Light For A Place

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Light for a Place

A Research Presented to the Faculty of Computer Studies Our Lady of Fatima University

In Partial Fulfillment Of the Representatives for the Research Project And Work Life Immersion

By: Alejo, John Lourd Ronel B. Bagtas, Marc Luigi R. Binobo, Arvie J. Chua, Ferdinand Kyle D. Daet, Franz Matthew D. Del Rosario, Marvin L. Ruado, Michael L. Sanchez, Sidney Marie J. San Diego, Aprillyn P. Sevilla, Ma. Sophia G.

February 19, 2018

LIGHT FOR A PLACE

i Endorsement

This thesis entitled: “Light for a Place” prepared by John Lourd Ronel B. Alejo et al. of BE-STEM 12Y1P TECH 1, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Research Project has been examined and now recommended for Oral Examination. This is to certify that John Lourd Ronel B. Alejo et al. of BE-STEM 12Y1P TECH 1 are ready for the Oral Examination.

Ms. Paulyn Ann C. Silvestre, RPm Adviser

This is to certify that the thesis: “Light for a Place” prepared and submitted by John Lourd Ronel B. Alejo of BE-STEM 12Y1P TECH 1, is recommended for Oral Examination.

Mr. Donn Zarny A. Han, RPm Chair

Mr. Norman Paul Deg-aoan

Ms. Kristine Ly Merete

Member

Member

Mr. Ernesto Gueverra, MD, MSTM, MPH Stem Coordinator

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LIGHT FOR A PLACE…

ii Certificate of Originality

We hereby declare that this thesis is our own work and that, to the best of our knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material to which to a substantial extent has been accepted for award of any other degree or diploma of a university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement is made in the text. We also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of our work, even though we may have received assistance from others on style, presentation and language expression.

Alejo, John Lourd Ronel B. Principal Investigator

Members: Bagtas, Marc Luigi R. Binobo, Arvie J. Chua, Ferdinand Kyle D. Daet, Franz Matthew D. Del Rosario, Marvin L Ruado, Michael L. Sanchez, Sidney Marie J. San Diego, Aprillyn P. Sevilla, Ma. Sophia G.

Ms. Paulyn Ann C. Silvestre, RPm Research Adviser

Date: February 19, 2018

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LIGHT FOR A PLACE TABLE OF CONTENTS A. Preliminary Pages Title Page Endorsement

i

Certificate of Originality

ii

B. Body Abstract

1

1.0 Introduction

2-3

1.1 Statement of the Problem

3

1.2 Scope and Delimitation

3

1.3 Definition of Terms

3-4

1.4 Conceptual Framework

4

2.0 Review of Related Literature 2.1 Local Literature

4-5

2.2 Foreign Literature

5-6

3.0 Methodology 3.1Materials

6-7

3.2 Procedure

7-9

4.0 Results 4.0.1 Research Question #1

10

4.0.2 Research Question #2

10

4.0.3 Research Question #3

10

5.0 Discussion

11

5.1 Conclusion

12

5.2 Recommendation

12

References

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LIGHT FOR A PLACE C. Appendix Appendix A

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LIGHT FOR A PLACE Abstract

Old plastic bottles that would otherwise find their way to landfills, dumps and oceans, are creating new light and a better life in many low-income homes in the Philippines. The "Solar Water Bottle Light Bulb" is a simple, affordable and sustainable solution for many families living in poor Filipino communities who live without electricity or light. This study entitled “Light for a Place” is conducted by the Senior High School students of Our Lady of Fatima University in Valenzuela City. The researcher’s aim is to create an eco-friendly device that will provide light to people far from civilization and to people who cannot provide electricity in their houses because of financial problems. Materials are prepared by the researchers, mainly plastic bottles, water and bleach and then made the said product. Several trials are made to identify the strengths and weaknesses of this product. The researchers concluded that the product is an efficient and durable alternative for the standard light bulb. Though it has its disadvantages, this device is an efficient source of light for the low-income people.

