Lingua Franca 12 Jul-aug 2007
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K.E.M.¶.A£. 4687 ENTY¶O K§EI™TO AP. A¢EIA™ 2013 K.E.M.¶.A£.
¶ÚÔıÂƯ̂˜ ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹˜ ‰ËÏÒÛÂˆÓ University Of Central Lancashire Language examinations O ¶·ÓÂÏÏ‹ÓÈÔ˜ ™‡Ó‰ÂÛÌÔ˜ I‰ÈÔÎÙËÙÒÓ K¤ÓÙÚˆÓ •¤ÓˆÓ °ÏˆÛÛÒÓ ·Ó·ÎÔ›ÓˆÛ ÙȘ ÚÔÛ¯›˜ ËÌÂÚÔÌËӛ˜ ‰ÈÂÍ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÙˆÓ ÂÍÂÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ University Of Central Lancashire Language examinations. OÈ ÂÍÂÙ¿ÛÂȘ ı· ‰ÈÂÍ·¯ıÔ‡Ó ·ÓÂÏÏ·‰Èο ÙÔ ™¿‚‚·ÙÔ, 15 & K˘Úȷ΋, 16 ¢ÂÎÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘ 2007. ¢ËÏÒÛÂȘ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ˘Ô‚ÏËıÔ‡Ó ·Ô ÙË ¢Â˘Ù¤Ú·, 29 OÎÙˆ‚Ú›Ô˘ ¤ˆ˜ ¢Â˘Ù¤Ú·, 5 NÔÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘. OÈ ÂӉȷÊÂÚfiÌÂÓÔÈ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ÚÔÌËı¢ÙÔ‡Ó ‰ËÏÒÛÂȘ ·Â˘ı›·˜ ·Ô Ù· ÁÚ·Ê›· ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÓÂÏÏËÓ›Ô˘, Aη‰ËÌ›·˜ 98-100, Aı‹Ó·, ÙËÏ. 210 3828539, ›Ù ٷ¯˘‰ÚÔÌÈο, ›Ù ·Ô ÙËÓ ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÓÈ΋ ‰È‡ı˘ÓÛË: www.europalso.gr
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MÂÁ¿ÏË Û˘Ó·˘Ï›· Europalso-EOM AMEA Ì ÙÔÓ Mȯ¿ÏË X·Ù˙ËÁÈ¿ÓÓË O ¶·ÓÂÏÏ‹ÓÈÔ˜ ™˘Ó‰ÂÛÌÔ˜ I‰ÈÔÎÙËÙÒÓ K¤ÓÙÚˆÓ •¤ÓˆÓ °ÏˆÛÛÒÓ Europalso ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÂÈ, ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ ÙˆÓ ÌÂÏÒÓ ÙÔ˘, ÌÂÁ¿ÏË Û˘Ó·˘Ï›· ·Á¿Ë˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ·ıÏËÙ¤˜ Ì·˜ Ì ·Ó·Ëڛ˜ Ì ÙÔÓ ·Á·Ë̤ÓÔ Î·ÏÏÈÙ¤¯ÓË Mȯ¿ÏË X·Ù˙ËÁÈ¿ÓÓË. H Û˘Ó·˘Ï›· ı· ‰È·Í·¯ı› ÛÙÔ ÎÏÂÈÛÙfi Á˘ÌÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈÔ OAKA, ÛÙȘ 7 OÎÙˆ‚Ú›Ô˘, ÒÚ· 17.00. T· ¤ÛÔ‰· Ù˘ Û˘Ó·˘Ï›·˜ ı· ‰È·ÙÂıÔ‡Ó ÛÙËÓ EıÓÈ΋ AıÏËÙÈ΋ OÌÔÛÔÓ‰›· AÙfiÌˆÓ Ì AÓ·ËÚ›· ÁÈ· ÙȘ ·Ó¿ÁΘ ÙˆÓ EıÓÈÎÒÓ OÌ¿‰ˆÓ AıÏËÙÒÓ Ì AÓ·ËÚ›· ÂÓfi„ÂÈ ÙˆÓ ¶·Ú·ÔÏ˘ÌÈ·ÎÒÓ AÁÒÓˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ¶ÂΛÓÔ˘ 2008. H ÂΉ‹ÏˆÛË ÙÂÏ› ˘fi ÙËÓ ·ÈÁ›‰· Ù˘ EıÓÈ΋˜ AıÏËÙÈ΋˜ OÌÔÛÔÓ‰›·˜ AÙfiÌˆÓ Ì AÓ·Ëڛ˜.
ÎÙ˜ ¶ÂÚÈʤÚÂȘ) Ë 10/12/07 ÒÚ· 12 ÙÔ ÌÂÛË̤ÚÈ, ·ÓÂÍ·Úًو˜ ÙÔ˘ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô˘ „ËÊ›Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ AºM (·Ú¿Ù·ÛË Î·Ù¿ 2 Ì‹Ó˜) — °È· Ù· ¶E¶ AÙÙÈ΋˜, £ÂÛÛ·Ï›·˜, KÚ‹Ù˘, KÂÓÙÚ. M·Î‰ÔÓ›·˜, NÔÙ. AÈÁ·›Ô˘, BÔÚ›Ԣ AÈÁ·›Ô˘, AÓ·Ù. M·Î‰ÔÓ›·˜ – £Ú¿Î˘, H›ÚÔ˘, IÔÓ›ˆÓ N‹ÛˆÓ, ¢˘Ù. M·Î‰ÔÓ›·˜ ÛÙ·‰È·Î¿ ·fi 16.10.2007 – 09.11.07 ÒÚ· 12 ÙÔ ÌÂÛË̤ÚÈ, ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ÙÔ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô „ËÊ›Ô ÙÔ˘ AºM Ù˘ Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘ (·Ú¿Ù·ÛË Î·Ù¿ 1 Ì‹Ó·) TÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô „ËÊ›Ô AºM Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘ 0: 16/10/2007, ÒÚ· 12.00 ÙÔ ÌÂÛË̤ÚÈ TÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô „ËÊ›Ô AºM Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘ 1: 18/10/2007, ÒÚ· 12.00 ÙÔ ÌÂÛË̤ÚÈ TÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô „ËÊ›Ô AºM Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘ 2: 22/10/2007, ÒÚ· 12.00 ÙÔ ÌÂÛË̤ÚÈ TÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô „ËÊ›Ô AºM Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘ 3: 24/10/2007, ÒÚ· 12.00 ÙÔ ÌÂÛË̤ÚÈ TÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô „ËÊ›Ô AºM Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘ 4: 26/10/2007, ÒÚ· 12.00 ÙÔ ÌÂÛË̤ÚÈ TÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô „ËÊ›Ô AºM Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘ 5: 30/10/2007, ÒÚ· 12.00 ÙÔ ÌÂÛË̤ÚÈ TÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô „ËÊ›Ô AºM Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘-6: 01/11//2007, ÒÚ· 12.00 ÙÔ ÌÂÛË̤ÚÈ TÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô „ËÊ›Ô AºM Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘ 7: 05/11/2007, ÒÚ· 12.00 ÙÔ ÌÂÛË̤ÚÈ TÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô „ËÊ›Ô AºM Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘ - 8: 07/11/2007, ÒÚ· 12.00 ÙÔ ÌÂÛË̤ÚÈ TÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô „ËÊ›Ô AºM Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘ - 9: 09/11/2007, ÒÚ· 12.00 ÙÔ ÌÂÛË̤ÚÈ ™ËÌÂȈ٤ÔÓ Ë Î·Ù·ÏËÎÙÈ΋ ËÌÂÚÔÌËÓ›· ·Ú·Ï·‚‹˜ ÙÔ˘ «EÓÙ‡Ô˘ YÔ‚ÔÏ‹˜» ·fi ÙÔÓ ÙÂÏÈÎfi ‰ÈηÈÔ‡¯Ô Â›Ó·È Ë ÂfiÌÂÓË ÂÚÁ¿ÛÈÌË Ë̤ڷ ·fi ÙËÓ ÂοÛÙÔÙ ˆ˜ ¿Óˆ ηٷÏËÎÙÈ΋ ËÌÂÚÔÌËÓ›· ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÓÈ΋˜ ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹˜. °È· ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜, ÔÈ ÂӉȷÊÂÚfiÌÂÓÔÈ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ·Â˘ı‡ÓÔÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÈÛÙÔÛÂÏ›‰· ÙÔ˘ Y¶OI.O. – °.°. EÂÓ‰‡ÛÂˆÓ & AÓ¿Ù˘Í˘: www.ependyseis.gr [Ù›ÙÏÔ˜ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜: EÌfiÚÈÔ & YËÚÂۛ˜ ÛÙ· ¶E¶ – KÔÈÓÔÙÈ΋ ¶ÚˆÙÔ‚Ô˘Ï›· Interreg III] Î·È ÛÙÔ EÈÌÂÏËÙ‹ÚÈÔ: (www.eep.gov.gr).
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ÓÙÔ‡ÌË: «T· ̤ÏË ÙÔ˘ Europalso Society, ÛÙËÓ AÙÙÈ΋ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Û ÔÏfiÎÏËÚË ÙËÓ EÏÏ¿‰·, ·ÔÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔ˘Ó ÎÔÈÓ¿ ÚÔÓfiÌÈ·. ¶·Ú·‰Â›ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ ¯¿ÚË, ÎÔÈÓ‹ ÙËÏÂÔÙÈ΋ ‰È·Ê‹ÌÈÛË Ì ÙÔÓ NÈÎÔ E˘·ÁÁÂÏ¿ÙÔ, Ú·‰ÈÔʈÓÈ΋ ‰È·Ê‹ÌÈÛË (ÛÙËÓ Aı‹Ó·), ·ÚÔ˘Û›·ÛË ÛÙËÓ
ÈÛÙÔÛÂÏ›‰· ÙÔ˘ ™˘Ó‰¤ÛÌÔ˘, ÎÔÈÓ¿ ¤ÓÙ˘· ‰È·ÊËÌÈÛÙÈο ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ì·ıËÙÈ΋ ÂÊËÌÂÚ›‰· ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÔ˘‰·ÛÙ¤˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û ¿ÏÏ·. ¶¤Ú· ·Ô ·˘Ù¿, Ù· ̤ÏË ÙÔ˘ Europalso Society ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÎÔÈÓ¤˜ ʈÙÂÈÓ¤˜ ÂÈÁڷʤ˜ Î·È ·ÓÒ, ·Ê›Û˜ Î·È Certificate of Membership. K¿ı ̤ÏÔ˜ ¤¯ÂÈ ÙËÓ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· Ó· ÚÔ‚¿ÏÏÂÈ ÙËÓ ÙËÏÂÔÙÈ΋ ‰È·Ê‹ÌÈÛË Ì¤Û· ÛÙÔ Û¯ÔÏÂ›Ô ÙÔ˘. TÔ Europalso Society ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÂÈ ÂȉÈο ÛÂÌÈÓ¿ÚÈ· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Âη›‰Â˘ÛË ÙˆÓ È‰›ˆÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ Î·ıËÁËÙÒÓ ÙÔ˘˜. TÔ Î˘ÚÈfiÙÂÚÔ ÏÂÔÓ¤ÎÙËÌ·, fï˜ Â›Ó·È Ë ·ÛÊ¿ÏÂÈ· Î·È Ë ÂÌÈÛÙÔÛ‡ÓË Ô˘ ÂÌÓ¤ÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÁÔÓ›˜ Î·È Ë ÔÔ›· ·ÓÙ·Ó·ÎÏ¿Ù·È ÛÙ· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÙÔ˘ Û¯ÔÏ›Ԣ Ì·˜».
MÈ· Û˘Ó¿‰ÂÏÊÔ˜ ÛÙȘ ÂıÓÈΤ˜ ÂÎÏÔÁ¤˜ M ȉȷ›ÙÂÚË ¯·Ú¿ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚËı‹Î·Ì ÙËÓ ˘Ô„ËÊÈfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ Û˘Ó·‰¤ÏÊÔ˘, Z¤ÙÙ·˜ M¤ÏÏÔ˘, ÛÙÔ „ËÊÔ‰¤ÏÙÈÔ Ù˘ N¢ ÛÙËÓ A’ AıËÓÒÓ. H Z¤ÙÙ· M¤ÏÏÔ˘, ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÛÙÔ ¯ÒÚÔ Ù˘ •ÂÓfiÁψÛÛ˘ Eη›‰Â˘Û˘ Î·È ÂÓÂÚÁfi ̤ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ PALSO.¶·ÓÙÚÂ̤ÓË Ì ÙÔÓ ·Ú¯ÈÙ¤ÎÙÔÓ· KÒÛÙ· ¶··ÎˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˘, ¤¯Ô˘Ó ¤Ó· ÁÈÔ ÙÔÓ ™Ù¤ÏÈÔ, 26 ÂÙÒÓ, ÊÔÈÙËÙ‹ ‰È‰·ÎÙÔÚÈÎÔ‡ ÛÙÔ CITY University ÙÔ˘ §ÔÓ‰›ÓÔ˘. H Z¤Ù· M¤ÏÏÔ˘ Â›Ó·È Î·ıËÁ‹ÙÚÈ·, ȉÈÔÎÙ‹ÙÚÈ· ΤÓÙÚˆÓ Í¤ÓˆÓ ÁψÛÛÒÓ Î·È ÌÂÙ·ÊÚ¿ÛÙÚÈ· ÏÔÁÔÙ¯ÓÈÎÒÓ Î·È ı·ÙÚÈÎÒÓ ¤ÚÁˆÓ. ¢ÈÂÙ¤ÏÂÛ › 8ÂÙ›· Û‡Ì‚Ô˘ÏÔ˜ ÛÙÔ E·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈÎfi EÈÌÂÏËÙ‹ÚÈÔ AıËÓÒÓ, ̤ÏÔ˜ ÂÈÙÚÔÒÓ ÁÈ· ‰ÈÂÓ¤ÚÁÂÈ· Ù·ÎÙÈÎÒÓ ‰È·ÁˆÓÈÛÌÒÓ Î·È Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÁÓÒÌˆÓ ÁÈ· Ù· ηٷÛÙ‹Ì·Ù·
Î·È ÙȘ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂȘ Ô˘ ·Ó‹ÎÔ˘Ó ÛÙÔ EEA. TÔ 2002 ·Ó·Î˘Ú‹¯ıËΠ°˘Ó·›Î· Ù˘ XÚÔÓÈ¿˜ 2002 ·fi ÙÔ American Biographical Institute ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ΋ Î·È Â·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈ΋ Ù˘ ÚÔÛÊÔÚ¿ Î·È ÙÔ 2006ÂÓÙ¿¯ıËΠÛÙÔ Order Ôf American Ambassadors (OAA) ˆ˜ ÂÈÙÈÌË Ú¤Û‚ÂÈÚ· (2006). E˘¯fiÌ·ÛÙ ÛÙËÓ Û˘Ó¿‰ÂÏÊÔ Î·È Ê›ÏË K·Ï‹ EÈÙ˘¯›·!
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™˘Ó¤ÓÙ¢ÍË ÙÔ˘ YÊ˘Ô˘ÚÁÔ‡ AÓ¿Ù˘Í˘ Î·È ˘. BÔ˘ÏÂ˘Ù‹ ¶ÂÈÚ·È¿ T¿ÛÔ˘ NÂÚ¿ÓÙ˙Ë K‡ÚÈ NÂÚ¿ÓÙ˙Ë, ÙÈ ÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È Û ·˘Ù¤˜ ÙȘ ÂÎÏÔÁ¤˜; ™’ ·˘Ù¤˜ ÙȘ ÂÎÏÔÁ¤˜, ‰ÂÓ ı’ ·ÔÊ·Û›ÛÔ˘ÌÂ, ·ÏÒ˜ Î·È ÌfiÓÔ, ÔÈÔÈ, ı· Ì·˜ ΢‚ÂÚÓ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ÂfiÌÂÓË ÙÂÙÚ·ÂÙ›·. AÏÏ¿ ı· ÂȂ‚·ÈÒÛÔ˘ÌÂ, ·ÔÊ·ÛÈÛÙÈο, «Ò˜ ÚÔ¯ˆÚԇ̻, «Ô‡ ÚÔ¯ˆÚԇ̻. £’ ·ÔÊ·Û›ÛÔ˘ÌÂ, ·Ó ı¤ÏÔ˘ÌÂ: ñ TËÓ ‹ÚÂÌË Î·È ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÈ΋ ‰‡Ó·ÌË ÙÔ˘ KÒÛÙ· K·Ú·Ì·ÓÏ‹ Î·È ÙˆÓ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·ÙÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ‹ Ì‹ˆ˜ ÙÔ ¶A™OK, Ì ÙËÓ ›‰È·, ηٿ ‚¿ÛË, ÔϤıÚÈ· Û‡ÓıÂÛË; ñ TËÓ ·Ó·ÎÔ‡ÊÈÛË Î·È ÙËÓ ÂÏ›‰· Ô˘ ‰ËÌÈÔ‡ÚÁËÛÂ Ë ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ΋ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ Ù˘ K˘‚¤ÚÓËÛ˘ Ì ÙËÓ ·‡ÍËÛË ÙˆÓ Û˘ÓÙ¿ÍÂˆÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÂȉÔÌ¿ÙˆÓ, ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÚÁËÛË ÙˆÓ ÎÚ·Ù‹ÛÂˆÓ ÙÔ˘ §AºKA, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÙËÓ ‰¤ÛÌ¢ÛË ÁÈ· ηıȤڈÛË Î·ÙÒÙ·Ù˘ ÂıÓÈ΋˜ Û˘Óٿ͈˜ Î·È Ù·Ì›Ԣ ÂÓ·ÓÙ›ÔÓ Ù˘ ÊÙÒ¯ÂÈ·˜. ‹ Ì‹ˆ˜ ÙË ÊÙÒ¯ÂÈ·, ÙËÓ ·ÓÂÚÁ›·, Ù· ÂÏÏ›ÌÌ·Ù·, Ô˘ ¿ÊËÛ ÙÔ ¶A™OK; ñ TËÓ ¤ÁηÈÚË ·Ú¤Ì‚·ÛË Ù˘ K˘‚¤ÚÓËÛ˘ Û ÚfiÛÊ·Ù· ÎÚÔ‡ÛÌ·Ù· Î·È ÙËÓ ·Ú·ÔÌ‹ ÙˆÓ ˘·ÈÙ›ˆÓ ÛÙË ‰ÈηÈÔÛ‡ÓË ‹ Ì‹ˆ˜ Ù· ÛοӉ·Ï· ÙÔ˘ ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÈÛÙËÚ›Ô˘, ÙˆÓ ÂÍÔÏÈÛÌÒÓ, ÙÔ˘ ÎÙËÌ·ÙÔÏÔÁ›-
Ô˘; ñ TȘ ΢‚ÂÚÓËÙÈΤ˜ ÚˆÙÔ‚Ô˘Ï›Â˜ ÁÈ· Û‡ÌÓÔÈ· Î·È ÔÌfiÓÔÈ· ‹ Ì‹ˆ˜ ÙȘ ·ÓÙÈÏ‹„ÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ¶A™OK, Ô˘ Ê·Ó·Ù›˙Ô˘Ó Î·È ‰È¯¿˙Ô˘Ó; ™’ ·˘Ù¤˜, fï˜, ÙȘ ÂÎÏÔÁ¤˜, fiˆ˜ ¿ÓÙ·, ÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È Î·È ÔÈÔ˜ ı· Ì·˜ ÂÎÚÔÛˆ‹ÛÂÈ. K·Ù‚·›Óˆ, Î·È ¿ÏÈ, Û’ ·˘Ù¤˜ ÙȘ ÂÎÏÔÁ¤˜, Ì ÙÔ ÎÂÊ¿ÏÈ „ËÏ¿, ÙÈÌÒÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ÂÌÈÛÙÔÛ‡ÓË ÙˆÓ Û˘ÌÔÏÈÙÒÓ ÌÔ˘, ·ÏÏ¿ ÎÈ ÂΛÓË ÙÔ˘ ¶Úˆı˘Ô˘ÚÁÔ‡, Ô˘, ÁÈ· ÚÒÙË ÊÔÚ¿, fiÚÈÛ ̤ÏÔ˜ Ù˘ K˘‚¤ÚÓËÛ˘ ·fi ÙËÓ B’ ¶ÂÈÚ·È¿. K‡ÚÈ NÂÚ¿ÓÙ˙Ë, ÔÈ· Â›Ó·È Ë Û˘Ì‚ÔÏ‹ Û·˜ ÛÙÔ Î˘‚ÂÚÓËÙÈÎfi ¤ÚÁÔ ·fi ÙË ı¤ÛË ÙÔ˘ YÊ˘Ô˘ÚÁÔ‡, Ô˘ Û·˜ ÂÌÈÛÙ‡ıËÎÂ Ô Î. ¶Úˆı˘Ô˘ÚÁfi˜; H K˘‚¤ÚÓËÛË ÙÔ˘ KÒÛÙ· K·Ú·Ì·ÓÏ‹ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛ ÙȘ ÌÂÁ¿Ï˜ ÚÔÎÏ‹ÛÂȘ Ù˘ Ó¤·˜ ÂÔ¯‹˜ Î·È ıÂÌÂÏ›ˆÛ ÙËÓ Â›ÛÔ‰Ô Ù˘ EÏÏ¿‰·˜, ·fi ı¤ÛË ÈÛ¯‡Ô˜, ÛÙÔÓ 21Ô ·ÈÒÓ·. NÈÒıˆ ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈο ˘ÂÚ‹Ê·ÓÔ˜ ÁÈ·Ù› ˆ˜ ̤ÏÔ˜ Ù˘ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ ËÁÂÛ›·˜ ÙˆÓ ˘Ô˘ÚÁ›ˆÓ AÓ¿Ù˘Í˘ Î·È MÂÙ·ÊÔÚÒÓ - EÈÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÒÓ: — Û˘Ó¤‚·Ï· ÛÙËÓ ÌÂÙ·ÙÚÔ‹ Ù˘ ¯ÒÚ·˜ Û ‰ÈÂıÓ‹ ÂÓÂÚÁÂÈ·Îfi ÎfiÌ‚Ô (ÂÙÚÂÏ·È·ÁˆÁfi˜ MÔ˘Ú-
Áο˜-AÏÂÍ·Ó‰ÚÔ‡ÔÏË, ·ÁˆÁfi˜ Ê˘ÛÈÎÔ‡ ·ÂÚ›Ô˘ EÏÏ¿‰·˜-TÔ˘ÚΛ·˜- IÙ·Ï›·˜). — ÚÔÒıËÛ· ÙËÓ ÂÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÛÙËÓ ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋ ·ÁÔÚ¿ ÙˆÓ ‚ÈÔη˘Û›ÌˆÓ Î·È ÙÔ˘ Ó¤Ô˘ Ï·ÈÛ›Ô˘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·ÍÈÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ·Ó·ÓÂÒÛÈÌˆÓ ËÁÒÓ EÓ¤ÚÁÂÈ·˜ Î·È ÙËÓ Â¤ÎÙ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ Ê˘ÛÈÎÔ‡ ·ÂÚ›Ô˘. — ÛÙ‹ÚÈÍ· ÙȘ MÈÎÚÔÌÂÛ·›Â˜ EȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂȘ (ÂȉfiÙËÛË ·fi °’ K. ¶. ™, ·ÏÔÔ›ËÛË ·‰ÂÈÔ‰fiÙËÛ˘). — Û˘ÓÂÙ¤ÏÂÛ· ÛÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÚÙÈÛË Î·È „‹ÊÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ÓfiÌÔ˘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·ÏÔÔ›ËÛË ÙÔ˘ MËÙÚÒÔ˘ N·˘ËÁÔÂÈÛ΢·ÛÙÈÎÒÓ EȯÂÈÚ‹ÛˆÓ, ÒÛÙ ӷ ÌÂȈı› Ë ·ÓÂÚÁ›· ÙÔ˘ ÎÏ¿‰Ô˘ Î·È Ó· ÛÙËÚȯıÔ‡Ó ÔÈ ÂÁ¯ÒÚȘ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂȘ.
— Û˘Ó‰È·ÌfiÚʈ۷ ÙÔ Ó¤Ô Ï·›ÛÈÔ ÙˆÓ ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÓÈÎÒÓ ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÒÓ, Ì ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· Ó· ·ÔÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔ˘Ì ۋÌÂÚ· ÊıËÓ‹ ÙËÏÂʈӛ· Î·È ÿÓÙÂÚÓÂÙ, ÚÔˆıÒÓÙ·˜ Ù·˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓ· ÙËÓ E˘Ú˘˙ˆÓÈÎfiÙËÙ·. H B’ ¶ÂÈÚ·È¿, fiÔ˘ ÂÎϤÁÂÛÙÂ, ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›˙ÂÈ ÔÏÏ¿ ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù·. Œ¯ÂÈ ÌÂÙ·‚ÏËı› ·˘Ù‹ Ë Î·Ù¿ÛÙ·ÛË Ù· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ÙÚÈ¿ÌÈÛÈ ¯ÚfiÓÈ·; ŸÏ· ·˘Ù¿ Ù· ¯ÚfiÓÈ·, Ô˘ ·Û¯ÔÏÔ‡Ì·È Ì ٷ ÎÔÈÓ¿, ÚÔÛ¿ıËÛ· ·fi ηډȿ˜ Ó· ·Ó·‰Â›Íˆ Î·È Ó· ÂÈχۈ ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· Ù· ÔÔ›· Ù·Ï¿ÓÈ˙·Ó ÙË ˙ˆ‹ Ì·˜ ÛÙȘ ÁÂÈÙÔÓȤ˜ Ù˘ B’ ¶ÂÈÚ·È¿, ÂÂȉ‹ οÔÈÔÈ ÚÔÙÈÌÔ‡Û·Ó Ó· ÂıÂÏÔÙ˘ÊÏÔ‡Ó. T· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ÙÚÈ¿ÌÈÛÈ ¯ÚfiÓÈ·, ÚˆÙÔÛÙ¿ÙËÛ· ÛÙËÓ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ Ù˘ ΢‚ÂÚÓËÙÈ΋˜ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ¿ Ì·˜, Ô˘ ¤ÊÂÚÂ, ÌÂٷ͇ ¿ÏψÓ: — ÙËÓ Â·Ó¿ÛÙ·ÛË ÛÙȘ Û˘ÁÎÔÈӈӛ˜ Ì ÙËÓ ·ÓÙÈηٿÛÙ·ÛË fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ ·Ï·ÈÒÓ ÏˆÊÔÚ›ˆÓ, ÙËÓ Î·ıȤڈÛË Ó¤ˆÓ ‰ÚÔÌÔÏÔÁ›ˆÓ Î·È ÙËÓ ‡ÎÓˆÛË ÙˆÓ ÁÚ·ÌÌÒÓ. — ÙË ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË ÙˆÓ ÙËÏÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÒÓ Ì ÙËÓ Â¤ÎÙ·ÛË ‰ÈÎÙ‡ˆÓ Î·È ÙËÓ ·Ó·‚¿ıÌÈÛË Î¤ÓÙÚˆÓ ÁÈ· ÁÚËÁÔÚfiÙÂÚË ÚfiÛ‚·ÛË ÛÙÔ internet.
— ÙËÓ ÂȉfiÙËÛË ÔÏÏÒÓ ÌÈÎÚÔÌÂÛ·›ˆÓ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ Ì¤Ûˆ ÙÔ˘ °’ KÔÈÓÔÙÈÎÔ‡ ¶Ï·ÈÛ›Ô˘ ™Ù‹ÚÈ͢. — ÙËÓ Â›Ï˘ÛË ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ¿ÙˆÓ ËÏÂÎÙÚÔ‰fiÙËÛ˘ Ô˘ ¯ÚfiÓÈ˙·Ó Î·È ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÚÁËÛË ÛȉÂÚ¤ÓÈˆÓ ˘ÏÒÓˆÓ ˘„ËÏ‹˜ Ù¿Û˘. — ÙËÓ ·Ú¤Ì‚·ÛË ÛÙË ZÒÓË Î·È ÙËÓ ·Ó·Î›ÓËÛË Ù˘ ·ÔÌ¿ÎÚ˘ÓÛ˘ ÙˆÓ Î·˙·ÓÈÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ¶ÂÚ¿Ì·ÙÔ˜. — ÙËÓ ·ÍÈÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ÓÙ·Ì·ÚÈÒÓ ÛÙÔ ™¯ÈÛÙfi KÔÚ˘‰·ÏÏÔ‡. K·È ·˘Ù¿ Â›Ó·È ÌfiÓÔÓ Ë ·Ú¯‹. M·˜ ÂÚÈ̤ÓÂÈ ÔÏÏ‹ ‰Ô˘ÏÂÈ¿ ·ÏÏ¿ Ù· ıÂ̤ÏÈ· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÌÂÈ. XˆÚ›˜ ‰ËÌ·ÁˆÁ›Â˜ Î·È Â͈ڷ˚ÛÌÔ‡˜, Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈο Î·È ÌÂıÔ‰Èο, ÂÈÏ‡Ô˘Ì ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Î·È ‚ÂÏÙÈÒÓÔ˘Ì ÙËÓ Î·ıËÌÂÚÈÓfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ. ÕÏψÛÙÂ, ÂÓÒÓÔÓÙ·˜ ÙȘ ‰˘Ó¿ÌÂȘ Ì·˜ Ì fiÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ Ôϛ٘ ÌÔÚԇ̠·ÎfiÌË ÈÔ ÔÏÏ¿. °È· ·˘Ùfi ÛÙȘ 16 ™ÂÙÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘ ÙÔ˘˜ ηÏÒ Ó· ÂÈ‚Ú·‚‡ÛÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ·ÊÔÛ›ˆÛ‹ ÌÔ˘ ÛÙË B’ ¶ÂÈÚ·È¿ Î·È Ó· ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÛÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ·Ó¿ÁÎË ÂÎÚÔÛÒËÛ˘ Ù˘ ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ·˜ Î·È ÛÙË Ó¤· ΢‚¤ÚÓËÛË ÙÔ˘ KÒÛÙ· K·Ú·Ì·ÓÏ‹.
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OÈ ÂÓÙÔϤ˜ Ù˘ ËÁÂÛ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ À¶OIO ÚÔ˜ ÙȘ ∂ÊÔڛ˜
«º‡ÏÏÔ Î·È ÊÙÂÚfi» Ù· ‚È‚Ï›· ¯ˆÚ›˜ ‰È·ÎÚ›ÛÂȘ Î·È ÂÍ·ÈÚ¤ÛÂȘ ÙËÓ ÂÓÙÔÏ‹ «ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ¿ÓÙ˜ ¯ˆÚ›˜ ‰È·ÎÚ›ÛÂȘ Î·È ÂÍ·ÈÚ¤ÛÂȘ» ·ÔÙ˘ÒÓÂÙ·È Ë ·fiÊ·ÛË Ù˘ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ ËÁÂÛ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ˘Ô˘ÚÁ›Ԣ OÈÎÔÓÔÌ›·˜ Î·È OÈÎÔÓÔÌÈÎÒÓ Ó· ·Ù¿ÍÂÈ Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓ· ÊÔÚÔ‰È·Ê˘Á‹˜, οÓÔÓÙ·˜ «Ê‡ÏÏÔ Î·È ÊÙÂÚfi» Ù· ‚È‚Ï›· ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ Î·È ÂÏ¢ı¤ÚˆÓ ·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈÒÓ, ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ ·‡ÍËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ÂÛfi‰ˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔ¸ÔÏÔÁÈÛÌÔ‡ Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó ˘ÛÙ¤ÚËÛË ÂÚ›Ô˘ 447 ÂηÙ. ¢ÚÒ. O ˘Ê˘Ô˘ÚÁfi˜ OÈÎÔÓÔÌ›·˜ Î·È OÈÎÔÓÔÌÈÎÒÓ Î. ∞ÓÙ. ª¤˙·˜ Û ۇÛÎÂ„Ë Ô˘ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔ›ËÛ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ Û˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙ¤˜ ÙˆÓ 21 ∂ȉÈÎÒÓ ™˘ÓÂÚÁ›ˆÓ ¶ÚÔÏËÙÈÎÔ‡ ∂ϤÁ¯Ô˘, ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÙÔ˘ ÁÂÓÈÎÔ‡ ÁÚ·ÌÌ·Ù¤· ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ Î·È ÙÂψÓÂÈ·ÎÒÓ ıÂÌ¿ÙˆÓ Î. ¡. ∞Ó‰ÚÈ·ÓfiÔ˘ÏÔ˘ Î·È ÛÙÂϯÒÓ Ù˘ ÎÂÓÙÚÈ΋˜ ˘ËÚÂÛ›·˜, ¤‰ˆÛÂ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤Ó˜ Î·È ·˘ÛÙËÚ¤˜ Ô‰ËÁ›Â˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ Ì ÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈÔ‡Ó ÙÔ˘˜ ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘˜ ÔÈ 275 ÂȉÈÎÔ› ÂÏÂÁÎÙ¤˜ Ô˘ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È Û ‰Ò‰Âη ÓÔÌÔ‡˜ Ù˘ ¯ÒÚ·˜, ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ‰ÒÛÔ˘Ó È‰È·›ÙÂÚË ‚·Ú‡ÙËÙ· fi¯È ÌfiÓÔ ÛÙÔÓ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ÙˆÓ ‚È‚Ï›ˆÓ Î·È ÛÙËÓ ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹ ÙˆÓ ‰ËÏÒÛÂˆÓ º.¶.∞., ·ÏÏ¿ Ù·˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓ· Î·È ÛÙËÓ ¤Î‰ÔÛË ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ. ¶ÚÒÙ· ·’ fiÏ· fï˜ η٤ÛÙËÛ ۷ʤ˜ fiÙÈ ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÂÓÙÔ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Î·È Ó· ÂϤÁ¯ÔÓÙ·È Û˘¯ÓfiÙÂÚ· ÔÈ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ·Ú·‚·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·, fiˆ˜
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.¯. fiϘ ÔÈ ·Ú·ÏȷΤ˜ Ô‰Ô›, Ï·Ù›˜, Ô˘˙ÂÚ›, ΤÓÙÚ· ‰È·ÛΤ‰·Û˘, Ù·‚¤ÚÓ˜, Ì·Ú, Û fiϘ ÙȘ ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÙÈΤ˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜, ·ÏÏ¿ ·ÎfiÌË Î·È ÔÈ ·Ú·Ï›Â˜-Ï·˙, Ì·Á·˙È¿ ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÙÈÎÒÓ ÂȉÒÓ, ÍÂÓԉԯ›·, ¯ÒÚÔÈ ÛÙ¿ıÌ¢Û˘, ΤÓÙÚ· ÂÛÙÈ¿Ûˆ˜ Î.Ï. ¶Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Á›ÓÂÈ «Û˘Ó›‰ËÛË» ÛÙËÓ ·ÁÔÚ¿, ÙfiÓÈÛÂ, fiÙÈ ÔÈ ÂÏÂÁÎÙ¤˜ Â›Ó·È ¿ÓÙ· ÌÚÔÛÙ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È ‰ÂÓ ·Ê‹ÓÔ˘Ó Î·Ó¤Ó·Ó Â·ÁÁÂÏÌ·Ù›· ·Ó¤ÏÂÁÎÙÔ, ¯ˆÚ›˜ fï˜ ·˘Ùfi Ó· ÛË-
Ì·›ÓÂÈ fiÙÈ ÔÈ ÂÏÂÁÎÙ¤˜ ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ̤ÓÔ˘Ó Ôχ ÒÚ· ̤۷ ÛÙȘ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂȘ. ∞Í›˙ÂÈ Ó· ÛËÌÂȈı› fiÙÈ Ô Î. ª¤˙·˜, ÁÈ· ÌÈ· ·ÎfiÌË ÊÔÚ¿, ÂÂÛ‹Ì·Ó ÛÙ· ÛÙÂϤ¯Ë ÙÔ˘ ÂÏÂÁÎÙÈÎÔ‡ Ì˯·ÓÈÛÌÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ˘Ô˘ÚÁ›Ԣ fiÙÈ Ë Î˘‚¤ÚÓËÛË Â›Ó·È ·ÔÊ·ÛÈṲ̂ÓË Ó· ÌËÓ ·Ó¯ı› ηӤӷ Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓÔ ·Ú·‚·ÙÈ΋˜ Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿˜ ÛÙËÓ ¿ÛÎËÛË ÙˆÓ Î·ıËÎfiÓÙˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÂÏÂÁÎÙÒÓ, ˘ÔÁÚ·ÌÌ›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ Ì ¤ÌÊ·ÛË fiÙÈ «Â¿Ó ‰È·ÈÛÙÒ-
∆È ˙‹ÙËÛ £· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·Ó·ÊÂÚı› fiÙÈ Ô Î. ª¤˙·˜ ˙‹ÙËÛ ÂȉÈο ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ 275 ÂÏÂÁÎÙ¤˜ Ù· ÂÍ‹˜: 1. ¡· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ¿ÓÙ· Ì·˙› ÙÔ˘˜ ÙËÓ Ù·˘ÙfiÙËÙ· Î·È ÙËÓ ÂÓÙÔÏ‹ ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘. 2. ¡· ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘Ó ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÏ¿Ù˜ ηٿ ÙËÓ ¤ÍÔ‰Ô ·fi ÙÔ Î·Ù¿ÛÙËÌ· ÒÏËÛ˘ ·Á·ıÒÓ ‹ ·ÚÔ¯‹˜ ˘ËÚÂÛÈÒÓ, Â¿Ó ¤¯Ô˘Ó ¿ÚÂÈ ·fi‰ÂÈÍË. 3. OÈ ¤ÏÂÁ¯ÔÈ Ó· Â›Ó·È ÁÚ‹ÁÔÚÔÈ Î·È ·ıfiÚ˘‚ÔÈ. 4. ™ÙÔ Î·Ù¿ÛÙËÌ· Ó· Ì·›ÓÔ˘Ó ÁÈ· ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ÌfiÓÔ ·Ó ‰ÂÓ ¤¯ÂÈ ÂΉÔı› ·fi‰ÂÈÍË. 5. ∏ ›ÛÔ‰Ô˜ Î·È ¤ÍÔ‰Ô˜ ·fi ÙÔ Î·Ù¿ÛÙËÌ· Ó· Á›ÓÂÙ·È Ì ¢ڤÂÈ· ¯ˆÚ›˜ ¤·ÚÛË Î·È ÊˆÓ¤˜. 6. ∏ ›ÛÔ‰Ô˜ ÂÓÙfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ¯ÒÚÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ηٷÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Â›Ó·È ··Ú·›ÙËÙË Û ٷ‚¤ÚÓ˜, Ì·Ú, ηÊÂÓ›·, ΤÓÙÚ· ‰È·ÛΤ‰·Û˘, Ô˘˙ÂÚ› Î.Ï., ÚÔÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ Ó· Á›ÓÂÙ·È ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ÁÈ· ¤Î‰ÔÛË ·Ô‰Â›ÍÂˆÓ ÛÙ· ÙÚ·¤˙È· Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÛÂÚ‚ÈÚÈÛÙ›. ™ÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÎÔ› ·Ô‰Â›ÍÂȘ Û˘ÓÙ¿ÛÛÂÙ·È ÀËÚÂÛÈ·Îfi ™ËÌ›ˆÌ· ∂ϤÁ¯Ô˘ Ì ÙȘ ·Ú·‚¿ÛÂȘ Î·È ·Ú·‰›‰ÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ Âȯ›ÚËÛË. 7. ™Â ¯ÒÚÔ˘˜ ÛÙ¿ıÌ¢Û˘ ·˘ÙÔÎÈÓ‹ÙˆÓ, ÍÂÓԉԯ›·, ÊÚÔÓÙÈÛÙ‹ÚÈ·, Ê˘ÛÈÔıÂÚ·Â˘Ù‹ÚÈ· Î.Ï., Ô ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ Ó· Á›ÓÂÙ·È ÂÓÙfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ¯ÒÚÔ˘ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜.
ÛÔ˘Ì ÔÙȉ‹ÔÙ ‹ ˘¿ÚÍÔ˘Ó Î·Ù·ÁÁÂϛ˜ ı· ›̷ÛÙ ·Ì›ÏÈÎÙÔÈ. ∆· ÂȉÈο Û˘ÓÂÚÁ›· ÚÔÏËÙÈÎÔ‡ ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÙËÓ ÂÈÎfiÓ· Ù˘ ˘ËÚÂÛ›·˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÔ˘Ì¤ÓÔ˘˜ Î·È Ë Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Â›Ó·È ¿„ÔÁË. ŸÛÔÈ ˘¿ÏÏËÏÔÈ Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ÎÚ›ÛË Û·˜ ‰ÂÓ ·ÓÙ·ÔÎÚ›ÓÔÓÙ·È Ì ¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÛÙ· ηı‹ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ Ó· οÓÂÙ ÂÈÛ‹ÁËÛË ÁÈ· ·ÓÙÈηٿÛÙ·ÛË». ™ÎÔfi˜ ÙˆÓ ÂȉÈÎÒÓ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ›ˆÓ, ÂÎÙfi˜ ·fi ÙË Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Ì ÙÔ˘˜ Ôϛ٘ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ··Ú·›ÙËÙË ÚÔ¸fiıÂÛË ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Â›Ù¢ÍË ÙˆÓ ÛÙfi¯ˆÓ ÙÔ˘˜, fiˆ˜ ÙfiÓÈÛÂ Ô Î. ª¤˙·˜, ÚˆÙ›ÛÙˆ˜: ·) Ô ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ÛÙË ‰È·Î›ÓËÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÌÔÚÂ˘Ì¿ÙˆÓ, ‰ËÏ·‰‹ Â¿Ó Ù· ÌÂÙ·ÊÂÚfiÌÂÓ· ÛÙÔ˘˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘˜ ·Á·ı¿ (ÂÌÔÚ‡̷ٷ) Ì ÔÔÈÔÓ‰‹ÔÙ ÙÚfiÔ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈο ÛÙÔȯ›·. ‚) Ô ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ÛÙËÓ ¤Î‰ÔÛË Î·È Ï‹„Ë ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ Û fiϘ ÙȘ Û˘Ó·ÏÏ·Á¤˜ Ô˘ ı· ¤ÛÔ˘Ó ÛÙËÓ ·ÓÙ›ÏË„‹ ÙÔ˘˜. Á) Ó· ÂÚ¿ÛÂÈ ÙÔ Ì‹Ó˘Ì· ÛÙÔÓ ÔÏ›ÙË, fiÙÈ ¤¯ÂÈ ˘Ô¯Ú¤ˆÛË Ó· ˙ËÙ¿ Î·È Ó· ·›ÚÓÂÈ ·Ô‰Â›ÍÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙȘ ·ÁÔÚ¤˜ ÙÔ˘. OÈ ¡ÔÌÔ› ÀÂÓı˘Ì›˙ÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Ê¤ÙÔ˜ ·fi ÙȘ 16 ª·ÚÙ›Ô˘, Ù· ∂ȉÈο ™˘ÓÂÚÁ›· ¶ÚÔÏËÙÈ™˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÛÙË ÛÂÏ. 15
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¶A.™.¶.I.º / A.P.LI.F.HI
¶ANE§§HNIO™ ™Y§§O°O™ ¶TYXIOYXøN I™¶ANIKH™ ºI§O§O°IA™ ASOCIACIÓN PANHELÉNICA DE LICENCIADOS EN FILOLOGÍA HISPÁNICA AÁ·ËÙÔ› ™˘Ó¿‰ÂÏÊÔÈ, ¶ÚfiÛÊ·Ù· ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËÎÂ Ô ¶AÓÂÏÏ‹ÓÈÔ˜ ™‡ÏÏÔÁÔ˜ ¶Ù˘¯ÈÔ‡¯ˆÓ IÛ·ÓÈ΋˜ ºÈÏÔÏÔÁ›·˜, Ì ÛÎÔfi: ñ ÙË Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ÌÂÏÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ñ ÙË Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Ì ÊÔÚ›˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ó·‚¿ıÌÈÛË ÙˆÓ ÛÔ˘‰ÒÓ Î·È ÙËÓ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈÍË ÚˆÙÔ‚Ô˘ÏÈÒÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ Î·È Â·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ʇÛ˘ ñ ÙË ‰ÈÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÛË ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈÎÒÓ, ÂÈÌÔÚʈÙÈÎÒÓ Î.·. ÂΉËÏÒÛˆÓ, ·ÏÏ¿ ñ ΢ڛˆ˜ ÙËÓ ¤ÓÙ·ÍË ÛÙË ¢ËÌfiÛÈ· Âη›‰Â˘ÛË Ù˘ ‰È‰·Ûηϛ·˜ Ù˘ ÈÛ·ÓÈ΋˜ ˆ˜ ͤÓË ÁÏÒÛÛ· ÂÈÏÔÁ‹˜ Î·È ÙË ÛÙÂϤ¯ˆÛË ÙˆÓ Û¯ÔÏÈÎÒÓ ÌÔÓ¿‰ˆÓ ·fi ·ÔÊÔ›ÙÔ˘˜ IÛ·ÓÈ΋˜ °ÏÒÛÛ·˜ Î·È ºÈÏÔÏÔÁ›·˜. ™Ù· Ï·›ÛÈ· ·˘ÙÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ÛÎÔÔ‡, Ô Û‡ÏÏÔÁfi˜ Ì·˜ ÚÔÙ›ıÂÙ·È ·ÊÂÓfi˜, Ó· ÂȉÈÒÍÂÈ Â·Ê¤˜ Ì ·ÚÌfi‰È· ÛÙÂϤ¯Ë ÙÔ˘ YÔ˘ÚÁ›Ԣ ¶·È‰Â›·˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ¶·È‰·ÁˆÁÈÎÔ‡ IÓÛÙÈÙÔ‡ÙÔ˘ Î·È ·ÊÂÙ¤ÚÔ˘, ÛÂ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Ì ¢È¢ı˘ÓÙ¤˜ Û¯ÔÏ›ˆÓ, Ó· ÍÂÎÈÓ‹ÛÂÈ ÂÓË̤ڈÛË ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ Û˘ÏÏfiÁˆÓ ÁÔÓ¤ˆÓ ÁÈ· ÙË ¯ÚËÛÈÌfiÙËÙ· Î·È ÙËÓ ÂÌ‚¤ÏÂÈ· ‰ÈÂıÓÒ˜ Ù˘ IÛ·ÓÈ΋˜ ÁÏÒÛÛ·˜. M ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ ·˘Ùfi, ÂÏ›˙Ô˘Ì fiÙÈ ı· ·˘ÍËı› ÙÔ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ Î·È Ë ˙‹ÙËÛË Ù˘ ‰È‰·Ûηϛ·˜ Ù˘ ·fi ÁÔÓ›˜ Î·È Ì·ıËÙ¤˜, ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ Ô˘ ı· ‚ÔËı‹ÛÂÈ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο ÛÙËÓ ÔÚÈÛÙÈ΋ Î·È ÌfiÓÈÌË ¤ÓÙ·Í‹ Ù˘ ÛÙË ‰ËÌfiÛÈ· Âη›‰Â˘ÛË. TÔ ¢ÈÔÈÎËÙÈÎfi ™˘Ì‚Ô‡ÏÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ¶A™¶Iº ıˆÚ› ˆ˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Â›Ù¢ÍË ÙˆÓ ·Ú·¿Óˆ ÛÙfi¯ˆÓ Â›Ó·È ··Ú·›ÙËÙË Ë ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈÔÔ›ËÛË fiÏˆÓ Î·È Î·Ï› ÙÔ˘ ·Ó· ÙËÓ EÏÏ¿‰· ηıËÁËÙ¤˜ IÛ·ÓÈ΋˜ Ó· ÛÙÂϯÒÛÔ˘Ó ÙÔÓ ™‡ÏÏÔÁfi Î·È Ó· ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÛÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ¿ ÙÔ˘.
