Lipid Metabolism
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LIPID METABOLISM
LIPID METABOLISM
Free fatty acids Monoglycerides
Fatty Acid Metabolism LIPIDS
Lipoproteins Fatty Acids Bile salts NADH
Steroid hormones Cholesterol Ketone Acetyl -bodies CoA
TCAC
LIPID METABOLISM Synthesis of fatty acids Ketogenic amino acids Excess dietary carbohydrates Exported as VLDL Converts fatty acids to ketone bodies during fasting. Synthesis of cholesterol derivatives.
METABOLISM FOOD
PROTEINS
CARBOHYDRATES
AMINO ACIDS
MONOSACCHARIDES
GLYCOLYSIS PYRUVATE
STAGE 1 Hydrolysis of macromolecules to subunits
FATS FATTY ACIDS + GLYCEROL STAGE 2 Conversion of subunits to Acetyl CoA
ACETYL CoA STAGE 3 CITRIC ACID CYCLE
Production of ATP
FATTY ACID DEGRADATION β – Oxidation Breakdown of fatty acids to acetyl CoA REACTIONS Activation Oxidation Hydration Oxidation Cleavage
O CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 2 ATP
C
OH
O
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2
CoA
C
FADH
O
2
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2
O
OH CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH
CH2
CoA
C O
O
N ADH
CoA
C
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH CH2
CoA
C
O
O CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH
CoA
CH2
C
CoA
SUMMARY OF ENERGY YIELD ENERGY YIELD
ATP EQUIVALENT
OXIDATION
FADH2
2 ATPs
OXIDATION
NADH
3 ATPs
CITRIC ACID CYCLE
Acetyl CoA
12 ATPs
PROCESS
ACTIVATION
ATP USED 2
SUMMARY OF ENERGY YIELD ENERGY YIELD
ATP EQUIVALENT
OXIDATION
5 FADH2
10 ATPs
OXIDATION
5 NADH
15 ATPs
CITRIC ACID CYCLE
6 Acetyl CoA
72 ATPs
PROCESS
ACTIVATION
ATP USED 2
TOTAL
95 ATPs
EXERCISE
Compute for the energy yield of the complete oxidation of palmitic acid (16 carbon) stearic acid (18 carbon)
PALMITIC ACID ENERGY YIELD
ATP EQUIVALENT
OXIDATION
7 FADH2
14 ATPs
OXIDATION
7 NADH
21 ATPs
CITRIC ACID CYCLE
8 Acetyl CoA
96 ATPs
PROCESS
ACTIVATION
ATP USED 2
TOTAL
129 ATPs
STEARIC ACID ENERGY YIELD
ATP EQUIVALENT
OXIDATION
8 FADH2
16 ATPs
OXIDATION
8 NADH
24 ATPs
CITRIC ACID CYCLE
9 Acetyl CoA
108 ATPs
PROCESS
ACTIVATION
ATP USED 2
TOTAL
146 ATPs
KETOGENESIS
Production of ketone bodies from acetyl CoA β –hydroxybutyrate acetone acetoacetate
METABOLISM CELLULAR FUNCTION
Metabolism Carbohydrates
Energy
Lipids
Amino acids
LIPID METABOLISM
Free fatty acids Monoglycerides
Fatty Acid Metabolism LIPIDS
Lipoproteins Fatty Acids Bile salts NADH
Steroid hormones Cholesterol Ketone Acetyl -bodies CoA
TCAC
LIPID METABOLISM Synthesis of fatty acids Ketogenic amino acids Excess dietary carbohydrates Exported as VLDL Converts fatty acids to ketone bodies during fasting. Synthesis of cholesterol derivatives.
METABOLISM FOOD
PROTEINS
CARBOHYDRATES
AMINO ACIDS
MONOSACCHARIDES
GLYCOLYSIS PYRUVATE
STAGE 1 Hydrolysis of macromolecules to subunits
FATS FATTY ACIDS + GLYCEROL STAGE 2 Conversion of subunits to Acetyl CoA
ACETYL CoA STAGE 3 CITRIC ACID CYCLE
Production of ATP
FATTY ACID DEGRADATION β – Oxidation Breakdown of fatty acids to acetyl CoA REACTIONS Activation Oxidation Hydration Oxidation Cleavage
O CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 2 ATP
C
OH
O
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2
CoA
C
FADH
O
2
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2
O
OH CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH
CH2
CoA
C O
O
N ADH
CoA
C
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH CH2
CoA
C
O
O CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH
CoA
CH2
C
CoA
SUMMARY OF ENERGY YIELD ENERGY YIELD
ATP EQUIVALENT
OXIDATION
FADH2
2 ATPs
OXIDATION
NADH
3 ATPs
CITRIC ACID CYCLE
Acetyl CoA
12 ATPs
PROCESS
ACTIVATION
ATP USED 2
SUMMARY OF ENERGY YIELD ENERGY YIELD
ATP EQUIVALENT
OXIDATION
5 FADH2
10 ATPs
OXIDATION
5 NADH
15 ATPs
CITRIC ACID CYCLE
6 Acetyl CoA
72 ATPs
PROCESS
ACTIVATION
ATP USED 2
TOTAL
95 ATPs
EXERCISE
Compute for the energy yield of the complete oxidation of palmitic acid (16 carbon) stearic acid (18 carbon)
PALMITIC ACID ENERGY YIELD
ATP EQUIVALENT
OXIDATION
7 FADH2
14 ATPs
OXIDATION
7 NADH
21 ATPs
CITRIC ACID CYCLE
8 Acetyl CoA
96 ATPs
PROCESS
ACTIVATION
ATP USED 2
TOTAL
129 ATPs
STEARIC ACID ENERGY YIELD
ATP EQUIVALENT
OXIDATION
8 FADH2
16 ATPs
OXIDATION
8 NADH
24 ATPs
CITRIC ACID CYCLE
9 Acetyl CoA
108 ATPs
PROCESS
ACTIVATION
ATP USED 2
TOTAL
146 ATPs
KETOGENESIS
Production of ketone bodies from acetyl CoA β –hydroxybutyrate acetone acetoacetate
METABOLISM CELLULAR FUNCTION
Metabolism Carbohydrates
Energy
Lipids
Amino acids
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