) Why is sterilization of water necessary? Discuss any two methods of sterilisation. (b) 0.5 g of CaCO 3 was dissolved in dil.HCl and diluted to 1000 mL. 50 mL of this solution required 48 mL of EDTA solution for titration. 50 mL of hard water sample required 15 mL of EDTA solution for titration. 50 mL of same water sample on boiling, filtering etc, required 10 mL of EDTA solution. Calculate the different kinds of hardness in ppm.

UNIT-II Week-4 Week-5

WATER TECHNOLOGY-II 1. Write short notes on the following: a) Carry over b) Phosphate conditioning (c) Caustic embrittlement 2. a) Write short notes on Internal treatment methods b) State the disadvantages of scale formation in boilers.

1. (a) Describe the demineralisation of water by ion - exchange method. (b) Mention the disadvantages of using hard water for any two industries 2. Explain the Ion-exchange method for the removal of dissolved impurities and its advantages over lime soda process 3. (a) Explain the cold lime soda process and hot lime soda process. What are the advantages of lime soda process? (b) 100 ml of a water sample contains hardness equivalent to 25 ml of 0.08 N MgSO4. [8+8]

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Week-6

i. What is the hardness of water sample in ppm? ii. What is the amount of lime and soda required for the treatment of the water sample? 3. Explain the Ion-exchange method for the removal of dissolved impurities and its Advantages over lime soda process. [16] 1) a) What is the chemical composition of Zeolite? How are they classified? Explain the mechanism of the treatment of hard water by Zeolites. b) A Zeolite softener was exhausted and regenerated by passing 100 liters of NaCl solution containing 585 gms per liter. Calculate the total hardness of the water sample in ppm, if the Zeolite softener can soften 1000 liters of water before regeneration. 2) Write a comparative statement on lime soda & Zeolite process. 3) Calculate the lime and soda needed for softening 50,000 litres of water containing the following salts: CaSO4 = 136 mg/lit; MgCl2 = 95 mg/lit; Mg(HCO3)2 = 73 mg/lit; Ca(HCO3)2= 162 mg/lit. Given that the molar mass of Ca(HCO3)2 is 162 and that of MgCl2 is 95 4) Determine the amount of soda and lime required in Kg’s to soften 5000 lit of water containing the following salts MgCl2 = 15.5 ppm, Ca(Hco3)2 = 32.5 ppm, Ca(No3)2 = 22.4 ppm, NaCl = 50 ppm, KCl = 22.5 ppm.

UNIT-III

SCIENCE OF CORROSION

1) Explain the process of wet corrosion by evolution of hydrogen and absorption of oxygen (or) Describe the electrochemical theory of corrosion. Week-7

Week-8

2) Differentiate the following with suitable examples. a) Galvanic series and electrochemical series. b) Pitting corrosion ad stress corrosion.

3)(a) What is meant by differential aeration corrosion? Illustrate with suitable examples. (b) How is rate of corrosion influenced by i. Nature of corrosion product ii. Relative anodic to cathodic areas iii. Temperature and moisture. 4) (a) What is oxidation corrosion and how does it take place? Describe the mechanism of oxidation corrosion. (b) Describe the various factors influencing the rate of chemical corrosion. 5) Write down the equation for the hydrogen evolution in an electro chemical corrosion reaction? 1. What are the factors effecting corrosion?

2. a) Explain the following factors influencing the rate of corrosion. i. Week-9

Week-10

Nature of corrosion product ii. Position in electrochemical series iii. pH. (b) Differentiate between dry corrosion and wet corrosion

3. Define corrosion? Explain any 4 factors that affect the rate of corrosion & explain any 4 corrosion control methods. 1. Explain how corrosion control can be brought about by the following methods. a) Modifying the environment b) Cathodic protection.

2. Write a short note on Inhibitors & Cathode protection.

UNIT-IV Week-11 Week-12

PROTECTIVE COATINGS & THEIR APPLICATIONS Explain the protective coatings you would choose for steel; cast iron and concrete pipe. Give reasons for your answer. 1.(a) Describe the mechanism of drying of conjugated oils. (b) Name any four important

drying oils. (c) Define the following:i. Acid value of an oil ii. Saponification Value iii. Iodine Value. 2. Write notes on Surface preparation. 3. (a) Discuss how the surface of a metal is prepared prior to the application of a protective coating.

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(b) Write the important applications of protective coating. (c) Why is moderate current density employed during electroplating? Week-13

Week-14

1. What is metallic coating? Name the metallic coating methods. 2. (a) Describe the process of sheradizing? Mention its applications?

(b) Distinguish between anodizing and electroplating. (c) Define Anodizing 1. (a) What are organic paints? Name their important constituents and their re-spective functions with an example? (b) Mention the functions of pigment and vechicle in a paint

2. write a short note on Chemical conversion Coatings UNIT-V Week-15

Week-16

POLYMER SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 1. Write the differences between a) compression-Injection moulding b) additional polymerization-condensation polymerization c) thermoset-thermoplasts. 2. Explain any one of the mechanism of additional polymerization, using suitable example. . 1. Write a note on thermo setting plastics? Write a note on properties and uses of Teflon. 2.Describe the manufacture , properties ,uses of a)polyethylene

b) Teflon c) Thiokol d) PVC 3.(a) How is HDPE is prepared? Give its properties and uses? (b) Explain the injection moulding process with a neat diagram? Mention its advantages. 1.What is moulding of plastics? Explain compression moulding technique in detail. 2.How is Bakelite manufactured? Discuss its important uses and properties.

