Major Project Vicky (1).docx

A Mini Project Report on GLASS FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

in CIVIL ENGINEERING by D.SAI KRISHNA (15J41A0113) O. MANISH (15J41A0143) T. NAVEEN (15J41A0156) J. RAJU (16J45AO112)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

MALLA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) (An Autonomous Institution approved by UGC and affiliated to JNTUH, Approved by AICTE, Accredited by NAAC with ‘A’ Grade and NBA & Recipient of World Bank Assistance under TEQIP Phase- II S.C.1.1) Maisammaguda, Dhulapally (Post. Via. Kompally), Secunderabad – 500 100.

2018

MALLA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) (An Autonomous Institution approved by UGC and affiliated to JNTUH, Approved by AICTE, Accredited by NAAC with ‘A’ Grade and NBA & Recipient of World Bank Assistance under TEQIP Phase- II S.C.1.1) Maisammaguda, Dhulapally (Post. Via. Kompally), Secunderabad – 500 100.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the mini project titled “GLASS FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE " a bonafide workdone by D. SAI KRISHNA (15J41A0113), O. MANISH (15J41A0143), T. NAVEEN (15J41A0156) , J.RAJU (16J45A0112) of Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering of Malla Reddy Engineering College (Autonomous) has not been submitted for the award of any other Degree/Diploma of any Institution/University.

Project Guide

Head of the Department

External Examiner

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this Mini Project Report titled on “GLASS FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE” is original and bonafide work of my own and has not been copied from any earlier reports.

D. SAI KRISHNA (15J41A0113) O. MANISH (15J41A0143) T. NAVEEN (15J41A0156) J. RAJU (16J45A0112)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I express my sincere gratitude to N. SHIVA REDDY, Asst.Professor, Civil Engineering Department for being strong and supportive advisor, providing timely suggestions, critical evaluation and encouragement as a Guide without which the work would not have been carried out successfully. I would like to thank Dr.SELWIN BABU, Head, Department of Civil Engineering, Malla Reddy Engineering College for giving the freedom to use all the facilities available in the department, for successful completion of project. I express my deep sense of gratitude to our Principal, Dr. S. SUDHAKARA REDDY, for providing valuable and timely help which was vital for my work. I express my regards to in-charge and staff of respective laboratories of Civil Engineering Department and library for their help during the course. I would like to give heartfelt appreciation to my parents, who supported me morally and financially during my entire project period.

D. SAI KRISHNA (15J41A0113) O. MANISH (15J41A0143) T. NAVEEN (15J41A0156) J. RAJU (16J45A0112)

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ABSTRACT  In the 1940’s, potential of glass as a construction material was realized and improvement continued with the addition of zirconium dioxide in 1960's for harsh alkali conditions.  To enhance durability of materials, new generation of glass fibers directed to improvement process. In this way, glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) was started to produce for the satisfaction of different demands. 

GFRC can be used wherever a light, strong, fire resistant, weather resistant, attractive, impermeable material is needed.

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As technology advances, it is possibly expected to build the whole building and complex freeform with low cost.

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In recent years, the effect of glass fibers in hybrid mixtures has been investigated for high-performance concrete (HPC), an emerging technology termed, which has become popular in the construction industry.

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Keywords: Glass, Fiber, Reinforcement, Concrete, Properties, Application, Development

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CONTENTS Page no. Abstract

i

List of Figures

ii

List of Table

iii

Chapter-1 Introduction

1-7

iv

Chapter-2 Literature review

8-14

Chapter-3 Study Area

15-22

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Chapter-4 Results and Discussions

23-32

Chapter-5 Conclusion

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REFERENCE

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LIST OF FIGURES

Fig No.

Description

Page No.

vii

LIST OF TABLES Table No.

Description

Page No.

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CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION

Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) or (GRC) is a type of fiber reinforced concrete. Glass fiber concretes are mainly used in exterior building façade panels and as architectural precast concrete. This material is very good in making shapes on the front of any building and it is less dense than steel. GFRC is a form of concrete that uses fine sand, cement, polymer (usually an acrylic polymer), water, other admixtures and alkali-resistant glass fibers. Many mix designs are freely available on various websites, but all share similarities in ingredient proportions. Glass fibre reinforced cementitious composites have been developed mainly for the production of thin sheet components, with a paste or mortar matrix, and~5% fibre content. Other applications have been considered, either by making reinforcing bars with continuous glass fibres joined together and impregnated with plastics, or by

making similar short, rigid units, impregnated with epoxy, to be dispersed inthe concrete during mixing. Glass fibres are produced in a process in which molten glass is drawn in the form of filaments, through the bottom of a heated platinum tank or bushing. Usually, 204 filaments are drawn simultaneously and they solidify while cooling outside the heated tank; they are then collected on a drum into a strand consisting of the 204 filaments. Prior to winding, the filaments are coated with a sizing which protects the filaments against weather and abrasion effects, as well as binding them together in the strand OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY In the study, the following objectives are envisaged: i)

