Lifting Operations

ELECTRICAL DEPARTMENT LIFTING AND R IGGING OP ERATIO NS

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LI FTING AND RIGGIN G OPER AT ION S

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PR ELIMI NARY LIFT IN G O PERAT IO NS’ VERIFI CA TIO N: Wei ght eva lu at ion Sling lif ting point Cr an es li fting cap aci ty ( di ag rams and li fting char t ) Wei ght ripa rtit ion (bar ice nt er conce pt ) Sling lif ting point WEI GHT SLIN GING VERIFI CAT IO N:

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Liftin g ge ar cap acit y

• Use of so ft mat er ial s be twee n sh arp ed ge an d th e sli ng 09/24/09

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LIFT ING AND RI GGING OPE RAT IONS

EQUI PME NT SAF ET Y MAIN TEN ANC E ASSESSME NT

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RECO MM ENDE D S LING ANGLE

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SLINGI NG AN D LIF TI NG O F LOAD S

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LIFTING OPE RATI ONS PREL IMI NARY VERIF ICA TI ON: • Pr es en ce of ma ter ia ls n ot secu re d • Pay at ten tion to t he po sit ions of han ds & fee t • Knowle dg e of co nv en tiona l crane sig nal • Th e wei gh t mu st be free from obs tr uct io n an d not co nnect ed to the gro un d 09/24/09

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LIFTING OPE RATI ONS PREL IMI NARY VERIF ICA TI ON: • Pr es en ce of obst acles in the dir ect ion of the li fting . • Keep the we ig ht cl ose to th e gr ound lev el . • Th e cha in s or sl ings are to be free from obs tacle s • Ta g co ntrolli ng lin e mu st be use d.

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LIFTING OPE RATI ONS PREL IMI NARY VERIF ICA TI ON: • Ho rse pl ay or st an di ng on li fted wei gh t is forbid de n. • Th e cra ne oper at or mu st follow the ba nks man in dicati on dur ing the lif tin g o pe rat io ns .

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LIF TIN G O PER ATI ONS SHIF TI NG OF LOA D

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SL INGING AND

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LOAD ’S LIFTING

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CH OKER HI TCH

•TH E CH OKER HITCH IS OFT EN USED WHE N GRIPPI NG THE LOAD & WILL IMPR OVE LOA D CO NTROL .TH E THE CAP ACI TY CAPAC ITY OF A OF A CH OKER HITCH I S CHOK ER HITCH IS 75%TO 80% OF BAS ED ON THE HITCH THE SI NG LE BEING PROPER LY LEG. FO RMED. IN OTH ER CHAI N, WIR E FO R THE FU LL CHOK ER RO PE AND CAPAC ITY TO BE SY NTHE TIC SL INGS AR E AV AIL AB LE, THE AFFE CTED AN GLE OF CHO KE FO R AL L TYPE OF SLI NGS SH OULD BE AT L EAST 120 °

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LIFTING OPE RATI ONS PREL IMI NARY VERIF ICA TI ON: • pr es en ce of obs tr ucti on in th e work in g ar ea. • wei gh t lan di ng area cl ear ly def in ed . • do n’t ke ep th e lo ad su spe nded . • go od sta ckin g posi ti on ( pi pe ). • slo wly rai se the we ig ht .

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LIF TIN G OPE RATIO NS LOWERIN G OF LOAD S

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CAL CU LATIO N OF WEIGH

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MATE RIALS ’ T

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CAL CU LATIO N OF MATE RIALS ’ WEIGH T

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CAL CU LATIO N OF WEIGH

MATE RIALS ’ T

CONVENTIONAL WEIGHT OF MATERIALS MEASURAMENT UNIT

WEIGHT IN KG.

STEEL

ONE CUBIC METER

7600 - 8100 KG.

WATER AT 4 DEGREE C'

ONE CUBIC METER

1000 KG.

ASBESTOS

ONE CUBIC METER

2100 - 2800 KG.

BRONZE

ONE CUBIC METER

7500 - 8300 KG.

CONCRETE

ONE CUBIC METER

2200 - 2500 KG.