T· ̤ÏË ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÏÏfiÁÔ˘ ÂÁÁÚ¿ÊÔÓÙ·È ˆ˜: A) T·ÎÙÈο (Ù˘¯ÈÔ‡¯ÔÈ IÛ·ÓÈ΋˜ ºÈÏÔÏÔÁ›·˜ EÏÏËÓÈÎÔ‡ ‹ AÏÏÔ‰·Ô‡ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘) ˘Ô‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙ·˜ Ù· ÂÍ‹˜ ‰ÈηÈÔÏÔÁËÙÈο: 1. A›ÙËÛË ÂÁÁÚ·Ê‹˜ (ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ Û‡ÓÙÔÌÔ ‚ÈÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi). 2. AÓÙ›ÁÚ·ÊÔ ‚·ÛÈÎÔ‡ Ù›ÙÏÔ˘ ÛÔ˘‰ÒÓ. 3. AÓÙ›ÁÚ·ÊÔ ·Ó·ÁÓÒÚÈÛ˘ ÈÛÔÙÈÌ›·˜ Î·È ·ÓÙÈÛÙÔȯ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚·ÛÈÎÔ‡ Ù›ÙÏÔ˘ ÛÔ˘‰ÒÓ ·fi ÙÔ ¢IKAT™A /
¢OATA¶ , Û ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË Ô˘ ·˘Ùfi˜ ¤¯ÂÈ ·ÔÎÙËı› ÛÙËÓ ·ÏÏÔ‰·‹. B) ¢fiÎÈÌ· (ÊÔÈÙËÙ¤˜ IÛ·ÓÈ΋˜ ºÈÏÔÏÔÁ›·˜, Ì ٷ ›‰È· ‰ÈηÈÒÌ·Ù· Ì ٷ Ù·ÎÙÈο, ÂÎÙfi˜ ·˘ÙÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ÂÎϤÁÂÛı·È) ˘Ô‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙ·˜ Ù· ÂÍ‹˜ ‰ÈηÈÔÏÔÁËÙÈο: 1. A›ÙËÛË ÂÁÁÚ·Ê‹˜ (ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ Û‡ÓÙÔÌÔ ‚ÈÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi). 2. AÓÙ›ÁÚ·ÊÔ ·Ó·Ï˘ÙÈ΋˜ ‚·ıÌÔÏÔÁ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÔÈΛԢ ÙÌ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· Ó· ÚÔ·ÙÂÈ Ë ÂÈÙ˘¯‹˜ ÂͤٷÛË ÙÔ˘ ÊÔÈÙËÙ‹ ÛÙ· 3/4 ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÓÔÏÈÎÔ‡ ·ÚÈıÌÔ‡ ÙˆÓ ··ÈÙÔ‡ÌÂÓˆÓ ÁÈ· ÙË Ï‹„Ë ÙÔ˘ Ù˘¯›Ô˘ Ì·ıËÌ¿ÙˆÓ. 3. ¶ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ÛÔ˘‰ÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ÔÈΛԢ ÙÌ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ‹, ÂÏÏ›„ÂÈ ·˘ÙÔ‡, ‚‚·›ˆÛË Ù˘ ÔÈΛ·˜ °Ú·ÌÌ·Ù›·˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ Û˘ÓÔÏÈÎfi ·ÚÈıÌfi ÙˆÓ ··ÈÙÔ‡ÌÂÓˆÓ ÁÈ· ÙË Ï‹„Ë ÙÔ˘ Ù˘¯›Ô˘ Ì·ıËÌ¿ÙˆÓ. EÊfiÛÔÓ ÂÁÎÚÈı› Ë ·›ÙËÛ‹ ·fi ÙÔ ¢.™. ÙÔ˘ ™˘ÏÏfiÁÔ˘, Ë ÂÙ‹ÛÈ· Û˘Ó‰ÚÔÌ‹ ÁÈ· Ù· Ù·ÎÙÈο ÌÂÏË Â›Ó·È 50 ¢ÚÒ Î·È ÁÈ· Ù· ‰fiÎÈÌ· 25 ¢ÚÒ. ¶ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜ Î·È ÂÁÁڷʤ˜: ñ M¤Ûˆ ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÓÈÎÔ‡ Ù·¯˘‰ÚÔÌ›Ԣ ÛÙË ‰È‡ı˘ÓÛË: [email protected] ñ T·¯˘‰ÚÔÌÈο ÛÙË ‰È‡ı˘ÓÛË ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÏÏfiÁÔ˘ Ì·˜: ¶A.™.¶.I.º/ A.P.LI.F.HI Aη‰ËÌ›·˜ 63, 3Ô˜ fiÚÔÊÔ˜, ÁÚ·ÊÂ›Ô 11. T.K. 10678, A£HNA ñ TËÏ. ÛÙo: 6943 - 701085 ñ º·Í ÛÙÔ: 210 - 3825708
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™˘Ó‰ÚÔÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ ‰ÈηÛÙÈÎÔ‡ ÙÌ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ¢OY
ªÂ Ó¤· Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·Ù· ÔÈ ÊÔÚÔ¤ÏÂÁ¯ÔÈ ÂÙ·ÈÚÂÈÒÓ Î·È Â·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈÒÓ ÙËÓ ˘ÈÔı¤ÙËÛË Ó¤·˜ ÌÂıÔ‰ÔÏÔÁ›·˜ fiÛÔÓ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÙÔÓ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ Î·È ÂÏ¢ı¤ÚˆÓ ·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈÒÓ ÚÔÛ·Ó·ÙÔÏ›˙ÂÙ·È Ë ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ËÁÂÛ›· ÙÔ˘ ˘Ô˘ÚÁ›Ԣ OÈÎÔÓÔÌ›·˜ Î·È OÈÎÔÓÔÌÈÎÒÓ, Ì ÛÙfi¯Ô fi¯È ÌfiÓÔ Ó· ‰È¢ÎÔÏ˘ÓıÔ‡Ó ÔÈ ÂÏÂÁÎÙ¤˜ ÛÙÔ ¤ÚÁÔ ÙÔ˘˜, ·ÏÏ¿ ΢ڛˆ˜ Ó· ÂÈÙ¢¯ıÔ‡Ó Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù·. ŒÙÛÈ, ÂÎÙfi˜ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ 2.200 ÊÔÚËÙÔ‡˜ ˘ÔÏÔÁÈÛÙ¤˜ Ô˘ ı· ÂÊԉȷÛÙ› Ô ÂÏÂÁÎÙÈÎfi˜ Ì˯·ÓÈÛÌfi˜ ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ ÂÈÙ¿¯˘ÓÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ‰È·‰ÈηÛÈÒÓ Î·Ù¿ ÙË ‰ÈÂÓ¤ÚÁÂÈ· ÙˆÓ ÂϤÁ¯ˆÓ, ÔÈ ÂÏÂÁÎÙ¤˜ ı· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÙË ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· ÚÈÓ ÍÂÎÈÓ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÙÔÓ ÚÔÛˆÚÈÓfi ‹ Ù·ÎÙÈÎfi ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ÛÙËÓ Âȯ›ÚËÛË ‹ ÙÔÓ ÂχıÂÚÔ Â·ÁÁÂÏÌ·Ù›· Ó· ˙ËÙÔ‡Ó Ù·˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓ· ·fi ÙÔ ‰ÈηÛÙÈÎfi ÙÌ‹Ì· Ù˘ ∂ÊÔÚ›·˜ Û¯ÂÙÈÎfi ÛËÌ›ˆÌ· ÁÈ· ÙÔ ‡„Ô˜ ÙˆÓ Ù˘¯fiÓ ‚‚·ÈˆÌ¤ÓˆÓ Î·È ÏËÍÈÚfiıÂÛÌˆÓ ÔÊÂÈÏÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ÂÏÂÁ¯fiÌÂÓÔ˘ ÂÈÙË‰Â˘Ì·Ù›· ‹ ·ÓÙ›ÁÚ·ÊÔ Ù˘ ÂÈÎfiÓ·˜ ÙˆÓ ÔÊÂÈÏÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ·fi ÙÔ Ì˯·-
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ÓÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ· Û˘ÌÏËڈ̤ÓÔ Î·È Ì ÙȘ ÔÊÂÈϤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ·fi ¿ÏϘ ¢OY. ªÂ ÙËÓ ¤Ó·ÚÍË ÙÔ˘ ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘ Ô ÂÏÂÁÎÙ‹˜ ı· ÎÔÈÓÔÔÈ› ÛÙËÓ Âȯ›ÚËÛË Ù· ‚‚·ÈˆÌ¤Ó· ηÈ
ÏËÍÈÚfiıÂÛÌ· ¯Ú¤Ë Ù˘, ÂÓÒ Ô ÂÈÙË‰Â˘Ì·Ù›·˜ ı· ηÏÂ›Ù·È Ó· ÚÔ¯ˆÚ‹ÛÂÈ ¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙËÓ ÂÍfiÊÏËÛË ÙˆÓ ÏËÍÈÚfiıÂÛÌˆÓ ÔÊÂÈÏÒÓ ÙÔ˘. £· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·Ó·ÊÂÚı› fiÙÈ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ˘fi¯ÚÂÔ˘˜
Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ÚÔÛ¤Ú¯ÔÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ∂ÊÔÚ›· ÁÈ· Ó· Ù·ÎÙÔÔÈ‹ÛÔ˘Ó Ù· ¯Ú¤Ë ÙÔ˘˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¢ËÌfiÛÈÔ ı· ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙ·È Ù· ·Ó·ÁηÛÙÈο ̤ÙÚ· ›Ûڷ͢ ÙˆÓ ÔÊÂÈÏÒÓ, fiˆ˜ ηٿۯÂÛË Â-
∆˘¯·›Ô ‰Â›ÁÌ· ∂ÈÛËÌ·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ÔÛÔÛÙfi ¤ˆ˜ Î·È 10% ÙˆÓ ÂÈÏÂÁfiÌÂÓˆÓ ÁÈ· ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ˘Ôı¤ÛÂˆÓ ı· ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi Ù˘¯·›Ô ‰Â›ÁÌ· ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ó· Û˘ÓÙÚ¤¯Ô˘Ó Ù· ·Ú·¿Óˆ ÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈ·. ∫·Ù¿ ÙÔÓ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ÙˆÓ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ Ì ÂÎÎÚÂÌ›˜ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ˘Ôı¤ÛÂȘ, ·ÓÂÍ¿ÚÙËÙ· ·fi ÙÔ Â›‰Ô˜ Ù˘ ·ÛÎÔ‡ÌÂÓ˘ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È ÙËÓ Î·ÙËÁÔÚ›· ÙˆÓ ÙËÚÔ‡ÌÂÓˆÓ ‚È‚Ï›ˆÓ, ı· ‰ÈÂÓÂÚÁÔ‡ÓÙ·È ˘Ô¯ÚˆÙÈο ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ ÔÈ ·ÎfiÏÔ˘ı˜ ·ÏËı‡ÛÂȘ: 1. ∞Ó ÙËÚ‹ıËÎ·Ó Ù· ‚È‚Ï›· Î·È ÛÙÔȯ›· Ô˘ ÚԂϤÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ ∫µ™. 2. ∞Ó Ù· ‚È‚Ï›· ÙËÚ‹ıËÎ·Ó Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙȘ ‰È·Ù¿ÍÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ∫µ™. 3. ∂¿Ó ηٷ¯ˆÚ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÔÚı¿ ÛÙ· ‚È‚Ï›· ÔÈ ÏÈ·ÓÈΤ˜ ˆÏ‹ÛÂȘ (·fi Ù· ·ıÚÔ›ÛÌ·Ù· «∑» ÙˆÓ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ Ù·ÌÈ·ÎÒÓ Ì˯·ÓÒÓ), ÔÈ ·Ô‰Â›ÍÂȘ ·ÚÔ¯‹˜ ˘ËÚÂÛÈÒÓ, ÔÈ ¯ÔÓ‰ÚÈΤ˜ ˆÏ‹ÛÂȘ (·fi Ù· ÔÈΛ· ÙÈÌÔÏfiÁÈ· ÒÏËÛ˘) Î·È ÁÂÓÈο Ù· ¿Û˘ ʇÛˆ˜ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· ÂÛfi‰ˆÓ ÁÈ· ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· ÔˆÛ‰‹ÔÙ ÂÓfi˜ ÌËÓfi˜ οı ‰È·¯ÂÈÚÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ÂÚÈfi-
‰Ô˘. 4. ∂¿Ó ÂΉfiıËÎ·Ó ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ· ÙÈÌÔÏfiÁÈ· ÒÏËÛ˘ ‹ ·Ô‰Â›ÍÂȘ ÏÈ·ÓÈ΋˜ ÒÏËÛ˘ Î·È ÁÂÓÈÎÒ˜ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· ·Í›·˜ ÁÈ· Ù· ÂΉÔı¤ÓÙ· ‰ÂÏÙ›· ·ÔÛÙÔÏ‹˜ ˆ˜ Î·È ÁÈ· Ù˘¯fiÓ ¤ÛÔ‰· Ô˘ ÚÔ·ÙÔ˘Ó ·fi ˘¿Ú¯ÔÓÙ· Û˘ÌʈÓËÙÈο. 5. ∂¿Ó ηχÙÔÓÙ·È Ì ÓfiÌÈÌ· ‰ÈηÈÔÏÔÁËÙÈο ÂÈÛÙÚÔʤ˜ Î·È ÂÎÙÒÛÂȘ ÁÈ· ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· ÔˆÛ‰‹ÔÙ ÂÓfi˜ ÌËÓfi˜ οı ‰È·¯ÂÈÚÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ÂÚÈfi‰Ô˘ Î·È ¤Ú·Ó ·˘ÙÔ‡ ηٿ ÙËÓ ÎÚ›ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘. 6. ™Â ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË Ô˘ Ù· ‚È‚Ï›· ÙËÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È ¯ÂÈÚfiÁÚ·Ê·, ·ϋı¢ÛË ÙˆÓ ·ıÚÔ›ÛÂˆÓ ÂÛfi‰ˆÓ, ÁÈ· ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· ÔˆÛ‰‹ÔÙ ‰‡Ô ÌËÓÒÓ Î¿ı ‰È·¯ÂÈÚÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ÂÚÈfi‰Ô˘ Î·È ¤Ú·Ó ·˘ÙÔ‡ ηٿ ÙËÓ ÎÚ›ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘. 7. ∞Ó ÁÈ· ÙȘ ·Ú·ÁˆÁÈΤ˜ ÂÂÓ‰‡ÛÂȘ Î·È ·ÊÔÚÔÏfiÁËÙ˜ ÎÚ·Ù‹ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ·Ó·Ù˘ÍÈ·ÎÒÓ ÓfiÌˆÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÛÙ› ÔÈ Î›ÌÂÓ˜ ‰È·Ù¿ÍÂȘ. 8. ∞Ó ˘Ê›ÛÙ·ÓÙ·È ˘ÂÚÙÈÌÔÏÔÁ‹ÛÂȘ-˘ÔÙÈÌÔÏÔÁ‹ÛÂȘ.
ÚÈÔ˘ÛÈ·ÎÒÓ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ (ÎÈÓËÙÒÓ Î·È ·ÎÈÓ‹ÙˆÓ), ÏÂÈÛÙËÚÈ·ÛÌÔ› ·ÎÈÓ‹ÙˆÓ, ÚÔÛˆÔÎÚ¿ÙËÛË Î.Ï. π‰È·›ÙÂÚË ¤ÌÊ·ÛË, Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙÔ Û¯¤‰ÈÔ ‰Ú¿Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ˘Ô˘ÚÁ›Ԣ, ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ‰Ôı› ÛÙÔÓ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ÙˆÓ ÂÎÎÚÂÌÒÓ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ˘Ôı¤ÛˆÓ, ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ Î·È ·Ú·ÁÚ¿ÊÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ Ù¤ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÙÚ¤¯ÔÓÙÔ˜ ¤ÙÔ˘˜. ÀÂÓı˘Ì›˙ÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ÔÈ ÂÎÎÚÂÌ›˜ ˘Ôı¤ÛÂȘ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁ›·˜ ÂÈÛÔ‰‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Î·È ÏÔÈÒÓ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ·ÓÙÈÎÂÈÌ¤ÓˆÓ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÂÈϤÁÔÓÙ·È ÁÈ· ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô Ì ‚¿ÛË ‰Âη¤ÍÈ ÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈ·: ·. ŸÙ·Ó ¤ÛÙˆ Î·È Û ̛· ·fi ÙȘ ÂÎÎÚÂÌ›˜ ‰È·¯ÂÈÚÈÛÙÈΤ˜ ÂÚÈfi‰Ô˘˜ ‰ËÏÒıËΠ˙ËÌ›· ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÎÌÂÙ¿ÏÏ¢ÛË Ù˘ Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘ ‹ ·fi ÙËÓ ¿ÛÎËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÏ¢ı¤ÚÈÔ˘ ·ÁÁ¤ÏÌ·ÙÔ˜. ‚. ™Â ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ Ô˘ ·fi ÙȘ ˘Ô‚ÏËı›Û˜ ‰ËÏÒÛÂȘ ÚÔ·ÙÂÈ ¯·ÌËÏfi˜ Û˘ÓÙÂÏÂÛÙ‹˜ ÌÂÈÎÙÔ‡ Î·È Î·ı·ÚÔ‡ ΤډԢ˜. ™˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÛÙË ÛÂÏ. 18
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ª·ı·›Óˆ ‡ÎÔÏ·... ÂÙ˘¯·›Óˆ ÛÙȘ ÂÍÂÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ∫˘ÚÈ¿ÎÔ˘ µ·ÛÈÏÔ̷ӈϿÎË Med Learning ™˘ÁÁڷʤ· ÙÔ˘ Best Seller «ª·ı·›Óˆ ‡ÎÔÏ·... » ¶ÂÙ˘¯·›ÓÔ˘Ó ˘„ËÏÔ‡˜ ÛÙfi¯Ô˘˜ ÛÙȘ ÂÍÂÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÔÈ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·Ó·Ù‡ÍÂÈ ‰ÂÍÈfiÙËÙ˜ Ó· Ì·ı·›ÓÔ˘Ó Â‡ÎÔÏ·. ¢ÂÍÈfiÙËÙ˜ Ô˘ ·Ó·Ù‡ÛÛÔÓÙ·È Û fiÏË ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ ·È‰È΋˜ Î·È Ù˘ ÂÊË‚È΋˜ ËÏÈΛ·˜. ŸÛÔÈ ÈÛÙÂ‡Ô˘Ó fiÙÈ ÔÈ ˘„ËÏÔ› ÛÙfi¯ÔÈ Î·Ù·ÎÙÒÓÙ·È Ì ¤ÓÙ·ÛË ÌÂϤÙ˘ ÛÙÔ §‡ÎÂÈÔ, ·Ï¿ ‚¿˙Ô˘Ó ÙÔÓ ‹¯Ë ÙÔ˘˜ Ôχ ¯·ÌËÏ¿. ∆Ô ı¤Ì· Â›Ó·È Ôχ ¢ڇ Î·È Â›Ó·È Ô˘ÙÔ›· Ë ÛΤ„Ë Ó· Î·Ï˘Êı› Û’ ¤Ó· ÛËÌ›ˆÌ·, ÁÈ’ ·˘Ùfi ı· ı›Íˆ ÌÂÚÈΤ˜ ·fi ÙȘ ·Ú·Ì¤ÙÚÔ˘˜ Ô˘ ÙÔ Û˘Óı¤ÙÔ˘Ó. ŒÓÙ·ÛË, ¿Á¯Ô˜, ·ÔÙ˘¯›· ∫·Ù·Ú¯‹Ó Ë ÂÓÙ·ÙÈ΋ ÌÂϤÙË, ÔÈ ¿ÂÈÚ˜ ·Û΋ÛÂȘ Î·È Ë ·Ô˘Û›· ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÈÎÒÓ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ ‰ÂÓ ÚÔ¿ÁÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ÂÒ·ÛË Ù˘ ÁÓÒÛ˘ Î·È ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó ·ÓÈÛÔÚÚÔ›· ÛÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ¤ÊË‚Ô˘. ∆Ô ‰Â›¯ÓÔ˘Ó Ù· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÙˆÓ ¿Û˘ ʇÛˆ˜ ÂÍÂÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ Î·È ÙÔ ÁÓˆÚ›˙Ô˘Ó ÔÈ Û˘ÓÂȉËÙÔÔÈË̤ÓÔÈ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ› Î·È ÁÔÓ›˜. ∏ ÏÂÈÔ„ËÊ›· ·ÚÎÂ›Ù·È Ó· ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÙÔ ‰ÚfiÌÔ Ù˘ ¤ÓÙ·Û˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ¿Á¯Ô˘˜ ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ó· ÈÂڷگ› ÙȘ ·Ó¿ÁΘ ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ Ì·˜. ªÂ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ· ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ·ÔÙ˘¯›· ηٿÎÙËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ÛÙfi¯ˆÓ Ó· ÏÈıÔ‚ÔÏ› ÙÔ Û‡ÛÙËÌ·!
ÙȘ ‚·ÛÈΤ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ‚ÈÔÙÈΤ˜ ·Ó¿ÁΘ. ™‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙÔÓ ∞. Maslow, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û ÙËÓ ˘Ú·Ì›‰· Ì ÙËÓ ÈÂÚ¿Ú¯ËÛË ÚÈÓ ·fi 50 ¯ÚfiÓÈ·, οı ¿∏ ÈÂÚ·Ú¯›· ÙˆÓ ·Ó·ÁÎÒÓ ÂÓfi˜ Ì·ıËÙ‹
ÙÔÌÔ ÚÔ¯ˆÚ› ÛÙ· ·ÓÒÙÂÚ· ›‰· Ù˘ ÂͤÏÈ͢ fiÙ·Ó ¤¯ÂÈ ‹‰Ë ÈηÓÔÔÈ‹ÛÂÈ ÙȘ ‚·ÛÈΤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ·Ó¿ÁΘ. ∏ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓË ÂÌÏÔ˘ÙÈṲ̂ÓË ÌÔÚÊ‹ Ù˘ ˘Ú·Ì›‰·˜ Â›Ó·È ·˘Ù‹ Ô˘ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ Û¯Â‰È¿ÁÚ·ÌÌ·. ŒÙÛÈ Ë ·Ó¿ÁÎË ÁÈ· Ó· Ì·ı·›ÓÂÈ Î¿ÔÈÔ˜ Î·È Ó· ηٷϷ‚·›ÓÂÈ ÚÔ¸Ôı¤ÙÂÈ fiÙÈ ¤¯ÂÈ ‹‰Ë ηχ„ÂÈ ÙȘ ·Ó¿ÁΘ ÙÔ˘ ÁÈ· ÛÙ¤Á·ÛË, ÙÚÔÊ‹, ·ÛʷϤ˜ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ Î·È Î·Ï¤˜ ÔÈÎÔÁÂÓÂȷΤ˜ Û¯¤ÛÂȘ. ¶ÚÔ¸fiıÂÛË Â›Ó·È Â›Û˘ Ó· ÌÂÁ·ÏÒÓÂÈ Ì ÛÙÔÚÁ‹ ·fi ÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ¿ ÙÔ˘, Ó· ¤¯ÂÈ ÛÙ·ıÂÚfiÙËÙ· ÛÙȘ Û¯¤ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ Ê›ÏÔ˘˜ Î·È ÙËÓ ·Ú¤· ÙÔ˘, Ó· ¤¯ÂÈ Û˘ÓÂȉËÙÔÔÈ‹ÛÂÈ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙfi¯Ô˘˜ ÙÔ˘ Î·È Ê˘ÛÈο Ó· Â›Ó·È ¤ÙÔÈÌÔ˜ Ó· ·Ó·Ï¿‚ÂÈ Â˘ı‡Ó˜ ÁÈ· ÙË ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Ù˘ ı¤Û˘ ÙÔ˘. ∞Ó ‰Â¯ıԇ̠·˘Ù‹ ÙË ı¤ÛË Ù˘ ÈÂÚ¿Ú¯ËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ·Ó·ÁÎÒÓ, ÙfiÙ ÌfiÓÔ Ù· ¿ÙÔÌ· Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ÛÙË Ì¤ÛË Ù˘ ˘Ú·Ì›‰·˜ Ì·ı·›ÓÔ˘Ó Â‡ÎÔÏ· Î·È Î·Ù·ÎÙÔ‡Ó ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙfi¯Ô˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜. OÈ ˘fiÏÔÈÔÈ ·Û¯›˙Ô˘Ó Ó· ÍÂÂÚ¿ÛÔ˘Ó Ù· ‚·ÛÈο ÛÙ¿‰È· Î·È ÎÔÏÏ¿ÓÂÈ ÂΛ. ∏ ·ÓÙ›ıÂÙË ¿Ô„Ë ÈÛ¯˘Ú›˙ÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ÂÈÙ˘¯›Â˜ ÛÙÔ Û¯ÔÏÂ›Ô ‚ÔËı¿Ó ÙÔ˘˜ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ Ó· ÈηÓÔÔÈ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ¿ÏϘ ·Ó¿ÁΘ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙȘ ÌÂÛ·›Â˜ Îϛ̷Θ Ù˘ ˘Ú·Ì›‰·˜. ¢ËÏ·‰‹ Á›ÓÔÌ·È Î·Ïfi˜ Ì·ıËÙ‹˜ ÁÈ· Ó· ηٷÎÙ‹Ûˆ ÙÔ Û‚·ÛÌfi ÙˆÓ Û˘ÌÌ·ıËÙÒÓ ÌÔ˘ Î·È Ù˘ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ¿˜ ÌÔ˘.
∏ ÈÂÚ¿Ú¯ËÛË ÙˆÓ ·Ó·ÁÎÒÓ ª·ı·›ÓÔ˘Ó Â‡ÎÔÏ· ÔÈ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÈηÓÔÔÈ‹ÛÂÈ
(∞Ó·‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘ÛË ·fi «∆· ÁψÛÛÔ„˘¯Ô·È‰·ÁˆÁÈο ÛËÌÂÈÒÌ·Ù·»
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™˘Ì‚Ô˘Ï¢ÙÈ΋ Û ÁÔÓ›˜ Î·È ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ì ̷ıËÛȷΤ˜ ‰˘ÛÎÔϛ˜ ÙÔ˘ °ÚËÁfiÚË B·ÛÈÏÂÈ¿‰Ë æ˘¯ÔÏfiÁÔ˘ - æ˘¯ÔıÂÚ·Â˘Ù‹, M.Sc., Ph.D. ¤Á΢ÚË ·Ó·ÁÓÒÚÈÛË Î·È Û˘ÓÂȉËÙÔÔ›ËÛË ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÁÔÓ›˜, Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ˆÓ „˘¯ÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ, ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÒÓ ·Ú·ÁfiÓÙˆÓ Ô˘ ÂÌϤÎÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ Úfi‚ÏËÌ· ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÈÔ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ÂÊfi‰ÈÔ ÛÙËÓ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ· ۯ‰ȷÛÌÔ‡ ÌÈ·˜ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ·Ú¤Ì‚·Û˘, Ô˘ ΢ڛˆ˜ ÛÙԯ‡ÂÈ Ó· ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÛÂÈ ÙËÓ ·›ÛıËÛË ÈηÓfiÙËÙ·˜, ·˘Ù¿ÚÎÂÈ·, Î·È ÚÔÛˆÈÎÔ‡ ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘ Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ÙÔ ·È‰› ÁÈ· fi,ÙÈ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙË ˙ˆ‹ ÙÔ˘. OÈ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂȘ, ÙfiÛÔ ÙˆÓ ÁÔÓÈÒÓ fiÛÔ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ˆ˜ ÁÓÒÌÔÓ· Î·È ÙÂÏÈÎfi ÛÙfi¯Ô: 1. TË ‰È·ÌfiÚʈÛË ÛÙÔ Û›ÙÈ Î·È ÛÙÔ Û¯ÔÏÂ›Ô ÂÓfi˜ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜ Ô˘ Û˘ÓÙÂÏ› fi¯È ÌfiÓÔ ÛÙÔ Ó· ÂÙ‡¯ÂÈ ÙÔ ·È‰›, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Ó· ‚ÈÒÛÂÈ ·˘Ù‹ ÙÔ˘ ÙËÓ ÂÈÙ˘¯›· ˆ˜ ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ΢ڛˆ˜ ÙˆÓ ‰ÈÎÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÛ·ıÂÈÒÓ Î·È ÈηÓÔًوÓ. °È· Ó· Û˘Ì‚Â› ·˘Ùfi Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÂÓ‰˘Ó·ÌÒÛÔ˘Ì ÙÔ ·È‰› Î·È Ó· ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÛÔ˘Ì ÙËÓ ·›ÛıËÛË fiÙÈ ¤¯ÂÈ ÙÔ ›‰ÈÔ ÚÔÛˆÈο ÙÔ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô Î·È ÙËÓ Â˘ı‡ÓË ÁÈ· ÙË ˙ˆ‹ ÙÔ˘. OÈ ÁÔÓ›˜ ‰ÂÓ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· οÓÔ˘Ó ÂΛÓÔÈ ÙËÓ ‰Ô˘ÏÂÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡, ·ÏÏ¿ Ó· ÙÔ ‚ÔËı‹ÛÔ˘Ó Ó· ÔÚÁ·ÓÒÛÂÈ ÙȘ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂȘ Î·È ÙȘ ‰˘Ó¿ÌÂȘ ÙÔ˘ Ì ٤ÙÔÈÔ ÙÚfiÔ ÒÛÙ ӷ ÂÈÙ‡¯ÂÈ ÙÔ ›‰ÈÔ ÙÔ ÂÈı˘ÌËÙfi ‹ ·Ú·Ï‹ÛÈÔ ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ·. M ·˘Ùfi ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓÔ‡Ó ÛÙÔ ·È‰› ÙËÓ ·Ô‰Ô¯‹ Î·È ÙËÓ ÂÎÙ›ÌËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜, ÂÓÈÛ¯‡Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ·˘ÙÔÂÔ›ıËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘, ‚ÔËıÔ‡Ó ÛÙËÓ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ ËÚÂÌ›·, ÙÔ ÎÈÓËÙÔÔÈÔ‡Ó Ó· ÂÙ‡¯ÂÈ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ·, ÂÓÒ ÂÓı·ÚÚ‡ÓÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ·˘ÙÔÓÔÌ›· ÙÔ˘. 2. TË ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÂÓfi˜ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜ Ô˘ ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂÔ›ıËÛË ÛÙÔ ·È‰› fiÙÈ Ù· Ï¿ıË Î·È ·ÔÙ˘¯›Â˜ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ÌfiÓÔ ·Ô‰ÂÎÙ¤˜, ·ÏÏ¿ Â›Ó·È ·Ó·ÌÂÓfiÌÂÓ·, Î·È Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Ù· ‚Ï¤Ô˘ÌÂ Û·Ó Â˘Î·Èڛ˜ ÁÈ· Ì¿ıËÛË. M ¿ÏÏ· ÏfiÁÈ·, Ó· ÂȉÈÒÎÔ˘Ì ÙÔ ‰‡ÛÎÔÏÔ Ú¿ÁÌ·ÙÈ Î·ı‹ÎÔÓ, Ó· ›ÛÔ˘Ì ٷ
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·È‰È¿ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Â˘¿ÏˆÙ· Û ·ÔÙ˘¯›Â˜, ÔÏÏ¿ ÂÎ ÙˆÓ ÔÔ›ˆÓ ÓÈÒıÔ˘Ó ËÙÙË̤ӷ Î·È ÎÔ˘Ú·Ṳ̂ӷ ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ·ÔÁÔËÙ‡ÛÂˆÓ Î·È ·ÔÙ˘¯ÈÒÓ, fiÙÈ ÔÈ ·ÔÙ˘¯›Â˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÌÔÚ› Ó· Ù· Ô‰ËÁ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÛÙËÓ ÂÈÙ˘¯›·. ¶ÚÔÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ Ó· Â›Ó·È ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfi˜ ¤Ó·˜ ÁÔÓÈfi˜ Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ·È‰› Ì ̷ıËÛȷΤ˜ ‰˘ÛÎÔϛ˜ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Â›Ó·È ¿Óˆ ·’ fiÏ· ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfi˜ Ì¿Ó·Ù˙ÂÚ. H ·ÏÏËÏ›‰Ú·Û‹ ÙÔ˘ Ì ÙÔ ·È‰› Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Â›Ó·È ÚԂϤ„ÈÌË Î·È Ó· ‚·Û›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ· Î·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ÛÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÓfiËÛË ÙˆÓ ¯ÚfiÓÈˆÓ ‰˘ÛÎÔÏÈÒÓ Ô˘ ÙÔ ·È‰› Â›Ó·È Èı·Ófi Ó· ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›ÛÂÈ. £· ‹Ù·Ó ›Ûˆ˜ ¯Ú‹ÛÈÌÔ Ó· ¤¯ÂÈ ˘fi„ÈÓ ÙÔ˘ Ù· ·Ú·Î¿Ùˆ: EÓË̤ڈÛË-Âη›‰Â˘ÛË ÁÔÓ¤ˆÓ: OÈ ÁÔÓ›˜ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÁÓˆÚ›˙Ô˘Ó ÁÈ· fiÏ· Ù· ˙ËÙ‹Ì·Ù· Ô˘ Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Î·È ÔÚÈÔıÂÙÔ‡Ó ÙË ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯‹: ·Ó·Ù˘Íȷο, Ì·ıËÛȷο, Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚÈο Î·È Û˘Ó·ÈÛıËÌ·ÙÈο. ¶Ú¤ÂÈ Â›Û˘ Ó· ·Ú·ÙËÚÔ‡Ó ÙÔ ·È‰› Û fiϘ Ù˘ ÂΉËÏÒÛÂȘ Ù˘ ˙ˆ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ÒÛÙ ӷ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Ì›· fiÛÔ ÙÔ ‰˘Ó·Ùfi ÈÔ ÔÏÔÎÏËڈ̤ÓË ÂÈÎfiÓ· ÁÈ· ÙȘ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ˜ Î·È ÙȘ ·‰˘Ó·Ì›Â˜ ÙÔ˘. AÓ¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡, fi¯È ÌËÛ˘ÌÌfiÚʈÛË: °ÔÓ›˜ Î·È ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ› Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ηٷÓÔ‹ÛÔ˘Ó fiÙÈ Ù· ·È‰È¿ Ì ÂȉÈΤ˜ Ì·ıËÛȷΤ˜ ‰˘ÛÎÔϛ˜ Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó, ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ó· ÙÔ ÂȉÈÒÎÔ˘Ó, ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ·ÙÈ΋ Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿, Ë ÔÔ›· ÔÊ›ÏÂÙ·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ÛÙËÓ ÂÁÁ¤ÓÂÈ ·‰˘Ó·Ì›· ÙÔ˘˜ Ó· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÌÂ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ· ÂÎÙÂÏÂÛÙÈΤ˜ ‰ÂÍÈfiÙËÙ˜. ¢ÂÓ ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó ÛÎfiÈÌ· ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù·, fiˆ˜ Ù· ·È‰È¿ Ô˘ Û˘ÓÂȉËÙ¿ ÂÈϤÁÔ˘Ó Ó· ÌË Û˘ÌÌÔÚʈıÔ‡Ó Ì ԉËÁ›Â˜ Î·È Î·ÓfiÓ˜. £ÂÙÈΤ˜ ηÙ¢ı‡ÓÛÂȘ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ·È‰È¿: M ÙÔ Ó· ϤÌ ÛÙ· ·È‰È¿ ÙÈ Ó· οÓÔ˘Ó, ·Ú¿ ÙÈ Ó· ÌËÓ Î¿ÓÔ˘Ó ÙÔ˘˜ ‰›ÓÔ˘Ì ¤Ó·˘ÛÌ· Î·È Î›ÓËÙÚ· ÁÈ· ‰Ú¿ÛË, ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ó· Ù· ·ÔÙÚ¤Ô˘ÌÂ. O ÛÙfi¯Ô˜
Ì·˜ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Ó· ¯Ù›ÛÔ˘Ì ÙȘ ‰˘Ó¿ÌÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡ Î·È fi¯È Ó· ÌÂÁÂı‡ÓÔ˘Ì ÙȘ ·‰˘Ó·Ì›Â˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÈÙ˘Á¯¿ÓÂÙ·È Ôχ ηχÙÂÚ· Ì ٤ÙÔÈÔ˘ ›‰Ô˘˜ ÚÔÙÚÔ¤˜. ™ÙÔ ›‰ÈÔ ıÂÙÈÎfi Ï·›ÛÈÔ Ú¤ÂÈ ÔÈ ÁÔÓ›˜ Ó· ı¤ÙÔ˘Ó οÔÈÔ˘˜ ηÓfiÓ˜, ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÂÊ·ÚÌfi˙ÔÓÙ·È ÌÂ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ·. ™˘Ó·ÈÛıËÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ·ÓÙȉڿÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ÁÔÓÈÒÓ, fiˆ˜ Ô ı˘Ìfi˜, Ë ÁÂÏÔÈÔÔ›ËÛË ‹ Ô ¯Ï¢·ÛÌfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡ ηÏfi Â›Ó·È Ó· ·ÔʇÁÔÓÙ·È. O ÁÔÓÈfi˜ ‰ÂÓ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ͯӿ fiÙÈ ÙÔ ·È‰› ¤¯ÂÈ Úfi‚ÏËÌ· Ì ÙÔÓ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô Ù˘ Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿˜ ÙÔ˘ Î·È fiÙÈ ÌfiÓÔ ¯ÂÈÚfiÙÂÚ· ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÓÈÒÛÂÈ Â¿Ó ÙÔ˘ ÂÈ: «·˘Ù‹ Ë ÂÚÁ·Û›· Ô˘ ÛÔ˘ ¤‚·Ï· Ó· οÓÂȘ Â›Ó·È Ôχ ‡ÎÔÏË. O ηı¤Ó·˜ ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡Û ӷ ÙËÓ Î¿ÓÂÈ!». AÓÙ› Ó· ÂÈ Ô ÁÔÓÈfi˜ ÛÙÔ ·È‰›: «Â¿Ó ÚÔÛ·ıÔ‡Û˜ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ı· Ù· ‹Á·ÈÓ˜ ηχÙÂÚ·», ‹ «Â¿Ó ¤‰ÂȯÓ˜ ÈÔ Û˘¯Ó¿ ÙËÓ ··Ú·›ÙËÙË ÚÔÛÔ¯‹ Î·È ‰ÂÓ ÙÂ̤ÏÈ·˙˜, ı· ›¯Â˜ ηχÙÂÚ˜ ÂȉfiÛÂȘ ÛÙÔ Û¯ÔÏ›Ի, ı· ‹Ù·Ó ÈÔ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfi Ó· ÙÔ˘ ÂÈ: «NÔÌ›˙ˆ fiÙÈ ÚÔÛ·ı›˜, ÈÛÙ‡ˆ fï˜ fiÙÈ ÙÔ Úfi‚ÏËÌ· ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÔÊ›ÏÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ fiÙÈ ÔÈ ÙÚfiÔÈ/ Ù¯ÓÈΤ˜ Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ›˜ ÁÈ· Ó· Ì¿ıÂȘ, ‹ ÔÈ Ù¯ÓÈΤ˜ Ô˘ ÔÈ ‰¿ÛηÏÔ› ÛÔ˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡Ó ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚ˜ ‰˘Ó·Ù¤˜». T¤ÙÔÈÔ˘ ›‰Ô˘˜ Û¯fiÏÈ· ·fi ÙË ÌÈ· ‰ÂÓ ˆıÔ‡Ó ÙÔ ·È‰› Û ·Ì˘ÓÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Î·È ·fi ÙËÓ ¿ÏÏË ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÙÔ Î¿ÓÔ˘Ó Ó· ·Ó·ÚˆÙËı› ÙÈ ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ «Ù¯ÓÈ΋» Ì¿ıËÛ˘ Î·È Ó· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÔ˘Ó ¤ÙÛÈ ·ÊÂÙËÚ›· ÂÓfi˜ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÈÎÔ‡ ‰È·ÏfiÁÔ˘ Ì ÙÔ ·È‰› Ô˘ ı· ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÛÂÈ ÙÔ ÎÚÈÙÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ Ó‡̷ Î·È ÙËÓ ÏËÚÔÊfiÚËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘ Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ Ù¯ÓÈÎÒÓ Ì¿ıËÛ˘ ÎÈ ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜. T· ·È‰È¿ Ì ÂȉÈΤ˜ Ì·ıËÛȷΤ˜ ‰˘ÛÎÔϛ˜ ¯ÚÂÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È Û˘¯ÓfiÙÂÚË Â·Ó·ÙÚÔÊÔ‰fiÙËÛË ÁÈ· ÙȘ ÂȉfiÛÂȘ Î·È ÙË Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÁÔÓ›˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ‰·ÛοÏÔ˘˜. OÈ ÁÔÓ›˜ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· «¯Ù›˙Ô˘Ó» ÙË Û¯¤ÛË ÙÔ˘˜ Ì ÙÔ ·È‰›: OÈ ÁÔÓ›˜ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ı˘ÌÔ‡ÓÙ·È ˆ˜ Ë Û¯¤ÛË ÙÔ˘˜ Ì ÙÔ ·È‰› ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÂÚ¿ÛÂÈ ‰ÔÎÈ̷ۛ˜. E›Ó·È Ôχ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi Ó· ÍÔ‰Â‡Ô˘Ó ·ÚÎÂÙfi ¯ÚfiÓÔ Ì ÙÔ ·È‰› ÁÈ· Ó· ‰È·ÙËÚ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÙË Û¯¤ÛË ÙÔ˘˜ ˙ˆÓÙ·Ó‹ Î·È ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈ΋. K·Ïfi ı· ‹Ù·Ó Ó· ‚ÚÔ˘Ó, ̤۷ ·fi ÙË Û˘˙‹ÙËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ Ì ÙÔ ·È‰›, ÌÈ· ¢¯¿ÚÈÛÙË ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ· Î·È Ó· ·ÏÏËÏÂȉÚÔ‡Ó ¤ÙÛÈ, ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ ÌÂÚÈΤ˜ ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÙËÓ Â‚‰ÔÌ¿‰·. AÌÔÈ‚¤˜: T· ·È‰È¿ ·˘Ù¿ ¯ÚÂÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È Ó· ·Ì›‚ÔÓÙ·È ÈÔ Û˘¯Ó¿, Î·È ÌÂ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ·. TfiÛÔ ÔÈ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÔ› ÂÓÈÛ¯˘Ù¤˜ (ÂȉÔÎÈÌ·Û›·), fiÛÔ Î·È ÔÈ ˘ÏÈΤ˜ ·ÌÔÈ‚¤˜ (·È¯Ó›‰È·, ȉȷ›ÙÂÚË ÌÂÙ·¯Â›ÚÈÛË Î·È ÚÔÓfiÌÈ·) Â›Ó·È Î·Ïfi Ó· ÚÔÛʤÚÔÓÙ·È Û ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ ‚·ıÌfi οı ÊÔÚ¿ Ô˘ ÙÔ ·È‰› Û˘ÓÂÚÁ¿˙ÂÙ·È ‹ ¤¯ÂÈ Î¿ÔÈ· ÂÈÙ˘¯›·. ™ÙËÓ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·, Ù· ·È‰È¿ Ì ÂȉÈΤ˜ Ì·ıËÛȷΤ˜ ‰˘ÛÎÔϛ˜ ‰¤¯ÔÓÙ·È Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ ÏÈÁfiÙÂÚ˜ ıÂÙÈΤ˜ ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÛÂȘ ·fi fiÙÈ Ù· ·‰ÂÚÊ¿ÎÈ· ÙÔ˘˜. ¶Ú¤ÂÈ, ÏÔÈfiÓ, ÔÈ ÁÔÓ›˜ Ó· ÚÔÛ·ıÔ‡Ó Ó· ÎÚ·Ù‹ÛÔ˘Ó Î¿ÔÈ· ÈÛÔÚÚÔ›·. T¿ÈÌÈÓÁÎ: OÈ Û˘Ó¤ÂȘ ÙfiÛÔ ÔÈ ·ÌÔÈ‚¤˜, fiÛÔ Î·È ÔÈ ÙÈ̈ڛ˜ Ô˘ Ù· ·È‰È¿ ·ÔÎÔÌ›˙Ô˘Ó ·fi ÙË Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÌËÓ ·¤¯Ô˘Ó ¯ÚÔÓÈο ·fi ÙË Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿ Î·È Ó· ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÔ‡Ó ÙË Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿ οı ÊÔÚ¿ Ô˘ ÙÔ ·È‰› Â-
ÓÂÚÁ› Ì’ ·˘Ùfi ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ (Ù·¯‡ÙËÙ· Î·È ·È‰ÈÔ‡ ÛÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ·, Î·È Ó· ·Ú¯›Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ·). ÛÔ˘Ó Ó· ‰Ô˘ÏÂ‡Ô˘Ó Ì’ ·˘Ù¿ Ù· ÚÔ‚Ï‹¶ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ·ÚÔ¯‹˜-·Ê·›ÚÂÛ˘ ·- Ì·Ù· ÚÔÏËÙÈο, Ì ıÂÙÈÎfi ÙÚfiÔ, ÌÔÈ‚ÒÓ: ÚÔÙÔ‡ Ë ·ÓÔ¯‹ Î·È Ë ˘ÔÌÔÓ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ™‡Ìʈӷ Ì' ·˘Ùfi, ·Ú¤¯Ô˘Ì ·fi Í·ÓÙÏËıÔ‡Ó, ÔfiÙÂ Ë ÌÔÓ·‰È΋ ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÙËÓ ·Ú¯‹ Ù˘ Ë̤ڷ˜ fiÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ıÂÙÈ- ÓÙ›‰Ú·ÛË ı· Â›Ó·È Ë ·ÔÁÔ‹Ù¢ÛË, Ô ÎÔ‡˜ ÂÓÈÛ¯˘Ù¤˜ (·ÌÔÈ‚¤˜) ÛÙÔ ·È‰› Î·È ı˘Ìfi˜ Î·È Ë ·ÚÓËÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·. ÙÔ ·È‰› ı· Ú¤ÂÈ ÂȉÂÈÎÓ‡ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ™YM¶EPA™MA ÂÈı˘ÌËÙ‹ Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿ Ó· ÙÔ˘˜ ‰È·ÙËÚ‹ÛÂÈ, Û ·ÓÙ›ıÂÙË ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ·Ê·ÈOÈ Ì·ıËÛȷΤ˜ ‰˘ÛÎÔϛ˜ ‰È·ÚÎÔ‡Ó ÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È. ◊ ÌÔÚ› ÙÔ ·È‰› Ó· ÍÂÎÈÓ‹ÛÂÈ ·fi ÙÔ Ìˉ¤Ó, ‰›ÓÔÓÙ¿˜ ÙÔ˘ fï˜ fiÛÔ Î·È Ë ˙ˆ‹ ÙÔ˘ ·ÙfiÌÔ˘ ÂËÚ¿˙ÔÙËÓ Â˘Î·ÈÚ›· Ó· ÎÂÚ‰›ÛÂÈ Î·Ù¿ ÙË ÓÙ·˜ ·ÚÓËÙÈο fiϘ ÙȘ Ï¢ڤ˜ Ù˘ Î·È ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ Ë̤ڷ˜ 3 ‹ Î·È 5 ÊÔÚ¤˜ Ù· ÂÍÂÏÈÎÙÈο ÛÙ¿‰È· Ù˘ ˙ˆ‹˜ ȉȷ›ÙÂÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ˘˜ ÂÓÈÛ¯˘Ù¤˜ ˆ˜ ·ÓÙ¿Ï- Ú· ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ÂÊ‹‚Ô˘. ™ÙËÓ ÈÏ·ÁÌ· ÁÈ· ÙË ıÂÙÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿, ‰·ÓÈ΋ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË, ·˘Ù¤˜ ÔÈ ÎÚ˘Ê¤˜ ·Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ·˘Ù¤˜ ÙȘ ·ÌÔÈ‚¤˜ Ô˘ ı· Ó·Ëڛ˜ ÂÓÙÔ›˙ÔÓÙ·È, ‰È·ÁÈÁÓÒÛÎÔ¯¿ÛÂÈ Â¿Ó Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÂÚı› ·ÚÓËÙÈο. ÓÙ·È Î·È ıÂڷ‡ÔÓÙ·È. TÔ ·È‰› ‹ Ô ¤(.¯., ı· ¿ÚÂÈ 5 Û·ÎÔ˘Ï¿ÎÈ· ÙÛȘ Â¿Ó ÊË‚Ô˜ ı· ¯ÚÂÈ·ÛÙ› Ó· ·Ú·ÂÌÊı› οÓÂÈ Î¿ÙÈ ÛˆÛÙ¿, ÂÓÒ ı· ¯¿ÛÂÈ ÌfiÓÔ 1 Û’ ¤Ó·Ó „˘¯ÔÏfiÁÔ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË Ô˘ Â¿Ó Î¿ÓÂÈ Î¿ÙÈ Ï¿ıÔ˜). E›Û˘, ÔÈ ÈÔ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÂӉ›ÍÂȘ ÁÈ· Û˘Ó·ÈÛıËÌ·ÙÈÛ˘¯Ó¤˜ (ηıËÌÂÚÈÓ¤˜) ¢ηÈڛ˜ ÁÈ· Â- ο, ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈο Î·È ÔÈÎÔÁÂÓÂȷο ÚÔÈ‚Ú¿‚¢ÛË ‚ÔËıÔ‡Ó ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ·- ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· ‹ ÂӉ›ÍÂȘ ÙÔ˘ Û˘Ó‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ fi ÙȘ ·ÌÔÈ‚¤˜ Ô˘ ‰›ÓÔÓÙ·È ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Â- ÂÏÏÂÈÌÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ÚÔÛÔ¯‹˜-˘ÂÚÎÈÓËÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜. ÈÙ˘¯›· Ì·ÎÚÔÚfiıÂÛÌˆÓ ÛÙfi¯ˆÓ. ¶ÚÔÊ˘Ï¿ÍÂȘ/ ÚÔÛ¯¤‰ÈÔ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ H ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙÂÚË ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÁÔÓ›˜: ÛË ÙˆÓ ·Ú·¿Óˆ ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÚÔ¸OÈ ÁÔÓ›˜, ÁÓˆÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ Ù· fiÚÈ·, ÙȘ Ôı¤ÙÂÈ ¿Óˆ ·’ fiÏ· ÙË Û˘Ó¯‹ Û˘‰˘Ó¿ÌÂȘ, Î·È ÙȘ ·‰˘Ó·Ì›Â˜ ÙÔ˘ ·È‰È- ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÂÌÏÂÎfiÌÂÓˆÓ ÂÔ‡ (ÛÙÔ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎfi, Ì·ıËÛÈ·Îfi Î·È Â- ·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈÒÓ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ÁÔÓ›˜, ÙˆÓ ÔÎÙÂÏÂÛÙÈÎfi ›‰Ô) Â›Ó·È Î·Ïfi Ó· Ô›ˆÓ Ô ÚfiÏÔ˜ Â›Ó·È Î·Ù·Ï˘ÙÈÎfi˜ ÛÙËÓ ÚÔÊ˘Ï¿ÛÛÔ˘Ó ÙÔ ·È‰› ·fi ηٷÛÙ¿- ÂÓ›Û¯˘ÛË Ù˘ ·˘ÙÔÓÔÌ›·˜ Î·È ·˘ÙÔÂÛÂȘ ÛÙȘ Ôԛ˜ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÌÂÁ¿ÏË Èı·- Ô›ıËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ÙÔ˘˜. ÓfiÙËÙ· Ó· ÂÈÛÚ¿ÍÂÈ ·ÚÓËÙÈ΋ ÂÓ›Û¯˘AÓ Ì¿ÏÈÛÙ· Ô fiÚÔ˜ «ÂȉÈΤ˜ ·Ó¿ÛË, ·›ÛıËÌ· ÌÂÈÔÓÂÍ›·˜, Î·È ·fiÚÚÈ„Ë ÁΘ» ·ÓÙÈηٷÛÙ·ı› ̤۷ ÙÔ˘˜ ·fi ÂÍ·ÈÙ›·˜ Ù˘ Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿˜ ÙÔ˘. ÙËÓ ÊÚ¿ÛË «Î¿ı ·È‰› ¤¯ÂÈ ÙËÓ ·Ó¿AÓ¿Ù˘ÍË ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÒÓ ‰ÂÍÈÔًوÓ: ÁÎË Ó· ·ÈÛı¿ÓÂÙ·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚÔ» ÙfiÙ ÔÈ H ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÒÓ ‰ÂÍÈÔÙ‹- ÁÔÓ›˜ ı· Á›ÓÔ˘Ó ÔÈ ¯·ÚÈÛÌ·ÙÈÎÔ› ÂÎÂ›ÙˆÓ Â›Ó·È Ì›· ·fi ÙȘ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ˜ ÓÔÈ ÂÓ‹ÏÈΘ Ô˘ ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ‚ϤÚÔÎÏ‹ÛÂȘ Ô˘ ÔÈ ÁÔÓ›˜ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ì È- Ô˘Ó ÙË ÌÔÓ·‰È΋ ÔÌÔÚÊÈ¿ Î·È ‰‡Ó·ÌË ‰È·ÈÙÂÚfiÙËÙ˜ ηÏÔ‡ÓÙ·È Ó· ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ- ÛÙÔ ·È‰› ÙÔ˘˜ ÚÔÛʤÚÔÓÙ·˜ Û' ·˘Ùfi ›ÛÔ˘Ó. H ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡ Î·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ›‰ÈÔ˘˜ ÙÔ ·ÎÚÈ‚fiÙÂÚÔ ‰ÒÚÔ, ı· ηıÔÚ›ÛÂÈ ÙÂÏÈο Û ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ‚·ıÌfi ÙË ¯ˆÚ›˜ fiÚÔ˘˜ ·Ô‰Ô¯‹. ÙËÓ ·˘ÙÔÂÔ›ıËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘, ÙȘ ÊÈϛ˜ ÙÔ˘, °ÚËÁfiÚ˘ B·ÛÈÏÂÈ¿‰Ë˜ Î·È ÙËÓ ÚÔÛ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙË Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ æ˘¯ÔÏfiÁÔ˜, æ˘¯ÔıÂÚ·Â˘Ù‹˜, ˙ˆ‹. TÔ ÈÔ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi fï˜ Â›Ó·È fiÙÈ ÔÈ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈΤ˜ ‰ÂÍÈfiÙËÙ˜ ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡ M.Sc., Ph.D. “A˘ÙÔÁÓˆÛ›·” K¤ÓÙÚÔ BÚ·¯Â›·˜ ı· ηıÔÚ›ÛÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ÂÈÙ˘¯›· ÙÔ˘ Î·È ÙËÓ ÚÔÛ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙË ÂÓ‹ÏÈÎË ˙ˆ‹ æ˘¯ÔıÂڷ›·˜ ¢/ÓÛË: ¶··‰È·Ì·ÓÙÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘ 2, ÙÔ˘. H ¤Ú¢ӷ ÍÂοı·Ú· ˘ÔÛÙËÚ›˙ÂÈ ÙËÓ ¿Ô„Ë fiÙÈ Ë ÔÈfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ ˙ˆ‹˜ Â- Aı‹Ó· TËϤʈÓÔ: 6977866461 ÓËÏ›ÎˆÓ Ì ̷ıËÛȷΤ˜ ‰˘ÛÎÔϛ˜ ÂUrl: www.aftognosia.gr Í·ÚÙ¿Ù·È ÚÒÙ· ·’ fiÏ· ·fi ÙÔ ‚·ıÌfi ÛÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô Î·Ù¿ÊÂÚ·Ó Ó· ·Ó·Ù‡ÍÔ˘Ó ÙȘ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈΤ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ‰ÂÍÈfiÙËÙ˜ Î·È fi¯È ·fi ÙȘ ·Î·‰ËÌ·˚Τ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÂȉfiÛÂȘ. OÈ ÁÔÓ›˜ Ó· ÊÚÔÓÙ›˙Ô˘Ó ÙÔÓ Â·˘Ùfi ÙÔ˘˜: OÈ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂȘ Ì’ ¤Ó· ‹ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ· ·È‰È¿ Ì ÂȉÈΤ˜ Ì·ıËÛȷΤ˜ ‰˘ÛÎÔϛ˜ Û˘¯Ó¿ ‚ÈÒÓÔ˘Ó ¤ÓÙÔÓÔ ÛÙÚ˜, Û˘˙˘ÁÈο ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· Î·È ÛÔ‚·Ú¿ Û˘Ó·ÈÛıËÌ·ÙÈο ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· Ô˘ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ·ÊÂÙËÚ›· ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙȘ ‰˘ÛÎÔϛ˜ Î·È ÙË Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡. E›Ó·È ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ÏÔÈfiÓ Ó· Û˘ÓÂȉËÙÔÔÈ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÁÚ‹ÁÔÚ· ÔÈ ÁÔÓ›˜ ÙËÓ Â›‰Ú·ÛË Ô˘ ÌÔÚ› Ó· Contact Us: 210-6390030, 210-6081673 ¤¯ÂÈ Ë ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÙÔ˘
Sylvia Kar Publications
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ALTE: 3rd International Conference The Social and Educational Impact of Language Assesment major multilingual event to all professionals with an interest in language assessment and associated issues.
