Lecture 1 - Introduction To Multimedia.ppt
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Multimedia and Web Engineering Demonstrate interactive multimedia presentations
What is Multimedia? Multimedia – media that uses multiple form of information content and information processing. Using more than one medium of expression or communication.
What is Multimedia? Multimedia also refers to the use of electronic media to store and experience multimedia content. Examples of Multimedia Application :
CD-Interactive Multimedia Kiosks World Wide Web MMS
The use of Multimedia Technology
Computer-Based Training
TeachingAid
The use of Multimedia Technology
References
Entertainment
The use of Multimedia Technology
Simulation
Virtual Reality
The use of Multimedia Technology
Virtual Surgery
Information Kiosk
Advantages of Multimedia 1. Is easy to use. 2. Enhancement of Text Only Messages 3. Improves over Traditional Audio-Video Presentations 4. Gains and Holds Attention 5. Good for “computer-phobics” 6. Multimedia is Entertaining as Well as Educational 7. Cost-effective 8. Trendy
Disadvantages of Multimedia 1. 2. 3. 4.
Expensive Not always easy to configure Requires special hardware Not always compatible
QUIZ!!!
1. Define MULTIMEDIA. 2. List four examples of Multimedia application. 3. Give four advantages and disadvantages of Multimedia.
Multimedia Basic Elements
Guidelines for using copyrighted multimedia elements include:
Text Motion media Illustrations Music Internet
Numerical data sets Copying and distribution Alteration limitations Citations
Multimedia Elements
Text Graphics Animation Audio Video Menus
Hyperlinks Virtual Reality Themes
The Basic Elements of Multimedia TEXT
characters that are used to create words, sentences, and paragraphs.
Titles
Multimedia is a rich medium that accommodates numerous instructional strategies. Multimedia addresses many of the challenges of instruction in both the academic and corporate environments. It is accessible over distance and time and provides a vehicle for consistent delivery. Multimedia can provide the best medium with which to communicate a concept.
•Monitor •Keyboard •Mouse •Speaker
The Basic Elements of Multimedia TEXT Text elements can be categories into: Alphabets characters: A – Z Number: 0 – 9 Special characters: . , ; : „ “ Symbols: @ # $ & *
The Basic Elements of Multimedia The use of Text
Heading / Title Bullet / list Paragraph Scrolling text Navigation Text as graphics
Multimedia Elements (Continued) Texts features should be: Appropriate for audience. Readable, which serif is preferred due to the lines at the top and bottom of text and guide the eyes across the page. Consistent.
Multimedia Elements (Continued)
Graphics are an important part of the communication process that provide highlights, expressions, demonstrations, and backgrounds
The two types of graphic used in multimedia are draw-type and bitmap.
Draw-types are made up of arcs and lines. Bitmap is made of dots.
Multimedia Elements (Continued) The multimedia designer must do the following to graphics:
Balance the size and quality. Use the appropriate graphics according to intended purposes. File formats determine how graphics will be displayed. Most popular: TIFF (Tagged Image File Format), BMP (Bitmap), PCX (Windows Paint) and PICT (Macintosh)
Standard for the internet: JPEG (Joint Photographer Experts Group), GIF (Graphics Interchange file format) and PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
Multimedia Elements (Continued)
Graphics programs allow designers to draw, paint, or edit images.
A combination of the graphic programs may have to be used in creating multimedia titles.
Multimedia Elements (Continued)
2-D Animations are useful in multimedia in the areas of entertainment, education, and training especially.
2-D Animations provide simulation and dramatizations that may not be possible by videotape.
Multimedia Elements (Continued)
3-D animations are more complex. Creating 3-D animations include modeling, animation, and rendering.
Modeling is creating broad contours and structure of 3-D objects and scenes. Animation is determining the objects motions. Rendering involves determining colors, surface textures, and amounts of transparency of objects.
The Basic Elements of Multimedia Graphics Categories There are two categories of graphics : Vector Bitmap
The Basic Elements of Multimedia Vector Graphics
Images created with software that uses geometrical formulas to represent images. Composed of individual elements, eg, arc, line, polygon, with their own attributes that can be individually edited. Can be created using any drawing software, eg: Illustrator.
The Basic Elements of Multimedia Vector Graphics
The Basic Elements of Multimedia Vector Graphics - Advantages The ability to resize and rotate a graphic without distortions a major advantage of vector graphics. Another advantage is their smaller file size.