ALLUMINIUM

ONE CUBIC METER

2800 KG.

IRON

ONE CUBIC METER

7400 - 7900 KG.

CAST IRON

ONE CUBIC METER

7000 - 7800 KG.

WOOD

ONE CUBIC METER

760 - 950 KG.

NICHEL

ONE CUBIC METER

8900 - 9200 KG.

BRASS

ONE CUBIC METER

8500 - 8600 KG.

STONE

ONE CUBIC METER

3000 KG.

LEAD

ONE CUBIC METER

11200 - 11300 KG.

COPPER

ONE CUBIC METER

8600 - 8900 KG.

SAND

ONE CUBIC METER

2000 KG.

TIN

ONE CUBIC METER

7300 - 7500 KG.

ZINC

ONE CUBIC METER

7200 KG.

MATERIALS

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CEN TER O F GRAVITY AND S LING LO AD ING SL ING 1

1000 0kg

D1 =5m D2 =5m 09/24/09

SLING 2

WHE N LI FTIN G VER TI CALL Y,TH E L OAD WILL BE SHARE D EQU ALL Y IF, THE CE NTRE OF GRAVITY IS PL ACE D EQU AL LY B /W TH E PICK POI NTS .I F THE W EI GHT O F TH E LO AD IS 10000K g, TH EN EACH SLING W ILL HAV E A LOA D OF 5000K g. EACH SH ACK LE A ND EYE BOL T WILL AL SO HAVE A LOAD OF 5000K g.

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CENTE R OF GRAVITY AN D S LI NG LO AD ING TH E LO CATIO N OF TH E CE NTR E SL ING 1

SL ING 2

OF G RAV ITY REL AT IVE TO THE PI CK PO IN TS I S A VER Y IMPORT ANT

1000 0kg

CO NSIDERATIO N

D1=5 m D2=5 m 09/24/09

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CEN TER O F GRAVITY AND S LING LO AD ING

SL ING 1

1000 0kg

SL ING 2

WHEN THE CE NT RE OF GRAV ITY IS NO T EQ UAL LY SPACE D B/W THE PICK POIN TS, THE SLING S AND FI TTINGS WI LL NOT CA RR Y AN EQ UA L SHAR E OF THE LOAD . THE SLING CO NNECT ED TO THE PICK POINT CLOSES T TO THE CEN TRE OF GR AV ITY WI LL CARRY THE GR EA TES T SHA RE OF THE LO AD. SLING 2 IS CLO SES T TO C.O.G ,IT WIL L HAVE THE GRE AT EST SHARE OF LOA D: SLING 2=1 0000 X 8/(8 +2)=8 000kg

D1 =8m

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D2 =2m

SLING 1=1 0000 X 2/(8 +2)=2 000kg 19

THE RIGGING TR IANGLE AND TH E WO RKING LO AD L IMI TS O F RI GGING GEAR ALL A DD TO 180 DEGR EES

INC LUDED ANGL E VE R TICAL SL IN G AN G LE

HOR IZON TA L SLI NG ANG LE

LO AD

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HOR IZON TA L SLI NG ANG LE

IN MOST LIFT S, ONL Y A SI NGL E HOOK IS AVA IL ABLE. THIS MEANS TH AT MU LT IPL E LEG SL INGS MU ST BE C OL LECT ED AT T HE LOAD HOOK. W HEN THIS IS DONE, WE FOR M WHAT WE CALL A R IGGING T RIANGLE. THE INCLU DED A NGL E IS CHE CKED FOR PR OPE R CONNEC TI ON OF HOIST HOOK OR C OL LECT OR RING. THE SL ING ANGLE MUST BE KNO WN TO PR OPER LY SE LECT SL INGS AND FIT TINGS AT T HE LOA D CONNEC TI ON.

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TH E RI GGING TRIAN GLE BAS IC FACTS SID E LO ADIN G CA N OC CU R AT LO AD. SLI NG LEN GT H AFFE CT S HOR IZO NT AL SLI NG ANG LE . 30° VERT ICAL SLING ANG LE IS BES T, 60° IS WOR ST. AS VERT IC AL SLING ANG LE BEC OMES LARG ER , THE LO AD IS “C RUS HED ” AND SLI NGS WO RK HA RD ER . THE FIT TING S AT LOAD CON NEC TION SEE SAM E LOAD AS SLI NG.