Study the mix design aspects of the GRC. ii) Understand the various applications involving GRC. iii) Compare GRC with alternatives such as stone, aluminum, wood, glass, steel, marble and granite. iv) Perform laboratory tests that are related to compressive, tensile and flexure by use of glass fibre in the concrete pour.

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CHAPTER-2 LITERATURE REVIEW Kavita Kene, et al conducted experimental study on behavior of steel and glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete Composites. The study conducted on Fiber Reinforced concrete with steel fibers of 0% and 0.5% volume fraction and alkali resistant glass fibers containing 0% and 25% by weight of cement of 12 mm cut length, compared the result. G. Jyothi Kumari, et al studied behavior of concrete beams reinforced with glass fiber reinforced polymer flats and observed that beams with silica coated Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) flats shear reinforcement have shown failure at higher loads. Further they observed that GFRP flats as shear reinforcement exhibit fairly good ductility. The strength of the composites, flats or bars depends upon the fiber orientation and fiber to matrix ratio while higher the fiber content higher the higher the tensile strength. Dr. P. Srinivasa Rao, et al conducted durability studies

on glass fiber reinforced concrete. The alkali resistant glass fibers were used to find out workability, resistance of concrete due to acids, sulphate and rapid chloride permeability test of M30, M40 and M50 grade of glass fiber reinforced concrete and ordinary concrete. The durability of concrete was increased by adding alkali resistant glass fibers in the concrete. The experimental study showed that addition of glass fibers in concrete gives a reduction in bleeding. The addition of glass fibers had shown improvement in the resistance of concrete to the attack of acids. S. H. Alsayed, et al studied the performance of glass fiber reinforced plastic bars as reinforcing material for concrete structures. The study revealed that the flexural capacity of concrete beams reinforced by GFRP bars can be accurately estimated usingthe ultimate design theory. The study also revealed that as GFRP bars have low modulus of elasticity, deflection criteria may control the design of intermediate and long beams reinforced with FDRP bars. Yogesh Murthy, et al studied the performance of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete. The study revealed that the use of glass fiber in concrete not only improves the properties of concrete and a small cost cutting but also provide easy outlet to dispose the glass as environmental waste from the industry. From the study it could be revealed that the flexural strength of the beam with 1.5% glass fiber shows almost 30% increase in the strength. The reduction in slump observed with the increase in glass fiber content. Avinash Gornale, et al studied the strength aspect of glass fiber reinforced concrete. The study had revealed that the increase in compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength for M20, M30 and M40 grade of concrete at 3, 7 and 28 days were observed to be 20% to 30%, 25% to 30% and 25% to 30% respectively after the addition of glass fibers as compared to the plain concrete.

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CHAPTER-3 METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY Some test research on concrete with Glass fibre are collected so as to gain differences between them, when using different ratios of glass fibre. The test is carried out on the cube specimen 150x150x150mm and 100mm x100mmx100m.Cast iron moulds are used to cast the cubes having leak proof metal base plate. The joints between the section of moulds are thinly coated with the mould oil to prevent adhesion of concrete to the mould surface. All materials should be thoroughly mixed, for (23) minutes, before adding the glass fibres. After mixing glass fibre, for 1 minute, the cubes are casted. Curing After moulding, the specimens are stored on the site free from vibration under damp matting, sack or other similar material for 24 hours from the time of addition of water to the other ingredients. The temperature of place of storage was within the range of 220c to 32oc. After a period of 24 hours cubes were marked. After removing from the moulds, cubes were stored in clean potable water at a temperature of 240c to 300c until they were transported to the testing laboratory. In flexural test the beam specimen is placed in the machine in such a manner that the load is applied to the upper most surface as cast in the mould .All beams are tested under two points in Universal testing machine of 60 tones capacity .The load is applied at a rate loading 10cm x10cm x50cm specimens. The load is increased until the specimen failed and the failure load is recorded. The flexural strength is calculated from the equation. Fb = PL/bd2 When ‘a’ is greater than 20cms or Fb = 3Pa/bd2 When ‘a’ is less than 20cms but greater than 17cms 3.1. Mix Design Of Conventional Concrete The Design mix of M20 was prepared using IS code 3.2. Batching Up Of Materials Appropriate quantity of materials were calculated by volume and mixed in following proportions: Volume of cement = 09.20 kg Volume of coarse aggregates = 23.66 kg Volume of fine aggregates = 29.87 kg Volume of water = 03.68 kg The materials were mixed by hand mixing process and the workability of the mix was checked simultaneously by performing various workability tests such as Slump cone test and Compaction factor tests so as to ensure proper compaction, avoid bleeding of concrete and segregation of aggregate. SLUMP CONE TEST: The test was performed on the concrete mix to guess its workability. COMPACTION FACTOR TEST: As the slump is not the true guide for workability, so compaction factor test was also performed. 3.3. Casting Of Beams, Cubes And Cylinder A total of three beams, 1 cylinder and three cubes were casted for conventional Concrete. Dimension of beam= 50cmx10cmx10cm Dimension of cylinder; r=10cm , h=15cm Dimension of cube= 15cmx15cmx15cm The molds were filled with concrete in three layers and each layer was tamed uniformly with tamping rod to prevent the formation of voids and provide better compaction.