The Basic Elements of Multimedia Vector Graphics - Disadvantages
One of the drawbacks of vector graphics is that the more complex they are, the larger the file size and the longer they take to appear on the screen. Another disadvantage is that they cannot display photorealistic quality.
The Basic Elements of Multimedia Bitmap Graphics Bitmap graphics are also called raster graphics. A bitmap represents the image as an array of dots, called pixels. Bitmap graphics are resolution-dependent and generate large file sizes.
The Basic Elements of Multimedia Bitmap Graphics
The Basic Elements of Multimedia Bitmap Graphics - Advantages The bitmap can be more photorealistic. We can set the colour of every individual pixel in the image
The Basic Elements of Multimedia Bitmap Graphics - Disadvantages
Bitmaps are memory intensive, and the higher the resolution, the larger the file size. When an image is enlarged, the individual coloured squares become visible and the illusion of a smooth image is lost to the viewer.
QUIZ!!!
1. List all Multimedia elements. 2. What are the common use of TEXT in Multimedia application? 3. Explain the difference between VECTOR and BITMAP graphics.
Multimedia Elements (Continued)
Sounds in multimedia titles could include:
Music. Narrations. Sound effects. Original recordings.
Sound waves are vibrations that are created when we speak. The patterns of sound waves are called analog wave patterns that have two attributes: volume and frequency.
Multimedia Elements (Continued)
Volume is the peak of sound waves and the distance between the peaks is the frequency.
The sound waves are converted from analog to digital form. This conversion is called sampling
Sampling is the recording of sound every fraction of a second.
Sampling is impacted by sample rate and size. The rate is the number of times the sample is taken and rate is the information stored about the sample.
Audio File Formats
AU CDA MP3 MIDI WAV WMA
Audio File Size
Sampling rate
Sample size
Channels recorded
Sampling
Also called a sample rate. Typically expressed in samples per second, or hertz (Hz), the rate at which samples of an analog signal are taken in order to be converted into digital form.
A means of reproducing a continuous event, such as sound or motion, by recording many fragments of it.
Sample Size
The number of bits used to store a sample.
Also called resolution.
In general, the more bits allocated per sample, the better the reproduction of the original analog information.
Audio sample size determines the dynamic range. DVD PCM audio uses sample sizes of 16, 20, or 24 bits.
Sample Rate
The frequency at which an analog audio stream is "sampled" or converted into digital.
The higher the sampling rate, the closer the digital file will be to the original analog source and the better the quality.
A sample rate of 44,100 khz is considered CD-quality.
The number of digital samples recorded per second.
Multimedia Elements (Continued)
Videos provide actual events for viewing instead reading about or listening to them.
Sources for videos include web sites and stock film companies.
Videos like sounds are recorded and played as analog signals, which must be digitized to be used in multimedia titles.
Multimedia Elements (Continued)
Videos can be used in CDROMS, games, in presentations, in video simulations, or during videoconferences or on websites.
Have variance in quality and user.
Are free or available for a fee.
The Video Format The file format of the video determines:
Which programs can open and play it.
How much space it occupies on a disk.
How fast it travels over an Internet connection.
Video File Formats
AVI (audio video interleave)
MOV (movie), also known as QuickTime
MPEG compresses audio and video
RM (RealMedia)
WMV (Windows media video)
Multimedia Elements (Continued) Stock clips of animation, sound, and video are:
Accessible on CD’s, slideshow application or web sites.
Made available by vendors or individuals.
Available in several formats such as MPEG1, Quicktime or Streaming Quicktime.
Multimedia Elements (Continued)
Virtual Reality is an environment that surrounds users so that they become part of the experience.
Theme refers to the concept or idea of the title.
Quiz!!!
1. 2. 3. 4.
Explain the difference between Animation and Video. List are the use of Animation in Multimedia? Give two advantages of Digital Video. List are the use of Sound in Multimedia?
Categorization
Two types of Multimedia presentation : Linear Presentation
Non-linear Interactive
Categorization
Linear active content progresses without any navigation control for the viewer such as a cinema presentation.
Categorization
Non-linear content offers user interactivity to control progress as used with a computer game or used in self-paced computer based training.
Hypermedia Information is linked and cross-referenced in many different ways and is widely available to end users. Hypertext means a database in which information (text) has been organised nonlinearly. The database consists of nodes and links between nodes
World Wide Web World Wide Web (WWW) is a global hypermedia system on Internet. It can be described as wide-area hypermedia information retrieval initiative aiming to give universal access to a large universe of documents.