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1.0 Introduction People know the importance of Solar Energy in today life. It is ultra clean, natural and sustainable source of energy that can be utilize in use of making solar electricity, solar heating appliances, solar lighting appliances and many more. Many people do not have access to light or cannot cover the cost for electricity. Thus, they do not have light in their homes, even during the day. Testing of 8 independent variables that may affect light transmission transmitted the most amount of light at 1694 Lux through conducting 212 indoor and 148 outdoors (total of 360) that showed a 2-liter, clear, cylinder-shaped bottle with white opaque cap filled with tap water, no reflective paint band and no reflector cone (Ida, 2012). This creative light bulb provides Manila households with low-income with light - while traditional windows could easily have an opening and leak during typhoon season or other severe weather, the solar bottle bulb brings even more light in and helps save money and energy (Cristi & Comboy, 2013). The solar water bottle light bulb consists mainly of these materials: first is the used water bottle, it serves as the main base of the light bulb. Galvanized Iron (GI) Sheet or Wooden Plank, it does hold the bottle to hang on the roof and to prevent the leak from the ceiling. Rubber Sealant provides sealing for the water bottle, bleach’s purpose is to prevent algae from building up in the bottle, in which it keeps the water clear to maximize light, water and other equipment such as protective gloves, high quality scissors and saw (Meramonte, 2013). In the growth of the country's population, electricity consumption is also increasing the rising cost of power, leaves many unable to afford electricity. There are times when people are having difficulty in consuming electricity, but with the use of solar water bottle, no need to worry in the light that it has produced. It also brings life to every people, which can help save energy. The researchers’ aim is to create a frugal and eco-friendly device that will help people to save money and lessen the use of electricity. Which is easy to do by anyone and the materials to use are easy to find. This can provide information to the people of how to save electricity and get help especially in places without electricity, far from civilization. It is surprisingly efficient; using cheap and locally available materials allows the less fortunate people use their homes more efficient. The bulb does not produce any harmful pollutants and reduces the dangers from faulty and temporary electrical connections that cause devastating fires (Ambani, 2011).

The significance of this study is to provide more efficient and simple product that consumes no electricity and to lessen the waste materials particularly in the low-income households in

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Manila, Philippines. This innovative light bulb provides low-income Manila households with light - while traditional windows can easily crack or leak during typhoon season or other severe weather, the Solar Bottle Bulb brings even more light in and helps save money and energy. Not only do the bulbs improve the lives of families, but they also improve the future and health of the environment by significantly reducing plastic waste. Even in its basic form, it has the potential to transform the lives of millions of poor people. The simple idea that anybody can build and implement, with no expense, solves many problems at once. (Ravindra Krishnamurthy, 2014).

1.1 Statement of the Problem This study seeks the answers to the following questions: 1. What is the difference between the solar water bottle light bulb and the standard electric light bulb? 2. How can a solar water bottle light bulb become an efficient alternative for the standard electric light bulb? 3. How durable does a solar water bottle light bulb and how long it can sustain its light?

1.2 Scope and Delimitations This study involved the Senior High School Students of Our Lady of Fatima University, to reduce the waste materials in Philippines, specifically in Manila. It also aimed to make use of waste materials, specifically water bottles as an alternative for light bulbs. The advantages of the Solar water bottle light bulb are; it can be an alternative to light bulbs in which it does not use electricity, also the lifespan of Solar water bottle light bulb is longer than the standard light bulb, Solar water light bulb lasts for about 4 years while the light bulb lasts only for about 2 years. While the disadvantage of this product is it can only be used in daytime since it only refracts the sunlight. The processing of this product will take no more than just 2 hours and it will cost no more less than two-hundred pesos.

1.3 Definition of Terms Bleach – a chemical typically a solution of sodium hypochlorite or hydrogen peroxide used to whiten or sterilize materials. to prevent algae from building up in the bottle (Meramonte,

2013).

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Galvanized Iron - iron or steel, especially in sheets, coated with zinc to prevent rust (Meramonte, 2013). Light Bulb - bulb that provides light using electricity (Meramonte, 2013). Refract – to change the direction of light when it enters at an angle. Rubber Sealant – used to seal, it serves as the sealant for the water bottle (Meramonte, 2013). Saw – to cut through (Meramonte, 2013). Solar Energy - radiant energy release by the sun (Meramonte, 2013). Wooden Plank - flat wood that serves as covering the water bottle (Meramonte, 2013).

- Bleach - Garvanized Iron / Wooden Plank - Rubber Sealant - Water

- Product making - Efficiency - Durability - Difference

Output

- Water Bottle

Process

Input

1.4 Conceptual Framework

- Solar Water Bottle Light Bulb.