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Welcome The Association of Language Testers in Europe (ALTE) is holding its 3rd International Conference at the University of Cambridge, hosted by the University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations. The conference theme, The Social and Educational Impact of Language Assessment, makes this key, multilingual event form a bridge between the world of language assessment and educational, social, cultural and economic environments and contexts. Language assessment has an impact on the whole of society: the plenary speakers —leading experts in language assessment— will deliver a series of keynote presentations drawing these elements together. These speakers, together with papers and forms, will create a dynamic convergence of ideas where these links will be explored, and exciting
connections and breakthroughs in happen. ALTE Cambridge 2008 represents a unique opprtunity to take part in this interchange of ideas, to meet with other experts in the world of language assessment and linguistics: to learn, to share and to develop our knowledge.
welcomed in German, English, Spanish, French and Italian on the following topics: ñ Language Assessment and Intercultural Dialogue ñ Language Assessment: Impact and Stakeholders If you would like to submit a paper in a
ALTE Cabridge 2008 will be of interest to anyone concerned with language testing and its impact, and is of interest and importance to anyone working in the following fields: ñ Applied linguistics ñ Language teaching ñ Educational policy and regulation ñ European language policy ñ Social policy and regulation ñ Migration policy and regulation ñ International business
language other than the obeve, pleace email the ALTE Secretariat: [email protected] Those selected will have a unique opportunity to present their papers to an audience of leading theorists and practioners within the field of language assessment from around the world. The theme of ALTE Cambridge is The Social and Educational Impact of Language Assessment. Papers are welcomed in German, English, Spanish, French and Italian on the following topics:
Call for papers The theme of ALTE Cambridge is The Social and Educational Impact of Language Assessment. Papers are
ñ Language Assessment for Teaching and Learning ñ Language Assessment and
Intercultural Dialogue ñ Language Assessment: Impact and Stakeholders If you like to submit a paper in a language other than the above, please email thw ALTE Secretariat: [email protected] Those selected will have a unique opportunity to present their papers to an audience of leading theorists and practitioners within the field of language assessment from around the world.
Essential Paper Proposal information ñ The closing date for proposals is 31 October 2007 ñ Paper Title maximum 15 words ñ Abstract for Selection Committee maximum 250 words ñ Abstract for Programme maximum 70 words ñ No biographical is required ñ All Papers will be 45 minutes (including questions) ñ Presenters will be informed if they have been selected in December 2007.
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Enseignant: une profession en évolution permanente Par Constantin TEGOS e métier d'enseignant est un métier chargé de tradition1. L’ enseignant est celui qui transmet le savoir et les valeurs fondamentales de la société. Mais la société change constamment et le rôle de l' enseignant se modifie profondément. Il y a deux facteurs qui apportent des changements considérables dans le métier d'enseignant: ñ Les technologies de l'information et de la communication pour l’ éducation (TICE). Elles affectent les savoirs et l'accès aux savoirs. Ainsi, l'école n'est plus le seul lieu où l'on trouve le savoir et l'enseignant ne peut plus être seulement le transmetteur de connaissances. De nos jours, il devient un guide, un tuteur, qui accompagne l'élève dans l'accès au savoir. ñ Les conditions sociales de l'enseignement font du métier d' enseignant un métier complexe et de plus en plus difficile. En effet, l’ apparition de la violence dans l’ école place les enseignants au cœur d’un ensemble de changements où, ils deviennent les premiers agents des «mutations» et des évolutions. Les attentes de la société envers l'école et envers les enseignants évoluent aussi. Elles se situent dans un contexte de démocratisation des systèmes éducatifs, de mondialisation des sociétés et des savoirs. Dans ce contexte, la société attend de l'enseignant: – qu'il fasse acquérir des savoirs, des outils, des concepts, des processus, des compétences (inter)culturelles2, d’une part,
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– qu' il forme des citoyens, qu' il transmette les valeurs fondamentales de la société et les valeurs universelles de l' humanité, d’autre part. Mais, un enseignant ne possède pas dès son entrée dans le métier l'ensemble des connaissances et des compétences pour tout cas ou/et contexte rencontré. C’est pourquoi, il devra suivre une formation continue, garder cet appétit de connaissances et cette curiosité intellectuelle, qu'il ne pourra pas faire naître chez ses élèves s'il ne les possède pas lui-même. L’émergence des nouveaux métiers de l'enseignement tels que les aideséducateurs, spécialistes d’orientation professionnelle, etc. confortent le métier d’enseignant. Enseigner est un métier de liberté et de responsabilité intellectuelle. Il appartient à chaque enseignant de définir, de construire sa propre manière d’approche(s) et d’initiative(s). Il ne peut pas exister de méthode universelle d'enseignement. Toutefois, c'est un métier auquel il faut se former, avant de l'exercer. Cette formation ne peut se réduire ni à un corporatisme (on se limite uniquement aux expériences des collèguesenseignants), ni à des enseignements théoriques (connaissances et savoirs universitaires). Elle nécessite des échanges incessants entre la pratique et la théorie, entre l'expérience et les apports fondamentaux. Elle doit permettre à l'enseignant de se livrer à une analyse réflexive de sa pratique. En outre, l' enseignant doit maîtriser les processus de la transmission des savoirs, l'enseignement et l'apprentissage, il doit savoir ce qu'est un enfant ou
un jeune qui apprend; il doit pouvoir gérer une classe. Pour ce faire, il doit «être» psychologue, sociologue, philosophe, voire écologiste; il doit maîtriser les TICE et les techniques de l'enseignement3. Récupérer le grand prestige et la reconnaissance sociale forte que jouissait il y a quelques décennies l’enseignant constituent son nouveau défi à relever. L'enseignant ne retrouvera son statut social fort que dans la mesure où la société reconnaîtra dans l'enseignement et l'éducation un investissement essentiel pour l'avenir. Finalement, le métier d'enseignant n'est pas seulement lié aux savoirs et à leur transmission. Il est profondément lié aux attentes et aux évolutions de la société, et à la place que la société entend donner à l'éducation. Dans cette complexité croissante, le métier d'enseignant devient de plus en plus délicat, capital, et passionnant. C'est la preuve qu’il s’agit d’une profession en évolution permanente. ––––––––––––– (1) Rapport de l’UNESCO 2005-2006 (2) L'interculturel cf. articles: www.editionstegos.com (3) «Réussir la production écrite des niveaux B1, B2, C1, C2» - La méthodologie de la production écrite EDITIONS TEGOS 2007
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The teacher as a teaching aid by Sima Jalil Although we now live in a high tech world and have access to a variety of teaching aids, there is one aid that is convenient, portable, uses no electricity, can be used effectively in light or dark and is available all the time. Yes, the teacher him or herself! In my experience as a teacher I have discovered that I can involve students more in classroom discussion and activities if I follow certain simple steps. ñ Movement ñ Use body language ñ Eye contact ñ Gesture ñ Facial expression ñ Speech ñ Student talk ñ Names Movement Sitting behind a desk or standing on a dais creates a "distance" between the teacher and the students. Try to have an aisle and enough space between the rows so that you can easily reach those at the back. This way you can talk to individual students, allow the shy ones to ask questions quietly without the fear of embarrassment, as well as check their work and help them. Some movement on your side is essential, because it allows the students to focus on you. ñ Stepping forward to emphasise a
point, small steps towards different sides of the class lets the student feel that the teacher is taking genuine interest in what he or she is saying. Use body language Your body should be in your control. Hold it in such a way that you look alert and awake. Avoid slumping and sagging. Just as too little movement is boring, too much movement can be a distraction. ñ When your posture is erect it puts the you in control of the situation and the students realise this. It also encourages the students subconsciously, to become alert as well. You may notice the lazy ones sitting up and paying more attention to what is happening around them. Top of page Eye contact Make an effort to keep eyes lively, aware and interested. Move them around to take in everything. Fix them on specific students, but not for so long that they become uncomfortable! Avoid focusing on the worst or best students. ñ Knowing that the teacher demands eye contact keeps the students alert. It also gives the teacher a feedback on the impact of what he or she is saying. This is particularly important in large
classes, where "distance" between the teacher and learner is greater, and individual attention is more difficult. ñ An effective teacher can control class behaviour to a great extent by the expression of his or her eyes. ñ Make sure that you make eye contact with each student, so that it seems you are talking to him or her individually. Top of page Gestures Arms and hands are a very expressive visual aid. They can be used to describe shapes, actions, movements etc. but, remember to keep still while listening to a student. Otherwise the message sent to the student is that he is being longwinded or boring. ñ Habits such as fiddling with notes and books, playing with pens, key chains, or doodling with chalk on the black board can be both distracting and irritating for the student. Top of page Facial expressions There's nothing worse than a constant frown, which discourages students from asking questions, feeling free to discuss a problem or coming for help. A smile can work wonders. ñ It encourages the student to participate more actively and dispels the notion that the teacher is over critical. ñ Look interested while a student is speaking. ñ A smile, a grimace, a curl of the lips, raised eyebrows etc. at appropriate moments will send messages as needed. ñ Send positive vibes and cultivate a sympathetic and encouraging expression! Speech Have you ever heard yourself speak? Do you know what your voice sounds like to others? A low monotone or a high-pitched voice can be difficult to understand or grating to the ears. Does the sound of your voice send students to sleep or running for earplugs? ñ Be critical of yourself. Try taping your voice - listen to yourself. Where are you slipping up? ñ Make your own personal checklist: – Are you speaking at the right volume? – Does the end of your sentence fall so low that students sitting at the back cannot hear? – Are you hemming and hawing too much? – Are you speaking too fast? Student talk Break the monotony and give students plenty of time to talk! It will keep them alert. Make small jokes, be friendly. Names Call students by their name. It sounds warmer and friendlier and lessens the distance between the teacher and learner. The teacher is the best teaching aid. Be sure that you are using yourself to the full effect. The article can be found together with many useful articles for teachers of English at the British Council website http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/
«º‡ÏÏÔ Î·È ºÙÂÚfi» Ù· ‚È‚Ï›· ¯ˆÚ›˜ ‰È·ÎÚ›ÛÂȘ Î·È ÂÍ·ÈÚ¤ÛÂȘ ™˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ·fi ÙË ÛÂÏ. 6
ÎÔ‡ ∂ϤÁ¯Ô˘ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ηو٤ڈ ÓÔÌÔ‡˜: ñ ™ÙÔ ¡ÔÌfi ∞ÙÙÈ΋˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Ó ÂÓÓ¤· ÂȉÈο Û˘ÓÂÚÁ›·, ÛÙÂϯˆÌ¤Ó· Ì 144 ˘·ÏÏ‹ÏÔ˘˜, ÂÓÓ¤· Û˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙ¤˜ Î·È ÂÓÓ¤· ·Ó·ÏËÚˆÙ¤˜ Û˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙÒÓ. ñ ™ÙÔ ¡ÔÌfi £ÂÛÛ·ÏÔӛ΢ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Ó ‰‡Ô ÂȉÈο Û˘ÓÂÚÁ›·, ÛÙÂϯˆÌ¤Ó· Ì 17 ˘·ÏÏ‹ÏÔ˘˜, ‰‡Ô Û˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙ¤˜ Î·È ‰‡Ô ·Ó·ÏËÚˆÙ¤˜ Û˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙÒÓ. ñ ™ÙÔ ¡ÔÌfi ∫·‚¿Ï·˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ¤Ó· ÂȉÈÎfi Û˘ÓÂÚÁ›Ô, ÛÙÂϯˆÌ¤ÓÔ Ì ÂÓÓ¤· ˘·ÏÏ‹ÏÔ˘˜ Î·È ‰‡Ô ¶ÚÔ˚Ûٷ̤ÓÔ˘˜ (™˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙ‹ Î·È ∞Ó·ÏËÚˆÙ‹). ñ ™ÙÔ ¡ÔÌfi ÷ÏÎȉÈ΋˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ¤Ó· ÂȉÈÎfi Û˘ÓÂÚÁÂ›Ô ÛÙÂϯˆÌ¤ÓÔ Ì ÂÓÓ¤· ˘·ÏÏ‹ÏÔ˘˜ Î·È ‰‡Ô ¶ÚÔ˚Ûٷ̤ÓÔ˘˜ (™˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙ‹ Î·È ∞Ó·ÏËÚˆÙ‹), ñ ™ÙÔ ¡ÔÌfi ¶ÈÂÚ›·˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ¤Ó· ÂȉÈÎfi Û˘ÓÂÚÁÂ›Ô ÛÙÂϯˆÌ¤ÓÔ Ì ÂÓÓ¤· ˘·ÏÏ‹ÏÔ˘˜ Î·È ‰‡Ô ¶ÚÔ˚Ûٷ̤ÓÔ˘˜ (™˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙ‹ Î·È ∞Ó·ÏËÚˆÙ‹). ñ ™ÙÔ ¡ÔÌfi ª·ÁÓËÛ›·˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ¤Ó· ÂȉÈÎfi Û˘ÓÂÚÁÂ›Ô ÛÙÂϯˆÌ¤ÓÔ Ì ÂÓÓ¤· ˘·ÏÏ‹ÏÔ˘˜ Î·È ‰‡Ô ¶ÚÔ˚Ûٷ̤ÓÔ˘˜ (™˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙ‹ Î·È ∞Ó·ÏËÚˆÙ‹).
ñ ™ÙÔ ¡ÔÌfi ∂˘‚Ô›·˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ¤Ó· ÂȉÈÎfi Û˘ÓÂÚÁÂ›Ô ÛÙÂϯˆÌ¤ÓÔ Ì ÂÓÓ¤· ˘·ÏÏ‹ÏÔ˘˜ Î·È ‰‡Ô ¶ÚÔ˚Ûٷ̤ÓÔ˘˜ (™˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙ‹ Î·È ∞Ó·ÏËÚˆÙ‹). ñ ™ÙÔ ¡ÔÌfi πˆ·ÓÓ›ÓˆÓ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ¤Ó· ÂȉÈÎfi Û˘ÓÂÚÁÂ›Ô ÛÙÂϯˆÌ¤ÓÔ Ì ÂÓÓ¤· ˘·ÏÏ‹ÏÔ˘˜ Î·È ‰‡Ô ¶ÚÔ˚Ûٷ̤ÓÔ˘˜ (™˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙ‹ Î·È ∞Ó·ÏËÚˆÙ‹). ñ ™ÙÔ ¡ÔÌfi ∫ÔÚÈÓı›·˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ¤Ó· ÂȉÈÎfi Û˘ÓÂÚÁÂ›Ô ÛÙÂϯˆÌ¤ÓÔ Ì ÂÓÓ¤· ˘·ÏÏ‹ÏÔ˘˜ Î·È ‰‡Ô ¶ÚÔ˚Ûٷ̤ÓÔ˘˜ (™˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙ‹ Î·È ∞Ó·ÏËÚˆÙ‹). ñ ™ÙÔ ¡ÔÌfi ∞ÚÁÔÏ›‰·˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ¤Ó· ÂȉÈÎfi Û˘ÓÂÚÁÂ›Ô ÛÙÂϯˆÌ¤ÓÔ Ì ÂÓÓ¤· ˘·ÏÏ‹ÏÔ˘˜ Î·È ‰‡Ô ¶ÚÔ˚Ûٷ̤ÓÔ˘˜ (™˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙ‹ Î·È ∞Ó·ÏËÚˆÙ‹). ñ ™ÙÔ ¡ÔÌfi ÷ӛˆÓ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ¤Ó· ÂȉÈÎfi Û˘ÓÂÚÁÂ›Ô ÛÙÂϯˆÌ¤ÓÔ Ì ÂÓÓ¤· ˘·ÏÏ‹ÏÔ˘˜ Î·È ‰‡Ô ¶ÚÔ˚Ûٷ̤ÓÔ˘˜ (™˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙ‹ Î·È ∞Ó·ÏËÚˆÙ‹). ñ ™ÙÔ ¡ÔÌfi ªÂÛÛËÓ›·˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ¤Ó· ÂȉÈÎfi Û˘ÓÂÚÁÂ›Ô ÛÙÂϯˆÌ¤ÓÔ Ì ÂÓÓ¤· ˘·ÏÏ‹ÏÔ˘˜ Î·È ‰‡Ô ¶ÚÔ˚Ûٷ̤ÓÔ˘˜ (™˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙ‹ Î·È ∞Ó·ÏËÚˆÙ‹).
(∞Ó·‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘ÛË ·fi ÙÔ ¢ÂÏÙ›Ô ∂·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ∂ÈÌÂÏËÙËÚ›Ô˘ ¶ÂÈÚ·ÈÒ˜)
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ŸÏÁ· °. °ÂÚÈÙÛ›‰Ô˘ EÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋ æ˘¯ÔÏfiÁÔ˜ B.A., M.A., ·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ McGill K·Ó·‰¿, EÈÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈÎÔ‡ ÙÌ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ MindPower Publishing, EÈÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ K¤ÓÙÚÔ˘ EÏ¢ı¤ÚˆÓ ™Ô˘‰ÒÓ e-mail:[email protected] site: www.mindpower.gr “™Â ·ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ ·fi ÙȘ Ù¿ÍÂȘ Ô˘ ‰È‰¿ÛΈ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ·È‰È¿ ‰˘ÛÏÂÎÙÈο Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ·ÓÙ·ÔÎÚ›ÓÔÓÙ·È ÛÙȘ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂȤ˜ ÌÔ˘. TÈ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ Ô˘ ÌÔÚÒ Ó· οӈ Ì ·˘Ù¿ Ù· ·È‰È¿;” K·ıËÁ‹ÙÚÈ· AÁÁÏÈÎÒÓ, §¿ÚÈÛ· (Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ æ˘¯ÔÁÚ·Ê‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ IÔ˘Ó›Ô˘) TÔ „˘¯ÔÁÚ¿ÊËÌ· ·˘Ùfi, Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÙˆÓ ÙÚÈÒÓ ÚÔËÁËı¤ÓÙˆÓ, ÔÏÔÎÏËÚÒÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋ ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÙËÓ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ ÛÙ·ıÂÚÒÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ ·Ú·ÁfiÓÙˆÓ ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ ·ÎÚÈ‚Ò˜ ÂÂȉ‹ ÂÓ·fiÎÂÈÓÙ·È ÛÙÔÓ Ï‹ÚË ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜, ȉڇ̷ÙÔ˜ Î·È ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ÂÁÁ˘Ô‡ÓÙ·È fi¯È ÌfiÓÔ ÙËÓ Â·ÓÔÚıˆÙÈ΋ ·Ú¤Ì‚·ÛË ·ÏÏ¿ ›Û˘ ÂÍ·ÛÊ·Ï›˙Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ÚfiÏË„Ë, ÙÔÓ ÂÚÈÔÚÈÛÌfi Î·È ÙËÓ ··ÏÔÈÊ‹ ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÛÈ·ÎÒÓ ‰˘ÛÎÔÏÈÒÓ Ô˘ ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÔÓÙ·È Î·È ·Ú·ÙËÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ Âη›‰Â˘ÛË. §·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·˜ ¿ÓÙ· ˘’ fi„Ë ÙÔ˘˜ ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ˜ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‹‰Ë ÂÈÛËÌ·Óı› fiÙÈ ÂËÚ¿˙Ô˘Ó ¤Ó· ÈηÓfi ÔÛÔÛÙfi Ù˘ ¤Î‚·Û˘ Ù˘ Ì·ıËÛȷ΋˜ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·˜, ÂÛÙÈ¿˙Ô˘Ì ÙËÓ ÚÔÛÔ¯‹ Ì·˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfiÙÂÚÔ˘˜ ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ˜ ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ Â›Ó·È ‹ ı· ¤Ú ӷ Â›Ó·È ÛÙËÓ Â˘¯¤ÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ·˝ÔÓÙ· ηıËÁËÙ‹ Î·È ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ‰‡Ó·ÌË Ó· ÌÂÁÈÛÙÔÔÈ‹ÛÔ˘Ó, Ó· ‰È¢ÎÔχÓÔ˘Ó, Ó· ‰˘Û¯ÂÚ¿ÓÔ˘Ó, Ó· ÂÏ·¯ÈÛÙÔÔÈ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ‹ ·ÎfiÌË Î·È Ó· ·Î˘ÚÒÛÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ fiÏË Ì·ıËÛȷ΋ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·: ÙÔÓ ÛÙfi¯Ô, ÙËÓ Ì¤ıÔ‰Ô, ÙËÓ ‡ÏË, Ù· ‚È‚Ï›·, ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ·. O ÛÙfi¯Ô˜: E›Ó·È ηıÔÚÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ÛËÌ·Û›·˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ‰È‰¿ÛÎÔÓÙ· Ó· ¤¯ÂÈ ÂÓÙÂÏÒ˜ ·ÔÛ·ÊËÓÈṲ̂ÓÔ ÙÔÓ ÙÂÏÈÎfi ÛÙfi¯Ô Ù˘ fiÏ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·˜ Ô˘ ÂÈ˙ËÙÂ›Ù·È ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÂοÛÙÔÙ ̷ıËÙ‹ ÙÔ˘, [‰ËÏ·‰‹ ÙÔ ÂȉȈÎfiÌÂÓÔ Â›‰Ô˜ (ÔÈfiÙËÙ·, ÔÏ˘ÌÔÚÊÈÎfiÙËÙ·, ‰È·¯ÚÔÓÈÎfiÙËÙ·) Ù˘ ÂÎÌ¿ıËÛ˘ Ù˘ ÁÏÒÛÛ·˜, ÙÔ Â›Â‰Ô Î·È ÙÔÓ ‚·ıÌfi Ù˘ ÂÈ˙ËÙÔ˘Ì¤Ó˘ Â΂¿ı˘ÓÛ˘ ·˘Ù‹˜ Ù˘ ÂÎÌ¿ıËÛ˘, ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÁηÈfiÙËÙ· / ÚÔÙÂÚ·ÈfiÙËÙ· ·fiÎÙËÛ˘ Ù˘ÈÎÒÓ ‰È·ÈÛÙ¢ÙËÚ›ˆÓ, ÙËÓ ÂÌ‚¤ÏÂÈ· Ù˘ ·ÍÈÔÔÈ‹Ûˆ˜ Ù˘, Î.Ô.Î.], ÒÛÙ ӷ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ηıÔÚ›ÛÂÈ Î·È Ó· ÔÚÁ·ÓÒÛÂÈ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈο ÛÙ·‰È·ÎÔ‡˜ ÛÙfi¯Ô˘˜ Î·È Ó· ÂÈϤÍÂÈ ÙËÓ Ï¤ÔÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈ΋ Î·È “ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋” ̤ıÔ‰Ô Ô˘ ı· ÙÔÓ Ô‰ËÁ‹ÛÂÈ ÛÙËÓ Â›Ù¢ÍË ·˘ÙÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ÁÂÓÈÎÔ‡ ÙÂÏÈÎÔ‡ ÛÙfi¯Ô˘. H ̤ıÔ‰Ô˜: ¶·Ú’ fiÏÔ Ô˘ Ë „˘¯ÔÏÔÁ›· Ù˘ Ì¿ıËÛ˘ ·Ú·ı¤ÙÂÈ Ù· Ï·›ÛÈ·, ÙȘ ÚÔ¸Ôı¤ÛÂȘ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ fiÚÔ˘˜ Ô˘ ··ÈÙ› Ë ÂÈÙ˘¯Ë̤ÓË ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ ÂοÛÙ˘ ÙˆÓ ÌÂıfi‰ˆÓ Ô˘ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÛÙÔ‡Ó
æ˘¯Ô...ÁÚ¿ÊËÌ· ™Â οı Ù‡¯Ô˜ Ë ¤ÁÎÚÈÙË „˘¯ÔÏfiÁÔ˜ ŸÏÁ· °ÂÚÈÙÛ›‰Ô˘ ı· ··ÓÙ¿ ÛÙ· ÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù· Î·È Ù· e-mails Û·˜ Î·È ı· ‰›ÓÂÈ ··ÓÙ‹ÛÂȘ ÛÙ· ı¤Ì·Ù· Ô˘ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›˙ÂÙ ηıËÌÂÚÈÓ¿ ÛÙËÓ Ù¿ÍË.
Û ̛· Ì·ıËÛȷ΋ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·, Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Á›ÓÂÈ ÂȉÈ΋ ÂÈÛ‹Ì·ÓÛË ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÛÙ·ÛË Ô˘ ÂÈÎÚ·Ù› ˆ˜ › ÙÔ Ï›ÛÙÔÓ ÛÙÔ ÙÔ›Ô Ù˘ ÍÂÓfiÁψÛÛ˘ Âη›‰Â˘Û˘ ÛÙËÓ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓË ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·. EÓ¿ÓÙÈ· ÛÙËÓ ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋ ÙÔÔı¤ÙËÛË fiÙÈ Ë ÂӉ‰ÂÈÁ̤ÓË ‰È‰·ÎÙÈ΋ ̤ıÔ‰Ô˜ ÔÈΛÏÂÈ ·Ó·ÏfiÁˆ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂοÛÙÔÙ ÂÈ˙ËÙÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ˘ ÙÂÏÈÎÔ‡ ÛÙfi¯Ô˘, ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÚÈÔÚÈÛÌÔ‡˜ Ô˘ ı¤ÙÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙȘ ˘fiÏÔȘ ·Ú·Ì¤ÙÚÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ ηٿÛÙ·Û˘ (.¯. ¯ÚÔÓÈο ÂÚÈıÒÚÈ·, ̤ÁÂıÔ˜ Î·È Û‡ÛÙ·ÛË ÙÌ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜, Î.Ï.), Î·È ÙȘ ÌÂÙ·‚ÏËÙ¤˜ Ô˘ ÂÈÛ¿ÁÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ ›‰ÈÔ ÙÔÓ Ì·ıËÙ‹, ·Ú·ÙËÚÂ›Ù·È Û ÂıÓÈÎfi Â›Â‰Ô Ì›· ÂȂ‚ÏË̤ÓË Î·ıȤڈÛË Û˘Áί˘Ì¤ÓˆÓ ‰È‰·ÎÙÈÎÒÓ Î·Ù·ÛÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È ˆ˜ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ¤˜ ÙÔ˘ “ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ·ÎÔ‡” ÌÔÓÙ¤ÏÔ˘, ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ fï˜ ηıÒ˜ ‰ÂÓ ÙËÚÔ‡Ó Î·ÌÌ›· ·fi ÙȘ ÚԉȷÁڷʤ˜, ÙȘ ÚÔ¸Ôı¤ÛÂȘ Î·È ÙȘ ··ÈÙ‹ÛÂȘ ÂÈÙ˘¯Ô‡˜ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹˜ ·˘ÙÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ÌÔÓÙ¤ÏÔ˘ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Ù· ÂÈı˘ÌËÙ¿ ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Ô˘ ıˆÚËÙÈο ÂÁÁ˘¿Ù·È Ë Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓË Ì¤ıÔ‰Ô˜. TÔ ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ ·˘Ùfi Â›Ó·È ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈο ÙÂÎÌËÚȈ̤ÓÔ ·fi ÙȘ ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈΤ˜ ÂÎÙÈÌ‹ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ÂȤ‰Ô˘ ÁψÛÛÔÌ¿ıÂÈ·˜ ÙˆÓ ¯ˆÚÒÓ Ù˘ E˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ŒÓˆÛ˘ (·fi ÙËÓ ›‰È· ÙËÓ
E.E.) Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ÔÔ›Ô˘˜ Ë EÏÏ¿‰· ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÚˆÙÔfiÚÔ˘˜ Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó ηٿ ÙȘ ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚ˜ ‰ÂηÂٛ˜ ηٷٿÛÛÂÙ·È Ï¤ÔÓ ÌÂ
ÙÔ˘˜ Ô˘Ú·ÁÔ‡˜ ÙˆÓ 25. A˘Ùfi ·ÔÙÂÏ› Î·È Ì›· ›ÛËÌË ·fi‰ÂÈÍË fiÙÈ Ë ¿ÁÈ· ηıÔÏÈ΋ Ù·ÎÙÈ΋ Ô˘ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÂ›Ù·È Â› ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÓfiÏÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘Ô̤ÓÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ·ÁÁÏÈ΋ ÁÏÒÛÛ· ÂÏÏËÓÈÎÔ‡ ÏËı˘ÛÌÔ‡ ‰ÂÓ ·Ô‰›‰ÂÈ ÙȘ ÂÂÓ‰‡ÛÂȘ (ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈΤ˜, ÂÓÂÚÁÂȷΤ˜, ÁÓˆÛÙÈΤ˜, Û˘Ó·ÈÛıËÌ·ÙÈΤ˜, ·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈΤ˜) Ô˘ Á›ÓÔÓÙ·È Ì ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ˜ ·ÍÈÔÚ›˜ Ì·ıËÛȷΤ˜ ·Ô‰fiÛÂȘ. H ‡ÏË: E›Ó·È ÏÔÁÈ΋ Û˘Ó·Áˆ-
Á‹ ÙˆÓ ÚÔËÁÔ˘Ì¤ÓˆÓ fiÙÈ Ô ÛÙfi¯Ô˜ Î·È Ë Ì¤ıÔ‰Ô˜ Ô˘ ·Â˘ı‡ÓÂÙ·È Î·È Â͢ËÚÂÙ› ÙȘ ··ÈÙ‹ÛÂȘ Î·È ·Ó¿ÁΘ ÂοÛÙÔ˘ Ì·ıËÙÈÎÔ‡ ÏËı˘ÛÌÔ‡, ÔÚÈÔıÂÙÔ‡Ó, ηıÔÚ›˙Ô˘Ó Î·È ··ÈÙÔ‡Ó: – ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfi ÙÚfiÔ ÂÈÏÔÁ‹˜ ‡„Ô˘˜, ‚¿ıÔ˘˜ Î·È ¤ÎÙ·Û˘ Ù˘ ÚÔ˜ ÂÎÌ¿ıËÛË ‡Ï˘, – ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈ΋ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÛË Î·È ·ÚÔ˘Û›·ÛË Ù˘, – ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈ΋ ÂÂÍÂÚÁ·Û›·, Â̤‰ˆÛË Î·È ·ÊÔÌÔ›ˆÛË Ù˘ , Î·È ˆ˜ ÂÎ ÙÔ‡ÙÔ˘ ÂËÚ¿˙Ô˘Ó Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈο Ù· ‚È‚Ï›· Î·È ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ·. ∆· ‚È‚Ï›·: H ÏÔÁÈ΋ ‡·Ú͢ ÂÓfi˜ ‰È‰·ÎÙÈÎÔ‡ ‚È‚Ï›Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Ó· ‰È¢ÎÔχÓÂÈ ÙËÓ Ì·ıËÛȷ΋ ‰È·‰Èηۛ· ·) ÂÈÎÔ˘ÚÒÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ÂÚÁ·Û›· ÙÔ˘ ηıËÁËÙ‹ ·ÓÙ·ÔÎÚÈÓfiÌÂÓÔ Î·È ÂÓÙ·ÛÛfiÌÂÓÔ ÛÙȘ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤Ó˜ ·Ó¿ÁΘ Ô˘ ÂΛÓÔ˜ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›˙ÂÈ ˆ˜ ¤Ó· ¯Ú‹ÛÈÌÔ Î·È ·ÎÚÈ‚¤˜ ÂÚÁ·Ï›Ô. ¢ËÏ·‰‹ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ‚È‚Ï›Ô Ô˘ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› Î·È Ó· ˘·ÎÔ‡ÂÈ ÙÔÓ ‰È‰¿ÛÎÔÓÙ·, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ¤¯ÂÈ ÙËÓ ÁÓÒÛË, ÙËÓ Â›Ú·, ÙËÓ ÎÚÈÙÈ΋ ÛΤ„Ë Î·È ÙËÓ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ Î·È ÂÎÙ›ÌËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ··ÈÙ‹ÛÂˆÓ Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ì›· Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓË ‰È‰·ÎÙÈ΋ ηٿÛÙ·ÛË, Î·È fi¯È Ô ‰È‰¿ÛÎˆÓ Ô˘ ˘Ô¯ÚÂÔ‡Ù·È Ó· ¢ı˘ÁÚ·ÌÌ›˙ÂÙ·È Î·È Ó· ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÙÔ ‚È‚Ï›Ô fiˆ˜ ÂÈ‚¿ÏÏÂÙ·È Ó· Á›ÓÂÙ·È.
∞˘ÛÙËÚfiÙÂÚÔÈ fiÚÔÈ ÁÈ· ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ÂÓËÌÂÚfiÙËÙ·˜ ∞˘ÛÙËÚfiÙÂÚ˜ ÚÔ¸Ôı¤ÛÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙË ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ÈÛÙÔÔÈËÙÈÎÒÓ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ÂÓËÌÂÚfiÙËÙ·˜ ıÂÛ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Ì ·fiÊ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ˘Ê˘Ô˘ÚÁÔ‡ OÈÎÔÓÔÌ›·˜ Î·È OÈÎÔÓÔÌÈÎÒÓ ∞ÓÙ. ª¤˙·, ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ ÂÚÈÔÚÈÛÌÔ‡ Ù˘ ÊÔÚÔ‰È·Ê˘Á‹˜, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Ê·ÈÓÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ Î·Ù·ÛÙÚ·Ù‹ÁËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ Â˘ÓÔ˚ÎÒÓ ‰È·Ù¿ÍˆÓ, Ì ÙȘ Ôԛ˜ ‰ÈÓfiÙ·Ó Ë ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· Û ˘fi¯ÚÂÔ˘˜, ηٷ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙ·˜ Ì›· ‹ ‰‡Ô ‰fiÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ÔÊÂÈÏÒÓ ÙÔ˘˜ Ó· Ï¿‚Ô˘Ó ÂÓËÌÂÚfiÙËÙ·. ™˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ, Ë ÂÓ ÏfiÁˆ ·fiÊ·ÛË Ô˘ ÈÛ¯‡ÂÈ ·fi ÙËÓ 1Ë ª·˝Ô˘ ÚԂϤÂÈ, ÌÂٷ͇ ¿ÏψÓ, fiÙÈ ÔÈ ¢OY ‰ÂÓ ı· ¯ÔÚËÁÔ‡Ó Ù· ·ÓˆÙ¤Úˆ ÈÛÙÔÔÈËÙÈο Û fiÛÔ˘˜ ‰ÂÓ ˘Ô‚¿ÏÔ˘Ó Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ÙÚ¤¯Ô˘Û· ¯Ú‹ÛË ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈΤ˜ ‰ËÏÒÛÂȘ º¶∞ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Û fiÛÔ˘˜ ·Ì¤ÏËÛ·Ó Ó· ˘Ô‚¿ÏÔ˘Ó Î·Ù¿ ÚÔËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓ· ¤ÙË ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ‰ËÏÒÛÂȘ ÂÈÛÔ‰‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ‹ ·ÎfiÌË Î·È ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈΤ˜ ‹ ÂÎηı·ÚÈÛÙÈΤ˜ ‰ËÏÒÛÂȘ º¶∞. £· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·Ó·ÊÂÚı› fiÙÈ Ì ÙËÓ ›‰È· ·fiÊ·ÛË ·Ú¤¯ÂÙ·È Ë ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÚÔ¸Ûٷ̤ÓÔ˘˜ ÙˆÓ ¢OY Ó· ·ÚÓËıÔ‡Ó ÙË ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ÂÓËÌÂÚfiÙËÙ·˜ ÁÈ· ÌÂÙ·‚›‚·ÛË ·ÎÈÓ‹ÙˆÓ ÂÊfiÛÔÓ ÎÚ›ÓÔ˘Ó fiÙÈ ·fi ÙË ÌÂÙ·‚›‚·ÛË ·˘Ù‹ ‰ÂÓ ‰È·ÛÊ·Ï›˙ÔÓÙ·È Ù· Û˘ÌʤÚÔÓÙ· ÙÔ˘ ¢ËÌÔÛ›Ô˘, ÂÓÒ ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ· ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ˙ËÙÔ‡Ó ·fi ÙȘ ÙÚ¿Â˙˜ Ó· ηٷÎÚ·ÙÔ‡Ó ÙȘ ÔÊÂÈϤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ˆÏËÙ‹ ·ÎÈÓ‹ÙÔ˘ ηٿ ÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ Û˘Ó·Êı› ‰¿ÓÂÈÔ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·fiÎÙËÛË ·ÎÈÓ‹ÙÔ˘ ÂΠ̤ÚÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘ ·ÁÔÚ·ÛÙ‹. ∞Í›˙ÂÈ Â›Û˘ Ó· ÛËÌÂȈı› fiÙÈ ·Ô‰ÂÈÎÙÈÎfi ÊÔÚÔÏÔ-
ÁÈ΋˜ ÂÓËÌÂÚfiÙËÙ·˜ ˘Ô¯ÚÂÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ ÂÓ·ÚÌfiÓÈÛ˘ Ù˘ ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋˜ Ì ÙËÓ ÎÔÈÓÔÙÈ΋ ÓÔÌÔıÂÛ›· Ó· ¤¯Ô˘Ó Î·È fiÛÔÈ Û˘ÌÌÂÙ¤¯Ô˘Ó Û ¤ÚÁ· ‹ ÚÔÌ‹ıÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ¢ËÌÔÛ›Ô˘ Î·È ÙˆÓ OTA.
∆È ÚԂϤÂÈ Ë ·fiÊ·ÛË ∏ ·fiÊ·ÛË Ô˘ ÈÛ¯‡ÂÈ ·fi ÙËÓ 1Ë ª·˝Ô˘ ÚԂϤÂÈ ÌÂٷ͇ ¿ÏÏˆÓ fiÙÈ: OÈ ¢OY ‰ÂÓ ı· ¯ÔÚËÁÔ‡Ó ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÂÓËÌÂÚfiÙËÙ·: ñ ™Â fiÛÔ˘˜ ‰ÂÓ ˘Ô‚¿ÏÔ˘Ó Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ÙÚ¤¯Ô˘Û· ¯Ú‹ÛË ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈΤ˜ ‰ËÏÒÛÂȘ º¶∞. ñ ™Â fiÛÔ˘˜ ·Ì¤ÏËÛ·Ó Ó· ˘Ô‚¿ÏÔ˘Ó Î·Ù¿ ÚÔËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓ· ¤ÙË ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ‰ËÏÒÛÂȘ ÂÈÛÔ‰‹Ì·ÙÔ˜. ñ ™Â fiÛÔ˘˜ ‰ÂÓ ˘¤‚·Ï·Ó ηٿ ÚÔËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓ· ¤ÙË ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈΤ˜ ‹ ÂÎηı·ÚÈÛÙÈΤ˜ ‰ËÏÒÛÂȘ º¶∞. ™ÙÔ˘˜ ÚÔ˚Ûٷ̤ÓÔ˘˜ ÙˆÓ ¢OY ·Ú¤¯ÂÙ·È Ë ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ·: ñ ¡· ·ÚÓËıÔ‡Ó ÙË ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ÂÓËÌÂÚfiÙËÙ·˜ ÁÈ· ÌÂÙ·‚›‚·ÛË ·ÎÈÓ‹ÙˆÓ ÂÊfiÛÔÓ ÎÚ›ÓÔ˘Ó fiÙÈ ·fi ÙË ÌÂÙ·‚›‚·ÛË ·˘Ù‹ ‰ÂÓ ‰È·ÛÊ·Ï›˙ÔÓÙ·È Ù· Û˘ÌʤÚÔÓÙ· ÙÔ˘ ¢ËÌÔÛ›Ô˘. ñ ¡· ˙ËÙÔ‡Ó ·fi ÙȘ ÙÚ¿Â˙˜ Ó· ηٷÎÚ·ÙÔ‡Ó ÙȘ ÔÊÂÈϤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ˆÏËÙ‹ ·ÎÈÓ‹ÙÔ˘ ηٿ ÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ Û˘Ó·Êı› ‰¿ÓÂÈÔ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·fiÎÙËÛË ·ÎÈÓ‹ÙÔ˘ ÂΠ̤ÚÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘ ·ÁÔÚ·ÛÙ‹.