Basic Parts of Multimedia Presentations (Continued) Hyperlinks are “hot spots” or “jumps” that locate another file or page. They are represented by a graphic or colored and underlined text.
Some of the many hyperlinks
Hyperlink to video clip
Basic Parts of a Multimedia Presentations (Continued) Hyperlinks allow the end user to navigate between slides, additional elements (i.e. Word and Excel documents), audio, video clips, and other interactive parts of the presentation. Hyperlinks also allow the user to launch the Internet browser and open a selected site in cyberspace.
World Wide Web To use WWW the user needs a browser (eg. Internet Explorer, Firefox) that are used to display complex graphics, animation and sound.
Designing Hypermedia
Important questions in designing the hypermedia are: Converting linear text to hypertext Text format conversions Dividing the text into nodes Link structures, automatic generation of links Are nodes in a database or are they separate files on file system Client-server of standalone
Quiz!!! 1. Explain the difference between LINEAR and NON-LINEAR presentation. 2. What does WWW stands for? 3. Explain the difference between INTERNAL and EXTERNAL link. 4. What are the important questions in designing the hypermedia?
Basic Parts of Multimedia Presentations
Basic Parts of Multimedia Presentations
Menus are a list of options available for users.
Commands link to other parts of the presentation. Without the links between pages, the user cannot navigate the presentation.
Basic Parts of a Multimedia Presentations (Continued) A slide Transition is the visual effect of a slide as it moves on and off the screen during a slide show. Each slide can only have one transition. Transition features include: Speed Sound
Direction Timing
Basic Parts of a Multimedia Presentations (Continued) Build effect is applied to text to make it appear on a slide in increments of one letter, word, or section at a time in order to keep viewers’ attention. Additional build effects can be used with audio clips, video clips, graphics, and other parts of the presentation.
Review Guidelines for using copyrighted multimedia elements include:
Text Motion media Illustrations Music Internet Numerical data sets Copying and distribution Alteration limitations Citations
Review (Continued) Multimedia Elements: Text Graphics Animation Audio Video Virtual Reality Themes
Review (Continued) Basic Parts of Multimedia Presentations Menus Commands Hyperlinks Transition
What is Multimedia? Multimedia – media that uses multiple form of information content and information processing. Using more than one medium of expression or communication.
What is Multimedia? Multimedia also refers to the use of electronic media to store and experience multimedia content. Examples of Multimedia Application :
CD-Interactive Multimedia Kiosks World Wide Web MMS
The use of Multimedia Technology
Computer-Based Training
TeachingAid
The use of Multimedia Technology
References
Entertainment
The use of Multimedia Technology
Simulation
Virtual Reality
The use of Multimedia Technology
Virtual Surgery
Information Kiosk
Advantages of Multimedia 1. Is easy to use. 2. Enhancement of Text Only Messages 3. Improves over Traditional Audio-Video Presentations 4. Gains and Holds Attention 5. Good for “computer-phobics” 6. Multimedia is Entertaining as Well as Educational 7. Cost-effective 8. Trendy
Disadvantages of Multimedia 1. 2. 3. 4.
Expensive Not always easy to configure Requires special hardware Not always compatible
QUIZ!!!
1. Define MULTIMEDIA. 2. List four examples of Multimedia application. 3. Give four advantages and disadvantages of Multimedia.
Multimedia Basic Elements
Guidelines for using copyrighted multimedia elements include:
Text Motion media Illustrations Music Internet
Numerical data sets Copying and distribution Alteration limitations Citations
Multimedia Elements
Text Graphics Animation Audio Video Menus
Hyperlinks Virtual Reality Themes
The Basic Elements of Multimedia TEXT
characters that are used to create words, sentences, and paragraphs.
Titles
Multimedia is a rich medium that accommodates numerous instructional strategies. Multimedia addresses many of the challenges of instruction in both the academic and corporate environments. It is accessible over distance and time and provides a vehicle for consistent delivery. Multimedia can provide the best medium with which to communicate a concept.
•Monitor •Keyboard •Mouse •Speaker
The Basic Elements of Multimedia TEXT Text elements can be categories into: Alphabets characters: A – Z Number: 0 – 9 Special characters: . , ; : „ “ Symbols: @ # $ & *
The Basic Elements of Multimedia The use of Text
Heading / Title Bullet / list Paragraph Scrolling text Navigation Text as graphics
Multimedia Elements (Continued) Texts features should be: Appropriate for audience. Readable, which serif is preferred due to the lines at the top and bottom of text and guide the eyes across the page. Consistent.