The table shown above shows the conceptual distinctions of the researchers in this investigation, in the input, it shows the main materials of the product, Water bottle as the base, bleach for the algaes, rubber sealant for sealing and wooden plank as the cover. In the process, it shows the actual making of the product and also investigating the efficiency, durability and the difference of the product from the traditional one. Lastly, the output shows the actual product.

2.0 Review of Related Literatures 2.1 Local Studies The Solar Bottle Bulb, an innovation that provides light in low-income Manila households brings lighter and helps save money and energy unlike traditional windows that can easily crack or leak during typhoon season or other severe weather. These innovations

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are created because of the impending signs of dangers in abusing energy in our environment. Energy has an established positive correlation with economic growth. These Solar Bottle Bulbs can improve the lives of over 3 million people living in the surrounding households without generated power in Manila, Philippines. The availability of light in developing countries will increase and improve the educational and medical needs. The lives of struggling families will also greatly improve with the use of these lights. Tasks that are difficult to handle will be easier to perform with the use of recycled bottles (Romeo, 2017). 25,000 low-income homes in the Philippines have been lit up with this “water bottle light bulbs”, the rising cost of electricity nowadays leaves many people unable to provide electricity in their homes, 40% of population here in the Philippines lives of with less than $2 per day. Accidents also happens to those families with not electricity in their home since they are using candles to lit their homes, leaving the candles lighted may initiate destructive fires that may affect neighbors (De Leon, 2011). Development of this gadget is very straightforward. A spotless two-liter plastic container is loaded with water. Two top full of fade is added to keep the growth of algae and other bacteria. A holder is fitted to shield the top from sun. Next an opening is cut in the rooftop and the jug is squeezed most of the way into the gap. At that point, the hole between the gap and the jug is closed with polyester tar and made waterproof, keeping precipitation from leaking in. The gadget takes a shot at the important of refraction. Daylight which falls on the uncovered surface of the water bottle gets refracted and lights up the room underneath. Whenever measured, its radiance is proportional to that of a 40-60 watt glowing electric globule, contingent on the measure of sun powered insolation accessible on a given day (Krishnamurty, 2014).

2.2 Foreign Studies Effective solar irradiance reaching the earth's surface ranges from about 0.06kW/m2 at the highest latitudes to 0.25kW/m2 at low latitudes. Solar energy which represents our largest source of renewable energy supply is significantly greater than demand at the regional as well as global level (Timilsina et al., 2011). Universal access to electricity has become a policy goal in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, where most of the population remains unelectrified. Range of development such as increased female employment, higher income, and better health and educational outcomes has been linked to electrification (Rom et al., 2016). Solar lights reduce kerosene lighting use of households

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by about half. Burning kerosene may cause adverse health and environmental effects as it emits fine particulate matter (Jacobson et al., 2013; Lam et al., 2016). Daylighting is useful for the purpose of saving energy, to avoid adverse health effects of over-illumination by artificial light, and also for sustainability. A much better education, healthier life-style, and an extended amount of leisure time can be enhanced with the availability of light (Maillet, 2012). Although the nature of daylighting has not changed since its original use, the building design has been changed. Daylighting is often integrated into a building as an architectural statement and for energy savings. However, benefits from daylighting goes beyond architecture and energy. The psychological and physiological aspects of natural light should also be considered (Edwards & Torcellini, 2002). In St. Louis, the viability of solar energy is determined by weather conditions and the amount of solar insolation that the area received throughout the year. Determining the feasibility of using solar energy in the Midwestern United States is done through heavy consideration to the localized conditions during the winter (Bollinger, 2007). Designed and developed by the students of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), the Solar Bottle Bulb is based on the principles of Appropriate Technologies which is a concept that focuses on providing replicable technologies that address the basic needs in developing communities in a simple and easy way (Bates, 2011). Providing sufficient, affordable and clean energy is a prerequisite for eradicating poverty and improving productivity. Side effects of a threat to the nation's energy security shows the inevitable increase in the use of fossil fuels alongside a country's economic growth as well as environmental degradation through climate change.

The aim of the work was to find out the functionality of LED lighting combined with solar panels in developing countries to find out the availability of solar energy in different Geographical locations. Understanding advantages and disadvantages of photovoltaic systems and the optimum combination of PV systems for lighting are the other aim of the work (Alma et al., 2011).

