Material Handling

  • May 2020
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The Back and  Material Handling Issues

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

The Spinal Column

Cervical Thoracic Lumbar

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

The Basic Structure

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Epidemiology of Back Injuries Short Term or acute effects: • Sharp Surfaces • Dropped Material • Struck­by Moving Materials • Mechanical Stress • Slips and Falls • “Simpler” Cause and effect relationship

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Epidemiology Chronic or Long Term Effects • Back Ache or Pain • Disc Degeneration • Cause and effect not  as simple, more difficult  to analyze

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Return to Work • Out more than 6 months only 50% chance  of returning • One year only 25% • Management and Practitioner Training One study showed that claims dropped from  200K to 20K per year by providing modified  work and conservative treat 

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Material Handling • Lifting/Lowering • Pushing/Pulling • Carrying • Weights and Forces • Frequency of Activities • Load Center of Gravity

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Material Handling

QuickTimeª and a Sorenson Video 3 decompressor are needed to see this picture.

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Job Risk Factors • Weight of the Object • Location (position of load  w.r.t. worker) • Frequency of Lifts • Stability of the Load • Hand Coupling • Workplace Geometry  Twisting/Stooping • Environmental Factors ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Personal Risk Factors • Gender • Age • Anthropometry • Lift technique • Attitude • Strength • Training

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Examples of  Manual Handling Controls • Avoid extreme range of motion when lifting • Redesign work station/work area to allow  freedom of movement • Provide handles on material handling equipment • Provide lift­assist devices and tables • Unit Load Concept

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Job Design • Can reduce one­third of  compensable LBP • Minimize reach and lift  distances • Keep off floor • Work station design • Frequency • Relax time standard • Rotation • Work­Rest allowances ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Job Design • Minimize Weight • Mechanical aids • Carton capacity • Balance contents • Convert • Carry to push/pull • Push over pull • Use large wheels 

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Training • Focus on awareness and  avoidance • Get object as close to body  as possible • Planning • Use of handling aids • Back Schools • Strength and fitness  important   ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

NIOSH Lifting Equation 1991 Version

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

NIOSH Lifting Equation • Objective:  Reduce occurrence of  lifting­related LBP • 1981 and 1991 equations • 1981 limited to sagittal plane • 1991 includes asymmetry and coupling

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Disqualifiers for Use • One handed lifts • More than 8 hours • Seated or kneeling • Restricted work space • Unstable Objects • Carrying, pushing or  pulling while lifting

• Wheelbarrows  or shovels • High speed motion • Unreasonable  foot/floor coupling • Unfavorable  environment

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Definition of Terms • RWL = Recommended  weight limit • LC = Load constant • HM = Horizontal  multiplier • VM  = Vertical  multiplier

• DM = Distance  multiplier • AM = Asymmetric  multiplier • FM = Frequency  multiplier • CM = Coupling  multiplier

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

1991 Equation

 RWL = LC x HM x VM x DM x AM x FM x CM

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

1991 Guide • Compare RWL to Actual Load (L) • If Greater than or equal to 1 problem

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Lifting Index   L RWL

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

1991 Multipliers • LC = 51 Pounds • HM = 10/H • VM = 1­.0075 x / V­30/ • DM = .82 + (1.8/D) • AM = 1 – (.0032 x A) • FM go to Table ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

NIOSH Worksheet

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

Lifting Example

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

NIOSH Workshop

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ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

NIOSH Workshop

Start of Lift

End of Lift

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

NIOSH 1991 Lifting Calculator NIOSH Lifting Guidelines -- Job Analysis

Notes Packer

Enter values in Yellow area. For Composite Lifting Index (CLI) to be computed correctly, sort tasks in decreasing order based on LI by pressing button.

Sort Task No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

CLI = 0.3 1991 Guide RWL LI 24.3 0.2 12.2 0.4 11.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

1981 Guide AL MPL 29.0 87.0 13.3 39.9 11.4 34.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Object Wt. (lbs) L (avg) L (max) 5.0 5.0 5.0

Hand Location (inches) Origin Destination H V H V 18.0 30.0 15.0 40.0 18.0 30.0 30.0 15.0 18.0 30.0 30.0 52.0

Asymmetry Period Freq (degrees) (hours) (#/min) Handle Orig Dest P F C 15 0 4.0 0.4 Poor 15 0 4.0 0.4 Poor 15 0 4.0 0.4 Poor

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

WISHA

Calculator for Analyzing Lifting Operations

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

www.lni.wa.gov/wisha/ergo/calculator/ergo_workshopIE.htm ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

WISHA Workshop

QuickTimeª and a Sorenson Video 3 decompressor are needed to see this picture.

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

WISHA If the job is a hazard • Reduce weight of load • Increase weight of load so that it  requires mechanical assist • Reduce the capacity of the container • Etc. ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

References • Applications guide for the revised NIOSH  lifting equation – On CD • Elements of Ergonomic Programs – On CD • Musculoskeletal Disorders and Workplace  Factors – On CD • Work Practices Guide for Manual Lifting NIOSH 81­122

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

What does the worker need to  know from this presentation?

ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: THE BACK & MATERIAL HANDLING

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