E‰Ò Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Á›ÓÂÈ Ë ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋ ÂÈÛ‹Ì·ÓÛË fiÙÈ ·Ú’ fiÏÔ ÙÔÓ Ê·ÈÓÔÌÂÓÈÎfi ÏÔ˘Ú·ÏÈÛÌfi ‰È‰·ÎÙÈÎÒÓ ‚È‚Ï›ˆÓ ÛÙÔÓ ¯ÒÚÔ Ù˘ ÍÂÓfiÁψÛÛ˘ Âη›‰Â˘Û˘, Ë ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈ΋ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ˘Ô‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÂÈ fiÙÈ Ì ÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈ· ÁÓˆÛÙÈ΋˜ ·Ó¿Ï˘Û˘ Î·È ·Ó¿Ï˘Û˘ ÂÚȯÔ̤ÓÔ˘ Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈο ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È Ë ›‰È· (fast food) Û˘ÓÙ·Á‹ ÛÂÚ‚ÈÚÈṲ̂ÓË ·fi ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈο (outlets), Ù· ÔÔ›· ‰ÂÓ Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÔ˘Ó Î·ıfiÏÔ˘ ˘’ fi„Ë ÙËÓ È‰È·ÈÙÂÚfiÙËÙ·, ÙȘ ·Ó¿ÁΘ Î·È ÙȘ ··ÈÙ‹ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ÏËı˘ÛÌÔ‡ ÛÙÔÓ ÔÔ›ÔÓ ·Â˘ı‡ÓÔÓÙ·È Ô‡Ù Û ÁÓˆÛÙÈÎfi, Ô‡Ù Û ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎfi, Î·È Û·Ê¤Ûٷٷ Î·È ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfiÙÂÚ· Ô‡Ù Û ·ÍÈÔÚ¤˜ ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎfi ›‰Ô. ‚) ˘ÔÛÙËÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ Ì·ıËÛȷ΋ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ Ì·ıËÙ‹ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈο Î·È ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈο ÂÓÙ·ÛÛfiÌÂÓÔ ÛÙȘ ·Ó¿ÁΘ ÙÔ˘ Î·È Â͢ËÚÂÙÒÓÙ·˜ Ù· ·ÙÔÌÈο ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÌʤÚÔÓÙ· Î·È Ì·ıËÛȷΤ˜ ··ÈÙ‹ÛÂȘ. E›Ó·È fï˜ ÎÔÈÓ‹ ‰È·›ÛÙˆÛË ÙfiÛÔ ÙÔ˘ ¤ÌÂÈÚÔ˘ Î·È ÂÈÏÈÎÚÈÓÔ‡˜ ηıËÁËÙ‹ fiÛÔ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÛÔ‚·ÚÒÓ ÂÈÛÙËÌfiÓˆÓ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÁÓÒÛË Î·È Â›ÁÓˆÛË Ù˘ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ Ô˘ ÂÈÎÚ·Ù› ÛÙËÓ Âη›‰Â˘ÛË, fiÙÈ ÙÔ Î·Ù·ÈÁÈÛÙÈÎfi ÔÛÔÛÙfi ÙˆÓ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ˘Ì¤ÓˆÓ ‚È‚Ï›ˆÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÙÔÓ ‚·ÛÈÎfiÙÂÚÔ ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ· ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜ Ì·ıËÛÈ·ÎÒÓ ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ¿ÙˆÓ Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ Ì·ıËÛȷ΋˜ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·˜ ηıÒ˜ ÂÈ‚¿ÏÏÔ˘Ó Ì›· Ì˯·ÓÈÛÙÈ΋, Ù¯ÓËÙ‹, ·Û‡Ì‚·ÙË Î·È ·Ó¤ÊÈÎÙË Ì ÙËÓ Â˘Ú‡ÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ ÁÓˆÛÙÈÎÒÓ ‰È·‰ÈηÛÈÒÓ ÚÔÛÔÌÔ›ˆÛË Ì·ıËÛÈ·ÎÒÓ ‰È·‰ÈηÛÈÒÓ Î·È ÛÙfi¯ˆÓ. M·˙› ‰Â Ì’ ¤Ó· ¿Î·ÌÙÔ Î·È ·ÓÔÌÔÈfiÙ˘Ô ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ·, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô Î·ıÔÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ÙfiÛÔ ·fi Ù· ›‰È· Ù· ‚È‚Ï›· Ì ÙȘ ··ÈÙ‹ÛÂȘ Ù˘ ¿Ù·ÎÙ˘ Î·È ¿Ó·Ú¯Ë˜ Û˘Ì‡ÎÓˆÛ˘ Ù˘ ‡Ï˘ Ô˘ ı¤ÙÔ˘Ó Ë ÔÔ›· Â›Ó·È ·Û‡Ì‚·ÙË Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ·Ó·Ù˘ÍÈ·ÎÔ‡˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ Ì·ıËÛÈ·ÎÔ‡˜ Ú˘ıÌÔ‡˜, ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÙÔ˘˜ ÚˆÙÂÚÁ¿Ù˜ Ù˘ ÂÈÎfiÓ·˜ Ù˘ ÁÓˆÛÙÈ΋˜ ‰˘ÛÚ·Á›·˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÛÈ·ÎÒÓ ‰˘ÛÎÔÏÈÒÓ Ô˘ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓË ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋ ÂÈÎfiÓ· Î·È Ê¤ÚÓÔ˘Ó Û ··Í›ˆÛË ÙÔ˘˜ ηıËÁËÙ¤˜, Û ·fiÁÓˆÛË ÙÔ˘˜ ÁÔÓ›˜ Î·È ÌˉÂÓ›˙Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ·˘ÙÔÂÎÙ›ÌËÛË, ·˘ÙÔÂÔ›ıËÛË Î·È Î›ÓËÙÚÔ Â›Ù¢Í˘ ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ. °›ÓÂÙ·È Û˘ÓÂÒ˜ ÂÌÊ·Ó‹˜ Ë ·Ú¤Ì‚·ÛË Ô˘ ‰‡Ó·Ù·È Î·È ··ÈÙÂ›Ù·È Ó· οÓÂÈ Ô ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi˜ ÒÛÙ ӷ ‰ÈÔÚıÒÛÂÈ Ù· Ï¿ıË Ù˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛ˘ Î·È Ù·ÎÙÈ΋˜ Ô˘ Û ¤Ó· ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ÔÛÔÛÙfi ¢ı‡ÓÔÓÙ·È Î·È ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Ó ÙȘ Ì·ıËÛȷΤ˜ ‰˘ÛÎÔϛ˜ Ô˘ ‰˘Û¯ÂÚ·›ÓÔ˘Ó ÙÔ ¤ÚÁÔ ÙÔ˘.
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Talk to the avatar Could interaction in online virtual worlds take distance learning to its next dimension?
EUROPEAN LANGUAGE LABEL
E˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ™‹Ì· °ÏˆÛÛÒÓ – 2007
Gavin Dudeney and Nicky Hockly, Guardian Weekly arvard University are running classes there, and so are Trinity College Dublin. Suzanne Vega performs there, and Kurt Vonnegut talks about his writings "in-world". You can take a class in creative writing or become a video director, all from the comfort of your own home.
(blogs.law.harvard.edu/cyberone/). There are also a growing number of discussion forums dedicated to exploring the potential for education in SL. According to those developing education resources for SL it is the "virtual eye contact" that users experience that sets it apart from other online learning platforms.
The place is Second Life (SL), a three-dimensional online synchronous environment, otherwise known as a Multi-User Virtual Environment, or Muve. Think of a video game, where you can take on a three-dimensional character (or avatar) and visit an entire "world", populated by real people who are accessing SL from their own computers. Founded in 2003 by Philip Rosedale, a pioneering web developer with the Californiabased company Real Networks, SL is a virtual world that currently has more than 800,000 members, each with their own avatar, a "cartoon" representation of their real self. The SL world has parks, shops, schools, museums, islands and beaches all designed and maintained by the residents. It is also supported by an economy fuelled by "Linden dollars" - if you want to look good in SL, then you'll need to buy virtual clothes, designed by one of your fellow residents. You can buy virtual land, build a house (or have an SL architect design one for you) and fill it up with virtual furniture. It is this versatility that is prompting people to move from more traditional networked communication tools, such as Microsoft Messenger, to a place where they can invite their friends round. And this new means of communicating is attracting the attention of educators and language teachers. One of the first education presences on SL is a course in "cyber law" taught under the auspices of Harvard Law School
Much online teaching is currently done via Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) - one of the most popular being Moodle. But while VLEs are excellent at delivering materials and combining practical tools, they tend to produce rather dry social communication. For this reason educators are starting to look beyond VLEs to something that emulates the real world in a more recognisable form. One such project - Sloodle - aims to combine the content delivery, structured learning and student tracking of a VLE, with the welcoming social space of a Muve. The most significant difference between a Muve and other distance training platforms is the opportunity it gives to incorporate non-verbal forms of communication. SL classes that we have observed appear more "real" and warm. One has more of a sense of the person behind the text or voice - enhanced by the clothing they have chosen and how they behave. This may prove to have the most impact in language training and teaching. Behaviour takes on a new significance in SL. In an English class led by "Intellagirl Tully", which meets once a week in real life and once in SL, students incorporate "physical" activities during group sessions, such as building structures. Meanwhile tools that facilitate teaching are beginning to appear. One educator in SL, "Angrybeth Shortbread", has designed a "HandUp Chair" which, when sat on, raises your avatar arm to
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attract attention. This, and many other SL educational tools, can be explored at MetaLab. SL is particularly adept at handling media, supporting a variety of audio and video sources. One can listen to podcasts, or watch videos such as those provided by the EducationGuardian.co.uk and Teachers TV. This can be done as a group in class so allowing for follow-up discussion. Groups can also get together to watch Powerpoint presentations, with audio commentary by the presenter. Users can communicate among each other using public text chat (which everyone can read), private instant messaging, or even voice chat. All these tools offer a rich environment for language education. It is still too early to draw any final conclusions about the educational possibilities of virtual environments. However, the anecdotal evidence from the classes we have observed in SL suggests that both learners and teachers find it a less intimidating way of working than other distance tools. This is certainly the view of one of the participants in Intellagirl Tully's class blog. "I feel like we are breaking new barriers for what education can be. . . I think it's a great way for people who are shy to communicate in class. With having the distance between you and the other people its easier to talk to complete strangers and not worry what they will think about you." And that may just be the starting point for language education. Time to get a Muve on. ñ Gavin Dudeney and Nicky Hockly are co-directors of The Consultants-E (www.theconsultants-e.com) and are developing a Second Life educational island EduNation. EducationGuardian.co.uk © Guardian News and Media Limited 2007 Second Life http://www.secondlife.com/ Sloodle http://www.sloodle.com/ Intellagirl Tully http://eng104sl.intellagirl.com/ http://education.guardian.co.uk/
E˘Úˆ·˚Îfi˜ ¢È·ÁˆÓÈÛÌfi˜ °ÏˆÛÛÒÓ ‰ÈÂÍ¿ÁÂÙ·È Î¿ı ¯ÚfiÓÔ ÛÙȘ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ Â˘Úˆ·˚Τ˜ ¯ÒÚ˜ Î·È ÛÙԯ‡ÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ÂÈÏÔÁ‹ ηÈÓÔÙfiÌˆÓ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ¿ÙˆÓ ‰È‰·Ûηϛ·˜ Î·È ÂÎÌ¿ıËÛ˘ Í¤ÓˆÓ ÁψÛÛÒÓ Î·È ÙË ‚Ú¿‚Â˘Û‹ ÙÔ˘˜ Ì ÙÔ E˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ™‹Ì· °ÏˆÛÛÒÓ (European Language Label). ™ÙËÓ EÏÏ¿‰·, Ô OÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌfi˜ E·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ Eη›‰Â˘Û˘ Î·È K·Ù¿ÚÙÈÛ˘ (O.E.E.K.) Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙËÓ ˘Ô˘ÚÁÈ΋ ·fiÊ·ÛË 37927/IA/04-04-2007, ¤¯ÂÈ ÔÚÈÛÙ› Ó· ˘ÏÔÔÈ‹ÛÂÈ ÙËÓ E˘Úˆ·˚΋ ‰Ú¿ÛË “European Language Label” ÁÈ· ÙÔ ¤ÙÔ˜ 2007, ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ¢È· B›Ô˘ M¿ıËÛ˘ ÁÈ· ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ˘Â‡ı˘ÓÔ˜ ÊÔÚ¤·˜ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÿ‰Ú˘Ì· KÚ·ÙÈÎÒÓ YÔÙÚÔÊÈÒÓ (IKY). °È· ÙËÓ ÂÈÙ˘¯¤ÛÙÂÚË ˘ÏÔÔ›ËÛË Î·È ÚÔÒıËÛË Ù˘ ‰Ú¿Û˘ ·˘Ù‹˜, Ô O.E.E.K. ÚÔ‚·›ÓÂÈ Û ·ÓÔȯً ÚfiÛÎÏËÛË ÂΉ‹ÏˆÛ˘ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙÔ˜ ·ÓÂÏÏ·‰È΋˜ ÂÌ‚¤ÏÂÈ·˜, ÚÔÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ Ó· ˘Ô‚ÏËıÔ‡Ó ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù· Ô˘ ÂÊ·ÚÌfi˙Ô˘Ó Î·ÈÓÔÙfiÌÔ˘˜ ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘˜ ‰È‰·Ûηϛ·˜ Î·È ÂÎÌ¿ıËÛ˘ Í¤ÓˆÓ ÁψÛÛÒÓ. OÈ ˘Ô‚ÏËı›Û˜ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ ı· ·ÍÈÔÏÔÁËıÔ‡Ó ·fi EÈÙÚÔ‹ AÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ Î·È fiÛ˜ ÏËÚÔ‡Ó ÙȘ ÚÔ¸Ôı¤ÛÂȘ ı· ‚Ú·‚¢ıÔ‡Ó Ì ÙÔ ÂȉÈÎfi ‰›ÏˆÌ· “European Language Label”. TÔ ÂȉÈÎfi ‰›ÏˆÌ· ı· ʤÚÂÈ ÙËÓ ˘ÔÁÚ·Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ·ÚÌfi‰ÈÔ˘ EÈÙÚfiÔ˘ Ù˘ E˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ŒÓˆÛ˘ Î·È Ù˘ YÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡ EıÓÈ΋˜ ¶·È‰Â›·˜ Î·È £ÚËÛÎÂ˘Ì¿ÙˆÓ. H ‚Ú¿‚¢ÛË ı· Á›ÓÂÈ Û EȉÈ΋ TÂÏÂÙ‹-EΉ‹ÏˆÛË, ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÙˆÓ M¤ÛˆÓ M·˙È΋˜ EÓË̤ڈÛ˘. T· ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈο ȉڇ̷ٷ Î·È ÌÂÌÔӈ̤ӷ ¿ÙÔÌ·, ÛÙ· ÔÔ›· ı· ·ÔÓÂÌËı› ÙÔ «E˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ™‹Ì· °ÏˆÛÛÒÓ» ı· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÙÔ ‰Èη›ˆÌ· Ó· ¯ÚËÛÈ-
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¢IMHNIAIA EºHMEPI¢A °IA TON K§A¢O TH™ •ENO°§ø™™H™ EK¶AI¢EY™H™ ñ I‰ÈÔÎÙËÛ›·: °. ¶·¯¿Î˘ - Œ„ÈÏÔÓ °Ú·ÊÈΤ˜ T¤¯Ó˜ ñ EΉfiÙ˘: °. ¶·¯¿Î˘ ñ ¢È¢ı˘ÓÙ‹˜: °. ¶·¯¿Î˘ ñ AÙÂÏȤ: MEMºI™ AE, ™ˆÎÚ¿ÙÔ˘˜ 23, Aı‹Ó·, TËÏ.: 210-5240728 ñ EÎÙ‡ˆÛË: MÔ˘ÎÔ˘‚¿Ï·˜ AE ∂ÈÙÚ¤ÂÙ·È Ë ÌÂÚÈ΋ ‹ ÔÏÈ΋ ·Ó·‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘ÛË ‹ ÁÈ· ÔÔÈÔÓ‰‹ÔÙ ÏfiÁÔ ¯Ú‹ÛË Ì¤ÚÔ˘˜ ‹ fiÏ˘ Ù˘ ‡Ï˘ Ù˘ ÂÊËÌÂÚ›‰·˜ Ì ··Ú·›ÙËÙË ÚÔ¸fiıÂÛË ÙËÓ ¤ÁÁÚ·ÊË ¿‰ÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ÂΉfiÙË.
ÌÔÔÈÔ‡Ó ÙÔ ÏÔÁfiÙ˘Ô ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ “European Language Label” Û fiϘ ÙȘ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ¤˜ ÙÔ˘˜. ™ÙÔ ÏÔÁfiÙ˘Ô ı· ·Ó·ÁÚ¿ÊÂÙ·È ˘Ô¯ÚˆÙÈο ÙÔ ¤ÙÔ˜ ·ÔÓÔÌ‹˜ Ù˘ ¢È¿ÎÚÈÛ˘. H ıÂÌ·ÙÈ΋ ÚÔÙÂÚ·ÈfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ ¢È·ÁˆÓÈÛÌÔ‡ Label ÁÈ· ÙÔ ¤ÙÔ˜ 2007 ›ӷÈ: “¢È·ÊÔÚÔÔ›ËÛË Î·È ÔÈÎÈÏ›· ÛÙȘ ÚÔÛÊÂÚfiÌÂÓ˜ ÁÏÒÛÛ˜” (Diversification of the languages on offer). EÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈο ȉڇ̷ٷ Î·È Û¯ÔÏ›· ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ·›ÍÔ˘Ó ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈο ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ÚfiÏÔ ÛÙËÓ ÚÔÒıËÛË Ù˘ ÁψÛÛÈ΋˜ ÔÈÎÈÏÔÌÔÚÊ›·˜ ‰È¢ڇÓÔÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ Ê¿ÛÌ· ÙˆÓ ‰È‰·ÛÎfiÌÂÓˆÓ ÁψÛÛÒÓ. O ¢È·ÁˆÓÈÛÌfi˜ Label 2007 ÛÙԯ‡ÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ·Ó¿‰ÂÈÍË ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ô˘ ÚÔÙ›ÓÔ˘Ó ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÈÎÔ‡˜ ÙÚfiÔ˘˜ ‰È‰·Ûηϛ·˜ ÁψÛÛÒÓ Î·È ÂȉÈο ·˘ÙÒÓ ÙˆÓ ÁψÛÛÒÓ Ô˘ ÔÌÈÏÔ‡ÓÙ·È Î·È ‰È‰¿ÛÎÔÓÙ·È ÏÈÁfiÙÂÚÔ. °È· ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ·, ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù· Ô˘ Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Ì ÙË ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· ‰ÈÎÙ‡ˆÓ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎÒÓ ÊÔÚ¤ˆÓ, ‹ ÙËÓ ·ÍÈÔÔ›ËÛË Ù˘ ÙÔÈ΋˜ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ·˜ (.¯. ·ÏÏÔ‰·ÒÓ Î·ÙԛΈÓ, ÌÂÙ·Ó·ÛÙÒÓ, ˘Â‡ı˘ÓˆÓ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÎÏ.), ‹ ÙËÓ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔ›ËÛË ·ÓÙ·ÏÏ·ÁÒÓ. E›Û˘, ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù· Ô˘ ·ÍÈÔÔÈÔ‡Ó ÌË-Ù˘Èο Î·È ¿Ù˘· ̤۷ ·ÚÔ¯‹˜ Âη›‰Â˘Û˘, fiˆ˜ ‚È‚ÏÈÔı‹Î˜, Ú·‰ÈÔʈÓÈο ‹ ÙËÏÂÔÙÈο ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù·, ÚÔÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ Ó· ¢·ÈÛıËÙÔÔÈ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÙÔ ÎÔÈÓfi Û ı¤Ì·Ù· ÁψÛÛÈ΋˜ ÔÈÎÈÏÔÌÔÚÊ›·˜. OÈ ÂӉȷÊÂÚfiÌÂÓÔÈ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ÂÓËÌÂÚÒÓÔÓÙ·È ÁÈ· ÙÔ ¢È·ÁˆÓÈÛÌfi Label 2007 ̤ۈ Ù˘ ÈÛÙÔÛÂÏ›‰·˜ Ù˘ ‰Ú¿Û˘ (http://label.oeek.gr). H ·›ÙËÛË Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹˜ ‰È·Ù›ıÂÙ·È Û ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÓÈ΋ ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÛÙÔ ‰È·‰›ÎÙ˘Ô Î·È Û ¤ÓÙ˘Ë ÌÔÚÊ‹ ·fi ÙÔ TÌ‹Ì· ÙˆÓ E˘Úˆ·˚ÎÒÓ £ÂÌ¿ÙˆÓ, ¢È‡ı˘ÓÛË E˘Úˆ·˚ÎÒÓ Î·È ¢ÈÂıÓÒÓ ™¯¤ÛÂˆÓ ÙÔ˘ O.E.E.K. ∆ËÏ. 210-2709108/09/10/11 º·Í: 210-2772208 e-mail: [email protected] // [email protected] H Ï‹ÍË ÚÔıÂÛÌ›·˜ ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹˜ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ ¤¯ÂÈ ÔÚÈÛÙ› ÁÈ· ÙȘ 10 OÎÙˆ‚Ú›Ô˘ 2007 Î·È Ë TÂÏÂÙ‹ AÔÓÔÌ‹˜-BÚ¿‚¢ÛË ÙˆÓ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ¢ÂΤ̂ÚÈÔ 2007.
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ªÂ Ó¤· Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·Ù· ÔÈ ÊÔÚÔ¤ÏÂÁ¯ÔÈ ÂÙ·ÈÚÂÈÒÓ Î·È Â·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈÒÓ ™˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ·fi ÙË ÛÏÂ. 10
Á. ŸÙ·Ó ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈΤ˜ ·Ú·‚¿ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ∫µ™ ‹ ‰ÂÏÙ›· ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈÒÓ ‹ ¿ÏÏ· ÛÙÔȯ›· ÁÈ· ÊÔÚÔ‰È·Ê˘Á‹. ‰. ŸÙ·Ó ‰ÂÓ ˘Ô‚Ï‹ıËÎ·Ó ‰ËÏÒÛÂȘ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁ›·˜ ÂÈÛÔ‰‹Ì·ÙÔ˜, º¶∞ ‹ ¿ÏÏˆÓ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ·ÓÙÈÎÂÈ̤ӈÓ. Â. ŸÙ·Ó ˘Ê›ÛÙ·ÓÙ·È ÌÂÁ¿Ï· ÈÛÙˆÙÈο ˘fiÏÔÈ· º¶∞ Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ‰ÈηÈÔÏÔÁÔ‡ÓÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ·˜ Ù˘ Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘. ÛÙ. ™Â ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ηٿۯÂÛ˘ ‚È‚Ï›ˆÓ Î·È ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ ‹ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ Ù·ÌÈ·ÎÒÓ Ì˯·ÓÒÓ ‹ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ Ì˯·ÓÈÛÌÒÓ. ˙. ™Â ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ·ÒÏÂÈ·˜ ‚È‚Ï›ˆÓ Î·È ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ ‹ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ Ù·ÌÈ·ÎÒÓ Ì˯·ÓÒÓ ‹ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ Ì˯·ÓÈÛÌÒÓ. Ë. ŸÙ·Ó ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂȘ ·ÚÔ¯‹˜ ˘ËÚÂÛÈÒÓ Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ‰È·ı¤ÙÔ˘Ó ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁ· ·Ôı¤Ì·Ù· ‹ ÂχıÂÚÔÈ Â·ÁÁÂÏ̷ٛ˜ ‰‹ÏˆÛ·Ó ÌÂÁ¿Ï· ÔÛ¿ ‰··ÓÒÓ. ı. ŸÙ·Ó Ù· ηı·Ú¿ Î¤Ú‰Ë ‰ÂÓ ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚ›ÛÙËÎ·Ó Î·Ù¿ ÙȘ ΛÌÂÓ˜ ‰È·Ù¿ÍÂȘ ‹ ‰ÂÓ ÂÊ·ÚÌfiÛÙËÎÂ Ô ÚÔ‚ÏÂfiÌÂÓÔ˜ Û˘ÓÙÂÏÂÛÙ‹˜ ηı·ÚÒÓ ÎÂÚ‰ÒÓ ÂÊfiÛÔÓ ÚԂϤÂÙ·È Ô Â͈ÏÔÁÈÛÙÈÎfi˜ ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚÈÛÌfi˜ ÙÔ˘˜.
ºÔÚÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜-EÚÁ·ÙÈΤ˜ ˘Ô¯ÚÂÒÛÂȘ K¤ÓÙÚˆÓ •¤ÓˆÓ °ÏˆÛÛÒÓ
È. ŸÙ·Ó ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ·‰ÈηÈÔÏfiÁËÙË ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿ ÌÂٷ͇ Û˘ÌÏËڈ̷ÙÈÎÒÓ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ ÙˆÓ ‰ËÏÒÛÂˆÓ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁ›·˜ ÂÈÛÔ‰‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Î·È ‰ËÏÒÛÂˆÓ º¶∞. È·. ŸÙ·Ó ¤ÁÈÓ ¯Ú‹ÛË ·Ó·Ù˘ÍÈ·ÎÒÓ ÓfïÓ. È‚. ™Â ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Ù‡¯ÂÈ ··ÏÏ·Á‹˜ ·fi ÙÔ º¶∞. ÈÁ. ŸÙ·Ó ηٿ ÙÔÓ ÚÒÙÔ ¯ÚfiÓÔ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜ Ù˘ Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘ ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÔÓÙ·È ˘¤ÚÔÁη ÔÛ¿ ÂÓ‰ÔÎÔÈÓÔÙÈÎÒÓ Û˘Ó·ÏÏ·ÁÒÓ ‹ ‰˘Û·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ù¤ÙÔÈ· ÔÛ¿ Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙÔ Û˘Ó‹ıË ÂÙ‹ÛÈÔ Î‡ÎÏÔ ÂÚÁ·ÛÈÒÓ Ù˘. ȉ. ŸÙ·Ó ηٿ ÙÔ ¯ÚfiÓÔ ÂÈÏÔÁ‹˜ ÁÈ· ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ‰È·ı¤ÛÈÌ· ÛÙÔȯ›· ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÌfi‰È· ÂÏÂÁÎÙÈ΋ ˘ËÚÂÛ›· ÁÈ· ·Ó·Ï·Ì‚·ÓfiÌÂÓ˜ ·ÈÙ‹ÛÂȘ ·fi ¿ÏÏ· ÎÚ¿ÙË-̤ÏË ÁÈ· ·ÌÔÈ‚·›· Û˘Ó‰ÚÔÌ‹. ÈÂ. ™Â ‰ËÏÒÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ÔÔ›ˆÓ ›ÎÂÈÙ·È Ô ¯ÚfiÓÔ˜ ·Ú·ÁÚ·Ê‹˜ Ì ٷ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ· ÂÈÛÔ‰‹Ì·Ù·. ÈÛÙ. ™Â ‰ËÏÒÛÂȘ Ì ٷ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ· ·Î·ı¿ÚÈÛÙ· ÂÈÛÔ‰‹Ì·Ù· ·fi οı ηÙËÁÔÚ›·. (∞Ó·‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘ÛË ·fi ÙÔ ¢ÂÏÙ›Ô ∂·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ∂ÈÌÂÏËÙËÚ›Ô˘ ¶ÂÈÚ·ÈÒ˜)
™E¶TEMBPIO™ ñAfi 20/9 ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹ ÛÙË ¢.O.Y. ¶ÚÔÛˆÚÈÓ‹˜ ¢‹ÏˆÛ˘ ÁÈ· ÙÔ º.M.Y. Ô˘ ·Ú·ÎÚ·Ù‹ıËΠÛÙÔ ‰›ÌËÓÔ 1/7-31/8 ñ M¤¯ÚÈ 30/9 ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹ ÛÙË ¢.O.Y. Û˘ÁÎÂÓÙÚˆÙÈÎÒÓ Î·Ù·ÛÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ ÚÔÌËı¢ÙÒÓ Î·È ÂÏ·ÙÒÓ (YÔ‚ÔÏ‹ ̤ۈ Internet) ñ M¤¯ÚÈ 30/9 ÏËڈ̋ ÂÈÛÊÔÚÒÓ IKA A˘ÁÔ‡ÛÙÔ˘ ñ EÓÙfi˜ 8 ËÌÂÚÔÏÔÁÈ·ÎÒÓ ËÌÂÚÒÓ, ·fi ÙËÓ ËÌÂÚÔÌËÓ›· ÚÔÛÏ‹„ˆ˜, ηٿıÂÛË ÛÙÔÓ O.A.E.¢ ÙˆÓ AÓ·ÁÁÂÏÈÒÓ ¶ÚfiÛÏ˄˘ , ÙˆÓ ÚÔÛÏ‹„ÂˆÓ ÚÔÛˆÈÎÔ‡ Ô˘ ı· Á›ÓÂÈ ÙÔÓ ™Â٤̂ÚÈÔ (TÔ ›‰ÈÔ ÈÛ¯‡ÂÈ Î·È ÁÈ· ÙȘ ÚÔÛÏ‹„ÂȘ Ô˘ ı· Á›ÓÔ˘Ó ÙÔ˘˜ ÂfiÌÂÓÔ˘˜ Ì‹Ó˜) ñ EÓÙfi˜ 15 ËÌÂÚÔÏÔÁÈ·ÎÒÓ ËÌÂÚÒÓ Î·Ù¿ıÂÛË ÛÙËÓ EÈıÂÒÚËÛË EÚÁ·Û›·˜ ·. K·Ù¿ÛÙ·ÛË ¶ÚÔÛˆÈÎÔ‡ (ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È fiÏÔÈ ÔÈ ÂÚÁ·˙fiÌÂÓÔÈ Ô˘ ÚÔÛÏ‹ÊıËÎ·Ó ·fi 1/9 ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ù˘¯fiÓ ·Ï·ÈÔ›) ‚. °ÓˆÛÙÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ fiÚˆÓ ÌÂÚÈ΋˜ ··Û¯fiÏËÛË (fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÓÂÔÚÔÛÏËÊı¤ÓÙˆÓ Ô˘ ı· ··Û¯ÔÏËıÔ‡Ó Ì ÌÂÚÈ΋ ··Û¯fiÏËÛË) (TÔ ›‰ÈÔ ÈÛ¯‡ÂÈ Î·È ÁÈ· ÙȘ ÚÔÛÏ‹„ÂȘ Ô˘ ı· Á›ÓÔ˘Ó ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÂfiÌÂÓÔ˘˜ Ì‹Ó˜. ™ÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ·˘Ù‹ ÁÚ¿ÊÔ˘Ì ÛÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÛÙ·ÛË ÚÔÛˆÈÎÔ‡ ÌfiÓÔ ÙÔ˘˜ Ó¤Ô˘˜) OKTøBPIO™ ñ YÔ‚ÔÏ‹ A.¶.¢. IKA ÙÚÈÌ‹ÓÔ˘ 1/7-30/9 ˆ˜ ÂÍ‹˜: ·) XÂÈÚfiÁÚ·ÊË ‹ ‰ÈÛΤٷ: 11-18/10 ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ÙÔ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô „ËÊ›Ô A.M.E ‚) πnternet: ̤¯ÚÈ 31/10 ñ M¤¯ÚÈ 31/10 ÏËڈ̋ ÂÈÛÊÔÚÒÓ IKA ™ÂÙÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘ NOEMBPIO™ ñ M¤¯ÚÈ15/11 ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹ ÛÙËÓ EÈıÂÒÚËÛË ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ ηٿÛÙ·Û˘ ÚÔÛˆÈÎÔ‡ (ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ ÌfiÓÈÌ· ··Û¯ÔÏÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ˘˜ ÂÊ’ fiÛÔÓ ‰ÂÓ ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÚÈÏ¿‚·Ì ÛÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÛÙ·ÛË ÚÔÛˆÈÎÔ‡ Ô˘ ˘Ô‚¿ÏÏÔ˘Ì ·Ì¤Ûˆ˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙȘ ÚÒÙ˜ ÚÔÛÏ‹„ÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ™ÂÙÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘ ‹ OÎÙˆ‚Ú›Ô˘) ñ Afi 20/11 ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹ ÛÙË ¢.O.Y. ¶ÚÔÛˆÚÈÓ‹˜ ¢‹ÏˆÛ˘ ÁÈ· ÙÔ º.M.Y. Ô˘ ·Ú·ÎÚ·Ù‹ıËΠÛÙÔ ‰›ÌËÓÔ 1/9-31/10 ñ M¤¯ÚÈ 31/11 ÏËڈ̋ ÂÈÛÊÔÚÒÓ IKA OÎÙˆ‚Ú›Ô˘ MÈ· ¢ÁÂÓÈ΋ ÚÔÛÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÓÂÏÏËÓ›Ô˘ ™˘Óã‰ÂÛÌÔ˘ I‰ÈÔÎÙËÙÒÓ K¤ÓÙÚˆÓ •¤ÓˆÓ °ÏˆÛÛÒÓ Î·È ÙÔ˘ Aı·Ó¿ÛÈÔ˘ ¶··Ï˘Ì¤ÚË §ÔÁÈÛÙ‹, ºÔÚÔÙ¯ÓÈÎÔ‡ ™˘Ì‚Ô‡ÏÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÓÂÏÏËÓ›Ô˘.
COLLINS DICTIONARIES SUPER ¶ƒ√™º√ƒ∞! ∆· ÏÂÍÈο Collins ÚÔÛʤÚÔ˘Ó ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÛÔ˘‰·ÛÙ¤˜ Ù˘ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓ˘ ∞ÁÁÏÈ΋˜ Ï‹ÚË Î·È ÏÂÙÔÌÂÚ‹ Î¿Ï˘„Ë Ù˘ ÁÏÒÛÛ·˜ Ì ۷ʋ Î·È Î·Ù·ÓÔËÙfi ÙÚfiÔ. Collins Gem Greek-English & Greek-English Pocket Dictionary
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19
New Word on the Block In this column we will be presenting you with new words, or new uses of old words so that you are always up to date! Exergaming nxious parents and doommongering social commentators have long inveighed against the effects of computer gaming on the young. Healthy outdoor pursuits have, they say, been replaced by red-eyed, thumbnumbing marathon sessions in front of the computer screen, as children battle with monsters from Mars, race round city centres in high-speed car chases, or kick-box and punch opponents into submission. The psychological effects of this kind of pastime have been hotly debated, but there is general agreement that excessive computer gaming can turn children (and, presumably, similarly occupied adults) into ‘mouse potatoes’ — the computing equivalent of that overweight, underexercised TV watcher, the ‘couch potato’. It doesn’t have to be like this, however. For many years software developers have tried to produce games and programs which actually promote exercise. Virtual-reality programs sought to emulate the experience of playing racket games or cycling as early as the 1980s, but the cost of these was prohibitively high. Professional cyclists were among the few enthusiasts who adopted the equipment. But computing power is always on the increase. Games which would once have outstripped the processing capacity of home computers are (so to speak) child’s play for today’s machines. With the arrival of systems such as the Wii gaming console, the idea of exergaming — exercising as you play on the computer — seems to be coming into its own. Handheld controls can now be used to simulate the movement of on-screen rackets, bats and golf clubs (or, for the more sedate, fishing rods). There are also dance programs operated by moving on a pressure-sensitive mat, as well as programs which simulate gym exercise equipment. All in all, this provides the perfect excuse for gaming enthusiasts to
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expense of paying directly for a celebrity endorsement. This practice reaches a Manny pinnacle of decadence Although the barriers during the awards between the sexes are season, when cosseted being broken down in A-list celebs are plied many areas — with with goody bags which equal prize money at become more lavish and this year’s Wimbledon Source: Chambers Wordwatch extravagant each year. championships being a Column Editor: Lawrence Mamas The goody bags given notable landmark — the (Betsis ELT) [email protected] away at the Oscars language we use still ceremony in 2003 were seems to reflect a in fact wicker baskets each overflowing certain level of discomfort with some with í11,000 worth of treats including non-traditional gender roles. Most mobile phones, cameras, designer people have stopped being surprised by the concept of a ‘male nurse’ or a ‘female jewellery and vouchers for exclusive holiday resorts. The 2005 goody bag was doctor’, but that relatively rare creature, rumoured to be worth more than the male nanny — colloquially known as í57,000. the manny — still raises eyebrows in But the party had to end somewhere. some quarters. George Clooney's much reported In theory, mannies do exactly the same auctioning of his 2005 Oscar goody bag job as female nannies. However, in the for US hurricane-relief charities seems to minds of many people, their maleness have sparked a modicum of soulsets them apart enough to merit the use searching about the practice of of a separate word. Similar logic showering expensive presents on those underlies the coinage ‘manorexia’ (a most able to afford luxury goods. The popular but, medically speaking, real party-pooper, however, was the completely unnecessary term for anorexia in male patients). More light-hearted examples of the same phenomenon include ‘man date’ (two heterosexual men socializing), ‘manbag’ (a handbag carried by a man) and even ‘moobs’ (short for the self-explanatory ‘man boobs’). These words are normally used in a light-hearted way, and few would condemn them as sexist. But the fact that they exist at all is revealing. Mannies, like male nursery staff, are in increasingly high demand in some areas. Most experts support the view that exposure to positive male role models in the form of carers can be of great benefit to young children. Nevertheless, some mannies — particularly those attempting to begin their careers in conservative communities — are still faced with prejudice in their working lives, as many people persist in the opinion that childcare is essentially women’s work. calm their anxious parents: ‘Just off for a bit of exercise!’
Branded Retreat The custom (known as 'gifting') of lavishing expensive gifts on high-profile celebrities has been spiralling to ever greater heights since the 1990s. Companies vie with each other to forge personal relationships with influential figures without incurring the huge
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ÂÈı˘Ì› Ó· ÂÚÁ·ÛÙ› Û ∫¤ÓÙÚÔ •¤ÓˆÓ °ÏˆÛÛÒÓ ÛÙȘ ÂÍ‹˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜: ¡›Î·È·, ¡Â¿ÔÏË, ∫ÔÚ˘‰·ÏÏfi, ∫ÂÚ·ÙÛ›ÓË, ∞ÌÊÈ¿ÏË. ∆ËÏ.: 210-4323415, 6974-120123.
Internal Revenue Service (the US taxcollection agency) which, on observing the soaring value of goody-bag swag, deemed that any gift worth more than $600 should be declared as income and was therefore taxable. In response to the changing times, the 'acceptable face' of 2007's gift-giving extravaganza became the so-called branded retreat. Pampered celebrities were offered an experience, rather than material goods, and whisked to sponsored private concerts and parties, shows and spas. Luxurious mansions were booked exclusively for their use, where they could enjoy peace and serenity, beauty treatments and massages, 'acceptancespeech consultations' and gourmet meals. So away with the vulgarity of free diamonds, designer sunglasses and digital gadgets. The goody bag is officially 'so last year'. Here's to the new swag, to inconspicuous rather than conspicuous consumption the branded retreat: subtle, private, unrepeatable and, best of all, gloriously tax-free.
20 Nick Michelioudakis (B. Econ., Dip. RSA, MSc [TEFL]) has been working in the field of ELT for more years than he cares to remember. He likes to think of himself as a ‘front-line teacher’ and is particularly interested in one-to-one teaching. When he is not struggling with students, he likes to spend his time in a swimming pool or playing chess. For any questions or comments, you can contact him at [email protected].
The history of the world is full of conflicts between seemingly irreconcilable groups; Catholics and Protestants; Jews and Arabs; Shias and Sunnis. And the lengths to which people are prepared to go to in order to fight the ‘other’ are extraordinary. In the brilliant film ‘American History X’ an otherwise decent white man influenced by racist doctrines ends up in prison after brutally murdering a black man. But how real is the
Social Psychology and ELT
Prejudice and cooperation
basis of these divisions? As the following experiment illustrates, this is often about as significant as the one described in ‘Gulliver’s Travels’ where the people of Lilliput and Blefuscu argued over which end of their egg they should break. Muzafer Sherif’s experiment: The experiment (described in detail in Aronson, 1999) took place in a very natural setting – a boy scouts’ camp. The researchers started by arbitrarily dividing the boys into two groups – the ‘Eagles’ and the ‘Rattlers’. They then
involved the members of each group in various activities in order to strengthen the ties among them. Already at this stage, a certain rivalry began to emerge. After some time the researchers introduced the element of competition – the groups competed with each other in a number of games such as tugs-of-war and sports contests. Gradually, these turned ugly. There was name-calling and scuffles which often escalated out of control. In questionnaires distributed by the researchers at this stage, group members rated members of their own groups positively but their ‘rivals’ negatively. It seems that conflicts of interest produce prejudice (Eysenck, 1996). What is remarkable is that a) these were perfectly well-adjusted boys, not some group of delinquents b) the division was completely arbitrary and
c) it had taken so little time to turn these two groups against each other! At this stage the researchers decided it was time to reverse the situation – but how? At first their attempts met with complete failure. A ‘propaganda campaign’ of telling the children how nice the members of the other group were had no effect whatsoever (Brehm, Kassin & Fein 2002). The researchers then thought that if the two groups were involved in joint pleasurable activities, that should reduce hostility. So, they organized picnics and social events. The results were catastrophic. If anything, contact between the two groups made things worse! It was then that they came up with the solution: collaborative activities! The researchers set up a series of ‘mini crises’ which required the groups to work together in order to overcome them. So, on a day-trip somewhere the only truck they had to bring the food to the camp with was found to be ‘stuck’. The two teams had to push it together. On another occasion, the water supply system failed. The two groups had to organize themselves and work together to find and fix the problem. Gradually, after a number of such incidents and as a result of the cooperation, harmony returned to the camp. Indeed, so successful was the solution that on returning to camp after an evening out by the campfire, the members of one group decided to treat their former rivals to milkshakes! (Cialdini, 2001) Applications in the field of ELT: To me there are two elements in this experiment which stand out – one worrying, the other encouraging. The worrying bit is how easy it is for people to develop a ‘them and us’ mentality – even on the basis of a simple label! The encouraging bit is how even long-established rivalry can be overcome through the process of cooperation. The implications for the ELT classroom are I think obvious. First of all, we need to be aware of group dynamics and not allow the formation of rival groups which might disrupt the harmony of the classroom. Moreover, while competition is certainly fun and competitive games can be very motivating there is always a danger lurking there, especially if the competing groups are always the same. I believe it makes good sense to vary the group composition in order to avoid such a risk. Conversely, as the experiment amply demonstrated, cooperative tasks are excellent at breaking down barriers and fostering group cohesion. The key is ‘mutual interdependence’ (Aronson, 1999). It is tasks where ss have to rely on each other that produce these positive results. All the more reason then why we should use more group activities, jig-saw tasks and project work. Dornyei (2001) even suggests that we should devote some class time in ‘social training’ – explicitly helping ss learn how to work as a team. Away from ELT: Perhaps the introduction was a little too simplistic. It may well be that there is an explanation why people find it so easy to develop such negative attitudes towards others. There is some evidence from evolutionary psychology that people might be programmed to distinguish between members of the group they belong to and members of other groups and perhaps even be hostile towards the latter. (Barett, Dunbar & Lycett 2002) This might have been adaptive in the past but we know that it is the source of endless trouble today. The good thing is that such attitudes can be reversed. In the film mentioned above (‘American History X’) the racist sent to prison discovers that his perception of reality in general and of coloured people in particular is warped. Significantly, he gets to learn that not through reading or reflection but through endless hours of doing the laundry with a black man. References 1. Aronson, E. “The Social Animal” Worth – Freeman, 1999 2. Barett, L., Dunbar, R. & Lycett, J. “Human Evolutionary Psychology” Palgrave 2002 3. Brehm, S., Kassin, S. & Fein S. “Social Psychology” Houghton Mifflin, 2002 4. Cialdini, R. “Influence – Science and Practice”, Allyn & Bacon 2001 5. Dornyei, Z. “Motivational Strategies in the Language Classroom” Cambridge University Press, 2001 6. Eysenck, M. “Simply Psychology” Psychology Press 1996
¶ÚÔıÂƯ̂˜ ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹˜ ‰ËÏÒÛÂˆÓ University Of Central Lancashire Language examinations O ¶·ÓÂÏÏ‹ÓÈÔ˜ ™‡Ó‰ÂÛÌÔ˜ I‰ÈÔÎÙËÙÒÓ K¤ÓÙÚˆÓ •¤ÓˆÓ °ÏˆÛÛÒÓ ·Ó·ÎÔ›ÓˆÛ ÙȘ ÚÔÛ¯›˜ ËÌÂÚÔÌËӛ˜ ‰ÈÂÍ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÙˆÓ ÂÍÂÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ University Of Central Lancashire Language examinations. OÈ ÂÍÂÙ¿ÛÂȘ ı· ‰ÈÂÍ·¯ıÔ‡Ó ·ÓÂÏÏ·‰Èο ÙÔ ™¿‚‚·ÙÔ, 15 & K˘Úȷ΋, 16 ¢ÂÎÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘ 2007. ¢ËÏÒÛÂȘ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ˘Ô‚ÏËıÔ‡Ó ·Ô ÙË ¢Â˘Ù¤Ú·, 29 OÎÙˆ‚Ú›Ô˘ ¤ˆ˜ ¢Â˘Ù¤Ú·, 5 NÔÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘. OÈ ÂӉȷÊÂÚfiÌÂÓÔÈ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ÚÔÌËı¢ÙÔ‡Ó ‰ËÏÒÛÂȘ ·Â˘ı›·˜ ·Ô Ù· ÁÚ·Ê›· ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÓÂÏÏËÓ›Ô˘, Aη‰ËÌ›·˜ 98-100, Aı‹Ó·, ÙËÏ. 210 3828539, ›Ù ٷ¯˘‰ÚÔÌÈο, ›Ù ·Ô ÙËÓ ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÓÈ΋ ‰È‡ı˘ÓÛË: www.europalso.gr
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«¶ÚÔ˜ fiÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ™˘ÏÏfiÁÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘ PALSO ∞Á·ËÙÔ› Û˘Ó¿‰ÂÏÊÔÈ, ¶·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÒÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÛÙÚÔÊ‹ Ô˘ Û˘ÓÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ÛÙËÓ ¶ÂÏÔfiÓÓËÛÔ (Î·È fi¯È ÌfiÓÔ) ÙȘ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Â˜ ‚‰ÔÌ¿‰Â˜, ‰ÂÓ ÌÔÚÒ ·Ú¿ Ó· ıÏ›‚ÔÌ·È ÛÙË ÛΤ„Ë fiÙÈ ÂÎÙfi˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ÙÚ·Áˆ‰›· ÙˆÓ 64(;) ÓÂÎÚÒÓ Î·È ÙËÓ ·Ó˘ÔÏfiÁÈÛÙË Î·Ù·ÛÙÚÔÊ‹ ÙÔ˘ — ‹‰Ë ÏËÁˆÌ¤ÓÔ˘— ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙfi˜ Ì·˜, ¤¯Ô˘Ó Ì›ÓÂÈ ›Ûˆ ¿ÓıÚˆÔÈ ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Ì·˙¤„Ô˘Ó Ù· ÎÔÌÌ¿ÙÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È Ó· ÔÚıÔÔ‰‹ÛÔ˘Ó. ∞Ó¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙÔ˘˜ ˘ÚfiÏËÎÙÔ˘˜ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó Î·È ¿ÓıÚˆÔÈ, ‰ÈÎÔ› Ì·˜ Û˘Ó¿‰ÂÏÊÔÈ, ηıËÁËÙ¤˜ Î·È ÊÚÔÓÙÈÛÙËÚÈÔ‡¯ÔÈ, ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ Â›‰·Ó ÎfiÔ˘˜ ˙ˆ‹˜ Ó· Á›ÓÔÓÙ·È ÛÙ¿¯ÙË Û ϛÁ˜ ÌfiÓÔ ÛÙÈÁ̤˜. ∂ÈϤÔÓ, ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó Î·È Ù· ·È‰È¿, ÔÈ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜, ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ Û‡ÓÙÔÌ· ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÍÂÎÈÓ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÙË Ó¤· Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ¯ÚÔÓÈ¿, ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û ̷˘ÚÈṲ̂ӷ ÙÔ›· Î·È Û΢ıÚˆ¿ ÚfiÛˆ·. °È· fiÏ’ ·˘Ù¿, ÏÔÈfiÓ, Î·È ÁÈ· ¿ÏÏ· ÔÏÏ¿ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ·‰‡Ó·ÙÔÓ Ó· ÁÓˆÚ›˙ÂÈ Î·Ó›˜, ·Ó ‰ÂÓ Ù· ¤¯ÂÈ ˙‹ÛÂÈ, ıˆÚÒ ˆ˜ ˘Ô¯Ú¤ˆÛË ËÌÒÓ ÙˆÓ ÊÚÔÓÙÈÛÙËÚÈÔ‡¯ˆÓ, Ó· Û˘Ó‰Ú¿ÌÔ˘Ì Ì fi,ÙÈ ‰˘Ó¿ÌÂȘ ¤¯ÂÈ Ô Î·ı¤Ó·˜ Ì·˜, ÒÛÙ ӷ ÌÔÚ¤ÛÔ˘Ó ÔÈ ÊÚÔÓÙÈÛÙËÚÈÔ‡¯ÔÈ ÙˆÓ ÓÔÌÒÓ ·˘ÙÒÓ Ó· ÂÙÔÈÌ¿ÛÔ˘Ó ¤Ó·Ó ·ÍÈÔÚ‹ ¯ÒÚÔ (ÂÓÔÈΛ·ÛË ·ÈıÔ˘ÛÒÓ, ·ÁÔÚ¿ ‚·ÛÈÎÔ‡ ÂÍÔÏÈÛÌÔ‡ Î.Ï.), ÒÛÙ ӷ ÌÔÚ¤ÛÔ˘Ó ÛÈÁ¿ ÛÈÁ¿ Ó’ ·Ú¯›ÛÔ˘Ó
Ó· ÔÓÂÈÚ‡ÔÓÙ·È Í·Ó¿ Î·È Ó· ·ÏÂ‡Ô˘Ó ÁÈ· ÙË ˙ˆ‹ ÙÔ˘˜. ™·˜ ¢¯·ÚÈÛÙÒ ÁÈ· ÙÔ ¯ÚfiÓÔ Û·˜. ªÂ Û˘Ó·‰ÂÏÊÈÎÔ‡˜ ¯·ÈÚÂÙÈÛÌÔ‡˜ ∂ϤÓË Ã·Ù˙ËÌ·ÓÒÏË Ã·Ú·Ï¿ÌÔ˘˜ ∫·ı. ∞ÁÁÏÈÎÒÓ π‰ÈÔÎÙ‹ÙÚÈ· ∫.•.°. - °¤Ú·, §¤Û‚Ô˜»
Ó· ÛÙÔ ¤ÁÁÚ·ÊÔ ·›ÙËÌ· ÙÔ˘ E·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ EÈÌÂÏËÙËÚ›Ô˘ ¶ÂÈÚ·ÈÒ˜ ·Ú¤ÙÂÈÓ ÙȘ ÚÔıÂƯ̂˜ ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹˜ ÂÂÓ‰˘ÙÈÎÒÓ Û¯Â‰›ˆÓ ÛÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· EÌfiÚÈÔ Î·È YËÚÂۛ˜ ÛÙ· ¶E¶. ™ÙÔ ˆ˜ ¿Óˆ ¤ÁÁÚ·ÊÔ, Ô ¶Úfi‰ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ EÈÌÂÏËÙËÚ›Ô˘ Î. °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ MÂÓ¤ÙÔ˜ ÂÂÛ‹Ì·Ó ÙËÓ ÂÈÙ·ÎÙÈ΋ ·Ó¿ÁÎË ·Ú¿Ù·Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ Î·Ù¿ ¤Ó· Ì‹Ó·, ÏfiÁˆ ÙˆÓ ıÂÚÈÓÒÓ ‰È·ÎÔÒÓ Î·È Ù˘ ÚÔÂÎÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ÂÚÈfi‰Ô˘ Ô˘ ‰È·Ó‡Ô˘ÌÂ, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÂÎÙÂÙ·Ì¤ÓˆÓ ˘ÚηÁÈÒÓ fiˆ˜ ˘ÔÁÚ·ÌÌ›ÛÙËΠÂÍ¿ÏÏÔ˘ ÛÙÔ ·fi 27/08/07 ¢ÂÏÙ›Ô T‡Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ EÈÌÂÏËÙËÚ›Ô˘ Ì ı¤Ì· ÙËÓ ·ÔηٿÛÙ·ÛË ÙˆÓ fiÚˆÓ Ù˘ ÂıÓÈ΋˜ ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌ›·˜ Î·È ÙË ÛÙ‹ÚÈÍË ÙˆÓ ˘ÚfiÏËÎÙˆÓ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛˆÓ. ™˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ, ÙÔ YÔ˘ÚÁÂ›Ô OÈÎÔÓÔÌ›·˜ Î·È OÈÎÔÓÔÌÈÎÒÓ ·Ó·ÎÔ›ÓˆÛ ÛÙËÓ ÈÛÙÔÛÂÏ›‰· Ù˘ °.°. EÂÓ‰‡ÛÂˆÓ & AÓ¿Ù˘Í˘ www.ependyseis.gr ÙȘ Ӥ˜ ηٷÏËÎÙÈΤ˜ ËÌÂÚÔÌËӛ˜ ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÓÈ΋˜ ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹˜ ÂÂÓ‰˘ÙÈ΋˜ ÚfiÙ·Û˘ ˆ˜ ÂÍ‹˜: — °È· Ù· ¶E¶ ¢˘Ù. EÏÏ¿‰·˜, ¶ÂÏÔÔÓÓ‹ÛÔ˘, ™ÙÂÚ¿˜ EÏÏ¿‰·˜ (˘ÚfiÏË-
MÂÁ¿ÏË Û˘Ó·˘Ï›· Europalso-EOM AMEA Ì ÙÔÓ Mȯ¿ÏË X·Ù˙ËÁÈ¿ÓÓË O ¶·ÓÂÏÏ‹ÓÈÔ˜ ™˘Ó‰ÂÛÌÔ˜ I‰ÈÔÎÙËÙÒÓ K¤ÓÙÚˆÓ •¤ÓˆÓ °ÏˆÛÛÒÓ Europalso ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÂÈ, ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ ÙˆÓ ÌÂÏÒÓ ÙÔ˘, ÌÂÁ¿ÏË Û˘Ó·˘Ï›· ·Á¿Ë˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ·ıÏËÙ¤˜ Ì·˜ Ì ·Ó·Ëڛ˜ Ì ÙÔÓ ·Á·Ë̤ÓÔ Î·ÏÏÈÙ¤¯ÓË Mȯ¿ÏË X·Ù˙ËÁÈ¿ÓÓË. H Û˘Ó·˘Ï›· ı· ‰È·Í·¯ı› ÛÙÔ ÎÏÂÈÛÙfi Á˘ÌÓ·ÛÙ‹ÚÈÔ OAKA, ÛÙȘ 7 OÎÙˆ‚Ú›Ô˘, ÒÚ· 17.00. T· ¤ÛÔ‰· Ù˘ Û˘Ó·˘Ï›·˜ ı· ‰È·ÙÂıÔ‡Ó ÛÙËÓ EıÓÈ΋ AıÏËÙÈ΋ OÌÔÛÔÓ‰›· AÙfiÌˆÓ Ì AÓ·ËÚ›· ÁÈ· ÙȘ ·Ó¿ÁΘ ÙˆÓ EıÓÈÎÒÓ OÌ¿‰ˆÓ AıÏËÙÒÓ Ì AÓ·ËÚ›· ÂÓfi„ÂÈ ÙˆÓ ¶·Ú·ÔÏ˘ÌÈ·ÎÒÓ AÁÒÓˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ¶ÂΛÓÔ˘ 2008. H ÂΉ‹ÏˆÛË ÙÂÏ› ˘fi ÙËÓ ·ÈÁ›‰· Ù˘ EıÓÈ΋˜ AıÏËÙÈ΋˜ OÌÔÛÔÓ‰›·˜ AÙfiÌˆÓ Ì AÓ·Ëڛ˜.
