Material Handling
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The Back and Material Handling Issues
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
The Spinal Column
Cervical Thoracic Lumbar
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
The Basic Structure
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
Epidemiology of Back Injuries Short Term or acute effects: • Sharp Surfaces • Dropped Material • Struckby Moving Materials • Mechanical Stress • Slips and Falls • “Simpler” Cause and effect relationship
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
Epidemiology Chronic or Long Term Effects • Back Ache or Pain • Disc Degeneration • Cause and effect not as simple, more difficult to analyze
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
Return to Work • Out more than 6 months only 50% chance of returning • One year only 25% • Management and Practitioner Training One study showed that claims dropped from 200K to 20K per year by providing modified work and conservative treat
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
Material Handling • Lifting/Lowering • Pushing/Pulling • Carrying • Weights and Forces • Frequency of Activities • Load Center of Gravity
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
Material Handling
QuickTimeª and a Sorenson Video 3 decompressor are needed to see this picture.
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
Job Risk Factors • Weight of the Object • Location (position of load w.r.t. worker) • Frequency of Lifts • Stability of the Load • Hand Coupling • Workplace Geometry Twisting/Stooping • Environmental Factors ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
Personal Risk Factors • Gender • Age • Anthropometry • Lift technique • Attitude • Strength • Training
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
Examples of Manual Handling Controls • Avoid extreme range of motion when lifting • Redesign work station/work area to allow freedom of movement • Provide handles on material handling equipment • Provide liftassist devices and tables • Unit Load Concept
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
Job Design • Can reduce onethird of compensable LBP • Minimize reach and lift distances • Keep off floor • Work station design • Frequency • Relax time standard • Rotation • WorkRest allowances ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
Job Design • Minimize Weight • Mechanical aids • Carton capacity • Balance contents • Convert • Carry to push/pull • Push over pull • Use large wheels
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
Training • Focus on awareness and avoidance • Get object as close to body as possible • Planning • Use of handling aids • Back Schools • Strength and fitness important ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
NIOSH Lifting Equation 1991 Version
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
NIOSH Lifting Equation • Objective: Reduce occurrence of liftingrelated LBP • 1981 and 1991 equations • 1981 limited to sagittal plane • 1991 includes asymmetry and coupling
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
Disqualifiers for Use • One handed lifts • More than 8 hours • Seated or kneeling • Restricted work space • Unstable Objects • Carrying, pushing or pulling while lifting
• Wheelbarrows or shovels • High speed motion • Unreasonable foot/floor coupling • Unfavorable environment
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
Definition of Terms • RWL = Recommended weight limit • LC = Load constant • HM = Horizontal multiplier • VM = Vertical multiplier
• DM = Distance multiplier • AM = Asymmetric multiplier • FM = Frequency multiplier • CM = Coupling multiplier
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
1991 Equation
RWL = LC x HM x VM x DM x AM x FM x CM
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
1991 Guide • Compare RWL to Actual Load (L) • If Greater than or equal to 1 problem
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
Lifting Index L RWL
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
1991 Multipliers • LC = 51 Pounds • HM = 10/H • VM = 1.0075 x / V30/ • DM = .82 + (1.8/D) • AM = 1 – (.0032 x A) • FM go to Table ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
NIOSH Worksheet
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
Lifting Example
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
NIOSH Workshop
QuickTimeª and a Sorenson Video 3 decompressor are needed to see this picture.
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
NIOSH Workshop
Start of Lift
End of Lift
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
NIOSH 1991 Lifting Calculator NIOSH Lifting Guidelines -- Job Analysis
Notes Packer
Enter values in Yellow area. For Composite Lifting Index (CLI) to be computed correctly, sort tasks in decreasing order based on LI by pressing button.
Sort Task No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
CLI = 0.3 1991 Guide RWL LI 24.3 0.2 12.2 0.4 11.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1981 Guide AL MPL 29.0 87.0 13.3 39.9 11.4 34.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Object Wt. (lbs) L (avg) L (max) 5.0 5.0 5.0
Hand Location (inches) Origin Destination H V H V 18.0 30.0 15.0 40.0 18.0 30.0 30.0 15.0 18.0 30.0 30.0 52.0
Asymmetry Period Freq (degrees) (hours) (#/min) Handle Orig Dest P F C 15 0 4.0 0.4 Poor 15 0 4.0 0.4 Poor 15 0 4.0 0.4 Poor
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
WISHA
Calculator for Analyzing Lifting Operations
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
www.lni.wa.gov/wisha/ergo/calculator/ergo_workshopIE.htm ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
WISHA Workshop
QuickTimeª and a Sorenson Video 3 decompressor are needed to see this picture.
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
WISHA If the job is a hazard • Reduce weight of load • Increase weight of load so that it requires mechanical assist • Reduce the capacity of the container • Etc. ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
References • Applications guide for the revised NIOSH lifting equation – On CD • Elements of Ergonomic Programs – On CD • Musculoskeletal Disorders and Workplace Factors – On CD • Work Practices Guide for Manual Lifting NIOSH 81122
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
What does the worker need to know from this presentation?