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WHE N CO LECTE D AT TH E HOO K OR CO LL ECTOR RING, SLI NGS PLA CE A SID E LO AD ON TH E EYE BO LT OR LI FTIN G PO IN T AT THE LOAD .

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THE RIGGI NG T RIANGLE 30 DE GREE VERTICAL S LI NG ANGLE YOU HAVE A 30° (OR SMA LLE R) VERT ICA L SLI NG AN GLE WHEN: LE NGTH OF SLI NG (IN CLUDE S SHAC KLE) IS EQUA L TO OR LO NGER THAN DI ST ANCE BET WEEN PI CK POI NT S

LENG TH OF SL ING

TAP E

AS THE SLI NG LENGTH IS SH ORTE NED, TH E VERTI CAL SLI NG AN GLE IS INCR EASE D A S TH E SLIN G LENGTH IS INCR EASE D, THE SLI NG AN GLE IS DECRE ASE D.

DIS TAN CE BETW EE N PICK POI NTS 09/24/09

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THE INCLUDE D A NGLE HOIST HOOK S DO NO T EX CEED 9 0 DEG REE S.

TH E W ORK ING LOAD DEP ENDS O N IT AND THE S LINGS SI T IN THE BASE OF THE HOO K AN D CLEAR OF TH E LAT CH .

INCLUDE D ANG LE : 90 DEGR EE S MA XIMUM

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NEV ER FO UL THE LATCH OF A NY HOO K, CA RE MU ST BE TAKEN WHE N PL ACI NG SLING S INTO HOOK . NEV ER “FO UL” A LATCH BY AL LO WING THE SLI NG TO BEAR AG AIN ST TH E LATCH . 23

THE V ERTI CAL SLING ANGLE LO AD MULTIPLIER EAC H SLING SEES 1/2 OF WEI GHT . PL US CR USHING LOA D

AS THE VER TIC AL SLI NG AN GLE BECO MES GREATE R, TH E SLINGS AN D FITTIN GS AT TH E LOAD CO NNECTI ON WORK HARDER . THE SLI NGS A LSO PL ACE MOR E CR US HIN G FO RCE ON THE LOAD .

AS VER TI CAL SLING A NG LE BECOMES LAR GE R, THE CR US HING LOAD GOES UP. 09/24/09

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TH E VE RTICAL S LING ANGLE LO AD MULTIP LIER SLI NG LOA D= VER TICA L LOAD X FAC TOR 30°

45°

60°

80°

1.155

1.414

2.0

5.789

(1.2)

(1.4)

(2)

(6)

SLI NG LOA D= VER TICA L LOAD X L/H

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30

45

60 DEGREES

ANG LE GR EA TER AS THE SLI NG ANGL E APRO AC HES 60°,THE MUL TIPLI ER INC RE AS ES SIGNI FI CAN TLY. ABOV E 60° THE MUL TIPLI ER INC RE AS ES EVEN MORE DRA MAT ICAL LY. NE VER ALL OW A VERT ICAL SLING THA N 60°.

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TH E VE RTICAL S LING ANGLE L/H AN D LO AD MULTIPLI ER

L H

IN THE RIG GING TR IAN GLE, IF YO U TAKE TH E LEN GTH O F THE SLI NG,( BEARING POINT TO BEARIN G PO IN T) AN D DIVID E BY THE DROP, YO U HAV E THE LO AD MU LTI PLIER.

L/H = LO AD MULT IP LI ER

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MEAS UR E TH E VERTICAL S LING ANGLE B Y USE OF L/ H L

H

IF L/H

VE RTI CA AN GLE

1. 15 5 (1. 2)

30 DEGREES

1. 41 4 (1. 4)

45 DEGREES

2

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TH E US E O F L /H OFFER S US SE VER AL TOOL S TH AT CAN BE USE D IN RIG GING. TH E MOST BASI C TOO L IS TH AT TH E SLI NG AN GLE CAN BE MEAS URE D BY USE OF A TAPE MEASU RE.

