Laminar Solar Desalination 081103

Laminar Solar Desalination Passive Cellular Array Structures and Deployment A Pictorial Summary World View Water Gordon Rogers

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In the late eighteen hundreds in Chile, this system is said to have produced 5,000 Gallons per day in 50,000 Square Feet.

The counter-current gradient exposure to the condensation surface assures significantly higher energy capture and water production

Cellular Element

Summary: The present invention provides a scalable means for the purification, including desalination, of water by use of multiple layers of thin plastic. These layers would be convoluted into bubbles and manifolds forming channels, thermal transfer interfaces and containment, as well as thermal isolation in contained gas volumes.

Layer Definitions 1) Layer above ‘2’ forms the outer dome. Provides thermal isolation. 2)This Layer, above ‘3’ forms the inner dome and evaporative containment vessel. Is thermally isolated from airflow above the system by external dome above it. 3) Not a complete layer:, but above 4, constitutes the evaporative structure. Should be porous water insoluble being of food-grade materials and capable of sustained temperatures approaching 100 degrees centigrade. 4) Layer above ‘5’ forms an elevated cup whose interior bottom is formed by the sheet two layers below and is additionally accessed by the end point of the spiral one layer below. The layer is otherwise in contact and seals with the layer below it. It should be non-porous, water insoluble and be of food-grade materials on its upper-surface and capable of sustained temperatures above 100 degrees centigrade. 5) Layer above ‘6’ is composed of a spiral channel of the same curvature as that below. Its spiral is principally contained by the spiral below except at its endpoints on the output end that terminate outside the thermal containment bubble created by layer below, and of the end closest to the center of the cell that terminates opening onto the bottom of the central cup. 6) Layer above ‘7’ forms the incoming channel by means of a spiral conduit where the layer is otherwise in contact with the layer above it forming seals around the perimeter of the spiral channel and in a central depression forming the floor of the cup two layers up. Feeds perforation with effluent process water slightly enriched in saline concentration. 7) Layer above ‘8’ forms the upper boundary of the tube described above. Should be sealed along the sides of the tube of Layer ‘6’. Forms sealed regions around the features on the next layer up to provide thermal isolation of those features. Is perforated into flat tube below. Lower surface is of food-grade materials. 8) Layer constitutes upper boundary of a wide but shallow tube and contains water flowing downhill on a slight grade to provide suction and seawater or process water to be purified for slightly saline enriched water to mix. The water should be at the lowest ambient temperature easily available. 9) Bottom layer constitutes Collection Channel for freshwater effluent to be routed for collection.

Notional Representation of Relative Temperatures Dictating Heat Flow Fresh Water Effluent Collection at Controllable Temperature

Thermally Isolated System

Condensation

Heat

>>> 15°C Seawater Target and Source Reservoir

Laminar Plastic >>>

15°C

44°C

Interface >>>

45°C

Incoming Water Flow Spiral Laminar Plastic <<<

16°C

<<<

Evaporation

Condensation

Interface 45°C

Outgoing Water Flow Spiral

<<<

>>>

SUN

Condensation

Water Vapor in Air Solution at 99° Centigrade

99°C Liquid Solution in Evaporative Cup Common to Both Incoming and Outgoing Water

Details of Spiral Incoming and Outgoing Channels Depicted above are the nested spiral layers forming the mechanism for the water’s thermal-transfer counter current gradient flow. Water enters the outer loop of the upper spiral through a hole in the layer above it. The water then flows around the incoming spiral loops to enter the inner cup. The water level rises to cover the exit channel’s opening. Warmed water of slightly increased salinity flows around the outgoing spiral loops, exchanging heat as the water moves in opposite directions, incoming water warming, outgoing water cooling, until it changes course and exits the area under the upper domes, ending its thermal exchange cycle. The increased-salinity water then drains from the system.

Common Reservoir Contact

Section of Nested Spirals

Inter-Layer Registrations

Finite Element Analysis Progress

Early Testing

Model verification through thermographic testing will expand in its support of optimized production design

Early Prototyping

Surface Filling Views

And From Below

Long-term Permanent Installations Using Existing Structures…

Canal Cross Section

The Use of Existing Structures in Concert with the System Gives Great Flexibility and Economy to the Approach

Emergency and Provisional Installations

Dedicated Tanker Ships Will Require Independent Pipelines to Shore

Remote Deployment This system will be deployed in emergency circumstances anywhere in the world on short notice to remediate flooding, contamination of local sources, and provide marine desalination for local droughts

May be combined to form

The Implications for the use of conventional solar-electric energy for water production are profound. Efficiencies achieved by this direct solar desalination method may approach 50:1 by area and more in cost!

Heated Water Storage Can be Used Directly on Production or Stored Overnight

Retrofit or Designed Buildings using the System

In Urban Areas by the sea, like ninety percent of the population

Co-location with Oil Platforms

Brackish Land-locked Systems

Various Feasible Orientations

Implications • Current calculations suggest that Los Angeles’ 200,000,000 gallons per day would require approximately 19.6 sq miles for the 5 cm2 cells or 14.04 sq miles for the 1cm2 cells.