ÎÙ˜ ¶ÂÚÈʤÚÂȘ) Ë 10/12/07 ÒÚ· 12 ÙÔ ÌÂÛË̤ÚÈ, ·ÓÂÍ·Úًو˜ ÙÔ˘ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô˘ „ËÊ›Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ AºM (·Ú¿Ù·ÛË Î·Ù¿ 2 Ì‹Ó˜) — °È· Ù· ¶E¶ AÙÙÈ΋˜, £ÂÛÛ·Ï›·˜, KÚ‹Ù˘, KÂÓÙÚ. M·Î‰ÔÓ›·˜, NÔÙ. AÈÁ·›Ô˘, BÔÚ›Ԣ AÈÁ·›Ô˘, AÓ·Ù. M·Î‰ÔÓ›·˜ – £Ú¿Î˘, H›ÚÔ˘, IÔÓ›ˆÓ N‹ÛˆÓ, ¢˘Ù. M·Î‰ÔÓ›·˜ ÛÙ·‰È·Î¿ ·fi 16.10.2007 – 09.11.07 ÒÚ· 12 ÙÔ ÌÂÛË̤ÚÈ, ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ÙÔ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô „ËÊ›Ô ÙÔ˘ AºM Ù˘ Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘ (·Ú¿Ù·ÛË Î·Ù¿ 1 Ì‹Ó·) TÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô „ËÊ›Ô AºM Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘ 0: 16/10/2007, ÒÚ· 12.00 ÙÔ ÌÂÛË̤ÚÈ TÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô „ËÊ›Ô AºM Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘ 1: 18/10/2007, ÒÚ· 12.00 ÙÔ ÌÂÛË̤ÚÈ TÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô „ËÊ›Ô AºM Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘ 2: 22/10/2007, ÒÚ· 12.00 ÙÔ ÌÂÛË̤ÚÈ TÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô „ËÊ›Ô AºM Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘ 3: 24/10/2007, ÒÚ· 12.00 ÙÔ ÌÂÛË̤ÚÈ TÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô „ËÊ›Ô AºM Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘ 4: 26/10/2007, ÒÚ· 12.00 ÙÔ ÌÂÛË̤ÚÈ TÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô „ËÊ›Ô AºM Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘ 5: 30/10/2007, ÒÚ· 12.00 ÙÔ ÌÂÛË̤ÚÈ TÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô „ËÊ›Ô AºM Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘-6: 01/11//2007, ÒÚ· 12.00 ÙÔ ÌÂÛË̤ÚÈ TÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô „ËÊ›Ô AºM Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘ 7: 05/11/2007, ÒÚ· 12.00 ÙÔ ÌÂÛË̤ÚÈ TÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô „ËÊ›Ô AºM Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘ - 8: 07/11/2007, ÒÚ· 12.00 ÙÔ ÌÂÛË̤ÚÈ TÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô „ËÊ›Ô AºM Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘ - 9: 09/11/2007, ÒÚ· 12.00 ÙÔ ÌÂÛË̤ÚÈ ™ËÌÂȈ٤ÔÓ Ë Î·Ù·ÏËÎÙÈ΋ ËÌÂÚÔÌËÓ›· ·Ú·Ï·‚‹˜ ÙÔ˘ «EÓÙ‡Ô˘ YÔ‚ÔÏ‹˜» ·fi ÙÔÓ ÙÂÏÈÎfi ‰ÈηÈÔ‡¯Ô Â›Ó·È Ë ÂfiÌÂÓË ÂÚÁ¿ÛÈÌË Ë̤ڷ ·fi ÙËÓ ÂοÛÙÔÙ ˆ˜ ¿Óˆ ηٷÏËÎÙÈ΋ ËÌÂÚÔÌËÓ›· ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÓÈ΋˜ ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹˜. °È· ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜, ÔÈ ÂӉȷÊÂÚfiÌÂÓÔÈ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ·Â˘ı‡ÓÔÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÈÛÙÔÛÂÏ›‰· ÙÔ˘ Y¶OI.O. – °.°. EÂÓ‰‡ÛÂˆÓ & AÓ¿Ù˘Í˘: www.ependyseis.gr [Ù›ÙÏÔ˜ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜: EÌfiÚÈÔ & YËÚÂۛ˜ ÛÙ· ¶E¶ – KÔÈÓÔÙÈ΋ ¶ÚˆÙÔ‚Ô˘Ï›· Interreg III] Î·È ÛÙÔ EÈÌÂÏËÙ‹ÚÈÔ: (www.eep.gov.gr).
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Europalso Society
Z¤ÙÙ· M¤ÏÏÔ˘
MÈ· ‰‡Ó·ÌË ÛÙËÓ ÍÂÓfiÁψÛÛË Âη›‰Â˘ÛË
YÔ„‹ÊÈ· BÔ˘ÏÂ˘Ù‹˜ N¢, A’ AıËÓÒÓ
˘Ó¯›˙ÂÙ·È ÁÈ· ‰Â‡ÙÂÚË ¯ÚÔÓÈ¿ Ë ÚˆÙÔ‚Ô˘Ï›· ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÓÂÏÏËÓ›Ô˘ ™˘Ó‰¤ÛÌÔ˘ I‰ÈÔÎÙËÙÒÓ K¤ÓÙÚˆÓ •¤ÓˆÓ °ÏˆÛÛÒÓ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Û˘ÏÏÔÁÈ΋ ÚÔ‚ÔÏ‹ ÙˆÓ Î¤ÓÙÚˆÓ Í¤ÓˆÓ ÁψÛÛÒÓ-ÌÂÏÒÓ ÙÔ˘ Europalso Society. TÔ Europalso Society ÍÂΛÓËÛ ÛÙȘ ·Ú¯¤˜ Ù˘ Û¯ÔÏÈ΋˜ ¯ÚÔÓÈ¿˜ 20062007 Ì ÛÙfi¯Ô ÙËÓ ı¤ÛÈÛË Î·ÓfiÓˆÓ ‰È·Ê¿ÓÂÈ·˜ Î·È ·˘ÙÔÂϤÁ¯Ô˘ ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ Û˘ÌÌÂÙ¯fiÓÙˆÓ Î¤ÓÙÚˆÓ Í¤ÓˆÓ ÁψÛÛÒÓ, ‚·ÛÈÛÌ¤ÓˆÓ ÛÙ· ÂȉÈο ‚È‚Ï›· Europalso. H ÔÏË È‰¤· ‚·Û›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· Ô˘ ·Ú¤¯ÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÁÔÓ›˜ Ó· ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ÚfiÔ‰Ô ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡ ÙÔ˘˜ Û ÌfiÓÈÌË ‚¿ÛË, ÂÍ·ÛÊ·Ï›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ¤ÙÛÈ ÙÔ ÙÂÏÈÎfi ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ·.
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¶·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ·, Ù· Û˘ÌÌÂÙ¤¯ÔÓÙ· ΤÓÙÚ· Û˘ÓÂÓÒÓÔÓÙ·È Û ÎÔÈÓ‹ ÙËÏÂÔÙÈ΋, Ú·‰ÈÔʈÓÈ΋ Î·È ¤ÓÙ˘Ë ‰È·Ê‹ÌÈÛË. AÓ·Ï˘ÙÈÎfiÙÂÚ· Ì·˜ ÂÓË̤ڈÛÂ Ë Úfi‰ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÓÂÏÏËÓ›Ô˘, Î. AÓÓ· MÔ˘Ï-
ÓÙÔ‡ÌË: «T· ̤ÏË ÙÔ˘ Europalso Society, ÛÙËÓ AÙÙÈ΋ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Û ÔÏfiÎÏËÚË ÙËÓ EÏÏ¿‰·, ·ÔÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔ˘Ó ÎÔÈÓ¿ ÚÔÓfiÌÈ·. ¶·Ú·‰Â›ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜ ¯¿ÚË, ÎÔÈÓ‹ ÙËÏÂÔÙÈ΋ ‰È·Ê‹ÌÈÛË Ì ÙÔÓ NÈÎÔ E˘·ÁÁÂÏ¿ÙÔ, Ú·‰ÈÔʈÓÈ΋ ‰È·Ê‹ÌÈÛË (ÛÙËÓ Aı‹Ó·), ·ÚÔ˘Û›·ÛË ÛÙËÓ
ÈÛÙÔÛÂÏ›‰· ÙÔ˘ ™˘Ó‰¤ÛÌÔ˘, ÎÔÈÓ¿ ¤ÓÙ˘· ‰È·ÊËÌÈÛÙÈο ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ì·ıËÙÈ΋ ÂÊËÌÂÚ›‰· ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÔ˘‰·ÛÙ¤˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û ¿ÏÏ·. ¶¤Ú· ·Ô ·˘Ù¿, Ù· ̤ÏË ÙÔ˘ Europalso Society ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÎÔÈÓ¤˜ ʈÙÂÈÓ¤˜ ÂÈÁڷʤ˜ Î·È ·ÓÒ, ·Ê›Û˜ Î·È Certificate of Membership. K¿ı ̤ÏÔ˜ ¤¯ÂÈ ÙËÓ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· Ó· ÚÔ‚¿ÏÏÂÈ ÙËÓ ÙËÏÂÔÙÈ΋ ‰È·Ê‹ÌÈÛË Ì¤Û· ÛÙÔ Û¯ÔÏÂ›Ô ÙÔ˘. TÔ Europalso Society ‰ÈÔÚÁ·ÓÒÓÂÈ ÂȉÈο ÛÂÌÈÓ¿ÚÈ· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Âη›‰Â˘ÛË ÙˆÓ È‰›ˆÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ Î·ıËÁËÙÒÓ ÙÔ˘˜. TÔ Î˘ÚÈfiÙÂÚÔ ÏÂÔÓ¤ÎÙËÌ·, fï˜ Â›Ó·È Ë ·ÛÊ¿ÏÂÈ· Î·È Ë ÂÌÈÛÙÔÛ‡ÓË Ô˘ ÂÌÓ¤ÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÁÔÓ›˜ Î·È Ë ÔÔ›· ·ÓÙ·Ó·ÎÏ¿Ù·È ÛÙ· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÙÔ˘ Û¯ÔÏ›Ԣ Ì·˜».
MÈ· Û˘Ó¿‰ÂÏÊÔ˜ ÛÙȘ ÂıÓÈΤ˜ ÂÎÏÔÁ¤˜ M ȉȷ›ÙÂÚË ¯·Ú¿ ÏËÚÔÊÔÚËı‹Î·Ì ÙËÓ ˘Ô„ËÊÈfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ Û˘Ó·‰¤ÏÊÔ˘, Z¤ÙÙ·˜ M¤ÏÏÔ˘, ÛÙÔ „ËÊÔ‰¤ÏÙÈÔ Ù˘ N¢ ÛÙËÓ A’ AıËÓÒÓ. H Z¤ÙÙ· M¤ÏÏÔ˘, ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ÛÙÔ ¯ÒÚÔ Ù˘ •ÂÓfiÁψÛÛ˘ Eη›‰Â˘Û˘ Î·È ÂÓÂÚÁfi ̤ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ PALSO.¶·ÓÙÚÂ̤ÓË Ì ÙÔÓ ·Ú¯ÈÙ¤ÎÙÔÓ· KÒÛÙ· ¶··ÎˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˘, ¤¯Ô˘Ó ¤Ó· ÁÈÔ ÙÔÓ ™Ù¤ÏÈÔ, 26 ÂÙÒÓ, ÊÔÈÙËÙ‹ ‰È‰·ÎÙÔÚÈÎÔ‡ ÛÙÔ CITY University ÙÔ˘ §ÔÓ‰›ÓÔ˘. H Z¤Ù· M¤ÏÏÔ˘ Â›Ó·È Î·ıËÁ‹ÙÚÈ·, ȉÈÔÎÙ‹ÙÚÈ· ΤÓÙÚˆÓ Í¤ÓˆÓ ÁψÛÛÒÓ Î·È ÌÂÙ·ÊÚ¿ÛÙÚÈ· ÏÔÁÔÙ¯ÓÈÎÒÓ Î·È ı·ÙÚÈÎÒÓ ¤ÚÁˆÓ. ¢ÈÂÙ¤ÏÂÛ › 8ÂÙ›· Û‡Ì‚Ô˘ÏÔ˜ ÛÙÔ E·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈÎfi EÈÌÂÏËÙ‹ÚÈÔ AıËÓÒÓ, ̤ÏÔ˜ ÂÈÙÚÔÒÓ ÁÈ· ‰ÈÂÓ¤ÚÁÂÈ· Ù·ÎÙÈÎÒÓ ‰È·ÁˆÓÈÛÌÒÓ Î·È Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÁÓÒÌˆÓ ÁÈ· Ù· ηٷÛÙ‹Ì·Ù·
Î·È ÙȘ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂȘ Ô˘ ·Ó‹ÎÔ˘Ó ÛÙÔ EEA. TÔ 2002 ·Ó·Î˘Ú‹¯ıËΠ°˘Ó·›Î· Ù˘ XÚÔÓÈ¿˜ 2002 ·fi ÙÔ American Biographical Institute ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ΋ Î·È Â·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈ΋ Ù˘ ÚÔÛÊÔÚ¿ Î·È ÙÔ 2006ÂÓÙ¿¯ıËΠÛÙÔ Order Ôf American Ambassadors (OAA) ˆ˜ ÂÈÙÈÌË Ú¤Û‚ÂÈÚ· (2006). E˘¯fiÌ·ÛÙ ÛÙËÓ Û˘Ó¿‰ÂÏÊÔ Î·È Ê›ÏË K·Ï‹ EÈÙ˘¯›·!
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™˘Ó¤ÓÙ¢ÍË ÙÔ˘ YÊ˘Ô˘ÚÁÔ‡ AÓ¿Ù˘Í˘ Î·È ˘. BÔ˘ÏÂ˘Ù‹ ¶ÂÈÚ·È¿ T¿ÛÔ˘ NÂÚ¿ÓÙ˙Ë K‡ÚÈ NÂÚ¿ÓÙ˙Ë, ÙÈ ÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È Û ·˘Ù¤˜ ÙȘ ÂÎÏÔÁ¤˜; ™’ ·˘Ù¤˜ ÙȘ ÂÎÏÔÁ¤˜, ‰ÂÓ ı’ ·ÔÊ·Û›ÛÔ˘ÌÂ, ·ÏÒ˜ Î·È ÌfiÓÔ, ÔÈÔÈ, ı· Ì·˜ ΢‚ÂÚÓ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ÂfiÌÂÓË ÙÂÙÚ·ÂÙ›·. AÏÏ¿ ı· ÂȂ‚·ÈÒÛÔ˘ÌÂ, ·ÔÊ·ÛÈÛÙÈο, «Ò˜ ÚÔ¯ˆÚԇ̻, «Ô‡ ÚÔ¯ˆÚԇ̻. £’ ·ÔÊ·Û›ÛÔ˘ÌÂ, ·Ó ı¤ÏÔ˘ÌÂ: ñ TËÓ ‹ÚÂÌË Î·È ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÈ΋ ‰‡Ó·ÌË ÙÔ˘ KÒÛÙ· K·Ú·Ì·ÓÏ‹ Î·È ÙˆÓ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·ÙÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ‹ Ì‹ˆ˜ ÙÔ ¶A™OK, Ì ÙËÓ ›‰È·, ηٿ ‚¿ÛË, ÔϤıÚÈ· Û‡ÓıÂÛË; ñ TËÓ ·Ó·ÎÔ‡ÊÈÛË Î·È ÙËÓ ÂÏ›‰· Ô˘ ‰ËÌÈÔ‡ÚÁËÛÂ Ë ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ΋ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ Ù˘ K˘‚¤ÚÓËÛ˘ Ì ÙËÓ ·‡ÍËÛË ÙˆÓ Û˘ÓÙ¿ÍÂˆÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÂȉÔÌ¿ÙˆÓ, ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÚÁËÛË ÙˆÓ ÎÚ·Ù‹ÛÂˆÓ ÙÔ˘ §AºKA, ηıÒ˜ Î·È ÙËÓ ‰¤ÛÌ¢ÛË ÁÈ· ηıȤڈÛË Î·ÙÒÙ·Ù˘ ÂıÓÈ΋˜ Û˘Óٿ͈˜ Î·È Ù·Ì›Ԣ ÂÓ·ÓÙ›ÔÓ Ù˘ ÊÙÒ¯ÂÈ·˜. ‹ Ì‹ˆ˜ ÙË ÊÙÒ¯ÂÈ·, ÙËÓ ·ÓÂÚÁ›·, Ù· ÂÏÏ›ÌÌ·Ù·, Ô˘ ¿ÊËÛ ÙÔ ¶A™OK; ñ TËÓ ¤ÁηÈÚË ·Ú¤Ì‚·ÛË Ù˘ K˘‚¤ÚÓËÛ˘ Û ÚfiÛÊ·Ù· ÎÚÔ‡ÛÌ·Ù· Î·È ÙËÓ ·Ú·ÔÌ‹ ÙˆÓ ˘·ÈÙ›ˆÓ ÛÙË ‰ÈηÈÔÛ‡ÓË ‹ Ì‹ˆ˜ Ù· ÛοӉ·Ï· ÙÔ˘ ¯ÚËÌ·ÙÈÛÙËÚ›Ô˘, ÙˆÓ ÂÍÔÏÈÛÌÒÓ, ÙÔ˘ ÎÙËÌ·ÙÔÏÔÁ›-
Ô˘; ñ TȘ ΢‚ÂÚÓËÙÈΤ˜ ÚˆÙÔ‚Ô˘Ï›Â˜ ÁÈ· Û‡ÌÓÔÈ· Î·È ÔÌfiÓÔÈ· ‹ Ì‹ˆ˜ ÙȘ ·ÓÙÈÏ‹„ÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ¶A™OK, Ô˘ Ê·Ó·Ù›˙Ô˘Ó Î·È ‰È¯¿˙Ô˘Ó; ™’ ·˘Ù¤˜, fï˜, ÙȘ ÂÎÏÔÁ¤˜, fiˆ˜ ¿ÓÙ·, ÎÚ›ÓÂÙ·È Î·È ÔÈÔ˜ ı· Ì·˜ ÂÎÚÔÛˆ‹ÛÂÈ. K·Ù‚·›Óˆ, Î·È ¿ÏÈ, Û’ ·˘Ù¤˜ ÙȘ ÂÎÏÔÁ¤˜, Ì ÙÔ ÎÂÊ¿ÏÈ „ËÏ¿, ÙÈÌÒÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ÂÌÈÛÙÔÛ‡ÓË ÙˆÓ Û˘ÌÔÏÈÙÒÓ ÌÔ˘, ·ÏÏ¿ ÎÈ ÂΛÓË ÙÔ˘ ¶Úˆı˘Ô˘ÚÁÔ‡, Ô˘, ÁÈ· ÚÒÙË ÊÔÚ¿, fiÚÈÛ ̤ÏÔ˜ Ù˘ K˘‚¤ÚÓËÛ˘ ·fi ÙËÓ B’ ¶ÂÈÚ·È¿. K‡ÚÈ NÂÚ¿ÓÙ˙Ë, ÔÈ· Â›Ó·È Ë Û˘Ì‚ÔÏ‹ Û·˜ ÛÙÔ Î˘‚ÂÚÓËÙÈÎfi ¤ÚÁÔ ·fi ÙË ı¤ÛË ÙÔ˘ YÊ˘Ô˘ÚÁÔ‡, Ô˘ Û·˜ ÂÌÈÛÙ‡ıËÎÂ Ô Î. ¶Úˆı˘Ô˘ÚÁfi˜; H K˘‚¤ÚÓËÛË ÙÔ˘ KÒÛÙ· K·Ú·Ì·ÓÏ‹ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛ ÙȘ ÌÂÁ¿Ï˜ ÚÔÎÏ‹ÛÂȘ Ù˘ Ó¤·˜ ÂÔ¯‹˜ Î·È ıÂÌÂÏ›ˆÛ ÙËÓ Â›ÛÔ‰Ô Ù˘ EÏÏ¿‰·˜, ·fi ı¤ÛË ÈÛ¯‡Ô˜, ÛÙÔÓ 21Ô ·ÈÒÓ·. NÈÒıˆ ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈο ˘ÂÚ‹Ê·ÓÔ˜ ÁÈ·Ù› ˆ˜ ̤ÏÔ˜ Ù˘ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ ËÁÂÛ›·˜ ÙˆÓ ˘Ô˘ÚÁ›ˆÓ AÓ¿Ù˘Í˘ Î·È MÂÙ·ÊÔÚÒÓ - EÈÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÒÓ: — Û˘Ó¤‚·Ï· ÛÙËÓ ÌÂÙ·ÙÚÔ‹ Ù˘ ¯ÒÚ·˜ Û ‰ÈÂıÓ‹ ÂÓÂÚÁÂÈ·Îfi ÎfiÌ‚Ô (ÂÙÚÂÏ·È·ÁˆÁfi˜ MÔ˘Ú-
Áο˜-AÏÂÍ·Ó‰ÚÔ‡ÔÏË, ·ÁˆÁfi˜ Ê˘ÛÈÎÔ‡ ·ÂÚ›Ô˘ EÏÏ¿‰·˜-TÔ˘ÚΛ·˜- IÙ·Ï›·˜). — ÚÔÒıËÛ· ÙËÓ ÂÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÛÙËÓ ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋ ·ÁÔÚ¿ ÙˆÓ ‚ÈÔη˘Û›ÌˆÓ Î·È ÙÔ˘ Ó¤Ô˘ Ï·ÈÛ›Ô˘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·ÍÈÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ·Ó·ÓÂÒÛÈÌˆÓ ËÁÒÓ EÓ¤ÚÁÂÈ·˜ Î·È ÙËÓ Â¤ÎÙ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ Ê˘ÛÈÎÔ‡ ·ÂÚ›Ô˘. — ÛÙ‹ÚÈÍ· ÙȘ MÈÎÚÔÌÂÛ·›Â˜ EȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂȘ (ÂȉfiÙËÛË ·fi °’ K. ¶. ™, ·ÏÔÔ›ËÛË ·‰ÂÈÔ‰fiÙËÛ˘). — Û˘ÓÂÙ¤ÏÂÛ· ÛÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÚÙÈÛË Î·È „‹ÊÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ÓfiÌÔ˘ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·ÏÔÔ›ËÛË ÙÔ˘ MËÙÚÒÔ˘ N·˘ËÁÔÂÈÛ΢·ÛÙÈÎÒÓ EȯÂÈÚ‹ÛˆÓ, ÒÛÙ ӷ ÌÂȈı› Ë ·ÓÂÚÁ›· ÙÔ˘ ÎÏ¿‰Ô˘ Î·È Ó· ÛÙËÚȯıÔ‡Ó ÔÈ ÂÁ¯ÒÚȘ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂȘ.
— Û˘Ó‰È·ÌfiÚʈ۷ ÙÔ Ó¤Ô Ï·›ÛÈÔ ÙˆÓ ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÓÈÎÒÓ ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÒÓ, Ì ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· Ó· ·ÔÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔ˘Ì ۋÌÂÚ· ÊıËÓ‹ ÙËÏÂʈӛ· Î·È ÿÓÙÂÚÓÂÙ, ÚÔˆıÒÓÙ·˜ Ù·˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓ· ÙËÓ E˘Ú˘˙ˆÓÈÎfiÙËÙ·. H B’ ¶ÂÈÚ·È¿, fiÔ˘ ÂÎϤÁÂÛÙÂ, ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›˙ÂÈ ÔÏÏ¿ ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù·. Œ¯ÂÈ ÌÂÙ·‚ÏËı› ·˘Ù‹ Ë Î·Ù¿ÛÙ·ÛË Ù· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ÙÚÈ¿ÌÈÛÈ ¯ÚfiÓÈ·; ŸÏ· ·˘Ù¿ Ù· ¯ÚfiÓÈ·, Ô˘ ·Û¯ÔÏÔ‡Ì·È Ì ٷ ÎÔÈÓ¿, ÚÔÛ¿ıËÛ· ·fi ηډȿ˜ Ó· ·Ó·‰Â›Íˆ Î·È Ó· ÂÈχۈ ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· Ù· ÔÔ›· Ù·Ï¿ÓÈ˙·Ó ÙË ˙ˆ‹ Ì·˜ ÛÙȘ ÁÂÈÙÔÓȤ˜ Ù˘ B’ ¶ÂÈÚ·È¿, ÂÂȉ‹ οÔÈÔÈ ÚÔÙÈÌÔ‡Û·Ó Ó· ÂıÂÏÔÙ˘ÊÏÔ‡Ó. T· ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›· ÙÚÈ¿ÌÈÛÈ ¯ÚfiÓÈ·, ÚˆÙÔÛÙ¿ÙËÛ· ÛÙËÓ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ Ù˘ ΢‚ÂÚÓËÙÈ΋˜ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ¿ Ì·˜, Ô˘ ¤ÊÂÚÂ, ÌÂٷ͇ ¿ÏψÓ: — ÙËÓ Â·Ó¿ÛÙ·ÛË ÛÙȘ Û˘ÁÎÔÈӈӛ˜ Ì ÙËÓ ·ÓÙÈηٿÛÙ·ÛË fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ ·Ï·ÈÒÓ ÏˆÊÔÚ›ˆÓ, ÙËÓ Î·ıȤڈÛË Ó¤ˆÓ ‰ÚÔÌÔÏÔÁ›ˆÓ Î·È ÙËÓ ‡ÎÓˆÛË ÙˆÓ ÁÚ·ÌÌÒÓ. — ÙË ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË ÙˆÓ ÙËÏÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÒÓ Ì ÙËÓ Â¤ÎÙ·ÛË ‰ÈÎÙ‡ˆÓ Î·È ÙËÓ ·Ó·‚¿ıÌÈÛË Î¤ÓÙÚˆÓ ÁÈ· ÁÚËÁÔÚfiÙÂÚË ÚfiÛ‚·ÛË ÛÙÔ internet.
— ÙËÓ ÂȉfiÙËÛË ÔÏÏÒÓ ÌÈÎÚÔÌÂÛ·›ˆÓ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ Ì¤Ûˆ ÙÔ˘ °’ KÔÈÓÔÙÈÎÔ‡ ¶Ï·ÈÛ›Ô˘ ™Ù‹ÚÈ͢. — ÙËÓ Â›Ï˘ÛË ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ¿ÙˆÓ ËÏÂÎÙÚÔ‰fiÙËÛ˘ Ô˘ ¯ÚfiÓÈ˙·Ó Î·È ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÚÁËÛË ÛȉÂÚ¤ÓÈˆÓ ˘ÏÒÓˆÓ ˘„ËÏ‹˜ Ù¿Û˘. — ÙËÓ ·Ú¤Ì‚·ÛË ÛÙË ZÒÓË Î·È ÙËÓ ·Ó·Î›ÓËÛË Ù˘ ·ÔÌ¿ÎÚ˘ÓÛ˘ ÙˆÓ Î·˙·ÓÈÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ¶ÂÚ¿Ì·ÙÔ˜. — ÙËÓ ·ÍÈÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ ÓÙ·Ì·ÚÈÒÓ ÛÙÔ ™¯ÈÛÙfi KÔÚ˘‰·ÏÏÔ‡. K·È ·˘Ù¿ Â›Ó·È ÌfiÓÔÓ Ë ·Ú¯‹. M·˜ ÂÚÈ̤ÓÂÈ ÔÏÏ‹ ‰Ô˘ÏÂÈ¿ ·ÏÏ¿ Ù· ıÂ̤ÏÈ· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÌÂÈ. XˆÚ›˜ ‰ËÌ·ÁˆÁ›Â˜ Î·È Â͈ڷ˚ÛÌÔ‡˜, Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈο Î·È ÌÂıÔ‰Èο, ÂÈÏ‡Ô˘Ì ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· Ù˘ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹˜ Î·È ‚ÂÏÙÈÒÓÔ˘Ì ÙËÓ Î·ıËÌÂÚÈÓfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ ÔÏÈÙÒÓ. ÕÏψÛÙÂ, ÂÓÒÓÔÓÙ·˜ ÙȘ ‰˘Ó¿ÌÂȘ Ì·˜ Ì fiÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ Ôϛ٘ ÌÔÚԇ̠·ÎfiÌË ÈÔ ÔÏÏ¿. °È· ·˘Ùfi ÛÙȘ 16 ™ÂÙÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘ ÙÔ˘˜ ηÏÒ Ó· ÂÈ‚Ú·‚‡ÛÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ·ÊÔÛ›ˆÛ‹ ÌÔ˘ ÛÙË B’ ¶ÂÈÚ·È¿ Î·È Ó· ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÛÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ·Ó¿ÁÎË ÂÎÚÔÛÒËÛ˘ Ù˘ ÂÚÈʤÚÂÈ·˜ Î·È ÛÙË Ó¤· ΢‚¤ÚÓËÛË ÙÔ˘ KÒÛÙ· K·Ú·Ì·ÓÏ‹.
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OÈ ÂÓÙÔϤ˜ Ù˘ ËÁÂÛ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ À¶OIO ÚÔ˜ ÙȘ ∂ÊÔڛ˜
«º‡ÏÏÔ Î·È ÊÙÂÚfi» Ù· ‚È‚Ï›· ¯ˆÚ›˜ ‰È·ÎÚ›ÛÂȘ Î·È ÂÍ·ÈÚ¤ÛÂȘ ÙËÓ ÂÓÙÔÏ‹ «ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ¿ÓÙ˜ ¯ˆÚ›˜ ‰È·ÎÚ›ÛÂȘ Î·È ÂÍ·ÈÚ¤ÛÂȘ» ·ÔÙ˘ÒÓÂÙ·È Ë ·fiÊ·ÛË Ù˘ ÔÏÈÙÈ΋˜ ËÁÂÛ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ˘Ô˘ÚÁ›Ԣ OÈÎÔÓÔÌ›·˜ Î·È OÈÎÔÓÔÌÈÎÒÓ Ó· ·Ù¿ÍÂÈ Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓ· ÊÔÚÔ‰È·Ê˘Á‹˜, οÓÔÓÙ·˜ «Ê‡ÏÏÔ Î·È ÊÙÂÚfi» Ù· ‚È‚Ï›· ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ Î·È ÂÏ¢ı¤ÚˆÓ ·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈÒÓ, ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ ·‡ÍËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ÂÛfi‰ˆÓ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔ¸ÔÏÔÁÈÛÌÔ‡ Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó ˘ÛÙ¤ÚËÛË ÂÚ›Ô˘ 447 ÂηÙ. ¢ÚÒ. O ˘Ê˘Ô˘ÚÁfi˜ OÈÎÔÓÔÌ›·˜ Î·È OÈÎÔÓÔÌÈÎÒÓ Î. ∞ÓÙ. ª¤˙·˜ Û ۇÛÎÂ„Ë Ô˘ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔ›ËÛ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ Û˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙ¤˜ ÙˆÓ 21 ∂ȉÈÎÒÓ ™˘ÓÂÚÁ›ˆÓ ¶ÚÔÏËÙÈÎÔ‡ ∂ϤÁ¯Ô˘, ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÙÔ˘ ÁÂÓÈÎÔ‡ ÁÚ·ÌÌ·Ù¤· ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ Î·È ÙÂψÓÂÈ·ÎÒÓ ıÂÌ¿ÙˆÓ Î. ¡. ∞Ó‰ÚÈ·ÓfiÔ˘ÏÔ˘ Î·È ÛÙÂϯÒÓ Ù˘ ÎÂÓÙÚÈ΋˜ ˘ËÚÂÛ›·˜, ¤‰ˆÛÂ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤Ó˜ Î·È ·˘ÛÙËÚ¤˜ Ô‰ËÁ›Â˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ Ì ÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔÈÔ‡Ó ÙÔ˘˜ ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘˜ ÔÈ 275 ÂȉÈÎÔ› ÂÏÂÁÎÙ¤˜ Ô˘ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È Û ‰Ò‰Âη ÓÔÌÔ‡˜ Ù˘ ¯ÒÚ·˜, ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ‰ÒÛÔ˘Ó È‰È·›ÙÂÚË ‚·Ú‡ÙËÙ· fi¯È ÌfiÓÔ ÛÙÔÓ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ÙˆÓ ‚È‚Ï›ˆÓ Î·È ÛÙËÓ ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹ ÙˆÓ ‰ËÏÒÛÂˆÓ º.¶.∞., ·ÏÏ¿ Ù·˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓ· Î·È ÛÙËÓ ¤Î‰ÔÛË ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ. ¶ÚÒÙ· ·’ fiÏ· fï˜ η٤ÛÙËÛ ۷ʤ˜ fiÙÈ ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÂÓÙÔ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Î·È Ó· ÂϤÁ¯ÔÓÙ·È Û˘¯ÓfiÙÂÚ· ÔÈ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ·Ú·‚·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·, fiˆ˜
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.¯. fiϘ ÔÈ ·Ú·ÏȷΤ˜ Ô‰Ô›, Ï·Ù›˜, Ô˘˙ÂÚ›, ΤÓÙÚ· ‰È·ÛΤ‰·Û˘, Ù·‚¤ÚÓ˜, Ì·Ú, Û fiϘ ÙȘ ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÙÈΤ˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜, ·ÏÏ¿ ·ÎfiÌË Î·È ÔÈ ·Ú·Ï›Â˜-Ï·˙, Ì·Á·˙È¿ ÙÔ˘ÚÈÛÙÈÎÒÓ ÂȉÒÓ, ÍÂÓԉԯ›·, ¯ÒÚÔÈ ÛÙ¿ıÌ¢Û˘, ΤÓÙÚ· ÂÛÙÈ¿Ûˆ˜ Î.Ï. ¶Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Á›ÓÂÈ «Û˘Ó›‰ËÛË» ÛÙËÓ ·ÁÔÚ¿, ÙfiÓÈÛÂ, fiÙÈ ÔÈ ÂÏÂÁÎÙ¤˜ Â›Ó·È ¿ÓÙ· ÌÚÔÛÙ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È ‰ÂÓ ·Ê‹ÓÔ˘Ó Î·Ó¤Ó·Ó Â·ÁÁÂÏÌ·Ù›· ·Ó¤ÏÂÁÎÙÔ, ¯ˆÚ›˜ fï˜ ·˘Ùfi Ó· ÛË-
Ì·›ÓÂÈ fiÙÈ ÔÈ ÂÏÂÁÎÙ¤˜ ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ̤ÓÔ˘Ó Ôχ ÒÚ· ̤۷ ÛÙȘ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂȘ. ∞Í›˙ÂÈ Ó· ÛËÌÂȈı› fiÙÈ Ô Î. ª¤˙·˜, ÁÈ· ÌÈ· ·ÎfiÌË ÊÔÚ¿, ÂÂÛ‹Ì·Ó ÛÙ· ÛÙÂϤ¯Ë ÙÔ˘ ÂÏÂÁÎÙÈÎÔ‡ Ì˯·ÓÈÛÌÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ˘Ô˘ÚÁ›Ԣ fiÙÈ Ë Î˘‚¤ÚÓËÛË Â›Ó·È ·ÔÊ·ÛÈṲ̂ÓË Ó· ÌËÓ ·Ó¯ı› ηӤӷ Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓÔ ·Ú·‚·ÙÈ΋˜ Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿˜ ÛÙËÓ ¿ÛÎËÛË ÙˆÓ Î·ıËÎfiÓÙˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÂÏÂÁÎÙÒÓ, ˘ÔÁÚ·ÌÌ›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ Ì ¤ÌÊ·ÛË fiÙÈ «Â¿Ó ‰È·ÈÛÙÒ-
∆È ˙‹ÙËÛ £· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·Ó·ÊÂÚı› fiÙÈ Ô Î. ª¤˙·˜ ˙‹ÙËÛ ÂȉÈο ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ 275 ÂÏÂÁÎÙ¤˜ Ù· ÂÍ‹˜: 1. ¡· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ¿ÓÙ· Ì·˙› ÙÔ˘˜ ÙËÓ Ù·˘ÙfiÙËÙ· Î·È ÙËÓ ÂÓÙÔÏ‹ ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘. 2. ¡· ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘Ó ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÏ¿Ù˜ ηٿ ÙËÓ ¤ÍÔ‰Ô ·fi ÙÔ Î·Ù¿ÛÙËÌ· ÒÏËÛ˘ ·Á·ıÒÓ ‹ ·ÚÔ¯‹˜ ˘ËÚÂÛÈÒÓ, Â¿Ó ¤¯Ô˘Ó ¿ÚÂÈ ·fi‰ÂÈÍË. 3. OÈ ¤ÏÂÁ¯ÔÈ Ó· Â›Ó·È ÁÚ‹ÁÔÚÔÈ Î·È ·ıfiÚ˘‚ÔÈ. 4. ™ÙÔ Î·Ù¿ÛÙËÌ· Ó· Ì·›ÓÔ˘Ó ÁÈ· ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ÌfiÓÔ ·Ó ‰ÂÓ ¤¯ÂÈ ÂΉÔı› ·fi‰ÂÈÍË. 5. ∏ ›ÛÔ‰Ô˜ Î·È ¤ÍÔ‰Ô˜ ·fi ÙÔ Î·Ù¿ÛÙËÌ· Ó· Á›ÓÂÙ·È Ì ¢ڤÂÈ· ¯ˆÚ›˜ ¤·ÚÛË Î·È ÊˆÓ¤˜. 6. ∏ ›ÛÔ‰Ô˜ ÂÓÙfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ¯ÒÚÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ηٷÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Â›Ó·È ··Ú·›ÙËÙË Û ٷ‚¤ÚÓ˜, Ì·Ú, ηÊÂÓ›·, ΤÓÙÚ· ‰È·ÛΤ‰·Û˘, Ô˘˙ÂÚ› Î.Ï., ÚÔÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ Ó· Á›ÓÂÙ·È ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ÁÈ· ¤Î‰ÔÛË ·Ô‰Â›ÍÂˆÓ ÛÙ· ÙÚ·¤˙È· Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÛÂÚ‚ÈÚÈÛÙ›. ™ÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÎÔ› ·Ô‰Â›ÍÂȘ Û˘ÓÙ¿ÛÛÂÙ·È ÀËÚÂÛÈ·Îfi ™ËÌ›ˆÌ· ∂ϤÁ¯Ô˘ Ì ÙȘ ·Ú·‚¿ÛÂȘ Î·È ·Ú·‰›‰ÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ Âȯ›ÚËÛË. 7. ™Â ¯ÒÚÔ˘˜ ÛÙ¿ıÌ¢Û˘ ·˘ÙÔÎÈÓ‹ÙˆÓ, ÍÂÓԉԯ›·, ÊÚÔÓÙÈÛÙ‹ÚÈ·, Ê˘ÛÈÔıÂÚ·Â˘Ù‹ÚÈ· Î.Ï., Ô ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ Ó· Á›ÓÂÙ·È ÂÓÙfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ¯ÒÚÔ˘ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜.
ÛÔ˘Ì ÔÙȉ‹ÔÙ ‹ ˘¿ÚÍÔ˘Ó Î·Ù·ÁÁÂϛ˜ ı· ›̷ÛÙ ·Ì›ÏÈÎÙÔÈ. ∆· ÂȉÈο Û˘ÓÂÚÁ›· ÚÔÏËÙÈÎÔ‡ ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÙËÓ ÂÈÎfiÓ· Ù˘ ˘ËÚÂÛ›·˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÔ˘Ì¤ÓÔ˘˜ Î·È Ë Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Â›Ó·È ¿„ÔÁË. ŸÛÔÈ ˘¿ÏÏËÏÔÈ Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ÎÚ›ÛË Û·˜ ‰ÂÓ ·ÓÙ·ÔÎÚ›ÓÔÓÙ·È Ì ¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÛÙ· ηı‹ÎÔÓÙ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ Ó· οÓÂÙ ÂÈÛ‹ÁËÛË ÁÈ· ·ÓÙÈηٿÛÙ·ÛË». ™ÎÔfi˜ ÙˆÓ ÂȉÈÎÒÓ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ›ˆÓ, ÂÎÙfi˜ ·fi ÙË Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Ì ÙÔ˘˜ Ôϛ٘ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ··Ú·›ÙËÙË ÚÔ¸fiıÂÛË ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Â›Ù¢ÍË ÙˆÓ ÛÙfi¯ˆÓ ÙÔ˘˜, fiˆ˜ ÙfiÓÈÛÂ Ô Î. ª¤˙·˜, ÚˆÙ›ÛÙˆ˜: ·) Ô ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ÛÙË ‰È·Î›ÓËÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÌÔÚÂ˘Ì¿ÙˆÓ, ‰ËÏ·‰‹ Â¿Ó Ù· ÌÂÙ·ÊÂÚfiÌÂÓ· ÛÙÔ˘˜ ‰ÚfiÌÔ˘˜ ·Á·ı¿ (ÂÌÔÚ‡̷ٷ) Ì ÔÔÈÔÓ‰‹ÔÙ ÙÚfiÔ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈο ÛÙÔȯ›·. ‚) Ô ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô˜ ÛÙËÓ ¤Î‰ÔÛË Î·È Ï‹„Ë ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ Û fiϘ ÙȘ Û˘Ó·ÏÏ·Á¤˜ Ô˘ ı· ¤ÛÔ˘Ó ÛÙËÓ ·ÓÙ›ÏË„‹ ÙÔ˘˜. Á) Ó· ÂÚ¿ÛÂÈ ÙÔ Ì‹Ó˘Ì· ÛÙÔÓ ÔÏ›ÙË, fiÙÈ ¤¯ÂÈ ˘Ô¯Ú¤ˆÛË Ó· ˙ËÙ¿ Î·È Ó· ·›ÚÓÂÈ ·Ô‰Â›ÍÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙȘ ·ÁÔÚ¤˜ ÙÔ˘. OÈ ¡ÔÌÔ› ÀÂÓı˘Ì›˙ÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Ê¤ÙÔ˜ ·fi ÙȘ 16 ª·ÚÙ›Ô˘, Ù· ∂ȉÈο ™˘ÓÂÚÁ›· ¶ÚÔÏËÙÈ™˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÛÙË ÛÂÏ. 15
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¶A.™.¶.I.º / A.P.LI.F.HI
¶ANE§§HNIO™ ™Y§§O°O™ ¶TYXIOYXøN I™¶ANIKH™ ºI§O§O°IA™ ASOCIACIÓN PANHELÉNICA DE LICENCIADOS EN FILOLOGÍA HISPÁNICA AÁ·ËÙÔ› ™˘Ó¿‰ÂÏÊÔÈ, ¶ÚfiÛÊ·Ù· ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ‹ıËÎÂ Ô ¶AÓÂÏÏ‹ÓÈÔ˜ ™‡ÏÏÔÁÔ˜ ¶Ù˘¯ÈÔ‡¯ˆÓ IÛ·ÓÈ΋˜ ºÈÏÔÏÔÁ›·˜, Ì ÛÎÔfi: ñ ÙË Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· ÌÂٷ͇ ÙˆÓ ÌÂÏÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ñ ÙË Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Ì ÊÔÚ›˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·Ó·‚¿ıÌÈÛË ÙˆÓ ÛÔ˘‰ÒÓ Î·È ÙËÓ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈÍË ÚˆÙÔ‚Ô˘ÏÈÒÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ Î·È Â·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ʇÛ˘ ñ ÙË ‰ÈÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÛË ÔÏÈÙÈÛÙÈÎÒÓ, ÂÈÌÔÚʈÙÈÎÒÓ Î.·. ÂΉËÏÒÛˆÓ, ·ÏÏ¿ ñ ΢ڛˆ˜ ÙËÓ ¤ÓÙ·ÍË ÛÙË ¢ËÌfiÛÈ· Âη›‰Â˘ÛË Ù˘ ‰È‰·Ûηϛ·˜ Ù˘ ÈÛ·ÓÈ΋˜ ˆ˜ ͤÓË ÁÏÒÛÛ· ÂÈÏÔÁ‹˜ Î·È ÙË ÛÙÂϤ¯ˆÛË ÙˆÓ Û¯ÔÏÈÎÒÓ ÌÔÓ¿‰ˆÓ ·fi ·ÔÊÔ›ÙÔ˘˜ IÛ·ÓÈ΋˜ °ÏÒÛÛ·˜ Î·È ºÈÏÔÏÔÁ›·˜. ™Ù· Ï·›ÛÈ· ·˘ÙÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ÛÎÔÔ‡, Ô Û‡ÏÏÔÁfi˜ Ì·˜ ÚÔÙ›ıÂÙ·È ·ÊÂÓfi˜, Ó· ÂȉÈÒÍÂÈ Â·Ê¤˜ Ì ·ÚÌfi‰È· ÛÙÂϤ¯Ë ÙÔ˘ YÔ˘ÚÁ›Ԣ ¶·È‰Â›·˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ¶·È‰·ÁˆÁÈÎÔ‡ IÓÛÙÈÙÔ‡ÙÔ˘ Î·È ·ÊÂÙ¤ÚÔ˘, ÛÂ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· Ì ¢È¢ı˘ÓÙ¤˜ Û¯ÔÏ›ˆÓ, Ó· ÍÂÎÈÓ‹ÛÂÈ ÂÓË̤ڈÛË ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ Û˘ÏÏfiÁˆÓ ÁÔÓ¤ˆÓ ÁÈ· ÙË ¯ÚËÛÈÌfiÙËÙ· Î·È ÙËÓ ÂÌ‚¤ÏÂÈ· ‰ÈÂıÓÒ˜ Ù˘ IÛ·ÓÈ΋˜ ÁÏÒÛÛ·˜. M ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ ·˘Ùfi, ÂÏ›˙Ô˘Ì fiÙÈ ı· ·˘ÍËı› ÙÔ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓ Î·È Ë ˙‹ÙËÛË Ù˘ ‰È‰·Ûηϛ·˜ Ù˘ ·fi ÁÔÓ›˜ Î·È Ì·ıËÙ¤˜, ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ Ô˘ ı· ‚ÔËı‹ÛÂÈ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈο ÛÙËÓ ÔÚÈÛÙÈ΋ Î·È ÌfiÓÈÌË ¤ÓÙ·Í‹ Ù˘ ÛÙË ‰ËÌfiÛÈ· Âη›‰Â˘ÛË. TÔ ¢ÈÔÈÎËÙÈÎfi ™˘Ì‚Ô‡ÏÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ¶A™¶Iº ıˆÚ› ˆ˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Â›Ù¢ÍË ÙˆÓ ·Ú·¿Óˆ ÛÙfi¯ˆÓ Â›Ó·È ··Ú·›ÙËÙË Ë ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈÔÔ›ËÛË fiÏˆÓ Î·È Î·Ï› ÙÔ˘ ·Ó· ÙËÓ EÏÏ¿‰· ηıËÁËÙ¤˜ IÛ·ÓÈ΋˜ Ó· ÛÙÂϯÒÛÔ˘Ó ÙÔÓ ™‡ÏÏÔÁfi Î·È Ó· ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÛÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ¿ ÙÔ˘.