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
The Spinal Column
Cervical Thoracic Lumbar
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
The Basic Structure
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
Epidemiology of Back Injuries Short Term or acute effects: • Sharp Surfaces • Dropped Material • Struckby Moving Materials • Mechanical Stress • Slips and Falls • “Simpler” Cause and effect relationship
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
Epidemiology Chronic or Long Term Effects • Back Ache or Pain • Disc Degeneration • Cause and effect not as simple, more difficult to analyze
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
Return to Work • Out more than 6 months only 50% chance of returning • One year only 25% • Management and Practitioner Training One study showed that claims dropped from 200K to 20K per year by providing modified work and conservative treat
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
Material Handling • Lifting/Lowering • Pushing/Pulling • Carrying • Weights and Forces • Frequency of Activities • Load Center of Gravity
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
Material Handling
QuickTimeª and a Sorenson Video 3 decompressor are needed to see this picture.
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
Job Risk Factors • Weight of the Object • Location (position of load w.r.t. worker) • Frequency of Lifts • Stability of the Load • Hand Coupling • Workplace Geometry Twisting/Stooping • Environmental Factors ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
Personal Risk Factors • Gender • Age • Anthropometry • Lift technique • Attitude • Strength • Training
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
Examples of Manual Handling Controls • Avoid extreme range of motion when lifting • Redesign work station/work area to allow freedom of movement • Provide handles on material handling equipment • Provide liftassist devices and tables • Unit Load Concept
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
Job Design • Can reduce onethird of compensable LBP • Minimize reach and lift distances • Keep off floor • Work station design • Frequency • Relax time standard • Rotation • WorkRest allowances ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
Job Design • Minimize Weight • Mechanical aids • Carton capacity • Balance contents • Convert • Carry to push/pull • Push over pull • Use large wheels
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
Training • Focus on awareness and avoidance • Get object as close to body as possible • Planning • Use of handling aids • Back Schools • Strength and fitness important ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
NIOSH Lifting Equation 1991 Version
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
NIOSH Lifting Equation • Objective: Reduce occurrence of liftingrelated LBP • 1981 and 1991 equations • 1981 limited to sagittal plane • 1991 includes asymmetry and coupling
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
Disqualifiers for Use • One handed lifts • More than 8 hours • Seated or kneeling • Restricted work space • Unstable Objects • Carrying, pushing or pulling while lifting
• Wheelbarrows or shovels • High speed motion • Unreasonable foot/floor coupling • Unfavorable environment
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
Definition of Terms • RWL = Recommended weight limit • LC = Load constant • HM = Horizontal multiplier • VM = Vertical multiplier
• DM = Distance multiplier • AM = Asymmetric multiplier • FM = Frequency multiplier • CM = Coupling multiplier
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
1991 Equation
RWL = LC x HM x VM x DM x AM x FM x CM
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
1991 Guide • Compare RWL to Actual Load (L) • If Greater than or equal to 1 problem
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
Lifting Index L RWL
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
1991 Multipliers • LC = 51 Pounds • HM = 10/H • VM = 1.0075 x / V30/ • DM = .82 + (1.8/D) • AM = 1 – (.0032 x A) • FM go to Table ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
NIOSH Worksheet
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
Lifting Example
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
NIOSH Workshop
QuickTimeª and a Sorenson Video 3 decompressor are needed to see this picture.
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
NIOSH Workshop
Start of Lift
End of Lift
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
NIOSH 1991 Lifting Calculator NIOSH Lifting Guidelines -- Job Analysis
Notes Packer
Enter values in Yellow area. For Composite Lifting Index (CLI) to be computed correctly, sort tasks in decreasing order based on LI by pressing button.
Sort Task No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
CLI = 0.3 1991 Guide RWL LI 24.3 0.2 12.2 0.4 11.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1981 Guide AL MPL 29.0 87.0 13.3 39.9 11.4 34.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Object Wt. (lbs) L (avg) L (max) 5.0 5.0 5.0
Hand Location (inches) Origin Destination H V H V 18.0 30.0 15.0 40.0 18.0 30.0 30.0 15.0 18.0 30.0 30.0 52.0
Asymmetry Period Freq (degrees) (hours) (#/min) Handle Orig Dest P F C 15 0 4.0 0.4 Poor 15 0 4.0 0.4 Poor 15 0 4.0 0.4 Poor
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
WISHA
Calculator for Analyzing Lifting Operations
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
www.lni.wa.gov/wisha/ergo/calculator/ergo_workshopIE.htm ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
WISHA Workshop
QuickTimeª and a Sorenson Video 3 decompressor are needed to see this picture.
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
WISHA If the job is a hazard • Reduce weight of load • Increase weight of load so that it requires mechanical assist • Reduce the capacity of the container • Etc. ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
References • Applications guide for the revised NIOSH lifting equation – On CD • Elements of Ergonomic Programs – On CD • Musculoskeletal Disorders and Workplace Factors – On CD • Work Practices Guide for Manual Lifting NIOSH 81122
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
What does the worker need to know from this presentation?
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING
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