60 DEGREES

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CALCULATE TH E LO AD IN EACH LEG BY U SE OF L/H L

H

10000 kg IF L/H

T HE N LO AD

1.2 5000 =6 000 kg

1.2 X

1.4 5000 =7 000kg

1.4 X

2 5000 =1 0000 kg 09/24/09

2 X

A MOR E POWERFU L TOO L I S THE USE OF L/H TO CAL CU LATE TH E LOAD IN EACH SLING LEG AN D I N TH E FI TTI NG A T TH E L OAD CO NNECTI ON . REM EM BER TH AT TH E LOAD MULTIPL IER INCR EASE THE VE RTI CAL LOAD (THE LO AD IF TH E SLI NGS W ER E PU LLIN G ST RAI GHT UP). 28

DETE RM INE CAPACI TY OF BRI DLE IF AN GLE D IFFERENT F ROM TH AT ON T AG IF VE RT ICAL SLING AN GLE IS GRE ATE R THAN THE AN GLE INDI CAT ED ON THE TAG , THE SLI NG CAPAC ITY MU ST BE D ER ATE D

CA PA CI TY= CAP AC ITY ON TA G X

L/H FOR AN GLE ON TA G L/ H FOR ACT UAL ANGLE

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LI FTING AND RIGGING OPERATION S LIF TI NG CAPA CI TY VARI AT IO N REL AT ED WIT H TH E SL IN GS AN GLE

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LIF TIN G OPE RATIO NS MET AL LIC WI RE AN D CA BLE

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HOIS TS HO OK S LATCH REQ UIREMENTS ANS I\ASME REQU IR EMEN TS “HOO KS S HALL BE E QU IP ED WITH LATCHES” “LAT CH EQ UIP PE D HOO KS SHAL L BE USED” PER SON NEL BAS KETS AND LOCK ING LAT CHES -O SH A “HOO KS S HALL BE O F TY PE THAT CAN BE CL OSED AN D LOCK ED”

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HOO KS ON CHAI N FAL LS, BL OC KS, BLO CK A ND TACK LE AN D HOISTI NG WINCHE S MUST HAV E L ATCHE S. WHE N USE D IN PE RS ONNEL LIFTI NG, THE LATCH ES LOC KI NG ME THO D MUS T BE EN GA GED. 33

LIF TIN G OPE RATIO NS SL INGIN G REMO VAL AN D HO OK RA ISIN G

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LIFT ING AND RI GGING OPERATION S • SLINGS, CHAINS & LIFTING GEAR VERIFICATION OF METALLIC SLINGS WHEN IS IT REQUIRED TO REPLACE THE SLING ?

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LIFT ING AND RI GGING OPERATION S CAUS ES O F SLING S B RE AKING : • Overl oad ing • Be nding on shape edg e • Re duction s of re sist ing se ction s (wir e bro ke n). • Wire squeez e • Wire eccessiv ely worn 09/24/09

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ME TA LLI C ROPE S BRE AKI NG CA USE S AND MAJ OR DA MA GE

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LIF TIN G OPE RATIO NS SL IN GS, CH AI NS & LIF TIN G GEAR • WO RK HARD EN IN G • WEAR • LOOSE WELDI NG • FL ESS ION AC TI ONS • YI ELD 09/24/09

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CH AINS LIFT ING CAP AC ITY RE DUC TION RE LAT ED TO TH E WORKI NG A NGLE

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LIF TI NG OPERATION S NYL ON AN D TEXT IL E RO PES

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LIF TI NG OPERATION S - HOOK S

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LIF TI NG OPERATION S CL AMP S AND PU LLEY SE CTI ON

DIS TA NCE

DIA MET ER OF T HE BOL T 09/24/09

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LIFT ING AND RI GGING OPERATIONS COM MO N IN JURI ES HAPP ENED AT THE RIG GERS: • Squ ee ze ( at fin ge r, feet & h ands ). • Ab rasi on, cuttin g, prick. • Co ntusi on in so me par t of the body . • Fa ll in g from el ev at ion. 09/24/09

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LIFTING OPERATIONS

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END THANKS 09/24/09

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