Multimedia Elements (Continued)
Graphics are an important part of the communication process that provide highlights, expressions, demonstrations, and backgrounds
The two types of graphic used in multimedia are draw-type and bitmap.
Draw-types are made up of arcs and lines. Bitmap is made of dots.
Multimedia Elements (Continued) The multimedia designer must do the following to graphics:
Balance the size and quality. Use the appropriate graphics according to intended purposes. File formats determine how graphics will be displayed. Most popular: TIFF (Tagged Image File Format), BMP (Bitmap), PCX (Windows Paint) and PICT (Macintosh)
Standard for the internet: JPEG (Joint Photographer Experts Group), GIF (Graphics Interchange file format) and PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
Multimedia Elements (Continued)
Graphics programs allow designers to draw, paint, or edit images.
A combination of the graphic programs may have to be used in creating multimedia titles.
Multimedia Elements (Continued)
2-D Animations are useful in multimedia in the areas of entertainment, education, and training especially.
2-D Animations provide simulation and dramatizations that may not be possible by videotape.
Multimedia Elements (Continued)
3-D animations are more complex. Creating 3-D animations include modeling, animation, and rendering.
Modeling is creating broad contours and structure of 3-D objects and scenes. Animation is determining the objects motions. Rendering involves determining colors, surface textures, and amounts of transparency of objects.
The Basic Elements of Multimedia Graphics Categories There are two categories of graphics : Vector Bitmap
The Basic Elements of Multimedia Vector Graphics
Images created with software that uses geometrical formulas to represent images. Composed of individual elements, eg, arc, line, polygon, with their own attributes that can be individually edited. Can be created using any drawing software, eg: Illustrator.
The Basic Elements of Multimedia Vector Graphics
The Basic Elements of Multimedia Vector Graphics - Advantages The ability to resize and rotate a graphic without distortions a major advantage of vector graphics. Another advantage is their smaller file size.
The Basic Elements of Multimedia Vector Graphics - Disadvantages
One of the drawbacks of vector graphics is that the more complex they are, the larger the file size and the longer they take to appear on the screen. Another disadvantage is that they cannot display photorealistic quality.
The Basic Elements of Multimedia Bitmap Graphics Bitmap graphics are also called raster graphics. A bitmap represents the image as an array of dots, called pixels. Bitmap graphics are resolution-dependent and generate large file sizes.
The Basic Elements of Multimedia Bitmap Graphics
The Basic Elements of Multimedia Bitmap Graphics - Advantages The bitmap can be more photorealistic. We can set the colour of every individual pixel in the image
The Basic Elements of Multimedia Bitmap Graphics - Disadvantages
Bitmaps are memory intensive, and the higher the resolution, the larger the file size. When an image is enlarged, the individual coloured squares become visible and the illusion of a smooth image is lost to the viewer.
QUIZ!!!
1. List all Multimedia elements. 2. What are the common use of TEXT in Multimedia application? 3. Explain the difference between VECTOR and BITMAP graphics.
Multimedia Elements (Continued)
Sounds in multimedia titles could include:
Music. Narrations. Sound effects. Original recordings.
Sound waves are vibrations that are created when we speak. The patterns of sound waves are called analog wave patterns that have two attributes: volume and frequency.
Multimedia Elements (Continued)
Volume is the peak of sound waves and the distance between the peaks is the frequency.
The sound waves are converted from analog to digital form. This conversion is called sampling
Sampling is the recording of sound every fraction of a second.
Sampling is impacted by sample rate and size. The rate is the number of times the sample is taken and rate is the information stored about the sample.
Audio File Formats
AU CDA MP3 MIDI WAV WMA
Audio File Size
Sampling rate
Sample size
Channels recorded
Sampling
Also called a sample rate. Typically expressed in samples per second, or hertz (Hz), the rate at which samples of an analog signal are taken in order to be converted into digital form.
A means of reproducing a continuous event, such as sound or motion, by recording many fragments of it.
Sample Size
The number of bits used to store a sample.
Also called resolution.
In general, the more bits allocated per sample, the better the reproduction of the original analog information.
Audio sample size determines the dynamic range. DVD PCM audio uses sample sizes of 16, 20, or 24 bits.