3.0 Methodology 3.1 Materials Needed -

Plastic Soda Bottle

-

Galvanized Iron Sheet or Wooden Plank

-

Rubber Sealant

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LIGHT FOR A PLACE -

Bleach

-

Water

-

Sand Paper (Optional)

-

Saw (Optional)

-

Gloves (Optional)

-

Flashlight (Alternative for sunlight, optional)

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3.2 Procedure First, prepare the materials. Plastic soda bottle, water and bleach are the main materials for this product. In this case, the researchers prepared 1 piece of 1.25 liters, 1 piece of 2 liters and 3 pieces of 250 milliliters of plastic soda bottles. Make sure that the plastic bottles are transparent and clean.

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Next, fill the plastic soda bottles with water and specific amount of bleach. The researchers added 3 tablespoons of bleach on the 1-liter bottle, 5 tablespoons for the 2-liter bottle and 2 tablespoon each for the 250 ml of plastic soda bottles.

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For the last step, prepare the plastic soda bottles filled with water and bleach solution and it is now ready to place in the roofs. In this case, the researchers examined the characteristics of this product and it is also compared to the standard light bulb. The researchers used LED flashlight and smartphones’ light as an alternative for sunlight.

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4.0 Results 4.1 Research Question 1: What is the difference between the solar water bottle light bulb and the standard electric light bulb? The differences between the solar water bottle light bulb and the standard light bulb is that the product is more efficient than the standard light bulb since it can be produced without spending too much money and materials. It can also lessen the waste materials specifically plastic bottles. Also, the said product lasts for 4 years unlike the standard electric light bulb that lasts for 2-3 years only. The advantage of the standard electric light bulb from the recycled product is that the standard light bulb can be used anytime wanted since it works by using electricity, but the solar water bottle light bulb works only on daytime wherein the sun is shining since it refracts it. 4.2 Research Question 2: How does a solar water bottle light bulb an efficient alternative for the standard electric light bulb? A solar water bottle light bulb is an efficient alternative for the standard electric light bulb, but it is not effective since the solar water light bulb is an eco and budget friendly, it can be made by anyone without spending too much time and money, it can lessen waste materials specifically plastic bottles which can be recycled. It is indeed cheap compared to the standard electric light bulb, it lasts for 4 years unlike the standard electric light bulb that lasts for 2-3 years only. But unfortunately, this specific device can only emit brighter light if the bottle is big enough, and it can only work on daytime since it doesn’t store energy from the sunlight but it only refracts sunlight to emit light inside the room. 4.3 Research Question 3: How durable does a solar water bottle light bulb and how long it can sustain its light? The solar water bottle light bulb is indeed durable since the bottle that serves as the main bulb is not fragile, it doesn’t require electricity so the people does not need to worry about it. The light that the said product emits depends on the size of the plastic bottle, the larger the size of the bottle, the stronger the light that it emits.

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5.0 Discussion The researchers come up with the answers for the three problem statements for this study. As the study goes, the researchers found out that this innovative light bulb is an efficient alternative for the standard light bulb, it is easy to produce since the materials required are easy to find, it can be produced by anyone without spending too much time and money into it. Lowincome Manila households can provide alternative light for their houses that may help them to do daily tasks (Cristi & Comboy, 2013). Also, this innovation can last for up to 4 years unlike the standard light bulb that lasts for 2-3 years only. This innovative product is not that effective to use since it doesn’t work on night time. The light that it emits comes from the sunlight that is being refracted in the said product. Depending on the size, the solar water bottle light bulb can produce as much as more light than the 60-watt electric light bulb, a 2 liter, clear, cylinder-shaped bottle with white opaque cap filled with tap water, no reflective paint band and no reflector cone transmitted the most amount of light at 1694 lux When the product was replaced with plastic pane or a skylight made of cylindrical section of soda bottle over the same opening, the light transmission was 1077 lux. A larger opening the size of the current roof panel covered with double plastic pane yielded most light transmission at 4285 lux (Ida, 2012), compared to their 60-watt light bulb in their lightbox produced 2862 lux. Bottle with water inside enhanced light production by refracting light, thus allowing more light to be transmitted into houses, also increasing the bottle size can help in increasing the light transmission (Ida, 2012), he also concluded that creating this product and the method of creating a larger opening in the roof of the houses and covering it with a plastic pane made of soda plastic bottles can be a more cost-effective alternative that should be explored to illuminate homes without using electricity. The purpose and overall aim for this study are very much similar. This innovative product can help low-light Filipino household across the country, particularly here in Manila, Philippines without generated power. The use of this solar water bottle light bulb in developing places across the country can increase and improve the needs of the said people. The success of this experiment will result in a very practical use. Accessible light can be provided to a numerous number of households (Ida, 2012). There will be also use of recycled plastic bottles that will benefit different people in different locations who are struggling to perform everyday tasks without proper indoor lighting.