T· ̤ÏË ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÏÏfiÁÔ˘ ÂÁÁÚ¿ÊÔÓÙ·È ˆ˜: A) T·ÎÙÈο (Ù˘¯ÈÔ‡¯ÔÈ IÛ·ÓÈ΋˜ ºÈÏÔÏÔÁ›·˜ EÏÏËÓÈÎÔ‡ ‹ AÏÏÔ‰·Ô‡ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘) ˘Ô‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙ·˜ Ù· ÂÍ‹˜ ‰ÈηÈÔÏÔÁËÙÈο: 1. A›ÙËÛË ÂÁÁÚ·Ê‹˜ (ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ Û‡ÓÙÔÌÔ ‚ÈÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi). 2. AÓÙ›ÁÚ·ÊÔ ‚·ÛÈÎÔ‡ Ù›ÙÏÔ˘ ÛÔ˘‰ÒÓ. 3. AÓÙ›ÁÚ·ÊÔ ·Ó·ÁÓÒÚÈÛ˘ ÈÛÔÙÈÌ›·˜ Î·È ·ÓÙÈÛÙÔȯ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚·ÛÈÎÔ‡ Ù›ÙÏÔ˘ ÛÔ˘‰ÒÓ ·fi ÙÔ ¢IKAT™A /
¢OATA¶ , Û ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË Ô˘ ·˘Ùfi˜ ¤¯ÂÈ ·ÔÎÙËı› ÛÙËÓ ·ÏÏÔ‰·‹. B) ¢fiÎÈÌ· (ÊÔÈÙËÙ¤˜ IÛ·ÓÈ΋˜ ºÈÏÔÏÔÁ›·˜, Ì ٷ ›‰È· ‰ÈηÈÒÌ·Ù· Ì ٷ Ù·ÎÙÈο, ÂÎÙfi˜ ·˘ÙÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ÂÎϤÁÂÛı·È) ˘Ô‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙ·˜ Ù· ÂÍ‹˜ ‰ÈηÈÔÏÔÁËÙÈο: 1. A›ÙËÛË ÂÁÁÚ·Ê‹˜ (ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ Û‡ÓÙÔÌÔ ‚ÈÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi). 2. AÓÙ›ÁÚ·ÊÔ ·Ó·Ï˘ÙÈ΋˜ ‚·ıÌÔÏÔÁ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ÔÈΛԢ ÙÌ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ·fi ÙËÓ ÔÔ›· Ó· ÚÔ·ÙÂÈ Ë ÂÈÙ˘¯‹˜ ÂͤٷÛË ÙÔ˘ ÊÔÈÙËÙ‹ ÛÙ· 3/4 ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÓÔÏÈÎÔ‡ ·ÚÈıÌÔ‡ ÙˆÓ ··ÈÙÔ‡ÌÂÓˆÓ ÁÈ· ÙË Ï‹„Ë ÙÔ˘ Ù˘¯›Ô˘ Ì·ıËÌ¿ÙˆÓ. 3. ¶ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ÛÔ˘‰ÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ÔÈΛԢ ÙÌ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ‹, ÂÏÏ›„ÂÈ ·˘ÙÔ‡, ‚‚·›ˆÛË Ù˘ ÔÈΛ·˜ °Ú·ÌÌ·Ù›·˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ Û˘ÓÔÏÈÎfi ·ÚÈıÌfi ÙˆÓ ··ÈÙÔ‡ÌÂÓˆÓ ÁÈ· ÙË Ï‹„Ë ÙÔ˘ Ù˘¯›Ô˘ Ì·ıËÌ¿ÙˆÓ. EÊfiÛÔÓ ÂÁÎÚÈı› Ë ·›ÙËÛ‹ ·fi ÙÔ ¢.™. ÙÔ˘ ™˘ÏÏfiÁÔ˘, Ë ÂÙ‹ÛÈ· Û˘Ó‰ÚÔÌ‹ ÁÈ· Ù· Ù·ÎÙÈο ÌÂÏË Â›Ó·È 50 ¢ÚÒ Î·È ÁÈ· Ù· ‰fiÎÈÌ· 25 ¢ÚÒ. ¶ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜ Î·È ÂÁÁڷʤ˜: ñ M¤Ûˆ ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÓÈÎÔ‡ Ù·¯˘‰ÚÔÌ›Ԣ ÛÙË ‰È‡ı˘ÓÛË: [email protected] ñ T·¯˘‰ÚÔÌÈο ÛÙË ‰È‡ı˘ÓÛË ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÏÏfiÁÔ˘ Ì·˜: ¶A.™.¶.I.º/ A.P.LI.F.HI Aη‰ËÌ›·˜ 63, 3Ô˜ fiÚÔÊÔ˜, ÁÚ·ÊÂ›Ô 11. T.K. 10678, A£HNA ñ TËÏ. ÛÙo: 6943 - 701085 ñ º·Í ÛÙÔ: 210 - 3825708
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™˘Ó‰ÚÔÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ ‰ÈηÛÙÈÎÔ‡ ÙÌ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ¢OY
ªÂ Ó¤· Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·Ù· ÔÈ ÊÔÚÔ¤ÏÂÁ¯ÔÈ ÂÙ·ÈÚÂÈÒÓ Î·È Â·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈÒÓ ÙËÓ ˘ÈÔı¤ÙËÛË Ó¤·˜ ÌÂıÔ‰ÔÏÔÁ›·˜ fiÛÔÓ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÙÔÓ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ Î·È ÂÏ¢ı¤ÚˆÓ ·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈÒÓ ÚÔÛ·Ó·ÙÔÏ›˙ÂÙ·È Ë ÔÏÈÙÈ΋ ËÁÂÛ›· ÙÔ˘ ˘Ô˘ÚÁ›Ԣ OÈÎÔÓÔÌ›·˜ Î·È OÈÎÔÓÔÌÈÎÒÓ, Ì ÛÙfi¯Ô fi¯È ÌfiÓÔ Ó· ‰È¢ÎÔÏ˘ÓıÔ‡Ó ÔÈ ÂÏÂÁÎÙ¤˜ ÛÙÔ ¤ÚÁÔ ÙÔ˘˜, ·ÏÏ¿ ΢ڛˆ˜ Ó· ÂÈÙ¢¯ıÔ‡Ó Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈÎfiÙÂÚ· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù·. ŒÙÛÈ, ÂÎÙfi˜ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ 2.200 ÊÔÚËÙÔ‡˜ ˘ÔÏÔÁÈÛÙ¤˜ Ô˘ ı· ÂÊԉȷÛÙ› Ô ÂÏÂÁÎÙÈÎfi˜ Ì˯·ÓÈÛÌfi˜ ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ ÂÈÙ¿¯˘ÓÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ‰È·‰ÈηÛÈÒÓ Î·Ù¿ ÙË ‰ÈÂÓ¤ÚÁÂÈ· ÙˆÓ ÂϤÁ¯ˆÓ, ÔÈ ÂÏÂÁÎÙ¤˜ ı· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÙË ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· ÚÈÓ ÍÂÎÈÓ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÙÔÓ ÚÔÛˆÚÈÓfi ‹ Ù·ÎÙÈÎfi ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ÛÙËÓ Âȯ›ÚËÛË ‹ ÙÔÓ ÂχıÂÚÔ Â·ÁÁÂÏÌ·Ù›· Ó· ˙ËÙÔ‡Ó Ù·˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓ· ·fi ÙÔ ‰ÈηÛÙÈÎfi ÙÌ‹Ì· Ù˘ ∂ÊÔÚ›·˜ Û¯ÂÙÈÎfi ÛËÌ›ˆÌ· ÁÈ· ÙÔ ‡„Ô˜ ÙˆÓ Ù˘¯fiÓ ‚‚·ÈˆÌ¤ÓˆÓ Î·È ÏËÍÈÚfiıÂÛÌˆÓ ÔÊÂÈÏÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ÂÏÂÁ¯fiÌÂÓÔ˘ ÂÈÙË‰Â˘Ì·Ù›· ‹ ·ÓÙ›ÁÚ·ÊÔ Ù˘ ÂÈÎfiÓ·˜ ÙˆÓ ÔÊÂÈÏÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ·fi ÙÔ Ì˯·-
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ÓÔÁÚ·ÊÈÎfi Û‡ÛÙËÌ· Û˘ÌÏËڈ̤ÓÔ Î·È Ì ÙȘ ÔÊÂÈϤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ·fi ¿ÏϘ ¢OY. ªÂ ÙËÓ ¤Ó·ÚÍË ÙÔ˘ ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘ Ô ÂÏÂÁÎÙ‹˜ ı· ÎÔÈÓÔÔÈ› ÛÙËÓ Âȯ›ÚËÛË Ù· ‚‚·ÈˆÌ¤Ó· ηÈ
ÏËÍÈÚfiıÂÛÌ· ¯Ú¤Ë Ù˘, ÂÓÒ Ô ÂÈÙË‰Â˘Ì·Ù›·˜ ı· ηÏÂ›Ù·È Ó· ÚÔ¯ˆÚ‹ÛÂÈ ¿ÌÂÛ· ÛÙËÓ ÂÍfiÊÏËÛË ÙˆÓ ÏËÍÈÚfiıÂÛÌˆÓ ÔÊÂÈÏÒÓ ÙÔ˘. £· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·Ó·ÊÂÚı› fiÙÈ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ˘fi¯ÚÂÔ˘˜
Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ÚÔÛ¤Ú¯ÔÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ∂ÊÔÚ›· ÁÈ· Ó· Ù·ÎÙÔÔÈ‹ÛÔ˘Ó Ù· ¯Ú¤Ë ÙÔ˘˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ ¢ËÌfiÛÈÔ ı· ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙ·È Ù· ·Ó·ÁηÛÙÈο ̤ÙÚ· ›Ûڷ͢ ÙˆÓ ÔÊÂÈÏÒÓ, fiˆ˜ ηٿۯÂÛË Â-
∆˘¯·›Ô ‰Â›ÁÌ· ∂ÈÛËÌ·›ÓÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ÔÛÔÛÙfi ¤ˆ˜ Î·È 10% ÙˆÓ ÂÈÏÂÁfiÌÂÓˆÓ ÁÈ· ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ˘Ôı¤ÛÂˆÓ ı· ÚÔ¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ·fi Ù˘¯·›Ô ‰Â›ÁÌ· ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ó· Û˘ÓÙÚ¤¯Ô˘Ó Ù· ·Ú·¿Óˆ ÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈ·. ∫·Ù¿ ÙÔÓ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ÙˆÓ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ Ì ÂÎÎÚÂÌ›˜ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ˘Ôı¤ÛÂȘ, ·ÓÂÍ¿ÚÙËÙ· ·fi ÙÔ Â›‰Ô˜ Ù˘ ·ÛÎÔ‡ÌÂÓ˘ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È ÙËÓ Î·ÙËÁÔÚ›· ÙˆÓ ÙËÚÔ‡ÌÂÓˆÓ ‚È‚Ï›ˆÓ, ı· ‰ÈÂÓÂÚÁÔ‡ÓÙ·È ˘Ô¯ÚˆÙÈο ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ ÔÈ ·ÎfiÏÔ˘ı˜ ·ÏËı‡ÛÂȘ: 1. ∞Ó ÙËÚ‹ıËÎ·Ó Ù· ‚È‚Ï›· Î·È ÛÙÔȯ›· Ô˘ ÚԂϤÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ ∫µ™. 2. ∞Ó Ù· ‚È‚Ï›· ÙËÚ‹ıËÎ·Ó Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙȘ ‰È·Ù¿ÍÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ∫µ™. 3. ∂¿Ó ηٷ¯ˆÚ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÔÚı¿ ÛÙ· ‚È‚Ï›· ÔÈ ÏÈ·ÓÈΤ˜ ˆÏ‹ÛÂȘ (·fi Ù· ·ıÚÔ›ÛÌ·Ù· «∑» ÙˆÓ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ Ù·ÌÈ·ÎÒÓ Ì˯·ÓÒÓ), ÔÈ ·Ô‰Â›ÍÂȘ ·ÚÔ¯‹˜ ˘ËÚÂÛÈÒÓ, ÔÈ ¯ÔÓ‰ÚÈΤ˜ ˆÏ‹ÛÂȘ (·fi Ù· ÔÈΛ· ÙÈÌÔÏfiÁÈ· ÒÏËÛ˘) Î·È ÁÂÓÈο Ù· ¿Û˘ ʇÛˆ˜ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· ÂÛfi‰ˆÓ ÁÈ· ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· ÔˆÛ‰‹ÔÙ ÂÓfi˜ ÌËÓfi˜ οı ‰È·¯ÂÈÚÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ÂÚÈfi-
‰Ô˘. 4. ∂¿Ó ÂΉfiıËÎ·Ó ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ· ÙÈÌÔÏfiÁÈ· ÒÏËÛ˘ ‹ ·Ô‰Â›ÍÂȘ ÏÈ·ÓÈ΋˜ ÒÏËÛ˘ Î·È ÁÂÓÈÎÒ˜ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈο ÛÙÔȯ›· ·Í›·˜ ÁÈ· Ù· ÂΉÔı¤ÓÙ· ‰ÂÏÙ›· ·ÔÛÙÔÏ‹˜ ˆ˜ Î·È ÁÈ· Ù˘¯fiÓ ¤ÛÔ‰· Ô˘ ÚÔ·ÙÔ˘Ó ·fi ˘¿Ú¯ÔÓÙ· Û˘ÌʈÓËÙÈο. 5. ∂¿Ó ηχÙÔÓÙ·È Ì ÓfiÌÈÌ· ‰ÈηÈÔÏÔÁËÙÈο ÂÈÛÙÚÔʤ˜ Î·È ÂÎÙÒÛÂȘ ÁÈ· ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· ÔˆÛ‰‹ÔÙ ÂÓfi˜ ÌËÓfi˜ οı ‰È·¯ÂÈÚÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ÂÚÈfi‰Ô˘ Î·È ¤Ú·Ó ·˘ÙÔ‡ ηٿ ÙËÓ ÎÚ›ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘. 6. ™Â ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË Ô˘ Ù· ‚È‚Ï›· ÙËÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È ¯ÂÈÚfiÁÚ·Ê·, ·ϋı¢ÛË ÙˆÓ ·ıÚÔ›ÛÂˆÓ ÂÛfi‰ˆÓ, ÁÈ· ‰È¿ÛÙËÌ· ÔˆÛ‰‹ÔÙ ‰‡Ô ÌËÓÒÓ Î¿ı ‰È·¯ÂÈÚÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ÂÚÈfi‰Ô˘ Î·È ¤Ú·Ó ·˘ÙÔ‡ ηٿ ÙËÓ ÎÚ›ÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘. 7. ∞Ó ÁÈ· ÙȘ ·Ú·ÁˆÁÈΤ˜ ÂÂÓ‰‡ÛÂȘ Î·È ·ÊÔÚÔÏfiÁËÙ˜ ÎÚ·Ù‹ÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ·Ó·Ù˘ÍÈ·ÎÒÓ ÓfiÌˆÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÛÙ› ÔÈ Î›ÌÂÓ˜ ‰È·Ù¿ÍÂȘ. 8. ∞Ó ˘Ê›ÛÙ·ÓÙ·È ˘ÂÚÙÈÌÔÏÔÁ‹ÛÂȘ-˘ÔÙÈÌÔÏÔÁ‹ÛÂȘ.
ÚÈÔ˘ÛÈ·ÎÒÓ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ (ÎÈÓËÙÒÓ Î·È ·ÎÈÓ‹ÙˆÓ), ÏÂÈÛÙËÚÈ·ÛÌÔ› ·ÎÈÓ‹ÙˆÓ, ÚÔÛˆÔÎÚ¿ÙËÛË Î.Ï. π‰È·›ÙÂÚË ¤ÌÊ·ÛË, Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙÔ Û¯¤‰ÈÔ ‰Ú¿Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ˘Ô˘ÚÁ›Ԣ, ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ‰Ôı› ÛÙÔÓ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ÙˆÓ ÂÎÎÚÂÌÒÓ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ˘Ôı¤ÛˆÓ, ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ Î·È ·Ú·ÁÚ¿ÊÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ Ù¤ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÙÚ¤¯ÔÓÙÔ˜ ¤ÙÔ˘˜. ÀÂÓı˘Ì›˙ÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ÔÈ ÂÎÎÚÂÌ›˜ ˘Ôı¤ÛÂȘ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁ›·˜ ÂÈÛÔ‰‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Î·È ÏÔÈÒÓ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ·ÓÙÈÎÂÈÌ¤ÓˆÓ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÂÈϤÁÔÓÙ·È ÁÈ· ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô Ì ‚¿ÛË ‰Âη¤ÍÈ ÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈ·: ·. ŸÙ·Ó ¤ÛÙˆ Î·È Û ̛· ·fi ÙȘ ÂÎÎÚÂÌ›˜ ‰È·¯ÂÈÚÈÛÙÈΤ˜ ÂÚÈfi‰Ô˘˜ ‰ËÏÒıËΠ˙ËÌ›· ·fi ÙËÓ ÂÎÌÂÙ¿ÏÏ¢ÛË Ù˘ Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘ ‹ ·fi ÙËÓ ¿ÛÎËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÂÏ¢ı¤ÚÈÔ˘ ·ÁÁ¤ÏÌ·ÙÔ˜. ‚. ™Â ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ Ô˘ ·fi ÙȘ ˘Ô‚ÏËı›Û˜ ‰ËÏÒÛÂȘ ÚÔ·ÙÂÈ ¯·ÌËÏfi˜ Û˘ÓÙÂÏÂÛÙ‹˜ ÌÂÈÎÙÔ‡ Î·È Î·ı·ÚÔ‡ ΤډԢ˜. ™˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÛÙË ÛÂÏ. 18
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ª·ı·›Óˆ ‡ÎÔÏ·... ÂÙ˘¯·›Óˆ ÛÙȘ ÂÍÂÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ∫˘ÚÈ¿ÎÔ˘ µ·ÛÈÏÔ̷ӈϿÎË Med Learning ™˘ÁÁڷʤ· ÙÔ˘ Best Seller «ª·ı·›Óˆ ‡ÎÔÏ·... » ¶ÂÙ˘¯·›ÓÔ˘Ó ˘„ËÏÔ‡˜ ÛÙfi¯Ô˘˜ ÛÙȘ ÂÍÂÙ¿ÛÂȘ ÔÈ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ·Ó·Ù‡ÍÂÈ ‰ÂÍÈfiÙËÙ˜ Ó· Ì·ı·›ÓÔ˘Ó Â‡ÎÔÏ·. ¢ÂÍÈfiÙËÙ˜ Ô˘ ·Ó·Ù‡ÛÛÔÓÙ·È Û fiÏË ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ ·È‰È΋˜ Î·È Ù˘ ÂÊË‚È΋˜ ËÏÈΛ·˜. ŸÛÔÈ ÈÛÙÂ‡Ô˘Ó fiÙÈ ÔÈ ˘„ËÏÔ› ÛÙfi¯ÔÈ Î·Ù·ÎÙÒÓÙ·È Ì ¤ÓÙ·ÛË ÌÂϤÙ˘ ÛÙÔ §‡ÎÂÈÔ, ·Ï¿ ‚¿˙Ô˘Ó ÙÔÓ ‹¯Ë ÙÔ˘˜ Ôχ ¯·ÌËÏ¿. ∆Ô ı¤Ì· Â›Ó·È Ôχ ¢ڇ Î·È Â›Ó·È Ô˘ÙÔ›· Ë ÛΤ„Ë Ó· Î·Ï˘Êı› Û’ ¤Ó· ÛËÌ›ˆÌ·, ÁÈ’ ·˘Ùfi ı· ı›Íˆ ÌÂÚÈΤ˜ ·fi ÙȘ ·Ú·Ì¤ÙÚÔ˘˜ Ô˘ ÙÔ Û˘Óı¤ÙÔ˘Ó. ŒÓÙ·ÛË, ¿Á¯Ô˜, ·ÔÙ˘¯›· ∫·Ù·Ú¯‹Ó Ë ÂÓÙ·ÙÈ΋ ÌÂϤÙË, ÔÈ ¿ÂÈÚ˜ ·Û΋ÛÂȘ Î·È Ë ·Ô˘Û›· ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÈÎÒÓ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈÔÙ‹ÙˆÓ ‰ÂÓ ÚÔ¿ÁÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ÂÒ·ÛË Ù˘ ÁÓÒÛ˘ Î·È ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó ·ÓÈÛÔÚÚÔ›· ÛÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ¤ÊË‚Ô˘. ∆Ô ‰Â›¯ÓÔ˘Ó Ù· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÙˆÓ ¿Û˘ ʇÛˆ˜ ÂÍÂÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ Î·È ÙÔ ÁÓˆÚ›˙Ô˘Ó ÔÈ Û˘ÓÂȉËÙÔÔÈË̤ÓÔÈ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ› Î·È ÁÔÓ›˜. ∏ ÏÂÈÔ„ËÊ›· ·ÚÎÂ›Ù·È Ó· ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÙÔ ‰ÚfiÌÔ Ù˘ ¤ÓÙ·Û˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ¿Á¯Ô˘˜ ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ó· ÈÂڷگ› ÙȘ ·Ó¿ÁΘ ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ Ì·˜. ªÂ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ· ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ·ÔÙ˘¯›· ηٿÎÙËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ÛÙfi¯ˆÓ Ó· ÏÈıÔ‚ÔÏ› ÙÔ Û‡ÛÙËÌ·!
ÙȘ ‚·ÛÈΤ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ‚ÈÔÙÈΤ˜ ·Ó¿ÁΘ. ™‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙÔÓ ∞. Maslow, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û ÙËÓ ˘Ú·Ì›‰· Ì ÙËÓ ÈÂÚ¿Ú¯ËÛË ÚÈÓ ·fi 50 ¯ÚfiÓÈ·, οı ¿∏ ÈÂÚ·Ú¯›· ÙˆÓ ·Ó·ÁÎÒÓ ÂÓfi˜ Ì·ıËÙ‹
ÙÔÌÔ ÚÔ¯ˆÚ› ÛÙ· ·ÓÒÙÂÚ· ›‰· Ù˘ ÂͤÏÈ͢ fiÙ·Ó ¤¯ÂÈ ‹‰Ë ÈηÓÔÔÈ‹ÛÂÈ ÙȘ ‚·ÛÈΤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ·Ó¿ÁΘ. ∏ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓË ÂÌÏÔ˘ÙÈṲ̂ÓË ÌÔÚÊ‹ Ù˘ ˘Ú·Ì›‰·˜ Â›Ó·È ·˘Ù‹ Ô˘ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ Û¯Â‰È¿ÁÚ·ÌÌ·. ŒÙÛÈ Ë ·Ó¿ÁÎË ÁÈ· Ó· Ì·ı·›ÓÂÈ Î¿ÔÈÔ˜ Î·È Ó· ηٷϷ‚·›ÓÂÈ ÚÔ¸Ôı¤ÙÂÈ fiÙÈ ¤¯ÂÈ ‹‰Ë ηχ„ÂÈ ÙȘ ·Ó¿ÁΘ ÙÔ˘ ÁÈ· ÛÙ¤Á·ÛË, ÙÚÔÊ‹, ·ÛʷϤ˜ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ Î·È Î·Ï¤˜ ÔÈÎÔÁÂÓÂȷΤ˜ Û¯¤ÛÂȘ. ¶ÚÔ¸fiıÂÛË Â›Ó·È Â›Û˘ Ó· ÌÂÁ·ÏÒÓÂÈ Ì ÛÙÔÚÁ‹ ·fi ÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ¿ ÙÔ˘, Ó· ¤¯ÂÈ ÛÙ·ıÂÚfiÙËÙ· ÛÙȘ Û¯¤ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ Ê›ÏÔ˘˜ Î·È ÙËÓ ·Ú¤· ÙÔ˘, Ó· ¤¯ÂÈ Û˘ÓÂȉËÙÔÔÈ‹ÛÂÈ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙfi¯Ô˘˜ ÙÔ˘ Î·È Ê˘ÛÈο Ó· Â›Ó·È ¤ÙÔÈÌÔ˜ Ó· ·Ó·Ï¿‚ÂÈ Â˘ı‡Ó˜ ÁÈ· ÙË ‚ÂÏÙ›ˆÛË Ù˘ ı¤Û˘ ÙÔ˘. ∞Ó ‰Â¯ıԇ̠·˘Ù‹ ÙË ı¤ÛË Ù˘ ÈÂÚ¿Ú¯ËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ·Ó·ÁÎÒÓ, ÙfiÙ ÌfiÓÔ Ù· ¿ÙÔÌ· Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ÛÙË Ì¤ÛË Ù˘ ˘Ú·Ì›‰·˜ Ì·ı·›ÓÔ˘Ó Â‡ÎÔÏ· Î·È Î·Ù·ÎÙÔ‡Ó ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙfi¯Ô˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜. OÈ ˘fiÏÔÈÔÈ ·Û¯›˙Ô˘Ó Ó· ÍÂÂÚ¿ÛÔ˘Ó Ù· ‚·ÛÈο ÛÙ¿‰È· Î·È ÎÔÏÏ¿ÓÂÈ ÂΛ. ∏ ·ÓÙ›ıÂÙË ¿Ô„Ë ÈÛ¯˘Ú›˙ÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ÂÈÙ˘¯›Â˜ ÛÙÔ Û¯ÔÏÂ›Ô ‚ÔËı¿Ó ÙÔ˘˜ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ Ó· ÈηÓÔÔÈ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ¿ÏϘ ·Ó¿ÁΘ ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙȘ ÌÂÛ·›Â˜ Îϛ̷Θ Ù˘ ˘Ú·Ì›‰·˜. ¢ËÏ·‰‹ Á›ÓÔÌ·È Î·Ïfi˜ Ì·ıËÙ‹˜ ÁÈ· Ó· ηٷÎÙ‹Ûˆ ÙÔ Û‚·ÛÌfi ÙˆÓ Û˘ÌÌ·ıËÙÒÓ ÌÔ˘ Î·È Ù˘ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ¿˜ ÌÔ˘.
∏ ÈÂÚ¿Ú¯ËÛË ÙˆÓ ·Ó·ÁÎÒÓ ª·ı·›ÓÔ˘Ó Â‡ÎÔÏ· ÔÈ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÈηÓÔÔÈ‹ÛÂÈ
(∞Ó·‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘ÛË ·fi «∆· ÁψÛÛÔ„˘¯Ô·È‰·ÁˆÁÈο ÛËÌÂÈÒÌ·Ù·»
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™˘Ì‚Ô˘Ï¢ÙÈ΋ Û ÁÔÓ›˜ Î·È ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ì ̷ıËÛȷΤ˜ ‰˘ÛÎÔϛ˜ ÙÔ˘ °ÚËÁfiÚË B·ÛÈÏÂÈ¿‰Ë æ˘¯ÔÏfiÁÔ˘ - æ˘¯ÔıÂÚ·Â˘Ù‹, M.Sc., Ph.D. ¤Á΢ÚË ·Ó·ÁÓÒÚÈÛË Î·È Û˘ÓÂȉËÙÔÔ›ËÛË ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÁÔÓ›˜, Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ˆÓ „˘¯ÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ, ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÒÓ ·Ú·ÁfiÓÙˆÓ Ô˘ ÂÌϤÎÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ Úfi‚ÏËÌ· ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÈÔ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ÂÊfi‰ÈÔ ÛÙËÓ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ· ۯ‰ȷÛÌÔ‡ ÌÈ·˜ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ·Ú¤Ì‚·Û˘, Ô˘ ΢ڛˆ˜ ÛÙԯ‡ÂÈ Ó· ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÛÂÈ ÙËÓ ·›ÛıËÛË ÈηÓfiÙËÙ·˜, ·˘Ù¿ÚÎÂÈ·, Î·È ÚÔÛˆÈÎÔ‡ ÂϤÁ¯Ô˘ Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ÙÔ ·È‰› ÁÈ· fi,ÙÈ ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÙË ˙ˆ‹ ÙÔ˘. OÈ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂȘ, ÙfiÛÔ ÙˆÓ ÁÔÓÈÒÓ fiÛÔ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ˆ˜ ÁÓÒÌÔÓ· Î·È ÙÂÏÈÎfi ÛÙfi¯Ô: 1. TË ‰È·ÌfiÚʈÛË ÛÙÔ Û›ÙÈ Î·È ÛÙÔ Û¯ÔÏÂ›Ô ÂÓfi˜ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜ Ô˘ Û˘ÓÙÂÏ› fi¯È ÌfiÓÔ ÛÙÔ Ó· ÂÙ‡¯ÂÈ ÙÔ ·È‰›, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Ó· ‚ÈÒÛÂÈ ·˘Ù‹ ÙÔ˘ ÙËÓ ÂÈÙ˘¯›· ˆ˜ ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ΢ڛˆ˜ ÙˆÓ ‰ÈÎÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÛ·ıÂÈÒÓ Î·È ÈηÓÔًوÓ. °È· Ó· Û˘Ì‚Â› ·˘Ùfi Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÂÓ‰˘Ó·ÌÒÛÔ˘Ì ÙÔ ·È‰› Î·È Ó· ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÛÔ˘Ì ÙËÓ ·›ÛıËÛË fiÙÈ ¤¯ÂÈ ÙÔ ›‰ÈÔ ÚÔÛˆÈο ÙÔ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô Î·È ÙËÓ Â˘ı‡ÓË ÁÈ· ÙË ˙ˆ‹ ÙÔ˘. OÈ ÁÔÓ›˜ ‰ÂÓ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· οÓÔ˘Ó ÂΛÓÔÈ ÙËÓ ‰Ô˘ÏÂÈ¿ ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡, ·ÏÏ¿ Ó· ÙÔ ‚ÔËı‹ÛÔ˘Ó Ó· ÔÚÁ·ÓÒÛÂÈ ÙȘ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂȘ Î·È ÙȘ ‰˘Ó¿ÌÂȘ ÙÔ˘ Ì ٤ÙÔÈÔ ÙÚfiÔ ÒÛÙ ӷ ÂÈÙ‡¯ÂÈ ÙÔ ›‰ÈÔ ÙÔ ÂÈı˘ÌËÙfi ‹ ·Ú·Ï‹ÛÈÔ ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ·. M ·˘Ùfi ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓÔ‡Ó ÛÙÔ ·È‰› ÙËÓ ·Ô‰Ô¯‹ Î·È ÙËÓ ÂÎÙ›ÌËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜, ÂÓÈÛ¯‡Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ·˘ÙÔÂÔ›ıËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘, ‚ÔËıÔ‡Ó ÛÙËÓ ÂÛˆÙÂÚÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ ËÚÂÌ›·, ÙÔ ÎÈÓËÙÔÔÈÔ‡Ó Ó· ÂÙ‡¯ÂÈ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ·, ÂÓÒ ÂÓı·ÚÚ‡ÓÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ·˘ÙÔÓÔÌ›· ÙÔ˘. 2. TË ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÂÓfi˜ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙÔ˜ Ô˘ ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂÔ›ıËÛË ÛÙÔ ·È‰› fiÙÈ Ù· Ï¿ıË Î·È ·ÔÙ˘¯›Â˜ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ÌfiÓÔ ·Ô‰ÂÎÙ¤˜, ·ÏÏ¿ Â›Ó·È ·Ó·ÌÂÓfiÌÂÓ·, Î·È Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Ù· ‚Ï¤Ô˘ÌÂ Û·Ó Â˘Î·Èڛ˜ ÁÈ· Ì¿ıËÛË. M ¿ÏÏ· ÏfiÁÈ·, Ó· ÂȉÈÒÎÔ˘Ì ÙÔ ‰‡ÛÎÔÏÔ Ú¿ÁÌ·ÙÈ Î·ı‹ÎÔÓ, Ó· ›ÛÔ˘Ì ٷ
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·È‰È¿ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Â˘¿ÏˆÙ· Û ·ÔÙ˘¯›Â˜, ÔÏÏ¿ ÂÎ ÙˆÓ ÔÔ›ˆÓ ÓÈÒıÔ˘Ó ËÙÙË̤ӷ Î·È ÎÔ˘Ú·Ṳ̂ӷ ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ¯ÚfiÓÈ· ·ÔÁÔËÙ‡ÛÂˆÓ Î·È ·ÔÙ˘¯ÈÒÓ, fiÙÈ ÔÈ ·ÔÙ˘¯›Â˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÌÔÚ› Ó· Ù· Ô‰ËÁ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÛÙËÓ ÂÈÙ˘¯›·. ¶ÚÔÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ Ó· Â›Ó·È ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfi˜ ¤Ó·˜ ÁÔÓÈfi˜ Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ·È‰› Ì ̷ıËÛȷΤ˜ ‰˘ÛÎÔϛ˜ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Â›Ó·È ¿Óˆ ·’ fiÏ· ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfi˜ Ì¿Ó·Ù˙ÂÚ. H ·ÏÏËÏ›‰Ú·Û‹ ÙÔ˘ Ì ÙÔ ·È‰› Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Â›Ó·È ÚԂϤ„ÈÌË Î·È Ó· ‚·Û›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ· Î·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ÛÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÓfiËÛË ÙˆÓ ¯ÚfiÓÈˆÓ ‰˘ÛÎÔÏÈÒÓ Ô˘ ÙÔ ·È‰› Â›Ó·È Èı·Ófi Ó· ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›ÛÂÈ. £· ‹Ù·Ó ›Ûˆ˜ ¯Ú‹ÛÈÌÔ Ó· ¤¯ÂÈ ˘fi„ÈÓ ÙÔ˘ Ù· ·Ú·Î¿Ùˆ: EÓË̤ڈÛË-Âη›‰Â˘ÛË ÁÔÓ¤ˆÓ: OÈ ÁÔÓ›˜ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÁÓˆÚ›˙Ô˘Ó ÁÈ· fiÏ· Ù· ˙ËÙ‹Ì·Ù· Ô˘ Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Î·È ÔÚÈÔıÂÙÔ‡Ó ÙË ‰È·Ù·Ú·¯‹: ·Ó·Ù˘Íȷο, Ì·ıËÛȷο, Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚÈο Î·È Û˘Ó·ÈÛıËÌ·ÙÈο. ¶Ú¤ÂÈ Â›Û˘ Ó· ·Ú·ÙËÚÔ‡Ó ÙÔ ·È‰› Û fiϘ Ù˘ ÂΉËÏÒÛÂȘ Ù˘ ˙ˆ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ÒÛÙ ӷ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Ì›· fiÛÔ ÙÔ ‰˘Ó·Ùfi ÈÔ ÔÏÔÎÏËڈ̤ÓË ÂÈÎfiÓ· ÁÈ· ÙȘ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ˜ Î·È ÙȘ ·‰˘Ó·Ì›Â˜ ÙÔ˘. AÓ¿ÚÎÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡, fi¯È ÌËÛ˘ÌÌfiÚʈÛË: °ÔÓ›˜ Î·È ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ› Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ηٷÓÔ‹ÛÔ˘Ó fiÙÈ Ù· ·È‰È¿ Ì ÂȉÈΤ˜ Ì·ıËÛȷΤ˜ ‰˘ÛÎÔϛ˜ Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó, ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ó· ÙÔ ÂȉÈÒÎÔ˘Ó, ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ·ÙÈ΋ Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿, Ë ÔÔ›· ÔÊ›ÏÂÙ·È Î˘Ú›ˆ˜ ÛÙËÓ ÂÁÁ¤ÓÂÈ ·‰˘Ó·Ì›· ÙÔ˘˜ Ó· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÌÂ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ· ÂÎÙÂÏÂÛÙÈΤ˜ ‰ÂÍÈfiÙËÙ˜. ¢ÂÓ ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó ÛÎfiÈÌ· ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù·, fiˆ˜ Ù· ·È‰È¿ Ô˘ Û˘ÓÂȉËÙ¿ ÂÈϤÁÔ˘Ó Ó· ÌË Û˘ÌÌÔÚʈıÔ‡Ó Ì ԉËÁ›Â˜ Î·È Î·ÓfiÓ˜. £ÂÙÈΤ˜ ηÙ¢ı‡ÓÛÂȘ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ·È‰È¿: M ÙÔ Ó· ϤÌ ÛÙ· ·È‰È¿ ÙÈ Ó· οÓÔ˘Ó, ·Ú¿ ÙÈ Ó· ÌËÓ Î¿ÓÔ˘Ó ÙÔ˘˜ ‰›ÓÔ˘Ì ¤Ó·˘ÛÌ· Î·È Î›ÓËÙÚ· ÁÈ· ‰Ú¿ÛË, ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ó· Ù· ·ÔÙÚ¤Ô˘ÌÂ. O ÛÙfi¯Ô˜
Ì·˜ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Ó· ¯Ù›ÛÔ˘Ì ÙȘ ‰˘Ó¿ÌÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡ Î·È fi¯È Ó· ÌÂÁÂı‡ÓÔ˘Ì ÙȘ ·‰˘Ó·Ì›Â˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÈÙ˘Á¯¿ÓÂÙ·È Ôχ ηχÙÂÚ· Ì ٤ÙÔÈÔ˘ ›‰Ô˘˜ ÚÔÙÚÔ¤˜. ™ÙÔ ›‰ÈÔ ıÂÙÈÎfi Ï·›ÛÈÔ Ú¤ÂÈ ÔÈ ÁÔÓ›˜ Ó· ı¤ÙÔ˘Ó οÔÈÔ˘˜ ηÓfiÓ˜, ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÂÊ·ÚÌfi˙ÔÓÙ·È ÌÂ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ·. ™˘Ó·ÈÛıËÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ·ÓÙȉڿÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ÁÔÓÈÒÓ, fiˆ˜ Ô ı˘Ìfi˜, Ë ÁÂÏÔÈÔÔ›ËÛË ‹ Ô ¯Ï¢·ÛÌfi˜ ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡ ηÏfi Â›Ó·È Ó· ·ÔʇÁÔÓÙ·È. O ÁÔÓÈfi˜ ‰ÂÓ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ͯӿ fiÙÈ ÙÔ ·È‰› ¤¯ÂÈ Úfi‚ÏËÌ· Ì ÙÔÓ ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô Ù˘ Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿˜ ÙÔ˘ Î·È fiÙÈ ÌfiÓÔ ¯ÂÈÚfiÙÂÚ· ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÓÈÒÛÂÈ Â¿Ó ÙÔ˘ ÂÈ: «·˘Ù‹ Ë ÂÚÁ·Û›· Ô˘ ÛÔ˘ ¤‚·Ï· Ó· οÓÂȘ Â›Ó·È Ôχ ‡ÎÔÏË. O ηı¤Ó·˜ ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡Û ӷ ÙËÓ Î¿ÓÂÈ!». AÓÙ› Ó· ÂÈ Ô ÁÔÓÈfi˜ ÛÙÔ ·È‰›: «Â¿Ó ÚÔÛ·ıÔ‡Û˜ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ı· Ù· ‹Á·ÈÓ˜ ηχÙÂÚ·», ‹ «Â¿Ó ¤‰ÂȯÓ˜ ÈÔ Û˘¯Ó¿ ÙËÓ ··Ú·›ÙËÙË ÚÔÛÔ¯‹ Î·È ‰ÂÓ ÙÂ̤ÏÈ·˙˜, ı· ›¯Â˜ ηχÙÂÚ˜ ÂȉfiÛÂȘ ÛÙÔ Û¯ÔÏ›Ի, ı· ‹Ù·Ó ÈÔ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfi Ó· ÙÔ˘ ÂÈ: «NÔÌ›˙ˆ fiÙÈ ÚÔÛ·ı›˜, ÈÛÙ‡ˆ fï˜ fiÙÈ ÙÔ Úfi‚ÏËÌ· ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÔÊ›ÏÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ fiÙÈ ÔÈ ÙÚfiÔÈ/ Ù¯ÓÈΤ˜ Ô˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ›˜ ÁÈ· Ó· Ì¿ıÂȘ, ‹ ÔÈ Ù¯ÓÈΤ˜ Ô˘ ÔÈ ‰¿ÛηÏÔ› ÛÔ˘ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡Ó ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚ˜ ‰˘Ó·Ù¤˜». T¤ÙÔÈÔ˘ ›‰Ô˘˜ Û¯fiÏÈ· ·fi ÙË ÌÈ· ‰ÂÓ ˆıÔ‡Ó ÙÔ ·È‰› Û ·Ì˘ÓÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· Î·È ·fi ÙËÓ ¿ÏÏË ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÙÔ Î¿ÓÔ˘Ó Ó· ·Ó·ÚˆÙËı› ÙÈ ÛËÌ·›ÓÂÈ «Ù¯ÓÈ΋» Ì¿ıËÛ˘ Î·È Ó· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÔ˘Ó ¤ÙÛÈ ·ÊÂÙËÚ›· ÂÓfi˜ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÈÎÔ‡ ‰È·ÏfiÁÔ˘ Ì ÙÔ ·È‰› Ô˘ ı· ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÛÂÈ ÙÔ ÎÚÈÙÈÎfi ÙÔ˘ Ó‡̷ Î·È ÙËÓ ÏËÚÔÊfiÚËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘ Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ Ù¯ÓÈÎÒÓ Ì¿ıËÛ˘ ÎÈ ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜. T· ·È‰È¿ Ì ÂȉÈΤ˜ Ì·ıËÛȷΤ˜ ‰˘ÛÎÔϛ˜ ¯ÚÂÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È Û˘¯ÓfiÙÂÚË Â·Ó·ÙÚÔÊÔ‰fiÙËÛË ÁÈ· ÙȘ ÂȉfiÛÂȘ Î·È ÙË Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÁÔÓ›˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ‰·ÛοÏÔ˘˜. OÈ ÁÔÓ›˜ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· «¯Ù›˙Ô˘Ó» ÙË Û¯¤ÛË ÙÔ˘˜ Ì ÙÔ ·È‰›: OÈ ÁÔÓ›˜ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ı˘ÌÔ‡ÓÙ·È ˆ˜ Ë Û¯¤ÛË ÙÔ˘˜ Ì ÙÔ ·È‰› ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÂÚ¿ÛÂÈ ‰ÔÎÈ̷ۛ˜. E›Ó·È Ôχ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi Ó· ÍÔ‰Â‡Ô˘Ó ·ÚÎÂÙfi ¯ÚfiÓÔ Ì ÙÔ ·È‰› ÁÈ· Ó· ‰È·ÙËÚ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÙË Û¯¤ÛË ÙÔ˘˜ ˙ˆÓÙ·Ó‹ Î·È ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈ΋. K·Ïfi ı· ‹Ù·Ó Ó· ‚ÚÔ˘Ó, ̤۷ ·fi ÙË Û˘˙‹ÙËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ Ì ÙÔ ·È‰›, ÌÈ· ¢¯¿ÚÈÛÙË ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ· Î·È Ó· ·ÏÏËÏÂȉÚÔ‡Ó ¤ÙÛÈ, ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ ÌÂÚÈΤ˜ ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÙËÓ Â‚‰ÔÌ¿‰·. AÌÔÈ‚¤˜: T· ·È‰È¿ ·˘Ù¿ ¯ÚÂÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È Ó· ·Ì›‚ÔÓÙ·È ÈÔ Û˘¯Ó¿, Î·È ÌÂ Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ·. TfiÛÔ ÔÈ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÔ› ÂÓÈÛ¯˘Ù¤˜ (ÂȉÔÎÈÌ·Û›·), fiÛÔ Î·È ÔÈ ˘ÏÈΤ˜ ·ÌÔÈ‚¤˜ (·È¯Ó›‰È·, ȉȷ›ÙÂÚË ÌÂÙ·¯Â›ÚÈÛË Î·È ÚÔÓfiÌÈ·) Â›Ó·È Î·Ïfi Ó· ÚÔÛʤÚÔÓÙ·È Û ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ ‚·ıÌfi οı ÊÔÚ¿ Ô˘ ÙÔ ·È‰› Û˘ÓÂÚÁ¿˙ÂÙ·È ‹ ¤¯ÂÈ Î¿ÔÈ· ÂÈÙ˘¯›·. ™ÙËÓ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·, Ù· ·È‰È¿ Ì ÂȉÈΤ˜ Ì·ıËÛȷΤ˜ ‰˘ÛÎÔϛ˜ ‰¤¯ÔÓÙ·È Û˘Ó‹ıˆ˜ ÏÈÁfiÙÂÚ˜ ıÂÙÈΤ˜ ÂÓÈÛ¯‡ÛÂȘ ·fi fiÙÈ Ù· ·‰ÂÚÊ¿ÎÈ· ÙÔ˘˜. ¶Ú¤ÂÈ, ÏÔÈfiÓ, ÔÈ ÁÔÓ›˜ Ó· ÚÔÛ·ıÔ‡Ó Ó· ÎÚ·Ù‹ÛÔ˘Ó Î¿ÔÈ· ÈÛÔÚÚÔ›·. T¿ÈÌÈÓÁÎ: OÈ Û˘Ó¤ÂȘ ÙfiÛÔ ÔÈ ·ÌÔÈ‚¤˜, fiÛÔ Î·È ÔÈ ÙÈ̈ڛ˜ Ô˘ Ù· ·È‰È¿ ·ÔÎÔÌ›˙Ô˘Ó ·fi ÙË Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔ˘˜ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÌËÓ ·¤¯Ô˘Ó ¯ÚÔÓÈο ·fi ÙË Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿ Î·È Ó· ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÔ‡Ó ÙË Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿ οı ÊÔÚ¿ Ô˘ ÙÔ ·È‰› Â-
ÓÂÚÁ› Ì’ ·˘Ùfi ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ (Ù·¯‡ÙËÙ· Î·È ·È‰ÈÔ‡ ÛÙËÓ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂÈ·, Î·È Ó· ·Ú¯›Û˘Ó¤ÂÈ·). ÛÔ˘Ó Ó· ‰Ô˘ÏÂ‡Ô˘Ó Ì’ ·˘Ù¿ Ù· ÚÔ‚Ï‹¶ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ·ÚÔ¯‹˜-·Ê·›ÚÂÛ˘ ·- Ì·Ù· ÚÔÏËÙÈο, Ì ıÂÙÈÎfi ÙÚfiÔ, ÌÔÈ‚ÒÓ: ÚÔÙÔ‡ Ë ·ÓÔ¯‹ Î·È Ë ˘ÔÌÔÓ‹ ÙÔ˘˜ ™‡Ìʈӷ Ì' ·˘Ùfi, ·Ú¤¯Ô˘Ì ·fi Í·ÓÙÏËıÔ‡Ó, ÔfiÙÂ Ë ÌÔÓ·‰È΋ ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÙËÓ ·Ú¯‹ Ù˘ Ë̤ڷ˜ fiÏÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ıÂÙÈ- ÓÙ›‰Ú·ÛË ı· Â›Ó·È Ë ·ÔÁÔ‹Ù¢ÛË, Ô ÎÔ‡˜ ÂÓÈÛ¯˘Ù¤˜ (·ÌÔÈ‚¤˜) ÛÙÔ ·È‰› Î·È ı˘Ìfi˜ Î·È Ë ·ÚÓËÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·. ÙÔ ·È‰› ı· Ú¤ÂÈ ÂȉÂÈÎÓ‡ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ™YM¶EPA™MA ÂÈı˘ÌËÙ‹ Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿ Ó· ÙÔ˘˜ ‰È·ÙËÚ‹ÛÂÈ, Û ·ÓÙ›ıÂÙË ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ·Ê·ÈOÈ Ì·ıËÛȷΤ˜ ‰˘ÛÎÔϛ˜ ‰È·ÚÎÔ‡Ó ÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È. ◊ ÌÔÚ› ÙÔ ·È‰› Ó· ÍÂÎÈÓ‹ÛÂÈ ·fi ÙÔ Ìˉ¤Ó, ‰›ÓÔÓÙ¿˜ ÙÔ˘ fï˜ fiÛÔ Î·È Ë ˙ˆ‹ ÙÔ˘ ·ÙfiÌÔ˘ ÂËÚ¿˙ÔÙËÓ Â˘Î·ÈÚ›· Ó· ÎÂÚ‰›ÛÂÈ Î·Ù¿ ÙË ÓÙ·˜ ·ÚÓËÙÈο fiϘ ÙȘ Ï¢ڤ˜ Ù˘ Î·È ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ Ë̤ڷ˜ 3 ‹ Î·È 5 ÊÔÚ¤˜ Ù· ÂÍÂÏÈÎÙÈο ÛÙ¿‰È· Ù˘ ˙ˆ‹˜ ȉȷ›ÙÂÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ˘˜ ÂÓÈÛ¯˘Ù¤˜ ˆ˜ ·ÓÙ¿Ï- Ú· ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡ Î·È ÙÔ˘ ÂÊ‹‚Ô˘. ™ÙËÓ ÈÏ·ÁÌ· ÁÈ· ÙË ıÂÙÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿, ‰·ÓÈ΋ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË, ·˘Ù¤˜ ÔÈ ÎÚ˘Ê¤˜ ·Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ·˘Ù¤˜ ÙȘ ·ÌÔÈ‚¤˜ Ô˘ ı· Ó·Ëڛ˜ ÂÓÙÔ›˙ÔÓÙ·È, ‰È·ÁÈÁÓÒÛÎÔ¯¿ÛÂÈ Â¿Ó Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÂÚı› ·ÚÓËÙÈο. ÓÙ·È Î·È ıÂڷ‡ÔÓÙ·È. TÔ ·È‰› ‹ Ô ¤(.¯., ı· ¿ÚÂÈ 5 Û·ÎÔ˘Ï¿ÎÈ· ÙÛȘ Â¿Ó ÊË‚Ô˜ ı· ¯ÚÂÈ·ÛÙ› Ó· ·Ú·ÂÌÊı› οÓÂÈ Î¿ÙÈ ÛˆÛÙ¿, ÂÓÒ ı· ¯¿ÛÂÈ ÌfiÓÔ 1 Û’ ¤Ó·Ó „˘¯ÔÏfiÁÔ ÛÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË Ô˘ Â¿Ó Î¿ÓÂÈ Î¿ÙÈ Ï¿ıÔ˜). E›Û˘, ÔÈ ÈÔ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÂӉ›ÍÂȘ ÁÈ· Û˘Ó·ÈÛıËÌ·ÙÈÛ˘¯Ó¤˜ (ηıËÌÂÚÈÓ¤˜) ¢ηÈڛ˜ ÁÈ· Â- ο, ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈο Î·È ÔÈÎÔÁÂÓÂȷο ÚÔÈ‚Ú¿‚¢ÛË ‚ÔËıÔ‡Ó ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚÔ ·- ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· ‹ ÂӉ›ÍÂȘ ÙÔ˘ Û˘Ó‰ÚfiÌÔ˘ fi ÙȘ ·ÌÔÈ‚¤˜ Ô˘ ‰›ÓÔÓÙ·È ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Â- ÂÏÏÂÈÌÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ÚÔÛÔ¯‹˜-˘ÂÚÎÈÓËÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜. ÈÙ˘¯›· Ì·ÎÚÔÚfiıÂÛÌˆÓ ÛÙfi¯ˆÓ. ¶ÚÔÊ˘Ï¿ÍÂȘ/ ÚÔÛ¯¤‰ÈÔ ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ H ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙÂÚË ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÁÔÓ›˜: ÛË ÙˆÓ ·Ú·¿Óˆ ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÚÔ¸OÈ ÁÔÓ›˜, ÁÓˆÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ Ù· fiÚÈ·, ÙȘ Ôı¤ÙÂÈ ¿Óˆ ·’ fiÏ· ÙË Û˘Ó¯‹ Û˘‰˘Ó¿ÌÂȘ, Î·È ÙȘ ·‰˘Ó·Ì›Â˜ ÙÔ˘ ·È‰È- ÓÂÚÁ·Û›· fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÂÌÏÂÎfiÌÂÓˆÓ ÂÔ‡ (ÛÙÔ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎfi, Ì·ıËÛÈ·Îfi Î·È Â- ·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈÒÓ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ÁÔÓ›˜, ÙˆÓ ÔÎÙÂÏÂÛÙÈÎfi ›‰Ô) Â›Ó·È Î·Ïfi Ó· Ô›ˆÓ Ô ÚfiÏÔ˜ Â›Ó·È Î·Ù·Ï˘ÙÈÎfi˜ ÛÙËÓ ÚÔÊ˘Ï¿ÛÛÔ˘Ó ÙÔ ·È‰› ·fi ηٷÛÙ¿- ÂÓ›Û¯˘ÛË Ù˘ ·˘ÙÔÓÔÌ›·˜ Î·È ·˘ÙÔÂÛÂȘ ÛÙȘ Ôԛ˜ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ÌÂÁ¿ÏË Èı·- Ô›ıËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ·È‰ÈÒÓ ÙÔ˘˜. ÓfiÙËÙ· Ó· ÂÈÛÚ¿ÍÂÈ ·ÚÓËÙÈ΋ ÂÓ›Û¯˘AÓ Ì¿ÏÈÛÙ· Ô fiÚÔ˜ «ÂȉÈΤ˜ ·Ó¿ÛË, ·›ÛıËÌ· ÌÂÈÔÓÂÍ›·˜, Î·È ·fiÚÚÈ„Ë ÁΘ» ·ÓÙÈηٷÛÙ·ı› ̤۷ ÙÔ˘˜ ·fi ÂÍ·ÈÙ›·˜ Ù˘ Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿˜ ÙÔ˘. ÙËÓ ÊÚ¿ÛË «Î¿ı ·È‰› ¤¯ÂÈ ÙËÓ ·Ó¿AÓ¿Ù˘ÍË ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÒÓ ‰ÂÍÈÔًوÓ: ÁÎË Ó· ·ÈÛı¿ÓÂÙ·È È‰È·›ÙÂÚÔ» ÙfiÙ ÔÈ H ·Ó¿Ù˘ÍË ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎÒÓ ‰ÂÍÈÔÙ‹- ÁÔÓ›˜ ı· Á›ÓÔ˘Ó ÔÈ ¯·ÚÈÛÌ·ÙÈÎÔ› ÂÎÂ›ÙˆÓ Â›Ó·È Ì›· ·fi ÙȘ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ˜ ÓÔÈ ÂÓ‹ÏÈΘ Ô˘ ı· ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ‚ϤÚÔÎÏ‹ÛÂȘ Ô˘ ÔÈ ÁÔÓ›˜ ·È‰ÈÒÓ Ì È- Ô˘Ó ÙË ÌÔÓ·‰È΋ ÔÌÔÚÊÈ¿ Î·È ‰‡Ó·ÌË ‰È·ÈÙÂÚfiÙËÙ˜ ηÏÔ‡ÓÙ·È Ó· ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ- ÛÙÔ ·È‰› ÙÔ˘˜ ÚÔÛʤÚÔÓÙ·˜ Û' ·˘Ùfi ›ÛÔ˘Ó. H ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡ Î·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ›‰ÈÔ˘˜ ÙÔ ·ÎÚÈ‚fiÙÂÚÔ ‰ÒÚÔ, ı· ηıÔÚ›ÛÂÈ ÙÂÏÈο Û ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ‚·ıÌfi ÙË ¯ˆÚ›˜ fiÚÔ˘˜ ·Ô‰Ô¯‹. ÙËÓ ·˘ÙÔÂÔ›ıËÛ‹ ÙÔ˘, ÙȘ ÊÈϛ˜ ÙÔ˘, °ÚËÁfiÚ˘ B·ÛÈÏÂÈ¿‰Ë˜ Î·È ÙËÓ ÚÔÛ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙË Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ æ˘¯ÔÏfiÁÔ˜, æ˘¯ÔıÂÚ·Â˘Ù‹˜, ˙ˆ‹. TÔ ÈÔ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi fï˜ Â›Ó·È fiÙÈ ÔÈ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈΤ˜ ‰ÂÍÈfiÙËÙ˜ ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡ M.Sc., Ph.D. “A˘ÙÔÁÓˆÛ›·” K¤ÓÙÚÔ BÚ·¯Â›·˜ ı· ηıÔÚ›ÛÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ ÂÈÙ˘¯›· ÙÔ˘ Î·È ÙËÓ ÚÔÛ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ ÙÔ˘ ÛÙË ÂÓ‹ÏÈÎË ˙ˆ‹ æ˘¯ÔıÂڷ›·˜ ¢/ÓÛË: ¶··‰È·Ì·ÓÙÔÔ‡ÏÔ˘ 2, ÙÔ˘. H ¤Ú¢ӷ ÍÂοı·Ú· ˘ÔÛÙËÚ›˙ÂÈ ÙËÓ ¿Ô„Ë fiÙÈ Ë ÔÈfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ ˙ˆ‹˜ Â- Aı‹Ó· TËϤʈÓÔ: 6977866461 ÓËÏ›ÎˆÓ Ì ̷ıËÛȷΤ˜ ‰˘ÛÎÔϛ˜ ÂUrl: www.aftognosia.gr Í·ÚÙ¿Ù·È ÚÒÙ· ·’ fiÏ· ·fi ÙÔ ‚·ıÌfi ÛÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô Î·Ù¿ÊÂÚ·Ó Ó· ·Ó·Ù‡ÍÔ˘Ó ÙȘ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈΤ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ‰ÂÍÈfiÙËÙ˜ Î·È fi¯È ·fi ÙȘ ·Î·‰ËÌ·˚Τ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÂȉfiÛÂȘ. OÈ ÁÔÓ›˜ Ó· ÊÚÔÓÙ›˙Ô˘Ó ÙÔÓ Â·˘Ùfi ÙÔ˘˜: OÈ ÔÈÎÔÁ¤ÓÂȘ Ì’ ¤Ó· ‹ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ· ·È‰È¿ Ì ÂȉÈΤ˜ Ì·ıËÛȷΤ˜ ‰˘ÛÎÔϛ˜ Û˘¯Ó¿ ‚ÈÒÓÔ˘Ó ¤ÓÙÔÓÔ ÛÙÚ˜, Û˘˙˘ÁÈο ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· Î·È ÛÔ‚·Ú¿ Û˘Ó·ÈÛıËÌ·ÙÈο ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· Ô˘ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ·ÊÂÙËÚ›· ÙÔ˘˜ ÛÙȘ ‰˘ÛÎÔϛ˜ Î·È ÙË Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔ˘ ·È‰ÈÔ‡. E›Ó·È ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ÏÔÈfiÓ Ó· Û˘ÓÂȉËÙÔÔÈ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÁÚ‹ÁÔÚ· ÔÈ ÁÔÓ›˜ ÙËÓ Â›‰Ú·ÛË Ô˘ ÌÔÚ› Ó· Contact Us: 210-6390030, 210-6081673 ¤¯ÂÈ Ë ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÙÔ˘
Sylvia Kar Publications
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ALTE: 3rd International Conference The Social and Educational Impact of Language Assesment major multilingual event to all professionals with an interest in language assessment and associated issues.