Sample Rate
The frequency at which an analog audio stream is "sampled" or converted into digital.
The higher the sampling rate, the closer the digital file will be to the original analog source and the better the quality.
A sample rate of 44,100 khz is considered CD-quality.
The number of digital samples recorded per second.
Multimedia Elements (Continued)
Videos provide actual events for viewing instead reading about or listening to them.
Sources for videos include web sites and stock film companies.
Videos like sounds are recorded and played as analog signals, which must be digitized to be used in multimedia titles.
Multimedia Elements (Continued)
Videos can be used in CDROMS, games, in presentations, in video simulations, or during videoconferences or on websites.
Have variance in quality and user.
Are free or available for a fee.
The Video Format The file format of the video determines:
Which programs can open and play it.
How much space it occupies on a disk.
How fast it travels over an Internet connection.
Video File Formats
AVI (audio video interleave)
MOV (movie), also known as QuickTime
MPEG compresses audio and video
RM (RealMedia)
WMV (Windows media video)
Multimedia Elements (Continued) Stock clips of animation, sound, and video are:
Accessible on CD’s, slideshow application or web sites.
Made available by vendors or individuals.
Available in several formats such as MPEG1, Quicktime or Streaming Quicktime.
Multimedia Elements (Continued)
Virtual Reality is an environment that surrounds users so that they become part of the experience.
Theme refers to the concept or idea of the title.
Quiz!!!
1. 2. 3. 4.
Explain the difference between Animation and Video. List are the use of Animation in Multimedia? Give two advantages of Digital Video. List are the use of Sound in Multimedia?
Categorization
Two types of Multimedia presentation : Linear Presentation
Non-linear Interactive
Categorization
Linear active content progresses without any navigation control for the viewer such as a cinema presentation.
Categorization
Non-linear content offers user interactivity to control progress as used with a computer game or used in self-paced computer based training.
Hypermedia Information is linked and cross-referenced in many different ways and is widely available to end users. Hypertext means a database in which information (text) has been organised nonlinearly. The database consists of nodes and links between nodes
World Wide Web World Wide Web (WWW) is a global hypermedia system on Internet. It can be described as wide-area hypermedia information retrieval initiative aiming to give universal access to a large universe of documents.
Basic Parts of Multimedia Presentations (Continued) Hyperlinks are “hot spots” or “jumps” that locate another file or page. They are represented by a graphic or colored and underlined text.
Some of the many hyperlinks
Hyperlink to video clip
Basic Parts of a Multimedia Presentations (Continued) Hyperlinks allow the end user to navigate between slides, additional elements (i.e. Word and Excel documents), audio, video clips, and other interactive parts of the presentation. Hyperlinks also allow the user to launch the Internet browser and open a selected site in cyberspace.
World Wide Web To use WWW the user needs a browser (eg. Internet Explorer, Firefox) that are used to display complex graphics, animation and sound.
Designing Hypermedia
Important questions in designing the hypermedia are: Converting linear text to hypertext Text format conversions Dividing the text into nodes Link structures, automatic generation of links Are nodes in a database or are they separate files on file system Client-server of standalone
Quiz!!! 1. Explain the difference between LINEAR and NON-LINEAR presentation. 2. What does WWW stands for? 3. Explain the difference between INTERNAL and EXTERNAL link. 4. What are the important questions in designing the hypermedia?
Basic Parts of Multimedia Presentations
Basic Parts of Multimedia Presentations
Menus are a list of options available for users.
Commands link to other parts of the presentation. Without the links between pages, the user cannot navigate the presentation.
Basic Parts of a Multimedia Presentations (Continued) A slide Transition is the visual effect of a slide as it moves on and off the screen during a slide show. Each slide can only have one transition. Transition features include: Speed Sound
Direction Timing
Basic Parts of a Multimedia Presentations (Continued) Build effect is applied to text to make it appear on a slide in increments of one letter, word, or section at a time in order to keep viewers’ attention. Additional build effects can be used with audio clips, video clips, graphics, and other parts of the presentation.
Review Guidelines for using copyrighted multimedia elements include:
Text Motion media Illustrations Music Internet Numerical data sets Copying and distribution Alteration limitations Citations
Review (Continued) Multimedia Elements: Text Graphics Animation Audio Video Virtual Reality Themes
Review (Continued) Basic Parts of Multimedia Presentations Menus Commands Hyperlinks Transition
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