Marine Current

MARINE CURRENTS:AN EMERGING NONCONVENTIAL ENERGY

AUTHORS DETAILS AUTHOR 1: Name:Siddhardha.R Class:3/4 B.E.[MECH] S.R.K.R.ENGG.COLLEGE,BHIMAVARAM. E-Mail:[email protected] AUTHOR 2: Name:P.Eswara Rao Class:3/4 B.E.[MECH] S.R.K.R.ENGG.COLLEGE,BHIMAVARAM. E-Mail ID:eswarmighty @rediff.com

Abstract: This paper discusses the background

offer huge open spaces where future

to the development of a unique and

new energy technologies could be

novel technique for power generation

deployed on a grand scale, without

using the kinetic energy of tidal

impact on either the environment or

streams

marine

on other human activities.Arguably,

currents.The main factor to develop

unless we develop and use marine

non-conventional energy sources is

renewable energy resources we will

an

minimise

not be able to meet our future energy

greenhouse gas emissions before

needs without continuing to burn

atmospheric

causes

increasing quantities of fossil fuels;

irreversible and probably disastrous

this is the main argument for

changes to our ecosystem.Land-

investing in these new and so far

based renewable energy technologies

little-developed energy solutions

are already facing constraints due to

.

urgent

and

other

need

to

pollution

conflicts over land-use, so the seas

THE TIDAL STREAM RESOURCE Although the tidal stream

regularly and predictably since it is

resource is potentially enormous, in

driven by the gravitational interactions

most sea areas the velocities, and

resulting from the relative motion of

hence the energy densities, are too

the earth, the moon and the sun.

low for economic exploitation.

Therefore this is a unique renewable

Therefore the resource of interest to

resource that is relatively potent, yet is

us can only usefully be exploited in

independent of random weather

comparatively few places where fast

conditions Marine currents have the

currents occur regularly.

potential to supply a significant

The velocities needed for potentially

fraction of future electricity needs and,

cost-effective power generation

if successfully

involve relatively rapid tidal currents

developed, the technology required

typically with peak velocities at Spring

could form the basis of a major new

Tide in the region of 2 to 3m/s.The

industry to produce clean power for

gross kinetic energy in such flows is

the 21st century.

extremely large and it appears

POWER OF THE TIDAL STREAM RESOURCE Water currents offer an analogous

where

is the density of water, A is

energy resource to wind; kinetic

the cross-sectional area of the rotor

energy of the moving fluid can

and V is the free-stream velocity of

similarly by extracted and applied by

the current

using a suitable type of turbine rotor.

The consequence of this “cube law”

The power available from a stream

relationship is that power and hence

of water is:

energy capture are highly sensitive to velocity.

.

PRACTICAL MARINE CURRENT TURBINE

PRINCIPLE AND WORKING OF MARINE CURRENT TURBINE Marine current turbines work, in principle, much like submerged windmills,but driven

maintenance. The technology does not offer any serious threat to fish or marine mammals. The rotors turn slowly (10 to 20 rpm). turbines will

by flowing water rather than air.

generally be installed in batches of

They can be installed in the places

about 10 to 20 machines..

with high tidal currents to take out

Energy yield

energy from the huge volumes of the

Marine current energy is a particularly

flowing water..

attractive renewable energy source.

It consists of a twin axial flow

The velocities in good tidal stream

rotors each driving a generator. The

areas are a fraction of typical wind cut-

twin power units of each system are

out speeds, but they are steadier and

mounted on wing like extensions

accurately predictable. This means

either side of a tubular steel

there should be less need of storage

monopile which is set into a hole

and easier integration within network

drilled in the sea bed.

planning.

The steel pile

and other main structural elements in

In addition, the increased density of

an the tidal turbine have cathodic

water in comparison to air means that

protection and the rotor is constructed from glass and carbon fibre reinforced

it has higher energy intensity than

composite materials which are not

most renewables (four times as much

significantly effected by contact with

as wind).

seawater A unique, patented feature of

This means that marine turbines can be

this technology is that the turbines and accompanying power units can be raised bodily up the support pile clear above sea-level to permit access for

much smaller than wind turbines, as shown in the next page.

Comparison with other resources The advantages of marine current

technology however, is the high

energy over other renewables can be

capital cost, as technology is in it’s

clearly observed in the table below,

infancy.

although actual characteristics will vary according to generator design. One of the major drawbacks of this 01000900000314bf00000000efbe000000000400000003010800050000000b0200000000050 000000c02aa003b02030000001e000400000007010400efbe0000410b2000cc00a9003a0200 000000a9003a0200000000280000003a020000a90000000100080000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000000000000ffffff00fefefe000808080010101000f7f7f7001818 1800efefef00212121000000080008000000080800000008000008000800101008001008080 0fefeef00fefef700fef7fe00f7fef700f7fefe00f7f7ef00f7eff700f7effe00efeffe0029215200f7f7fe00 1808520018105200101039001010420021184a001008520018104a00211042002110520010 084200080042001010520000004a001000630010005a0018184a000800520008005a001808 4a001808630008004a0018185a00eff7fe0021104a00181039001008630008085a0010185200 e7effe00000052000800630010086b0010085a0010103100180873001818420008085200081 04a0018186b0018105a0018104200211852000810520000005a0010084a000810630008086 b00000063000008630018086b00080842000808630010105a001018390000085a0010104a0 000006b0008185a0008087b0008084a000000730008106b00deeffe00effefe0008007b00e7e7 fe0008087300101063000810730000086b0010087b0018106b0000084a0008105a00181073 00000042000008520008006b00181063000810420008083900081039000008420010083100 1008390018085a00fef7f700180842002118420029295200efeff700f7feef00eff7f70021214a00 18183900feeffe0010184a0029214a00e7f7fe00000039001000310021105a0010006b0000105 a001008730008007300000873001818630010106b00efe7fe001818520021186300eff7ef0000 083900100039001000520010004a0021185a00101842000808310018213900212142001000 7300080829000800310010007b00effef70000003100080039001818310018087b0010004200 211063002929420029186300f7f7e7002118390010082900000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

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20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202000002020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020000020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020

20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202000002020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020000020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020

20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202000003000300030003000300030 00300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000 30003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030 00300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000 30003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030 00300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000 30003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030 00300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000 30003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030 00300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000 30003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030 00300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000 30003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030 00300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000 30003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030 00300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003000 30003000000020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202000002020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020205020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020 20202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020

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02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202000002 02050202020202020202020502020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020502020202020202020202020202020205020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202021202 0202472b2c4e66352829201202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020205020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020000020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020205020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020400020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 020202020202020202020202020202020202141a56394a6883392c121a1402020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 00030202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202030302 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020303020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020303020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202 02020203000202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202000002020202 03000002020005020300000202000003000300030203000000030002030302000002020205

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Conclusion In conclusion, we believe that the

head on with most forms of fossil

intense and predictable marine

fuelled power generation at present-

current resource offers the possibility

day costs.

of clean energy at a cost that will ultimately be competitive not only with the other renewables, but in the long run we believe we can compete

,