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Welcome The Association of Language Testers in Europe (ALTE) is holding its 3rd International Conference at the University of Cambridge, hosted by the University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations. The conference theme, The Social and Educational Impact of Language Assessment, makes this key, multilingual event form a bridge between the world of language assessment and educational, social, cultural and economic environments and contexts. Language assessment has an impact on the whole of society: the plenary speakers —leading experts in language assessment— will deliver a series of keynote presentations drawing these elements together. These speakers, together with papers and forms, will create a dynamic convergence of ideas where these links will be explored, and exciting
connections and breakthroughs in happen. ALTE Cambridge 2008 represents a unique opprtunity to take part in this interchange of ideas, to meet with other experts in the world of language assessment and linguistics: to learn, to share and to develop our knowledge.
welcomed in German, English, Spanish, French and Italian on the following topics: ñ Language Assessment and Intercultural Dialogue ñ Language Assessment: Impact and Stakeholders If you would like to submit a paper in a
ALTE Cabridge 2008 will be of interest to anyone concerned with language testing and its impact, and is of interest and importance to anyone working in the following fields: ñ Applied linguistics ñ Language teaching ñ Educational policy and regulation ñ European language policy ñ Social policy and regulation ñ Migration policy and regulation ñ International business
language other than the obeve, pleace email the ALTE Secretariat: [email protected] Those selected will have a unique opportunity to present their papers to an audience of leading theorists and practioners within the field of language assessment from around the world. The theme of ALTE Cambridge is The Social and Educational Impact of Language Assessment. Papers are welcomed in German, English, Spanish, French and Italian on the following topics:
Call for papers The theme of ALTE Cambridge is The Social and Educational Impact of Language Assessment. Papers are
ñ Language Assessment for Teaching and Learning ñ Language Assessment and
Intercultural Dialogue ñ Language Assessment: Impact and Stakeholders If you like to submit a paper in a language other than the above, please email thw ALTE Secretariat: [email protected] Those selected will have a unique opportunity to present their papers to an audience of leading theorists and practitioners within the field of language assessment from around the world.
Essential Paper Proposal information ñ The closing date for proposals is 31 October 2007 ñ Paper Title maximum 15 words ñ Abstract for Selection Committee maximum 250 words ñ Abstract for Programme maximum 70 words ñ No biographical is required ñ All Papers will be 45 minutes (including questions) ñ Presenters will be informed if they have been selected in December 2007.
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Enseignant: une profession en évolution permanente Par Constantin TEGOS e métier d'enseignant est un métier chargé de tradition1. L’ enseignant est celui qui transmet le savoir et les valeurs fondamentales de la société. Mais la société change constamment et le rôle de l' enseignant se modifie profondément. Il y a deux facteurs qui apportent des changements considérables dans le métier d'enseignant: ñ Les technologies de l'information et de la communication pour l’ éducation (TICE). Elles affectent les savoirs et l'accès aux savoirs. Ainsi, l'école n'est plus le seul lieu où l'on trouve le savoir et l'enseignant ne peut plus être seulement le transmetteur de connaissances. De nos jours, il devient un guide, un tuteur, qui accompagne l'élève dans l'accès au savoir. ñ Les conditions sociales de l'enseignement font du métier d' enseignant un métier complexe et de plus en plus difficile. En effet, l’ apparition de la violence dans l’ école place les enseignants au cœur d’un ensemble de changements où, ils deviennent les premiers agents des «mutations» et des évolutions. Les attentes de la société envers l'école et envers les enseignants évoluent aussi. Elles se situent dans un contexte de démocratisation des systèmes éducatifs, de mondialisation des sociétés et des savoirs. Dans ce contexte, la société attend de l'enseignant: – qu'il fasse acquérir des savoirs, des outils, des concepts, des processus, des compétences (inter)culturelles2, d’une part,
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– qu' il forme des citoyens, qu' il transmette les valeurs fondamentales de la société et les valeurs universelles de l' humanité, d’autre part. Mais, un enseignant ne possède pas dès son entrée dans le métier l'ensemble des connaissances et des compétences pour tout cas ou/et contexte rencontré. C’est pourquoi, il devra suivre une formation continue, garder cet appétit de connaissances et cette curiosité intellectuelle, qu'il ne pourra pas faire naître chez ses élèves s'il ne les possède pas lui-même. L’émergence des nouveaux métiers de l'enseignement tels que les aideséducateurs, spécialistes d’orientation professionnelle, etc. confortent le métier d’enseignant. Enseigner est un métier de liberté et de responsabilité intellectuelle. Il appartient à chaque enseignant de définir, de construire sa propre manière d’approche(s) et d’initiative(s). Il ne peut pas exister de méthode universelle d'enseignement. Toutefois, c'est un métier auquel il faut se former, avant de l'exercer. Cette formation ne peut se réduire ni à un corporatisme (on se limite uniquement aux expériences des collèguesenseignants), ni à des enseignements théoriques (connaissances et savoirs universitaires). Elle nécessite des échanges incessants entre la pratique et la théorie, entre l'expérience et les apports fondamentaux. Elle doit permettre à l'enseignant de se livrer à une analyse réflexive de sa pratique. En outre, l' enseignant doit maîtriser les processus de la transmission des savoirs, l'enseignement et l'apprentissage, il doit savoir ce qu'est un enfant ou
un jeune qui apprend; il doit pouvoir gérer une classe. Pour ce faire, il doit «être» psychologue, sociologue, philosophe, voire écologiste; il doit maîtriser les TICE et les techniques de l'enseignement3. Récupérer le grand prestige et la reconnaissance sociale forte que jouissait il y a quelques décennies l’enseignant constituent son nouveau défi à relever. L'enseignant ne retrouvera son statut social fort que dans la mesure où la société reconnaîtra dans l'enseignement et l'éducation un investissement essentiel pour l'avenir. Finalement, le métier d'enseignant n'est pas seulement lié aux savoirs et à leur transmission. Il est profondément lié aux attentes et aux évolutions de la société, et à la place que la société entend donner à l'éducation. Dans cette complexité croissante, le métier d'enseignant devient de plus en plus délicat, capital, et passionnant. C'est la preuve qu’il s’agit d’une profession en évolution permanente. ––––––––––––– (1) Rapport de l’UNESCO 2005-2006 (2) L'interculturel cf. articles: www.editionstegos.com (3) «Réussir la production écrite des niveaux B1, B2, C1, C2» - La méthodologie de la production écrite EDITIONS TEGOS 2007
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The teacher as a teaching aid by Sima Jalil Although we now live in a high tech world and have access to a variety of teaching aids, there is one aid that is convenient, portable, uses no electricity, can be used effectively in light or dark and is available all the time. Yes, the teacher him or herself! In my experience as a teacher I have discovered that I can involve students more in classroom discussion and activities if I follow certain simple steps. ñ Movement ñ Use body language ñ Eye contact ñ Gesture ñ Facial expression ñ Speech ñ Student talk ñ Names Movement Sitting behind a desk or standing on a dais creates a "distance" between the teacher and the students. Try to have an aisle and enough space between the rows so that you can easily reach those at the back. This way you can talk to individual students, allow the shy ones to ask questions quietly without the fear of embarrassment, as well as check their work and help them. Some movement on your side is essential, because it allows the students to focus on you. ñ Stepping forward to emphasise a
point, small steps towards different sides of the class lets the student feel that the teacher is taking genuine interest in what he or she is saying. Use body language Your body should be in your control. Hold it in such a way that you look alert and awake. Avoid slumping and sagging. Just as too little movement is boring, too much movement can be a distraction. ñ When your posture is erect it puts the you in control of the situation and the students realise this. It also encourages the students subconsciously, to become alert as well. You may notice the lazy ones sitting up and paying more attention to what is happening around them. Top of page Eye contact Make an effort to keep eyes lively, aware and interested. Move them around to take in everything. Fix them on specific students, but not for so long that they become uncomfortable! Avoid focusing on the worst or best students. ñ Knowing that the teacher demands eye contact keeps the students alert. It also gives the teacher a feedback on the impact of what he or she is saying. This is particularly important in large
classes, where "distance" between the teacher and learner is greater, and individual attention is more difficult. ñ An effective teacher can control class behaviour to a great extent by the expression of his or her eyes. ñ Make sure that you make eye contact with each student, so that it seems you are talking to him or her individually. Top of page Gestures Arms and hands are a very expressive visual aid. They can be used to describe shapes, actions, movements etc. but, remember to keep still while listening to a student. Otherwise the message sent to the student is that he is being longwinded or boring. ñ Habits such as fiddling with notes and books, playing with pens, key chains, or doodling with chalk on the black board can be both distracting and irritating for the student. Top of page Facial expressions There's nothing worse than a constant frown, which discourages students from asking questions, feeling free to discuss a problem or coming for help. A smile can work wonders. ñ It encourages the student to participate more actively and dispels the notion that the teacher is over critical. ñ Look interested while a student is speaking. ñ A smile, a grimace, a curl of the lips, raised eyebrows etc. at appropriate moments will send messages as needed. ñ Send positive vibes and cultivate a sympathetic and encouraging expression! Speech Have you ever heard yourself speak? Do you know what your voice sounds like to others? A low monotone or a high-pitched voice can be difficult to understand or grating to the ears. Does the sound of your voice send students to sleep or running for earplugs? ñ Be critical of yourself. Try taping your voice - listen to yourself. Where are you slipping up? ñ Make your own personal checklist: – Are you speaking at the right volume? – Does the end of your sentence fall so low that students sitting at the back cannot hear? – Are you hemming and hawing too much? – Are you speaking too fast? Student talk Break the monotony and give students plenty of time to talk! It will keep them alert. Make small jokes, be friendly. Names Call students by their name. It sounds warmer and friendlier and lessens the distance between the teacher and learner. The teacher is the best teaching aid. Be sure that you are using yourself to the full effect. The article can be found together with many useful articles for teachers of English at the British Council website http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/
«º‡ÏÏÔ Î·È ºÙÂÚfi» Ù· ‚È‚Ï›· ¯ˆÚ›˜ ‰È·ÎÚ›ÛÂȘ Î·È ÂÍ·ÈÚ¤ÛÂȘ ™˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ·fi ÙË ÛÂÏ. 6
ÎÔ‡ ∂ϤÁ¯Ô˘ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ηو٤ڈ ÓÔÌÔ‡˜: ñ ™ÙÔ ¡ÔÌfi ∞ÙÙÈ΋˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Ó ÂÓÓ¤· ÂȉÈο Û˘ÓÂÚÁ›·, ÛÙÂϯˆÌ¤Ó· Ì 144 ˘·ÏÏ‹ÏÔ˘˜, ÂÓÓ¤· Û˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙ¤˜ Î·È ÂÓÓ¤· ·Ó·ÏËÚˆÙ¤˜ Û˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙÒÓ. ñ ™ÙÔ ¡ÔÌfi £ÂÛÛ·ÏÔӛ΢ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Ó ‰‡Ô ÂȉÈο Û˘ÓÂÚÁ›·, ÛÙÂϯˆÌ¤Ó· Ì 17 ˘·ÏÏ‹ÏÔ˘˜, ‰‡Ô Û˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙ¤˜ Î·È ‰‡Ô ·Ó·ÏËÚˆÙ¤˜ Û˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙÒÓ. ñ ™ÙÔ ¡ÔÌfi ∫·‚¿Ï·˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ¤Ó· ÂȉÈÎfi Û˘ÓÂÚÁ›Ô, ÛÙÂϯˆÌ¤ÓÔ Ì ÂÓÓ¤· ˘·ÏÏ‹ÏÔ˘˜ Î·È ‰‡Ô ¶ÚÔ˚Ûٷ̤ÓÔ˘˜ (™˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙ‹ Î·È ∞Ó·ÏËÚˆÙ‹). ñ ™ÙÔ ¡ÔÌfi ÷ÏÎȉÈ΋˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ¤Ó· ÂȉÈÎfi Û˘ÓÂÚÁÂ›Ô ÛÙÂϯˆÌ¤ÓÔ Ì ÂÓÓ¤· ˘·ÏÏ‹ÏÔ˘˜ Î·È ‰‡Ô ¶ÚÔ˚Ûٷ̤ÓÔ˘˜ (™˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙ‹ Î·È ∞Ó·ÏËÚˆÙ‹), ñ ™ÙÔ ¡ÔÌfi ¶ÈÂÚ›·˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ¤Ó· ÂȉÈÎfi Û˘ÓÂÚÁÂ›Ô ÛÙÂϯˆÌ¤ÓÔ Ì ÂÓÓ¤· ˘·ÏÏ‹ÏÔ˘˜ Î·È ‰‡Ô ¶ÚÔ˚Ûٷ̤ÓÔ˘˜ (™˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙ‹ Î·È ∞Ó·ÏËÚˆÙ‹). ñ ™ÙÔ ¡ÔÌfi ª·ÁÓËÛ›·˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ¤Ó· ÂȉÈÎfi Û˘ÓÂÚÁÂ›Ô ÛÙÂϯˆÌ¤ÓÔ Ì ÂÓÓ¤· ˘·ÏÏ‹ÏÔ˘˜ Î·È ‰‡Ô ¶ÚÔ˚Ûٷ̤ÓÔ˘˜ (™˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙ‹ Î·È ∞Ó·ÏËÚˆÙ‹).
ñ ™ÙÔ ¡ÔÌfi ∂˘‚Ô›·˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ¤Ó· ÂȉÈÎfi Û˘ÓÂÚÁÂ›Ô ÛÙÂϯˆÌ¤ÓÔ Ì ÂÓÓ¤· ˘·ÏÏ‹ÏÔ˘˜ Î·È ‰‡Ô ¶ÚÔ˚Ûٷ̤ÓÔ˘˜ (™˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙ‹ Î·È ∞Ó·ÏËÚˆÙ‹). ñ ™ÙÔ ¡ÔÌfi πˆ·ÓÓ›ÓˆÓ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ¤Ó· ÂȉÈÎfi Û˘ÓÂÚÁÂ›Ô ÛÙÂϯˆÌ¤ÓÔ Ì ÂÓÓ¤· ˘·ÏÏ‹ÏÔ˘˜ Î·È ‰‡Ô ¶ÚÔ˚Ûٷ̤ÓÔ˘˜ (™˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙ‹ Î·È ∞Ó·ÏËÚˆÙ‹). ñ ™ÙÔ ¡ÔÌfi ∫ÔÚÈÓı›·˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ¤Ó· ÂȉÈÎfi Û˘ÓÂÚÁÂ›Ô ÛÙÂϯˆÌ¤ÓÔ Ì ÂÓÓ¤· ˘·ÏÏ‹ÏÔ˘˜ Î·È ‰‡Ô ¶ÚÔ˚Ûٷ̤ÓÔ˘˜ (™˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙ‹ Î·È ∞Ó·ÏËÚˆÙ‹). ñ ™ÙÔ ¡ÔÌfi ∞ÚÁÔÏ›‰·˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ¤Ó· ÂȉÈÎfi Û˘ÓÂÚÁÂ›Ô ÛÙÂϯˆÌ¤ÓÔ Ì ÂÓÓ¤· ˘·ÏÏ‹ÏÔ˘˜ Î·È ‰‡Ô ¶ÚÔ˚Ûٷ̤ÓÔ˘˜ (™˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙ‹ Î·È ∞Ó·ÏËÚˆÙ‹). ñ ™ÙÔ ¡ÔÌfi ÷ӛˆÓ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ¤Ó· ÂȉÈÎfi Û˘ÓÂÚÁÂ›Ô ÛÙÂϯˆÌ¤ÓÔ Ì ÂÓÓ¤· ˘·ÏÏ‹ÏÔ˘˜ Î·È ‰‡Ô ¶ÚÔ˚Ûٷ̤ÓÔ˘˜ (™˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙ‹ Î·È ∞Ó·ÏËÚˆÙ‹). ñ ™ÙÔ ¡ÔÌfi ªÂÛÛËÓ›·˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ¤Ó· ÂȉÈÎfi Û˘ÓÂÚÁÂ›Ô ÛÙÂϯˆÌ¤ÓÔ Ì ÂÓÓ¤· ˘·ÏÏ‹ÏÔ˘˜ Î·È ‰‡Ô ¶ÚÔ˚Ûٷ̤ÓÔ˘˜ (™˘ÓÙÔÓÈÛÙ‹ Î·È ∞Ó·ÏËÚˆÙ‹).
(∞Ó·‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘ÛË ·fi ÙÔ ¢ÂÏÙ›Ô ∂·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ∂ÈÌÂÏËÙËÚ›Ô˘ ¶ÂÈÚ·ÈÒ˜)
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ŸÏÁ· °. °ÂÚÈÙÛ›‰Ô˘ EÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋ æ˘¯ÔÏfiÁÔ˜ B.A., M.A., ·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ McGill K·Ó·‰¿, EÈÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈÎÔ‡ ÙÌ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ MindPower Publishing, EÈÎÂÊ·Ï‹˜ K¤ÓÙÚÔ˘ EÏ¢ı¤ÚˆÓ ™Ô˘‰ÒÓ e-mail:[email protected] site: www.mindpower.gr “™Â ·ÚÎÂÙ¤˜ ·fi ÙȘ Ù¿ÍÂȘ Ô˘ ‰È‰¿ÛΈ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ·È‰È¿ ‰˘ÛÏÂÎÙÈο Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ·ÓÙ·ÔÎÚ›ÓÔÓÙ·È ÛÙȘ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂȤ˜ ÌÔ˘. TÈ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ Î·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ Ô˘ ÌÔÚÒ Ó· οӈ Ì ·˘Ù¿ Ù· ·È‰È¿;” K·ıËÁ‹ÙÚÈ· AÁÁÏÈÎÒÓ, §¿ÚÈÛ· (Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ æ˘¯ÔÁÚ·Ê‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ IÔ˘Ó›Ô˘) TÔ „˘¯ÔÁÚ¿ÊËÌ· ·˘Ùfi, Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ÙˆÓ ÙÚÈÒÓ ÚÔËÁËı¤ÓÙˆÓ, ÔÏÔÎÏËÚÒÓÂÈ ÙËÓ ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋ ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÙËÓ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ ÛÙ·ıÂÚÒÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ ·Ú·ÁfiÓÙˆÓ ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ ·ÎÚÈ‚Ò˜ ÂÂȉ‹ ÂÓ·fiÎÂÈÓÙ·È ÛÙÔÓ Ï‹ÚË ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜, ȉڇ̷ÙÔ˜ Î·È ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ÂÁÁ˘Ô‡ÓÙ·È fi¯È ÌfiÓÔ ÙËÓ Â·ÓÔÚıˆÙÈ΋ ·Ú¤Ì‚·ÛË ·ÏÏ¿ ›Û˘ ÂÍ·ÛÊ·Ï›˙Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ÚfiÏË„Ë, ÙÔÓ ÂÚÈÔÚÈÛÌfi Î·È ÙËÓ ··ÏÔÈÊ‹ ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÛÈ·ÎÒÓ ‰˘ÛÎÔÏÈÒÓ Ô˘ ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÔÓÙ·È Î·È ·Ú·ÙËÚÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ Âη›‰Â˘ÛË. §·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·˜ ¿ÓÙ· ˘’ fi„Ë ÙÔ˘˜ ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ˜ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‹‰Ë ÂÈÛËÌ·Óı› fiÙÈ ÂËÚ¿˙Ô˘Ó ¤Ó· ÈηÓfi ÔÛÔÛÙfi Ù˘ ¤Î‚·Û˘ Ù˘ Ì·ıËÛȷ΋˜ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·˜, ÂÛÙÈ¿˙Ô˘Ì ÙËÓ ÚÔÛÔ¯‹ Ì·˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfiÙÂÚÔ˘˜ ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ˜ ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ Â›Ó·È ‹ ı· ¤Ú ӷ Â›Ó·È ÛÙËÓ Â˘¯¤ÚÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ·˝ÔÓÙ· ηıËÁËÙ‹ Î·È ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ‰‡Ó·ÌË Ó· ÌÂÁÈÛÙÔÔÈ‹ÛÔ˘Ó, Ó· ‰È¢ÎÔχÓÔ˘Ó, Ó· ‰˘Û¯ÂÚ¿ÓÔ˘Ó, Ó· ÂÏ·¯ÈÛÙÔÔÈ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ‹ ·ÎfiÌË Î·È Ó· ·Î˘ÚÒÛÔ˘Ó ÙËÓ fiÏË Ì·ıËÛȷ΋ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·: ÙÔÓ ÛÙfi¯Ô, ÙËÓ Ì¤ıÔ‰Ô, ÙËÓ ‡ÏË, Ù· ‚È‚Ï›·, ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ·. O ÛÙfi¯Ô˜: E›Ó·È ηıÔÚÈÛÙÈ΋˜ ÛËÌ·Û›·˜ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ‰È‰¿ÛÎÔÓÙ· Ó· ¤¯ÂÈ ÂÓÙÂÏÒ˜ ·ÔÛ·ÊËÓÈṲ̂ÓÔ ÙÔÓ ÙÂÏÈÎfi ÛÙfi¯Ô Ù˘ fiÏ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·˜ Ô˘ ÂÈ˙ËÙÂ›Ù·È ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ÂοÛÙÔÙ ̷ıËÙ‹ ÙÔ˘, [‰ËÏ·‰‹ ÙÔ ÂȉȈÎfiÌÂÓÔ Â›‰Ô˜ (ÔÈfiÙËÙ·, ÔÏ˘ÌÔÚÊÈÎfiÙËÙ·, ‰È·¯ÚÔÓÈÎfiÙËÙ·) Ù˘ ÂÎÌ¿ıËÛ˘ Ù˘ ÁÏÒÛÛ·˜, ÙÔ Â›Â‰Ô Î·È ÙÔÓ ‚·ıÌfi Ù˘ ÂÈ˙ËÙÔ˘Ì¤Ó˘ Â΂¿ı˘ÓÛ˘ ·˘Ù‹˜ Ù˘ ÂÎÌ¿ıËÛ˘, ÙËÓ ·Ó·ÁηÈfiÙËÙ· / ÚÔÙÂÚ·ÈfiÙËÙ· ·fiÎÙËÛ˘ Ù˘ÈÎÒÓ ‰È·ÈÛÙ¢ÙËÚ›ˆÓ, ÙËÓ ÂÌ‚¤ÏÂÈ· Ù˘ ·ÍÈÔÔÈ‹Ûˆ˜ Ù˘, Î.Ô.Î.], ÒÛÙ ӷ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ηıÔÚ›ÛÂÈ Î·È Ó· ÔÚÁ·ÓÒÛÂÈ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈο ÛÙ·‰È·ÎÔ‡˜ ÛÙfi¯Ô˘˜ Î·È Ó· ÂÈϤÍÂÈ ÙËÓ Ï¤ÔÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈ΋ Î·È “ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈ΋” ̤ıÔ‰Ô Ô˘ ı· ÙÔÓ Ô‰ËÁ‹ÛÂÈ ÛÙËÓ Â›Ù¢ÍË ·˘ÙÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ÁÂÓÈÎÔ‡ ÙÂÏÈÎÔ‡ ÛÙfi¯Ô˘. H ̤ıÔ‰Ô˜: ¶·Ú’ fiÏÔ Ô˘ Ë „˘¯ÔÏÔÁ›· Ù˘ Ì¿ıËÛ˘ ·Ú·ı¤ÙÂÈ Ù· Ï·›ÛÈ·, ÙȘ ÚÔ¸Ôı¤ÛÂȘ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ fiÚÔ˘˜ Ô˘ ··ÈÙ› Ë ÂÈÙ˘¯Ë̤ÓË ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹ ÂοÛÙ˘ ÙˆÓ ÌÂıfi‰ˆÓ Ô˘ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÛÙÔ‡Ó
æ˘¯Ô...ÁÚ¿ÊËÌ· ™Â οı Ù‡¯Ô˜ Ë ¤ÁÎÚÈÙË „˘¯ÔÏfiÁÔ˜ ŸÏÁ· °ÂÚÈÙÛ›‰Ô˘ ı· ··ÓÙ¿ ÛÙ· ÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù· Î·È Ù· e-mails Û·˜ Î·È ı· ‰›ÓÂÈ ··ÓÙ‹ÛÂȘ ÛÙ· ı¤Ì·Ù· Ô˘ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›˙ÂÙ ηıËÌÂÚÈÓ¿ ÛÙËÓ Ù¿ÍË.
Û ̛· Ì·ıËÛȷ΋ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·, Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Á›ÓÂÈ ÂȉÈ΋ ÂÈÛ‹Ì·ÓÛË ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÛÙ·ÛË Ô˘ ÂÈÎÚ·Ù› ˆ˜ › ÙÔ Ï›ÛÙÔÓ ÛÙÔ ÙÔ›Ô Ù˘ ÍÂÓfiÁψÛÛ˘ Âη›‰Â˘Û˘ ÛÙËÓ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓË ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·. EÓ¿ÓÙÈ· ÛÙËÓ ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋ ÙÔÔı¤ÙËÛË fiÙÈ Ë ÂӉ‰ÂÈÁ̤ÓË ‰È‰·ÎÙÈ΋ ̤ıÔ‰Ô˜ ÔÈΛÏÂÈ ·Ó·ÏfiÁˆ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂοÛÙÔÙ ÂÈ˙ËÙÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ˘ ÙÂÏÈÎÔ‡ ÛÙfi¯Ô˘, ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÚÈÔÚÈÛÌÔ‡˜ Ô˘ ı¤ÙÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙȘ ˘fiÏÔȘ ·Ú·Ì¤ÙÚÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ ηٿÛÙ·Û˘ (.¯. ¯ÚÔÓÈο ÂÚÈıÒÚÈ·, ̤ÁÂıÔ˜ Î·È Û‡ÛÙ·ÛË ÙÌ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜, Î.Ï.), Î·È ÙȘ ÌÂÙ·‚ÏËÙ¤˜ Ô˘ ÂÈÛ¿ÁÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ ›‰ÈÔ ÙÔÓ Ì·ıËÙ‹, ·Ú·ÙËÚÂ›Ù·È Û ÂıÓÈÎfi Â›Â‰Ô Ì›· ÂȂ‚ÏË̤ÓË Î·ıȤڈÛË Û˘Áί˘Ì¤ÓˆÓ ‰È‰·ÎÙÈÎÒÓ Î·Ù·ÛÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È ˆ˜ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ¤˜ ÙÔ˘ “ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓÈ·ÎÔ‡” ÌÔÓÙ¤ÏÔ˘, ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ fï˜ ηıÒ˜ ‰ÂÓ ÙËÚÔ‡Ó Î·ÌÌ›· ·fi ÙȘ ÚԉȷÁڷʤ˜, ÙȘ ÚÔ¸Ôı¤ÛÂȘ Î·È ÙȘ ··ÈÙ‹ÛÂȘ ÂÈÙ˘¯Ô‡˜ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹˜ ·˘ÙÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ÌÔÓÙ¤ÏÔ˘ ‰ÂÓ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Ù· ÂÈı˘ÌËÙ¿ ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· Ô˘ ıˆÚËÙÈο ÂÁÁ˘¿Ù·È Ë Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓË Ì¤ıÔ‰Ô˜. TÔ ÁÂÁÔÓfi˜ ·˘Ùfi Â›Ó·È ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈο ÙÂÎÌËÚȈ̤ÓÔ ·fi ÙȘ ÛÙ·ÙÈÛÙÈΤ˜ ÂÎÙÈÌ‹ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ÂȤ‰Ô˘ ÁψÛÛÔÌ¿ıÂÈ·˜ ÙˆÓ ¯ˆÚÒÓ Ù˘ E˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ŒÓˆÛ˘ (·fi ÙËÓ ›‰È· ÙËÓ
E.E.) Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ÔÔ›Ô˘˜ Ë EÏÏ¿‰· ·fi ÙÔ˘˜ ÚˆÙÔfiÚÔ˘˜ Ô˘ ‹Ù·Ó ηٿ ÙȘ ·Ï·ÈfiÙÂÚ˜ ‰ÂηÂٛ˜ ηٷٿÛÛÂÙ·È Ï¤ÔÓ ÌÂ
ÙÔ˘˜ Ô˘Ú·ÁÔ‡˜ ÙˆÓ 25. A˘Ùfi ·ÔÙÂÏ› Î·È Ì›· ›ÛËÌË ·fi‰ÂÈÍË fiÙÈ Ë ¿ÁÈ· ηıÔÏÈ΋ Ù·ÎÙÈ΋ Ô˘ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÂ›Ù·È Â› ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÓfiÏÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘Ô̤ÓÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ ·ÁÁÏÈ΋ ÁÏÒÛÛ· ÂÏÏËÓÈÎÔ‡ ÏËı˘ÛÌÔ‡ ‰ÂÓ ·Ô‰›‰ÂÈ ÙȘ ÂÂÓ‰‡ÛÂȘ (ÔÈÎÔÓÔÌÈΤ˜, ÂÓÂÚÁÂȷΤ˜, ÁÓˆÛÙÈΤ˜, Û˘Ó·ÈÛıËÌ·ÙÈΤ˜, ·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈΤ˜) Ô˘ Á›ÓÔÓÙ·È Ì ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ˜ ·ÍÈÔÚ›˜ Ì·ıËÛȷΤ˜ ·Ô‰fiÛÂȘ. H ‡ÏË: E›Ó·È ÏÔÁÈ΋ Û˘Ó·Áˆ-
Á‹ ÙˆÓ ÚÔËÁÔ˘Ì¤ÓˆÓ fiÙÈ Ô ÛÙfi¯Ô˜ Î·È Ë Ì¤ıÔ‰Ô˜ Ô˘ ·Â˘ı‡ÓÂÙ·È Î·È Â͢ËÚÂÙ› ÙȘ ··ÈÙ‹ÛÂȘ Î·È ·Ó¿ÁΘ ÂοÛÙÔ˘ Ì·ıËÙÈÎÔ‡ ÏËı˘ÛÌÔ‡, ÔÚÈÔıÂÙÔ‡Ó, ηıÔÚ›˙Ô˘Ó Î·È ··ÈÙÔ‡Ó: – ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎfi ÙÚfiÔ ÂÈÏÔÁ‹˜ ‡„Ô˘˜, ‚¿ıÔ˘˜ Î·È ¤ÎÙ·Û˘ Ù˘ ÚÔ˜ ÂÎÌ¿ıËÛË ‡Ï˘, – ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈ΋ ÔÚÁ¿ÓˆÛË Î·È ·ÚÔ˘Û›·ÛË Ù˘, – ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈ΋ ÂÂÍÂÚÁ·Û›·, Â̤‰ˆÛË Î·È ·ÊÔÌÔ›ˆÛË Ù˘ , Î·È ˆ˜ ÂÎ ÙÔ‡ÙÔ˘ ÂËÚ¿˙Ô˘Ó Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈο Ù· ‚È‚Ï›· Î·È ÙÔ ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ·. ∆· ‚È‚Ï›·: H ÏÔÁÈ΋ ‡·Ú͢ ÂÓfi˜ ‰È‰·ÎÙÈÎÔ‡ ‚È‚Ï›Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Ó· ‰È¢ÎÔχÓÂÈ ÙËÓ Ì·ıËÛȷ΋ ‰È·‰Èηۛ· ·) ÂÈÎÔ˘ÚÒÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ ÂÚÁ·Û›· ÙÔ˘ ηıËÁËÙ‹ ·ÓÙ·ÔÎÚÈÓfiÌÂÓÔ Î·È ÂÓÙ·ÛÛfiÌÂÓÔ ÛÙȘ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤Ó˜ ·Ó¿ÁΘ Ô˘ ÂΛÓÔ˜ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙˆ›˙ÂÈ ˆ˜ ¤Ó· ¯Ú‹ÛÈÌÔ Î·È ·ÎÚÈ‚¤˜ ÂÚÁ·Ï›Ô. ¢ËÏ·‰‹ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ‚È‚Ï›Ô Ô˘ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› Î·È Ó· ˘·ÎÔ‡ÂÈ ÙÔÓ ‰È‰¿ÛÎÔÓÙ·, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ ¤¯ÂÈ ÙËÓ ÁÓÒÛË, ÙËÓ Â›Ú·, ÙËÓ ÎÚÈÙÈ΋ ÛΤ„Ë Î·È ÙËÓ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ Î·È ÂÎÙ›ÌËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ··ÈÙ‹ÛÂˆÓ Ô˘ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÈ Ì›· Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓË ‰È‰·ÎÙÈ΋ ηٿÛÙ·ÛË, Î·È fi¯È Ô ‰È‰¿ÛÎˆÓ Ô˘ ˘Ô¯ÚÂÔ‡Ù·È Ó· ¢ı˘ÁÚ·ÌÌ›˙ÂÙ·È Î·È Ó· ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÙÔ ‚È‚Ï›Ô fiˆ˜ ÂÈ‚¿ÏÏÂÙ·È Ó· Á›ÓÂÙ·È.
∞˘ÛÙËÚfiÙÂÚÔÈ fiÚÔÈ ÁÈ· ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ÂÓËÌÂÚfiÙËÙ·˜ ∞˘ÛÙËÚfiÙÂÚ˜ ÚÔ¸Ôı¤ÛÂȘ ÁÈ· ÙË ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ÈÛÙÔÔÈËÙÈÎÒÓ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ÂÓËÌÂÚfiÙËÙ·˜ ıÂÛ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Ì ·fiÊ·ÛË ÙÔ˘ ˘Ê˘Ô˘ÚÁÔ‡ OÈÎÔÓÔÌ›·˜ Î·È OÈÎÔÓÔÌÈÎÒÓ ∞ÓÙ. ª¤˙·, ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ ÂÚÈÔÚÈÛÌÔ‡ Ù˘ ÊÔÚÔ‰È·Ê˘Á‹˜, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Ê·ÈÓÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ Î·Ù·ÛÙÚ·Ù‹ÁËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ Â˘ÓÔ˚ÎÒÓ ‰È·Ù¿ÍˆÓ, Ì ÙȘ Ôԛ˜ ‰ÈÓfiÙ·Ó Ë ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· Û ˘fi¯ÚÂÔ˘˜, ηٷ‚¿ÏÏÔÓÙ·˜ Ì›· ‹ ‰‡Ô ‰fiÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ÔÊÂÈÏÒÓ ÙÔ˘˜ Ó· Ï¿‚Ô˘Ó ÂÓËÌÂÚfiÙËÙ·. ™˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ, Ë ÂÓ ÏfiÁˆ ·fiÊ·ÛË Ô˘ ÈÛ¯‡ÂÈ ·fi ÙËÓ 1Ë ª·˝Ô˘ ÚԂϤÂÈ, ÌÂٷ͇ ¿ÏψÓ, fiÙÈ ÔÈ ¢OY ‰ÂÓ ı· ¯ÔÚËÁÔ‡Ó Ù· ·ÓˆÙ¤Úˆ ÈÛÙÔÔÈËÙÈο Û fiÛÔ˘˜ ‰ÂÓ ˘Ô‚¿ÏÔ˘Ó Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ÙÚ¤¯Ô˘Û· ¯Ú‹ÛË ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈΤ˜ ‰ËÏÒÛÂȘ º¶∞ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È Û fiÛÔ˘˜ ·Ì¤ÏËÛ·Ó Ó· ˘Ô‚¿ÏÔ˘Ó Î·Ù¿ ÚÔËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓ· ¤ÙË ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ‰ËÏÒÛÂȘ ÂÈÛÔ‰‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ‹ ·ÎfiÌË Î·È ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈΤ˜ ‹ ÂÎηı·ÚÈÛÙÈΤ˜ ‰ËÏÒÛÂȘ º¶∞. £· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·Ó·ÊÂÚı› fiÙÈ Ì ÙËÓ ›‰È· ·fiÊ·ÛË ·Ú¤¯ÂÙ·È Ë ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÚÔ¸Ûٷ̤ÓÔ˘˜ ÙˆÓ ¢OY Ó· ·ÚÓËıÔ‡Ó ÙË ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ÂÓËÌÂÚfiÙËÙ·˜ ÁÈ· ÌÂÙ·‚›‚·ÛË ·ÎÈÓ‹ÙˆÓ ÂÊfiÛÔÓ ÎÚ›ÓÔ˘Ó fiÙÈ ·fi ÙË ÌÂÙ·‚›‚·ÛË ·˘Ù‹ ‰ÂÓ ‰È·ÛÊ·Ï›˙ÔÓÙ·È Ù· Û˘ÌʤÚÔÓÙ· ÙÔ˘ ¢ËÌÔÛ›Ô˘, ÂÓÒ ·Ú¿ÏÏËÏ· ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ˙ËÙÔ‡Ó ·fi ÙȘ ÙÚ¿Â˙˜ Ó· ηٷÎÚ·ÙÔ‡Ó ÙȘ ÔÊÂÈϤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ˆÏËÙ‹ ·ÎÈÓ‹ÙÔ˘ ηٿ ÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ Û˘Ó·Êı› ‰¿ÓÂÈÔ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·fiÎÙËÛË ·ÎÈÓ‹ÙÔ˘ ÂΠ̤ÚÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘ ·ÁÔÚ·ÛÙ‹. ∞Í›˙ÂÈ Â›Û˘ Ó· ÛËÌÂȈı› fiÙÈ ·Ô‰ÂÈÎÙÈÎfi ÊÔÚÔÏÔ-
ÁÈ΋˜ ÂÓËÌÂÚfiÙËÙ·˜ ˘Ô¯ÚÂÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ ÂÓ·ÚÌfiÓÈÛ˘ Ù˘ ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋˜ Ì ÙËÓ ÎÔÈÓÔÙÈ΋ ÓÔÌÔıÂÛ›· Ó· ¤¯Ô˘Ó Î·È fiÛÔÈ Û˘ÌÌÂÙ¤¯Ô˘Ó Û ¤ÚÁ· ‹ ÚÔÌ‹ıÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ¢ËÌÔÛ›Ô˘ Î·È ÙˆÓ OTA.
