Magnetometer
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A magnetometer is a scientific instrument used to measure the strength and/or direction of the magnetic field in the vicinity of the instrument. Earth's magnetism varies from place to place and differences in the Earth's magnetic field (the magnetosphere) can be caused by two things: 1. The differing nature of rocks 2. The interaction between charged particles from the sun and the magnetosphere
Uses Magnetometers are used in geophysical surveys to find deposits of iron because they can measure the magnetic field variations caused by the deposits. Magnetometers are also used to detect archaeological sites, shipwrecks and other buried or submerged objects. Magnetic anomaly detectors detect submarines for military purposes. A magnetometer can also be used by satellites like GOES to measure both the magnitude and direction of the earth's magnetic field. They are used in directional drilling for oil or gas to detect the azimuth of the drilling tools near the drill bit. They are most often paired up with accelerometers in drilling tools so the both the inclination and azimuth of the drill bit can be found. Magnetometers are very sensitive, and can give an indication of possible auroral activity before one can see the light from the aurora. A grid of magnetometers around the world constantly measures the effect of the solar wind on the earth's magnetic field.
Types Magnetometers can be divided into two basic types: • •
scalar magnetometers measure the total strength of the magnetic field to which they are subjected, and vector magnetometers have the capability to measure the component of the magnetic field in a particular direction.
The use of three orthogonal vector magnetometers allows the magnetic field strength, inclination and declination to be uniquely defined. Examples of vector magnetometers are fluxgates and superconducting quantum interference devices, or SQUIDs. Some scalar magnetometers are discussed below. A magnetograph is a special magnetometer that continuously records data.
Uses Magnetometers are used in geophysical surveys to find deposits of iron because they can measure the magnetic field variations caused by the deposits. Magnetometers are also used to detect archaeological sites, shipwrecks and other buried or submerged objects. Magnetic anomaly detectors detect submarines for military purposes. A magnetometer can also be used by satellites like GOES to measure both the magnitude and direction of the earth's magnetic field. They are used in directional drilling for oil or gas to detect the azimuth of the drilling tools near the drill bit. They are most often paired up with accelerometers in drilling tools so the both the inclination and azimuth of the drill bit can be found. Magnetometers are very sensitive, and can give an indication of possible auroral activity before one can see the light from the aurora. A grid of magnetometers around the world constantly measures the effect of the solar wind on the earth's magnetic field.
Types Magnetometers can be divided into two basic types: • •
scalar magnetometers measure the total strength of the magnetic field to which they are subjected, and vector magnetometers have the capability to measure the component of the magnetic field in a particular direction.
The use of three orthogonal vector magnetometers allows the magnetic field strength, inclination and declination to be uniquely defined. Examples of vector magnetometers are fluxgates and superconducting quantum interference devices, or SQUIDs. Some scalar magnetometers are discussed below. A magnetograph is a special magnetometer that continuously records data.
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Magnetometer
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