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5.1 Conclusion The researchers concluded that the solar water bottle light bulb is an efficient alternative for the standard light bulb. A clear 1.25 L plastic soda bottle can transmit brighter light than the smaller ones. In sunlight, water in the bottle can enhance light production through light refraction that allows more light to be transmitted in low-light areas, particularly when the bottle is bigger than the researcher’s plastic bottle size. This product can be produced in much fewer steps and takes a smaller amount of time to make. Based on results the researchers obtained, the method of creating the product may be more efficient than the standard one and it should be explored to illuminate low-lighted areas without using electricity. Unfortunately, this said product can’t be used in some places that can’t be reached by sunlight since it doesn’t store energy from the sunlight to the bottle but it only refracts it. 5.2 Recommendation For the community, barangay staffs can provide this innovative product to the specific barangay household, particularly in low-light areas. For the people who are in low-light areas, this study is very beneficial for them since this can be applied on their households, providing them source of light in their homes that can help them to do daily tasks that cannot be undone without the need of light. For the future researchers who are interested in conducting this experiment, there are information that the researchers didn’t involve from the study, and would benefit from the further research including the in-depth exploration of the light emittance in the innovative plastic water bottles, particularly on how and why the light emits depending on the size of the plastic bottle and also on testing the product’s emittance on the roofs. It would be also helpful to capture qualitatively the experiences of the low-light Filipino households on using this innovative product.

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LIGHT FOR A PLACE… References Bates, M., Ph.D. (2016, August 01). Solar Bottle Bulbs bring light to poor communities. Retrieved December 01, 2017, from https://www.aaas.org/blog/qualia/solar-bottle-bulbs-bring-lightpoor-communities Cristi, S., & Comboy, M. (2013). Investigatory Project in Science. Retrieved November 28, 2017 Ida, N. (2012). Enhancing Light Transmission Through Solar Bottle Bulbs in Homes Without Electricity. Retrieved November 28, 2017. Krishnamurty, R. (2014, March 14). SOLAR WATER BOTTLE BULBS. Retrieved November 30, 2017, from https://permaculturenews.org/2014/03/14/solar-water-bottle-bulbs/ Leon, S. L. (2011, December 23). Sunlight-powered 'bulbs' made from plastic bottles light up homes.

Retrieved

November

28,

2017,

from

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/dec/23/sunlight-bulbs-plastic-bottleslight Liwanag, I. L. (n.d.). How to Build a SOLAR BOTTLE BULB. Retrieved November 30, 2017, from http://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-build-a-SOLAR-BOTTLE-BULB/

Meramonte, N. (2013, January 01). FILIPINO DISCOVERIES, INVENTIONS, INNOVATIONS and PRODUCTS. Retrieved February 05, 2018, from http://filipinoinventionsanddiscoveries.blogspot.com/2013/06/isang-litrongliwanag-liter-of-light.html?m=1 Romeo, C. (2017, June 01). Old plastic bottles have now been used to light up more than 850,000 homes

around

the

world.

Retrieved

December

02,

2017,

from

http://uk.businessinsider.com/liter-of-light-poor-homes-communities-old-recycledplastic-bottles-solar-technology-clean-energy-philippines-2017-6 Suresh, B. T., & Paval, K. (2015). Design & Development of Solar Bottle Bulb & Mobile Charger, 3(2), 170-173. Retrieved November 28, 2017. The Solar Bottle Bulb Lights Up Homes with Recycled Plastic Bottles. (n.d.). Retrieved November 28, 2017, from http://www.hpcorporategroup.com/the-solar-bottle-bulb-lights-up-homeswith-recycled-plastic-bottles.html

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13 APPENDIX A: FINAL PRODUCT

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