Heterogamous Process Catalysis and Adsorption
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 126: KINETICS OF HETEROGENEOUS REACTION 11/15/2008 11/15/2008 University of the Philippines
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Previously in ChE 126 ↗Catalyst : The workhorse of chemical transformations in the industry ↗The Catalyst Action ↗Limitations of the Catalyst ↗Evaluation of the Suitability of a Catalyst ↗“7 Steps from Reactant to Products” ↗Global Rates of Reaction … 11/15/2008 11/15/2008 University of the Philippines
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Today’s Topics (Second Half) Adsorption Comparison of physisorption and chemisorption The Langmuir treatment of adsorption Other Isotherms (Tempkin,Freundlich, Elovich) Adsorption Kinetics Rates of Adsorption 11/15/2008 11/15/2008 University of the Philippines
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Complete Steps for Converting Reactants to Products 1. Transport of reactants from bulk fluid to the fluid solid interface 2. Intraparticle transport of reactants in the catalyst particle 3. Adsorption of reactants at interior sited of the catalyst particle 4. Chemical reaction of adsorbed reactants to adsorbed products 5. Desorption of adsorbed products 6. Transport of products from the interior sites to the outer surface of the catalyst surface 7. Transport of products into the bulk fluid stream
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7
6 2 3,4,5
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What happens in a non‐porous catalyst? 1. Transport of reactants from bulk fluid to the fluid solid interface 2. Intraparticle transport of reactants in the catalyst particle 3. Adsorption of reactants at interior sited of the catalyst particle 4. Chemical reaction of adsorbed reactants to adsorbed products 5. Desorption of adsorbed products 6. Transport of products from the interior sites to the outer surface of the catalyst surface 7. Transport of products into the bulk fluid stream
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Concentration profile Reaction Controlled
Cb
CATALYST
Cb ≈ Cs
Intermediate Case
Cs
r p = kC s rp = k m a m ( C b − C s )
Diffusion Controlled C = 0 s
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Adsorption • Physical adsorption (physisorption) – result of van der Waals forces – the accompanying heat of adsorption is comparable in magnitude to the heat of vaporization of the adsorbate
• Chemical adsorption (chemisorption) – chemical bonds are formed between the catalyst and the starting material
both types of adsorption are exothermic 11/15/2008 11/15/2008 University of the Philippines
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Comparison of physisorption and chemisorption
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Comparison of physisorption and chemisorption
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Adsorption
Chemisorption
Activated
Physisorption
temperature sensitive and varies according to a finite activation energy
Non‐Activated rapid adsorption and near zero activation energy
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Heat of Physisorption Heat of Chemisorption
Potential energy curves for (1) physical and (2) chemical adsorption, (a) Non activated, (b) Activated 11/15/2008 11/15/2008 University of the Philippines
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The Langmuir treatment of adsorption Sweeping assumptions •
•
The entire active center is energetically uniform.
•
There is no interaction • between adsorbed molecules. 11/15/2008 11/15/2008 University of the Philippines
All the adsorption occurs by the same mechanism
Coverage is less than one complete mono‐layer. 13 13 Chemical Engineering 126
Bulk and Surface Concentration Cg Cm
All active sites are covered with monomolecular layer or adsorsorbate 11/15/2008 11/15/2008 University of the Philippines
C
Surface adsorbed concentration 14 14 Chemical Engineering 126
Problem 7.6 and 7.7 benzene on silica gel
n‐hexane on silica gel
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Problem 7.6 and 7.7
n‐hexane on silica gel 11/15/2008 11/15/2008 University of the Philippines
benzene on silica gel 16 16 Chemical Engineering 126
Problem7.13 0.8 0.72 0.64 0.56 θ 70 θ 90
0.48
θ 110 0.4 θ 1300.32 0.24 0.16 0.08 0 0
−3
2.5×10
−3
5×10
−3
7.5×10
0.01
0.0125 〈0〉 dta
0.015
0.0175
0.02
0.0225
0.025
Caution: The last point of the red curve is fictitious
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isosteric heat of adsorption
Problem 7.13
19.314 kJ/mol
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
coverage
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Trajectory Predicted by Langmuir Isotherm
Heat of adsorption vs. surface coverage for hydrogen on metal films 11/15/2008 11/15/2008 University of the Philippines
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Types of adsorption isotherms 11/15/2008 11/15/2008 University of the Philippines
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