∆È ÚԂϤÂÈ Ë ·fiÊ·ÛË ∏ ·fiÊ·ÛË Ô˘ ÈÛ¯‡ÂÈ ·fi ÙËÓ 1Ë ª·˝Ô˘ ÚԂϤÂÈ ÌÂٷ͇ ¿ÏÏˆÓ fiÙÈ: OÈ ¢OY ‰ÂÓ ı· ¯ÔÚËÁÔ‡Ó ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈ΋ ÂÓËÌÂÚfiÙËÙ·: ñ ™Â fiÛÔ˘˜ ‰ÂÓ ˘Ô‚¿ÏÔ˘Ó Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ÙÚ¤¯Ô˘Û· ¯Ú‹ÛË ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈΤ˜ ‰ËÏÒÛÂȘ º¶∞. ñ ™Â fiÛÔ˘˜ ·Ì¤ÏËÛ·Ó Ó· ˘Ô‚¿ÏÔ˘Ó Î·Ù¿ ÚÔËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓ· ¤ÙË ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ‰ËÏÒÛÂȘ ÂÈÛÔ‰‹Ì·ÙÔ˜. ñ ™Â fiÛÔ˘˜ ‰ÂÓ ˘¤‚·Ï·Ó ηٿ ÚÔËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓ· ¤ÙË ÂÚÈÔ‰ÈΤ˜ ‹ ÂÎηı·ÚÈÛÙÈΤ˜ ‰ËÏÒÛÂȘ º¶∞. ™ÙÔ˘˜ ÚÔ˚Ûٷ̤ÓÔ˘˜ ÙˆÓ ¢OY ·Ú¤¯ÂÙ·È Ë ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ·: ñ ¡· ·ÚÓËıÔ‡Ó ÙË ¯ÔÚ‹ÁËÛË ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ÂÓËÌÂÚfiÙËÙ·˜ ÁÈ· ÌÂÙ·‚›‚·ÛË ·ÎÈÓ‹ÙˆÓ ÂÊfiÛÔÓ ÎÚ›ÓÔ˘Ó fiÙÈ ·fi ÙË ÌÂÙ·‚›‚·ÛË ·˘Ù‹ ‰ÂÓ ‰È·ÛÊ·Ï›˙ÔÓÙ·È Ù· Û˘ÌʤÚÔÓÙ· ÙÔ˘ ¢ËÌÔÛ›Ô˘. ñ ¡· ˙ËÙÔ‡Ó ·fi ÙȘ ÙÚ¿Â˙˜ Ó· ηٷÎÚ·ÙÔ‡Ó ÙȘ ÔÊÂÈϤ˜ ÙÔ˘ ˆÏËÙ‹ ·ÎÈÓ‹ÙÔ˘ ηٿ ÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ Û˘Ó·Êı› ‰¿ÓÂÈÔ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ·fiÎÙËÛË ·ÎÈÓ‹ÙÔ˘ ÂΠ̤ÚÔ˘˜ ÙÔ˘ ·ÁÔÚ·ÛÙ‹.
E‰Ò Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Á›ÓÂÈ Ë ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈ΋ ÂÈÛ‹Ì·ÓÛË fiÙÈ ·Ú’ fiÏÔ ÙÔÓ Ê·ÈÓÔÌÂÓÈÎfi ÏÔ˘Ú·ÏÈÛÌfi ‰È‰·ÎÙÈÎÒÓ ‚È‚Ï›ˆÓ ÛÙÔÓ ¯ÒÚÔ Ù˘ ÍÂÓfiÁψÛÛ˘ Âη›‰Â˘Û˘, Ë ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈ΋ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ˘Ô‰ÂÈÎÓ‡ÂÈ fiÙÈ Ì ÎÚÈÙ‹ÚÈ· ÁÓˆÛÙÈ΋˜ ·Ó¿Ï˘Û˘ Î·È ·Ó¿Ï˘Û˘ ÂÚȯÔ̤ÓÔ˘ Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈο ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È Ë ›‰È· (fast food) Û˘ÓÙ·Á‹ ÛÂÚ‚ÈÚÈṲ̂ÓË ·fi ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈο (outlets), Ù· ÔÔ›· ‰ÂÓ Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÔ˘Ó Î·ıfiÏÔ˘ ˘’ fi„Ë ÙËÓ È‰È·ÈÙÂÚfiÙËÙ·, ÙȘ ·Ó¿ÁΘ Î·È ÙȘ ··ÈÙ‹ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ÏËı˘ÛÌÔ‡ ÛÙÔÓ ÔÔ›ÔÓ ·Â˘ı‡ÓÔÓÙ·È Ô‡Ù Û ÁÓˆÛÙÈÎfi, Ô‡Ù Û ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÈÎfi, Î·È Û·Ê¤Ûٷٷ Î·È ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfiÙÂÚ· Ô‡Ù Û ·ÍÈÔÚ¤˜ ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎfi ›‰Ô. ‚) ˘ÔÛÙËÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·˜ ÙËÓ Ì·ıËÛȷ΋ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ Ì·ıËÙ‹ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈο Î·È ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈο ÂÓÙ·ÛÛfiÌÂÓÔ ÛÙȘ ·Ó¿ÁΘ ÙÔ˘ Î·È Â͢ËÚÂÙÒÓÙ·˜ Ù· ·ÙÔÌÈο ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÌʤÚÔÓÙ· Î·È Ì·ıËÛȷΤ˜ ··ÈÙ‹ÛÂȘ. E›Ó·È fï˜ ÎÔÈÓ‹ ‰È·›ÛÙˆÛË ÙfiÛÔ ÙÔ˘ ¤ÌÂÈÚÔ˘ Î·È ÂÈÏÈÎÚÈÓÔ‡˜ ηıËÁËÙ‹ fiÛÔ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÛÔ‚·ÚÒÓ ÂÈÛÙËÌfiÓˆÓ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÁÓÒÛË Î·È Â›ÁÓˆÛË Ù˘ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ Ô˘ ÂÈÎÚ·Ù› ÛÙËÓ Âη›‰Â˘ÛË, fiÙÈ ÙÔ Î·Ù·ÈÁÈÛÙÈÎfi ÔÛÔÛÙfi ÙˆÓ ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ˘Ì¤ÓˆÓ ‚È‚Ï›ˆÓ ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÙÔÓ ‚·ÛÈÎfiÙÂÚÔ ·Ú¿ÁÔÓÙ· ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜ Ì·ıËÛÈ·ÎÒÓ ÚÔ‚ÏËÌ¿ÙˆÓ Î·Ù¿ ÙËÓ ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ Ì·ıËÛȷ΋˜ ‰È·‰Èηۛ·˜ ηıÒ˜ ÂÈ‚¿ÏÏÔ˘Ó Ì›· Ì˯·ÓÈÛÙÈ΋, Ù¯ÓËÙ‹, ·Û‡Ì‚·ÙË Î·È ·Ó¤ÊÈÎÙË Ì ÙËÓ Â˘Ú‡ÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ ÁÓˆÛÙÈÎÒÓ ‰È·‰ÈηÛÈÒÓ ÚÔÛÔÌÔ›ˆÛË Ì·ıËÛÈ·ÎÒÓ ‰È·‰ÈηÛÈÒÓ Î·È ÛÙfi¯ˆÓ. M·˙› ‰Â Ì’ ¤Ó· ¿Î·ÌÙÔ Î·È ·ÓÔÌÔÈfiÙ˘Ô ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ·, ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô Î·ıÔÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ÙfiÛÔ ·fi Ù· ›‰È· Ù· ‚È‚Ï›· Ì ÙȘ ··ÈÙ‹ÛÂȘ Ù˘ ¿Ù·ÎÙ˘ Î·È ¿Ó·Ú¯Ë˜ Û˘Ì‡ÎÓˆÛ˘ Ù˘ ‡Ï˘ Ô˘ ı¤ÙÔ˘Ó Ë ÔÔ›· Â›Ó·È ·Û‡Ì‚·ÙË Ì ÙÔ˘˜ ·Ó·Ù˘ÍÈ·ÎÔ‡˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ Ì·ıËÛÈ·ÎÔ‡˜ Ú˘ıÌÔ‡˜, ·ÔÙÂÏÔ‡Ó ÙÔ˘˜ ÚˆÙÂÚÁ¿Ù˜ Ù˘ ÂÈÎfiÓ·˜ Ù˘ ÁÓˆÛÙÈ΋˜ ‰˘ÛÚ·Á›·˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÛÈ·ÎÒÓ ‰˘ÛÎÔÏÈÒÓ Ô˘ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓË ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋ ÂÈÎfiÓ· Î·È Ê¤ÚÓÔ˘Ó Û ··Í›ˆÛË ÙÔ˘˜ ηıËÁËÙ¤˜, Û ·fiÁÓˆÛË ÙÔ˘˜ ÁÔÓ›˜ Î·È ÌˉÂÓ›˙Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ·˘ÙÔÂÎÙ›ÌËÛË, ·˘ÙÔÂÔ›ıËÛË Î·È Î›ÓËÙÚÔ Â›Ù¢Í˘ ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ. °›ÓÂÙ·È Û˘ÓÂÒ˜ ÂÌÊ·Ó‹˜ Ë ·Ú¤Ì‚·ÛË Ô˘ ‰‡Ó·Ù·È Î·È ··ÈÙÂ›Ù·È Ó· οÓÂÈ Ô ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi˜ ÒÛÙ ӷ ‰ÈÔÚıÒÛÂÈ Ù· Ï¿ıË Ù˘ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈ΋˜ ·ÓÙÈÌÂÙÒÈÛ˘ Î·È Ù·ÎÙÈ΋˜ Ô˘ Û ¤Ó· ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ÔÛÔÛÙfi ¢ı‡ÓÔÓÙ·È Î·È ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡Ó ÙȘ Ì·ıËÛȷΤ˜ ‰˘ÛÎÔϛ˜ Ô˘ ‰˘Û¯ÂÚ·›ÓÔ˘Ó ÙÔ ¤ÚÁÔ ÙÔ˘.
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Talk to the avatar Could interaction in online virtual worlds take distance learning to its next dimension?
EUROPEAN LANGUAGE LABEL
E˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ™‹Ì· °ÏˆÛÛÒÓ – 2007
Gavin Dudeney and Nicky Hockly, Guardian Weekly arvard University are running classes there, and so are Trinity College Dublin. Suzanne Vega performs there, and Kurt Vonnegut talks about his writings "in-world". You can take a class in creative writing or become a video director, all from the comfort of your own home.
(blogs.law.harvard.edu/cyberone/). There are also a growing number of discussion forums dedicated to exploring the potential for education in SL. According to those developing education resources for SL it is the "virtual eye contact" that users experience that sets it apart from other online learning platforms.
The place is Second Life (SL), a three-dimensional online synchronous environment, otherwise known as a Multi-User Virtual Environment, or Muve. Think of a video game, where you can take on a three-dimensional character (or avatar) and visit an entire "world", populated by real people who are accessing SL from their own computers. Founded in 2003 by Philip Rosedale, a pioneering web developer with the Californiabased company Real Networks, SL is a virtual world that currently has more than 800,000 members, each with their own avatar, a "cartoon" representation of their real self. The SL world has parks, shops, schools, museums, islands and beaches all designed and maintained by the residents. It is also supported by an economy fuelled by "Linden dollars" - if you want to look good in SL, then you'll need to buy virtual clothes, designed by one of your fellow residents. You can buy virtual land, build a house (or have an SL architect design one for you) and fill it up with virtual furniture. It is this versatility that is prompting people to move from more traditional networked communication tools, such as Microsoft Messenger, to a place where they can invite their friends round. And this new means of communicating is attracting the attention of educators and language teachers. One of the first education presences on SL is a course in "cyber law" taught under the auspices of Harvard Law School
Much online teaching is currently done via Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) - one of the most popular being Moodle. But while VLEs are excellent at delivering materials and combining practical tools, they tend to produce rather dry social communication. For this reason educators are starting to look beyond VLEs to something that emulates the real world in a more recognisable form. One such project - Sloodle - aims to combine the content delivery, structured learning and student tracking of a VLE, with the welcoming social space of a Muve. The most significant difference between a Muve and other distance training platforms is the opportunity it gives to incorporate non-verbal forms of communication. SL classes that we have observed appear more "real" and warm. One has more of a sense of the person behind the text or voice - enhanced by the clothing they have chosen and how they behave. This may prove to have the most impact in language training and teaching. Behaviour takes on a new significance in SL. In an English class led by "Intellagirl Tully", which meets once a week in real life and once in SL, students incorporate "physical" activities during group sessions, such as building structures. Meanwhile tools that facilitate teaching are beginning to appear. One educator in SL, "Angrybeth Shortbread", has designed a "HandUp Chair" which, when sat on, raises your avatar arm to
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attract attention. This, and many other SL educational tools, can be explored at MetaLab. SL is particularly adept at handling media, supporting a variety of audio and video sources. One can listen to podcasts, or watch videos such as those provided by the EducationGuardian.co.uk and Teachers TV. This can be done as a group in class so allowing for follow-up discussion. Groups can also get together to watch Powerpoint presentations, with audio commentary by the presenter. Users can communicate among each other using public text chat (which everyone can read), private instant messaging, or even voice chat. All these tools offer a rich environment for language education. It is still too early to draw any final conclusions about the educational possibilities of virtual environments. However, the anecdotal evidence from the classes we have observed in SL suggests that both learners and teachers find it a less intimidating way of working than other distance tools. This is certainly the view of one of the participants in Intellagirl Tully's class blog. "I feel like we are breaking new barriers for what education can be. . . I think it's a great way for people who are shy to communicate in class. With having the distance between you and the other people its easier to talk to complete strangers and not worry what they will think about you." And that may just be the starting point for language education. Time to get a Muve on. ñ Gavin Dudeney and Nicky Hockly are co-directors of The Consultants-E (www.theconsultants-e.com) and are developing a Second Life educational island EduNation. EducationGuardian.co.uk © Guardian News and Media Limited 2007 Second Life http://www.secondlife.com/ Sloodle http://www.sloodle.com/ Intellagirl Tully http://eng104sl.intellagirl.com/ http://education.guardian.co.uk/
E˘Úˆ·˚Îfi˜ ¢È·ÁˆÓÈÛÌfi˜ °ÏˆÛÛÒÓ ‰ÈÂÍ¿ÁÂÙ·È Î¿ı ¯ÚfiÓÔ ÛÙȘ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ Â˘Úˆ·˚Τ˜ ¯ÒÚ˜ Î·È ÛÙԯ‡ÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ÂÈÏÔÁ‹ ηÈÓÔÙfiÌˆÓ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ¿ÙˆÓ ‰È‰·Ûηϛ·˜ Î·È ÂÎÌ¿ıËÛ˘ Í¤ÓˆÓ ÁψÛÛÒÓ Î·È ÙË ‚Ú¿‚Â˘Û‹ ÙÔ˘˜ Ì ÙÔ E˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ™‹Ì· °ÏˆÛÛÒÓ (European Language Label). ™ÙËÓ EÏÏ¿‰·, Ô OÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌfi˜ E·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ Eη›‰Â˘Û˘ Î·È K·Ù¿ÚÙÈÛ˘ (O.E.E.K.) Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙËÓ ˘Ô˘ÚÁÈ΋ ·fiÊ·ÛË 37927/IA/04-04-2007, ¤¯ÂÈ ÔÚÈÛÙ› Ó· ˘ÏÔÔÈ‹ÛÂÈ ÙËÓ E˘Úˆ·˚΋ ‰Ú¿ÛË “European Language Label” ÁÈ· ÙÔ ¤ÙÔ˜ 2007, ÛÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ¶ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ ¢È· B›Ô˘ M¿ıËÛ˘ ÁÈ· ÙÔ ÔÔ›Ô ˘Â‡ı˘ÓÔ˜ ÊÔÚ¤·˜ Â›Ó·È ÙÔ ÿ‰Ú˘Ì· KÚ·ÙÈÎÒÓ YÔÙÚÔÊÈÒÓ (IKY). °È· ÙËÓ ÂÈÙ˘¯¤ÛÙÂÚË ˘ÏÔÔ›ËÛË Î·È ÚÔÒıËÛË Ù˘ ‰Ú¿Û˘ ·˘Ù‹˜, Ô O.E.E.K. ÚÔ‚·›ÓÂÈ Û ·ÓÔȯً ÚfiÛÎÏËÛË ÂΉ‹ÏˆÛ˘ ÂӉȷʤÚÔÓÙÔ˜ ·ÓÂÏÏ·‰È΋˜ ÂÌ‚¤ÏÂÈ·˜, ÚÔÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ Ó· ˘Ô‚ÏËıÔ‡Ó ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù· Ô˘ ÂÊ·ÚÌfi˙Ô˘Ó Î·ÈÓÔÙfiÌÔ˘˜ ÌÂıfi‰Ô˘˜ ‰È‰·Ûηϛ·˜ Î·È ÂÎÌ¿ıËÛ˘ Í¤ÓˆÓ ÁψÛÛÒÓ. OÈ ˘Ô‚ÏËı›Û˜ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ ı· ·ÍÈÔÏÔÁËıÔ‡Ó ·fi EÈÙÚÔ‹ AÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛ˘ Î·È fiÛ˜ ÏËÚÔ‡Ó ÙȘ ÚÔ¸Ôı¤ÛÂȘ ı· ‚Ú·‚¢ıÔ‡Ó Ì ÙÔ ÂȉÈÎfi ‰›ÏˆÌ· “European Language Label”. TÔ ÂȉÈÎfi ‰›ÏˆÌ· ı· ʤÚÂÈ ÙËÓ ˘ÔÁÚ·Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ·ÚÌfi‰ÈÔ˘ EÈÙÚfiÔ˘ Ù˘ E˘Úˆ·˚΋˜ ŒÓˆÛ˘ Î·È Ù˘ YÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡ EıÓÈ΋˜ ¶·È‰Â›·˜ Î·È £ÚËÛÎÂ˘Ì¿ÙˆÓ. H ‚Ú¿‚¢ÛË ı· Á›ÓÂÈ Û EȉÈ΋ TÂÏÂÙ‹-EΉ‹ÏˆÛË, ·ÚÔ˘Û›· ÙˆÓ M¤ÛˆÓ M·˙È΋˜ EÓË̤ڈÛ˘. T· ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈο ȉڇ̷ٷ Î·È ÌÂÌÔӈ̤ӷ ¿ÙÔÌ·, ÛÙ· ÔÔ›· ı· ·ÔÓÂÌËı› ÙÔ «E˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ™‹Ì· °ÏˆÛÛÒÓ» ı· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÙÔ ‰Èη›ˆÌ· Ó· ¯ÚËÛÈ-
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¢IMHNIAIA EºHMEPI¢A °IA TON K§A¢O TH™ •ENO°§ø™™H™ EK¶AI¢EY™H™ ñ I‰ÈÔÎÙËÛ›·: °. ¶·¯¿Î˘ - Œ„ÈÏÔÓ °Ú·ÊÈΤ˜ T¤¯Ó˜ ñ EΉfiÙ˘: °. ¶·¯¿Î˘ ñ ¢È¢ı˘ÓÙ‹˜: °. ¶·¯¿Î˘ ñ AÙÂÏȤ: MEMºI™ AE, ™ˆÎÚ¿ÙÔ˘˜ 23, Aı‹Ó·, TËÏ.: 210-5240728 ñ EÎÙ‡ˆÛË: MÔ˘ÎÔ˘‚¿Ï·˜ AE ∂ÈÙÚ¤ÂÙ·È Ë ÌÂÚÈ΋ ‹ ÔÏÈ΋ ·Ó·‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘ÛË ‹ ÁÈ· ÔÔÈÔÓ‰‹ÔÙ ÏfiÁÔ ¯Ú‹ÛË Ì¤ÚÔ˘˜ ‹ fiÏ˘ Ù˘ ‡Ï˘ Ù˘ ÂÊËÌÂÚ›‰·˜ Ì ··Ú·›ÙËÙË ÚÔ¸fiıÂÛË ÙËÓ ¤ÁÁÚ·ÊË ¿‰ÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ÂΉfiÙË.
ÌÔÔÈÔ‡Ó ÙÔ ÏÔÁfiÙ˘Ô ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ “European Language Label” Û fiϘ ÙȘ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ¤˜ ÙÔ˘˜. ™ÙÔ ÏÔÁfiÙ˘Ô ı· ·Ó·ÁÚ¿ÊÂÙ·È ˘Ô¯ÚˆÙÈο ÙÔ ¤ÙÔ˜ ·ÔÓÔÌ‹˜ Ù˘ ¢È¿ÎÚÈÛ˘. H ıÂÌ·ÙÈ΋ ÚÔÙÂÚ·ÈfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ ¢È·ÁˆÓÈÛÌÔ‡ Label ÁÈ· ÙÔ ¤ÙÔ˜ 2007 ›ӷÈ: “¢È·ÊÔÚÔÔ›ËÛË Î·È ÔÈÎÈÏ›· ÛÙȘ ÚÔÛÊÂÚfiÌÂÓ˜ ÁÏÒÛÛ˜” (Diversification of the languages on offer). EÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈο ȉڇ̷ٷ Î·È Û¯ÔÏ›· ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ·›ÍÔ˘Ó ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈο ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈÎfi ÚfiÏÔ ÛÙËÓ ÚÔÒıËÛË Ù˘ ÁψÛÛÈ΋˜ ÔÈÎÈÏÔÌÔÚÊ›·˜ ‰È¢ڇÓÔÓÙ·˜ ÙÔ Ê¿ÛÌ· ÙˆÓ ‰È‰·ÛÎfiÌÂÓˆÓ ÁψÛÛÒÓ. O ¢È·ÁˆÓÈÛÌfi˜ Label 2007 ÛÙԯ‡ÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ·Ó¿‰ÂÈÍË ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ô˘ ÚÔÙ›ÓÔ˘Ó ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÈÎÔ‡˜ ÙÚfiÔ˘˜ ‰È‰·Ûηϛ·˜ ÁψÛÛÒÓ Î·È ÂȉÈο ·˘ÙÒÓ ÙˆÓ ÁψÛÛÒÓ Ô˘ ÔÌÈÏÔ‡ÓÙ·È Î·È ‰È‰¿ÛÎÔÓÙ·È ÏÈÁfiÙÂÚÔ. °È· ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ·, ·ÊÔÚ¿ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù· Ô˘ Û¯ÂÙ›˙ÔÓÙ·È Ì ÙË ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· ‰ÈÎÙ‡ˆÓ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎÒÓ ÊÔÚ¤ˆÓ, ‹ ÙËÓ ·ÍÈÔÔ›ËÛË Ù˘ ÙÔÈ΋˜ ÎÔÈÓfiÙËÙ·˜ (.¯. ·ÏÏÔ‰·ÒÓ Î·ÙԛΈÓ, ÌÂÙ·Ó·ÛÙÒÓ, ˘Â‡ı˘ÓˆÓ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ ÎÏ.), ‹ ÙËÓ Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÔ›ËÛË ·ÓÙ·ÏÏ·ÁÒÓ. E›Û˘, ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÂÈ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù· Ô˘ ·ÍÈÔÔÈÔ‡Ó ÌË-Ù˘Èο Î·È ¿Ù˘· ̤۷ ·ÚÔ¯‹˜ Âη›‰Â˘Û˘, fiˆ˜ ‚È‚ÏÈÔı‹Î˜, Ú·‰ÈÔʈÓÈο ‹ ÙËÏÂÔÙÈο ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù·, ÚÔÎÂÈ̤ÓÔ˘ Ó· ¢·ÈÛıËÙÔÔÈ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÙÔ ÎÔÈÓfi Û ı¤Ì·Ù· ÁψÛÛÈ΋˜ ÔÈÎÈÏÔÌÔÚÊ›·˜. OÈ ÂӉȷÊÂÚfiÌÂÓÔÈ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ÂÓËÌÂÚÒÓÔÓÙ·È ÁÈ· ÙÔ ¢È·ÁˆÓÈÛÌfi Label 2007 ̤ۈ Ù˘ ÈÛÙÔÛÂÏ›‰·˜ Ù˘ ‰Ú¿Û˘ (http://label.oeek.gr). H ·›ÙËÛË Û˘ÌÌÂÙÔ¯‹˜ ‰È·Ù›ıÂÙ·È Û ËÏÂÎÙÚÔÓÈ΋ ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÛÙÔ ‰È·‰›ÎÙ˘Ô Î·È Û ¤ÓÙ˘Ë ÌÔÚÊ‹ ·fi ÙÔ TÌ‹Ì· ÙˆÓ E˘Úˆ·˚ÎÒÓ £ÂÌ¿ÙˆÓ, ¢È‡ı˘ÓÛË E˘Úˆ·˚ÎÒÓ Î·È ¢ÈÂıÓÒÓ ™¯¤ÛÂˆÓ ÙÔ˘ O.E.E.K. ∆ËÏ. 210-2709108/09/10/11 º·Í: 210-2772208 e-mail: [email protected] // [email protected] H Ï‹ÍË ÚÔıÂÛÌ›·˜ ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹˜ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ ¤¯ÂÈ ÔÚÈÛÙ› ÁÈ· ÙȘ 10 OÎÙˆ‚Ú›Ô˘ 2007 Î·È Ë TÂÏÂÙ‹ AÔÓÔÌ‹˜-BÚ¿‚¢ÛË ÙˆÓ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ ¢ÂΤ̂ÚÈÔ 2007.
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ªÂ Ó¤· Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·Ù· ÔÈ ÊÔÚÔ¤ÏÂÁ¯ÔÈ ÂÙ·ÈÚÂÈÒÓ Î·È Â·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈÒÓ ™˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ·fi ÙË ÛÏÂ. 10
Á. ŸÙ·Ó ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈΤ˜ ·Ú·‚¿ÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ∫µ™ ‹ ‰ÂÏÙ›· ÏËÚÔÊÔÚÈÒÓ ‹ ¿ÏÏ· ÛÙÔȯ›· ÁÈ· ÊÔÚÔ‰È·Ê˘Á‹. ‰. ŸÙ·Ó ‰ÂÓ ˘Ô‚Ï‹ıËÎ·Ó ‰ËÏÒÛÂȘ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁ›·˜ ÂÈÛÔ‰‹Ì·ÙÔ˜, º¶∞ ‹ ¿ÏÏˆÓ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ ·ÓÙÈÎÂÈ̤ӈÓ. Â. ŸÙ·Ó ˘Ê›ÛÙ·ÓÙ·È ÌÂÁ¿Ï· ÈÛÙˆÙÈο ˘fiÏÔÈ· º¶∞ Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ‰ÈηÈÔÏÔÁÔ‡ÓÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ·˜ Ù˘ Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘. ÛÙ. ™Â ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ηٿۯÂÛ˘ ‚È‚Ï›ˆÓ Î·È ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ ‹ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ Ù·ÌÈ·ÎÒÓ Ì˯·ÓÒÓ ‹ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ Ì˯·ÓÈÛÌÒÓ. ˙. ™Â ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ·ÒÏÂÈ·˜ ‚È‚Ï›ˆÓ Î·È ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ ‹ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ Ù·ÌÈ·ÎÒÓ Ì˯·ÓÒÓ ‹ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ Ì˯·ÓÈÛÌÒÓ. Ë. ŸÙ·Ó ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂȘ ·ÚÔ¯‹˜ ˘ËÚÂÛÈÒÓ Ô˘ ‰ÂÓ ‰È·ı¤ÙÔ˘Ó ·ÍÈfiÏÔÁ· ·Ôı¤Ì·Ù· ‹ ÂχıÂÚÔÈ Â·ÁÁÂÏ̷ٛ˜ ‰‹ÏˆÛ·Ó ÌÂÁ¿Ï· ÔÛ¿ ‰··ÓÒÓ. ı. ŸÙ·Ó Ù· ηı·Ú¿ Î¤Ú‰Ë ‰ÂÓ ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚ›ÛÙËÎ·Ó Î·Ù¿ ÙȘ ΛÌÂÓ˜ ‰È·Ù¿ÍÂȘ ‹ ‰ÂÓ ÂÊ·ÚÌfiÛÙËÎÂ Ô ÚÔ‚ÏÂfiÌÂÓÔ˜ Û˘ÓÙÂÏÂÛÙ‹˜ ηı·ÚÒÓ ÎÂÚ‰ÒÓ ÂÊfiÛÔÓ ÚԂϤÂÙ·È Ô Â͈ÏÔÁÈÛÙÈÎfi˜ ÚÔÛ‰ÈÔÚÈÛÌfi˜ ÙÔ˘˜.
ºÔÚÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜-EÚÁ·ÙÈΤ˜ ˘Ô¯ÚÂÒÛÂȘ K¤ÓÙÚˆÓ •¤ÓˆÓ °ÏˆÛÛÒÓ
È. ŸÙ·Ó ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ·‰ÈηÈÔÏfiÁËÙË ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿ ÌÂٷ͇ Û˘ÌÏËڈ̷ÙÈÎÒÓ ÛÙÔȯ›ˆÓ ÙˆÓ ‰ËÏÒÛÂˆÓ ÊÔÚÔÏÔÁ›·˜ ÂÈÛÔ‰‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Î·È ‰ËÏÒÛÂˆÓ º¶∞. È·. ŸÙ·Ó ¤ÁÈÓ ¯Ú‹ÛË ·Ó·Ù˘ÍÈ·ÎÒÓ ÓfïÓ. È‚. ™Â ÂÚÈÙÒÛÂȘ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹ÛÂˆÓ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Ù‡¯ÂÈ ··ÏÏ·Á‹˜ ·fi ÙÔ º¶∞. ÈÁ. ŸÙ·Ó ηٿ ÙÔÓ ÚÒÙÔ ¯ÚfiÓÔ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜ Ù˘ Âȯ›ÚËÛ˘ ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÔÓÙ·È ˘¤ÚÔÁη ÔÛ¿ ÂÓ‰ÔÎÔÈÓÔÙÈÎÒÓ Û˘Ó·ÏÏ·ÁÒÓ ‹ ‰˘Û·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ù¤ÙÔÈ· ÔÛ¿ Û ۯ¤ÛË Ì ÙÔ Û˘Ó‹ıË ÂÙ‹ÛÈÔ Î‡ÎÏÔ ÂÚÁ·ÛÈÒÓ Ù˘. ȉ. ŸÙ·Ó ηٿ ÙÔ ¯ÚfiÓÔ ÂÈÏÔÁ‹˜ ÁÈ· ¤ÏÂÁ¯Ô ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ‰È·ı¤ÛÈÌ· ÛÙÔȯ›· ÛÙËÓ ·ÚÌfi‰È· ÂÏÂÁÎÙÈ΋ ˘ËÚÂÛ›· ÁÈ· ·Ó·Ï·Ì‚·ÓfiÌÂÓ˜ ·ÈÙ‹ÛÂȘ ·fi ¿ÏÏ· ÎÚ¿ÙË-̤ÏË ÁÈ· ·ÌÔÈ‚·›· Û˘Ó‰ÚÔÌ‹. ÈÂ. ™Â ‰ËÏÒÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ÔÔ›ˆÓ ›ÎÂÈÙ·È Ô ¯ÚfiÓÔ˜ ·Ú·ÁÚ·Ê‹˜ Ì ٷ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ· ÂÈÛÔ‰‹Ì·Ù·. ÈÛÙ. ™Â ‰ËÏÒÛÂȘ Ì ٷ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚ· ·Î·ı¿ÚÈÛÙ· ÂÈÛÔ‰‹Ì·Ù· ·fi οı ηÙËÁÔÚ›·. (∞Ó·‰ËÌÔÛ›Â˘ÛË ·fi ÙÔ ¢ÂÏÙ›Ô ∂·ÁÁÂÏÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ∂ÈÌÂÏËÙËÚ›Ô˘ ¶ÂÈÚ·ÈÒ˜)
™E¶TEMBPIO™ ñAfi 20/9 ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹ ÛÙË ¢.O.Y. ¶ÚÔÛˆÚÈÓ‹˜ ¢‹ÏˆÛ˘ ÁÈ· ÙÔ º.M.Y. Ô˘ ·Ú·ÎÚ·Ù‹ıËΠÛÙÔ ‰›ÌËÓÔ 1/7-31/8 ñ M¤¯ÚÈ 30/9 ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹ ÛÙË ¢.O.Y. Û˘ÁÎÂÓÙÚˆÙÈÎÒÓ Î·Ù·ÛÙ¿ÛÂˆÓ ÚÔÌËı¢ÙÒÓ Î·È ÂÏ·ÙÒÓ (YÔ‚ÔÏ‹ ̤ۈ Internet) ñ M¤¯ÚÈ 30/9 ÏËڈ̋ ÂÈÛÊÔÚÒÓ IKA A˘ÁÔ‡ÛÙÔ˘ ñ EÓÙfi˜ 8 ËÌÂÚÔÏÔÁÈ·ÎÒÓ ËÌÂÚÒÓ, ·fi ÙËÓ ËÌÂÚÔÌËÓ›· ÚÔÛÏ‹„ˆ˜, ηٿıÂÛË ÛÙÔÓ O.A.E.¢ ÙˆÓ AÓ·ÁÁÂÏÈÒÓ ¶ÚfiÛÏ˄˘ , ÙˆÓ ÚÔÛÏ‹„ÂˆÓ ÚÔÛˆÈÎÔ‡ Ô˘ ı· Á›ÓÂÈ ÙÔÓ ™Â٤̂ÚÈÔ (TÔ ›‰ÈÔ ÈÛ¯‡ÂÈ Î·È ÁÈ· ÙȘ ÚÔÛÏ‹„ÂȘ Ô˘ ı· Á›ÓÔ˘Ó ÙÔ˘˜ ÂfiÌÂÓÔ˘˜ Ì‹Ó˜) ñ EÓÙfi˜ 15 ËÌÂÚÔÏÔÁÈ·ÎÒÓ ËÌÂÚÒÓ Î·Ù¿ıÂÛË ÛÙËÓ EÈıÂÒÚËÛË EÚÁ·Û›·˜ ·. K·Ù¿ÛÙ·ÛË ¶ÚÔÛˆÈÎÔ‡ (ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È fiÏÔÈ ÔÈ ÂÚÁ·˙fiÌÂÓÔÈ Ô˘ ÚÔÛÏ‹ÊıËÎ·Ó ·fi 1/9 ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ù˘¯fiÓ ·Ï·ÈÔ›) ‚. °ÓˆÛÙÔÔ›ËÛË ÙˆÓ fiÚˆÓ ÌÂÚÈ΋˜ ··Û¯fiÏËÛË (fiÏˆÓ ÙˆÓ ÓÂÔÚÔÛÏËÊı¤ÓÙˆÓ Ô˘ ı· ··Û¯ÔÏËıÔ‡Ó Ì ÌÂÚÈ΋ ··Û¯fiÏËÛË) (TÔ ›‰ÈÔ ÈÛ¯‡ÂÈ Î·È ÁÈ· ÙȘ ÚÔÛÏ‹„ÂȘ Ô˘ ı· Á›ÓÔ˘Ó ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÂfiÌÂÓÔ˘˜ Ì‹Ó˜. ™ÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ·˘Ù‹ ÁÚ¿ÊÔ˘Ì ÛÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÛÙ·ÛË ÚÔÛˆÈÎÔ‡ ÌfiÓÔ ÙÔ˘˜ Ó¤Ô˘˜) OKTøBPIO™ ñ YÔ‚ÔÏ‹ A.¶.¢. IKA ÙÚÈÌ‹ÓÔ˘ 1/7-30/9 ˆ˜ ÂÍ‹˜: ·) XÂÈÚfiÁÚ·ÊË ‹ ‰ÈÛΤٷ: 11-18/10 ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ÙÔ ÙÂÏÂ˘Ù·›Ô „ËÊ›Ô A.M.E ‚) πnternet: ̤¯ÚÈ 31/10 ñ M¤¯ÚÈ 31/10 ÏËڈ̋ ÂÈÛÊÔÚÒÓ IKA ™ÂÙÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘ NOEMBPIO™ ñ M¤¯ÚÈ15/11 ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹ ÛÙËÓ EÈıÂÒÚËÛË ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ ηٿÛÙ·Û˘ ÚÔÛˆÈÎÔ‡ (ÁÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ ÌfiÓÈÌ· ··Û¯ÔÏÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ˘˜ ÂÊ’ fiÛÔÓ ‰ÂÓ ÙÔ˘˜ ÂÚÈÏ¿‚·Ì ÛÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÛÙ·ÛË ÚÔÛˆÈÎÔ‡ Ô˘ ˘Ô‚¿ÏÏÔ˘Ì ·Ì¤Ûˆ˜ ÌÂÙ¿ ÙȘ ÚÒÙ˜ ÚÔÛÏ‹„ÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ™ÂÙÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘ ‹ OÎÙˆ‚Ú›Ô˘) ñ Afi 20/11 ˘Ô‚ÔÏ‹ ÛÙË ¢.O.Y. ¶ÚÔÛˆÚÈÓ‹˜ ¢‹ÏˆÛ˘ ÁÈ· ÙÔ º.M.Y. Ô˘ ·Ú·ÎÚ·Ù‹ıËΠÛÙÔ ‰›ÌËÓÔ 1/9-31/10 ñ M¤¯ÚÈ 31/11 ÏËڈ̋ ÂÈÛÊÔÚÒÓ IKA OÎÙˆ‚Ú›Ô˘ MÈ· ¢ÁÂÓÈ΋ ÚÔÛÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÓÂÏÏËÓ›Ô˘ ™˘Óã‰ÂÛÌÔ˘ I‰ÈÔÎÙËÙÒÓ K¤ÓÙÚˆÓ •¤ÓˆÓ °ÏˆÛÛÒÓ Î·È ÙÔ˘ Aı·Ó¿ÛÈÔ˘ ¶··Ï˘Ì¤ÚË §ÔÁÈÛÙ‹, ºÔÚÔÙ¯ÓÈÎÔ‡ ™˘Ì‚Ô‡ÏÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÓÂÏÏËÓ›Ô˘.
COLLINS DICTIONARIES SUPER ¶ƒ√™º√ƒ∞! ∆· ÏÂÍÈο Collins ÚÔÛʤÚÔ˘Ó ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÛÔ˘‰·ÛÙ¤˜ Ù˘ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓ˘ ∞ÁÁÏÈ΋˜ Ï‹ÚË Î·È ÏÂÙÔÌÂÚ‹ Î¿Ï˘„Ë Ù˘ ÁÏÒÛÛ·˜ Ì ۷ʋ Î·È Î·Ù·ÓÔËÙfi ÙÚfiÔ. Collins Gem Greek-English & Greek-English Pocket Dictionary
English - Greek Dictionary
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Collins Cobuild ∞dvanced Learner’s Dictionary
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19
New Word on the Block In this column we will be presenting you with new words, or new uses of old words so that you are always up to date! Exergaming nxious parents and doommongering social commentators have long inveighed against the effects of computer gaming on the young. Healthy outdoor pursuits have, they say, been replaced by red-eyed, thumbnumbing marathon sessions in front of the computer screen, as children battle with monsters from Mars, race round city centres in high-speed car chases, or kick-box and punch opponents into submission. The psychological effects of this kind of pastime have been hotly debated, but there is general agreement that excessive computer gaming can turn children (and, presumably, similarly occupied adults) into ‘mouse potatoes’ — the computing equivalent of that overweight, underexercised TV watcher, the ‘couch potato’. It doesn’t have to be like this, however. For many years software developers have tried to produce games and programs which actually promote exercise. Virtual-reality programs sought to emulate the experience of playing racket games or cycling as early as the 1980s, but the cost of these was prohibitively high. Professional cyclists were among the few enthusiasts who adopted the equipment. But computing power is always on the increase. Games which would once have outstripped the processing capacity of home computers are (so to speak) child’s play for today’s machines. With the arrival of systems such as the Wii gaming console, the idea of exergaming — exercising as you play on the computer — seems to be coming into its own. Handheld controls can now be used to simulate the movement of on-screen rackets, bats and golf clubs (or, for the more sedate, fishing rods). There are also dance programs operated by moving on a pressure-sensitive mat, as well as programs which simulate gym exercise equipment. All in all, this provides the perfect excuse for gaming enthusiasts to
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expense of paying directly for a celebrity endorsement. This practice reaches a Manny pinnacle of decadence Although the barriers during the awards between the sexes are season, when cosseted being broken down in A-list celebs are plied many areas — with with goody bags which equal prize money at become more lavish and this year’s Wimbledon Source: Chambers Wordwatch extravagant each year. championships being a Column Editor: Lawrence Mamas The goody bags given notable landmark — the (Betsis ELT) [email protected] away at the Oscars language we use still ceremony in 2003 were seems to reflect a in fact wicker baskets each overflowing certain level of discomfort with some with í11,000 worth of treats including non-traditional gender roles. Most mobile phones, cameras, designer people have stopped being surprised by the concept of a ‘male nurse’ or a ‘female jewellery and vouchers for exclusive holiday resorts. The 2005 goody bag was doctor’, but that relatively rare creature, rumoured to be worth more than the male nanny — colloquially known as í57,000. the manny — still raises eyebrows in But the party had to end somewhere. some quarters. George Clooney's much reported In theory, mannies do exactly the same auctioning of his 2005 Oscar goody bag job as female nannies. However, in the for US hurricane-relief charities seems to minds of many people, their maleness have sparked a modicum of soulsets them apart enough to merit the use searching about the practice of of a separate word. Similar logic showering expensive presents on those underlies the coinage ‘manorexia’ (a most able to afford luxury goods. The popular but, medically speaking, real party-pooper, however, was the completely unnecessary term for anorexia in male patients). More light-hearted examples of the same phenomenon include ‘man date’ (two heterosexual men socializing), ‘manbag’ (a handbag carried by a man) and even ‘moobs’ (short for the self-explanatory ‘man boobs’). These words are normally used in a light-hearted way, and few would condemn them as sexist. But the fact that they exist at all is revealing. Mannies, like male nursery staff, are in increasingly high demand in some areas. Most experts support the view that exposure to positive male role models in the form of carers can be of great benefit to young children. Nevertheless, some mannies — particularly those attempting to begin their careers in conservative communities — are still faced with prejudice in their working lives, as many people persist in the opinion that childcare is essentially women’s work. calm their anxious parents: ‘Just off for a bit of exercise!’
Branded Retreat The custom (known as 'gifting') of lavishing expensive gifts on high-profile celebrities has been spiralling to ever greater heights since the 1990s. Companies vie with each other to forge personal relationships with influential figures without incurring the huge
A°°E§IE™ ∫∞£∏°∏∆ƒπ∞ °·ÏÏÈÎÒÓ, Ù˘¯ÈÔ‡¯Ô˜ °·ÏÏÈ΋˜ °ÏÒÛÛ·˜ Î·È ºÈÏÔÏÔÁ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ∞ÚÈÛÙÔÙ¤ÏÂÈÔ˘ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙ‹ÌÈÔ˘ £ÂÛÛ·ÏÔӛ΢ Î·È Î¿ÙÔ¯Ô˜ Proficiency
ÂÈı˘Ì› Ó· ÂÚÁ·ÛÙ› Û ∫¤ÓÙÚÔ •¤ÓˆÓ °ÏˆÛÛÒÓ ÛÙȘ ÂÍ‹˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜: ¡›Î·È·, ¡Â¿ÔÏË, ∫ÔÚ˘‰·ÏÏfi, ∫ÂÚ·ÙÛ›ÓË, ∞ÌÊÈ¿ÏË. ∆ËÏ.: 210-4323415, 6974-120123.
Internal Revenue Service (the US taxcollection agency) which, on observing the soaring value of goody-bag swag, deemed that any gift worth more than $600 should be declared as income and was therefore taxable. In response to the changing times, the 'acceptable face' of 2007's gift-giving extravaganza became the so-called branded retreat. Pampered celebrities were offered an experience, rather than material goods, and whisked to sponsored private concerts and parties, shows and spas. Luxurious mansions were booked exclusively for their use, where they could enjoy peace and serenity, beauty treatments and massages, 'acceptancespeech consultations' and gourmet meals. So away with the vulgarity of free diamonds, designer sunglasses and digital gadgets. The goody bag is officially 'so last year'. Here's to the new swag, to inconspicuous rather than conspicuous consumption the branded retreat: subtle, private, unrepeatable and, best of all, gloriously tax-free.
20 Nick Michelioudakis (B. Econ., Dip. RSA, MSc [TEFL]) has been working in the field of ELT for more years than he cares to remember. He likes to think of himself as a ‘front-line teacher’ and is particularly interested in one-to-one teaching. When he is not struggling with students, he likes to spend his time in a swimming pool or playing chess. For any questions or comments, you can contact him at [email protected].
The history of the world is full of conflicts between seemingly irreconcilable groups; Catholics and Protestants; Jews and Arabs; Shias and Sunnis. And the lengths to which people are prepared to go to in order to fight the ‘other’ are extraordinary. In the brilliant film ‘American History X’ an otherwise decent white man influenced by racist doctrines ends up in prison after brutally murdering a black man. But how real is the
Social Psychology and ELT
Prejudice and cooperation
basis of these divisions? As the following experiment illustrates, this is often about as significant as the one described in ‘Gulliver’s Travels’ where the people of Lilliput and Blefuscu argued over which end of their egg they should break. Muzafer Sherif’s experiment: The experiment (described in detail in Aronson, 1999) took place in a very natural setting – a boy scouts’ camp. The researchers started by arbitrarily dividing the boys into two groups – the ‘Eagles’ and the ‘Rattlers’. They then
involved the members of each group in various activities in order to strengthen the ties among them. Already at this stage, a certain rivalry began to emerge. After some time the researchers introduced the element of competition – the groups competed with each other in a number of games such as tugs-of-war and sports contests. Gradually, these turned ugly. There was name-calling and scuffles which often escalated out of control. In questionnaires distributed by the researchers at this stage, group members rated members of their own groups positively but their ‘rivals’ negatively. It seems that conflicts of interest produce prejudice (Eysenck, 1996). What is remarkable is that a) these were perfectly well-adjusted boys, not some group of delinquents b) the division was completely arbitrary and
c) it had taken so little time to turn these two groups against each other! At this stage the researchers decided it was time to reverse the situation – but how? At first their attempts met with complete failure. A ‘propaganda campaign’ of telling the children how nice the members of the other group were had no effect whatsoever (Brehm, Kassin & Fein 2002). The researchers then thought that if the two groups were involved in joint pleasurable activities, that should reduce hostility. So, they organized picnics and social events. The results were catastrophic. If anything, contact between the two groups made things worse! It was then that they came up with the solution: collaborative activities! The researchers set up a series of ‘mini crises’ which required the groups to work together in order to overcome them. So, on a day-trip somewhere the only truck they had to bring the food to the camp with was found to be ‘stuck’. The two teams had to push it together. On another occasion, the water supply system failed. The two groups had to organize themselves and work together to find and fix the problem. Gradually, after a number of such incidents and as a result of the cooperation, harmony returned to the camp. Indeed, so successful was the solution that on returning to camp after an evening out by the campfire, the members of one group decided to treat their former rivals to milkshakes! (Cialdini, 2001) Applications in the field of ELT: To me there are two elements in this experiment which stand out – one worrying, the other encouraging. The worrying bit is how easy it is for people to develop a ‘them and us’ mentality – even on the basis of a simple label! The encouraging bit is how even long-established rivalry can be overcome through the process of cooperation. The implications for the ELT classroom are I think obvious. First of all, we need to be aware of group dynamics and not allow the formation of rival groups which might disrupt the harmony of the classroom. Moreover, while competition is certainly fun and competitive games can be very motivating there is always a danger lurking there, especially if the competing groups are always the same. I believe it makes good sense to vary the group composition in order to avoid such a risk. Conversely, as the experiment amply demonstrated, cooperative tasks are excellent at breaking down barriers and fostering group cohesion. The key is ‘mutual interdependence’ (Aronson, 1999). It is tasks where ss have to rely on each other that produce these positive results. All the more reason then why we should use more group activities, jig-saw tasks and project work. Dornyei (2001) even suggests that we should devote some class time in ‘social training’ – explicitly helping ss learn how to work as a team. Away from ELT: Perhaps the introduction was a little too simplistic. It may well be that there is an explanation why people find it so easy to develop such negative attitudes towards others. There is some evidence from evolutionary psychology that people might be programmed to distinguish between members of the group they belong to and members of other groups and perhaps even be hostile towards the latter. (Barett, Dunbar & Lycett 2002) This might have been adaptive in the past but we know that it is the source of endless trouble today. The good thing is that such attitudes can be reversed. In the film mentioned above (‘American History X’) the racist sent to prison discovers that his perception of reality in general and of coloured people in particular is warped. Significantly, he gets to learn that not through reading or reflection but through endless hours of doing the laundry with a black man. References 1. Aronson, E. “The Social Animal” Worth – Freeman, 1999 2. Barett, L., Dunbar, R. & Lycett, J. “Human Evolutionary Psychology” Palgrave 2002 3. Brehm, S., Kassin, S. & Fein S. “Social Psychology” Houghton Mifflin, 2002 4. Cialdini, R. “Influence – Science and Practice”, Allyn & Bacon 2001 5. Dornyei, Z. “Motivational Strategies in the Language Classroom” Cambridge University Press, 2001 6. Eysenck, M. “Simply Psychology” Psychology Press 1996
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