Week-17

Week-18

3. Identify the thermosets & thermoplasts among the following: PVC, polyethylene, silicon, polyester fiber, bakelite. What is Bakelite? How is it manufactured and mention its uses. 1.Describe the preparation, properties and engineering uses of Polythylene. 2. (a) Explain the preparation, properties and uses of Bakelite.

(b) Describe with a neat sketch, the process of compression moulding 1. (a) What are elastomers? Give the preparation, properties and uses of Buna S. (b) Describe a method for moulding of thermoplastic resin 2. Write a short note on rubber and vulcanization. Write a brief account of Week-19

elastomers, silicons. 3 Write preparation, properties and uses of nylon, polyester, and polyurethanes. (a) Why are Silicones called inorganic polymers? Discuss the synthesis of linear chain Silicones. (b) Why Bakelite can’t be remoulded and write its repeating unit? (c) Describe condensation polymerization with an example

UNIT-VI

REFRACTORIES & INSULATORS 1. Discuss any FOUR essential properties of a good refractory in detail.

Week-20

Week-21

2. What are electrical insulators? Discuss their characteristics & engineering applications. 3. What are thermal insulators? Discuss their engineering applications and characteristics 1. (a) What are refractories? How important are the properties - refractoriness under load and thermal conductivity for industrial applications? (b) Compare acidic and basic refractories with examples 2.What do you understand by ‘refractoriness’. Explain its measurement.Write a note on ‘refractoriness-under-load (RUL)’.

Week-22

1. What are refractories? Explain thermal spalling, strength and porosity of the refractories. 2. (a) What is pyrometric cone equivalent? How it is determined for a refractory? What is its significance?(b) Write a short note on: i. porosity ii. Thermal Conductivity iii.

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Dimensional Stability. iv. Strength UNIT-VII

LUBRICANTS 1. Write a short note on principle and function of Lubricants 2. (a) Give the functions of lubricants. (b) Describe the mechanism of extreme pressure

Week-23

Week-24

lubrication. c) How a viscous lubricant is converted into grease?

3. Write a note on lubricants with special reference to their classification, mode of action, examples and uses. 1. Explain the various mechanisms of lubrication in detail. 2.Explain the following two theories for the mechanism of the lubricants. a) Boundary lubrication b) Extreme pressure lubrication 3. (a) Give the functions of lubricants. (b) Describe the mechanism of

extreme pressure lubrication. c) How a viscous lubricant is converted into grease? Week-25 UNIT-VIII

Week-26

1. Define lubricant. Discuss the Classification and important properties of the lubricats. Fuels & Combustion What is coal? How it is formed? Discuss the qualities of a good coal. 2. What is metallurgical coke? Describe any one method of manufacturing metallurgical coke. 3. a) Differentiate between proximate and ultimate analysis. b) Calculate in

calorific value of a fuel coal sample having composition? C-80%, H-3.5%, N1.5%, Ash-7.2% a) What is knocking? What are its adverse effects? How it is prevented? b) Define Octane and cetane Number. Explain how it can be improved.

Explain how fuels are classified with suitable examples. (b) Explain the significance of the following constituents present in coal. i. Moisture ii. Volatile matter iii. Ash and iv. Fixed carbon.

Week-27

Week-28

Week-29

Week-30

(a) Discuss the relative merits and demerits of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. (b) Explain the significance of the following constituents present in coal. i. Total carbon ii. Hydrogen iii. Nitrogen iv. Sulphur and v. Oxygen. 1) Write a short note on Refining. b What is meant by knocking in I.C engine? Explain the mechanism of knocking in chemical terms. 2.(a) What do you understand by the term knocking in IC engines? Explain its

relationship with chemical constituents of fuels. (b) A sample of coal contains 60% carbon, 33% Oxygen, 6.0% Hydrogen, 0.5% Sulphur, 0.2% Nitrogen and 0.3% Ash. Calculate GCV and NCV of coal 1Describe the experiment with a neat diagram . (b) Calculate gross and net calorific value of a gaseous fuel from the following data. Vol of gaseous fuel burnt at STP- 0.09m3, wt of water used for cooling 25.0 kg, Temp of inlet water 250C, temp of out let water 30.00C wt of water produced by steam condensation 0.02 kg latent heat of steam 587 Kcal/kg 2. With a neat diagram describe the Orsat’s gas analysis method. What are the special precautions to be taken in the measurement? (a) How calorific value of a gaseous fuel is determined by Junker’s gas calorimeter. Calculate gross and net calorific value of a gaseous fuel from the following data. Volume of gaseous fuel burnt at STP – 0.09m3, weight of water used for cooling 25.0kg, temperature of inlet water 250C, temperature of outlet water 30.00C, weight of water produced by steam condensation 0.02kg, latent heat of steam 587 kcal/kg. 2. (a) Explain Higher Calorific Value and Lower Calorific Value and distinguish the both. (b) What are the characteristics of a good fuel?

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