3.4. Tests Performed On Conventional Concrete COMPRESSION TEST: This test was performed on the cubes with the help of compression testing machine, and the compressive strength of the concrete was calculated. FOUR POINT LOADING FLEXURE TEST: This test was performed using flexure testing machine, so as to calculate the flexure strength of the beam, under 4 point loading. 3.5. Batching Up Of Materials For Glass Fibre Reinforced Concrete The glass fibre “Recron 3s” was ordered from a supplier in Delhi, and the rest of material was assembles in the similar manner as for conventional concrete. The only difference was that the glass fibre was poured in the mixer one or two minutes before the machine was stopped. In this case the material was mixed using Concrete mixer. The aggregates, sand, cement, water was poured into the machine and it was run for about 5-8 minutes followed by the addition of glass fibre The Glass fibre before adding to the concrete was soaked in the water for minutes so that it doesn’t break during mixing.

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CHAPTER-4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1.Effect Of Glass Fibre On Workabilty Of GFRC

The workability of concrete of M20 was estimated in terms of compaction factor for addition of 0.03% glass fibre by weight of concrete. It was observed that the addition of glass fibre, the compaction factor of 0.91 was achieved. Compaction Factor = Weight of partially compacted concrete Weight of completely compacted concrete 4.2.Compressive Strength Of Ordinary Concrete And Glass Fibre Concrete Mixes TABLE1 gives the compressive strength values of ordinary concrete and glass fibre reinforced concrete mixes and the value for M20 grade is 24.37 – 28.53 N/mm2for 28 days. 4.3.Flexural Strength Of Ordinary Concrete And Glass Fibre Concrete Mixes TABLE1 gives the flexural strength values of ordinary concrete and

glass fibre reinforced concrete mixes and the value for M20 grade is 2.98 – 3.43 N/mm2 for 28 days.

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CHAPTER-5 CONCLUSION 1. The modulus of elasticity of glass fibre reinforced concrete is increases 4.14% compared with conventional reinforced concrete 2. . 2. The percentage increase of compressive strength of various grades of glass fibre concrete mixes compared with 28 days compressive strength is observed 37% 3. . 3. The percentage increase of flexure strength of various grades of glass fibre concrete mixes compared with 28 days compressive strength is observed 5.19% 4. Addition of glass fibre improves the toughness, flexural strength, ductility as well as compressive strength of concrete

5. . 5. A very small volume of glass fibre is required upto 0.33 % of weight of cement content. Further addition may decrease the strength of concrete.

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REFERENCE

[1]. Saint Gobain Vetrotex, Cem – Fil. 2002. “Why Alkaline Resistant Glass Fibers”. In Technical data sheets.www.cemfil.com [2]. Siva kumar, A. and Santhanam Manu. 2007. Mechanical Properties of High Strength Concrete Reinforced with Metallic and NonMetallic Fibers. Cement and Concrete Composites (29) pp. 603–608. [3]. Perumalasamy N.Balaguru shah “ fiber reinforced cement composites .” [4]. Arnon Bentur and Sidney Mindess, “Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Composites”, Second Edition 2007, Chapter 8, (pp 278) [5]. Alan J. Brookes, “Cladding of Buildings”, Third Edition Published 2002, (pp 82). [6]. U. M. Ghare, “Manufacture of Glass Fibre Reinforced Concrete Products”, Unit 1, Division of YOGI group UAE, August 2008.

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