Milestones • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Preliminary cellular design documented 3/05 First Prototype executed 3/05 First water produced 3/05 Extended Computer assisted design effort initiated 5/05 Favorable Patent search completed 06 Detailed studies of cell and array operational physics and design space Provisional Patent Filing 07 worldviewwater.com goes online ‘07 Contacted Business Development Manager of Flextronics, equipment manufacturer for Design for Manufacturability ‘07 City of San Antonio Water System Expression of Interest Presented ‘07 Commitment for DFM study and extended prototype systems US and Patent Cooperative Treaty Priority (PCT) Utility Patent Filed February, ‘08 Protected Intellectual property valuation ‘08-‘09 In-Country Patent Application filings under PCT‘08-‘09 Low Rate Initial Production ‘09 Break Even ‘10 Ramp to Production

US and PCT Patent Files • 12036250 • PCT/US/08/54925

PCT Filing Calendar • Under Construction

Market Study Eye-chart: 31 segments identified Click Segment Detail

for Market Target

Population

Size/ Persons Served

Percent Market Capture

Estimated Revenue per Unit

Market Value Subtotal

Percent Available

Current Value USD

Municipal Large Scale Municipal Developed Areas

Large Scale Municipal Undeveloped or Developing Areas

Southern California W ater Area

San

Joaquin Delta Project

Santa

Barbara Project

City

This opportunity focuses on large-scale municipal applications for the PCDA. This entail contracts with customers including water districts such as DW P of Los Angeles and the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta W ater Project of Northern California. Such applications would involve very large linkedPCDAs integrated with existing supply and control infrastructures. Very-large systems would be impleme nted to provide sustainable potable water supplies, replenish depleted aquifers for public consumption.

United States, Germany, India, Belgium, France, China, United Kingdom, J apan, Italy, Spain, South Africa, Netherlands, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Algeria, Mexico, Brazil, Indonesia, Austria, Australia, Russian Federation, Morocco, Romania, Hungary, Ukraine, Singapore, Switzerland, Turkey, Slovakia, Philippines, Israel, United Arab Emirates

This opportunity focuses on large-scale municipal applications for the PCDA. This segment is identified as unique to undeveloped and developing areas.

Nigeria, Zimbabwe, Sudan, Ghana, Bangladesh, Kenya, Nepal, Ethiopia, Niger, Togo, Burkina Faso, Viet Nam, Benin, Guinea, Chad, Madagascar, Afghanistan, Eritrea, Burundi, Gambia, Cambo dia, Central African Rep, Sierra Leone, Haiti, Rwanda, Tadjikis tan, Liberia, Bhutan, Comoros

This opportunity focuses on integration of PCDA with existing and planned public infrastructure. Add to freshwater capacity and for public consumption. Implement through local water authorities. Agricultural water conservation, urban water conservation and water recycling applications funded under state grants.

State

of

This opportunity focuses on integration of PCDA with existing and planned public infrastructure. Replenish depleted aquifers. Add to freshwater capacity and for public consumption. Agricultural water conservation, urban water conservation and water recycling applications funded under state grants.

State

of

This opportunity focuses on coupling PCDA with existing source and supply pipelines. Facilities previously dedicated for a defunct reverse osmosi s system would be utilized.

City

of

4,418,261,000

people

NOT DETERMINED

728,616,000

people

NOT DETERMINED

California

$470,000,000 at 76 projects = $6,184,210 avg. ea. project

NOT DETERMINED

California

$111,324,000. at 124 projects = $897,774 avg. ea. Project

NOT DETERMINED

$104,000 Public W orks Special Projects Funding

NOT DETERMINED

S anta

Barbara

Par = 2 projects $50 mil lion over years = $100,000,000

NOT

@ ten

DETERMINED

Par = 10 projects @ $15 mil lion over ten years = $150,000,000

100,000,000

NOT DETERMINED

150,000,000

NOT

DETERMINED

NOT DETERMINED

NOT

DETERMINED

NOT DETERMINED

Industrial Industrial W aste Stream Scrubber

Industrial W ater Treatment

Pre-

Bottled/Packaged Water Producers

This opportunity focuses on industrial customers who need to recycle process waters and to separate hazardous impurities from effluent. The PCDA would be integrated with waste stream s eparation processes and replace less efficient and more costly components of t hese processes.

DEVELOPMENT

This opportunity focuses on industrial customers who require fresh water for processing operations.

DEVELOPMENT

This opportunity focuses on industrial customers who produce water based products (not including agricultural markets).

USA, Mexico, China, Brazil, Italy, Germany, France, Indonesia, Spain, India

Sea Large Scale Platform, Shipboard

154,300,000,000 liters/year and $10,980,000,000. per year

NOT DETERMINED

Par = 20 projects @ $400,000 over ten years = $8,000,000

NOT DETERMINED

Par = 20 projects @ $400,000 over ten years = $8,000,000

NOT DETERMINED

Par = 8 projects @ $1,500,000 over ten years = $12,000,000

NOT DETERMINED

Par = 5 projects @ $1,500,000 over ten years = $7,500,000

8,000,000

8,000,000

12,000,000

Deployment

This opportunity focuses on shipboard applications for freshwater harvesting and stationary platform freshwater sources.

DEVELOPMENT for

7,500,000

Portable/Specialty Wilderness Unit

Sports

Marine Pleasure Craft Unit

Garden

Greenhouse Kit

This opportunity focuses on a s mall (handcarried) configuration of the PCDA suitable remote loc ation temporary or permanent installations.

United

States

98,682,000 fishermen, campers, hunters applicable

0.1

This opportunity focuses on pleasure marine accessories market. The PCDA would be included in or supplement existing first aid or survival kit s carried on-board private pleasure craft.

United

States

6,900,000 Recreational Boats Appropriate for Kit

0.1

450

3,105,000

This opportunity focuses on a garden kit distributed by major retailers. Providing greenhouse and shade space.

United

States

$13,000,000,000. dollars/year flower, landscaping, container gardening

0.1

1200

30,240,000

United

States

$33,954,344,000. Misc. Home Supplies/Year

75

5,400,000

United

States

Drinking W ater $2,000,000 Each Large Hurricane

NOT DETERMINED

Par = 5 projects @ $500,000 over ten years = $2,500,000

2,500,000

1,068,075,000 people affected

NOT DETERMINED

Par = 15 projects @ $500,000 over ten years = $7,500,000

7,500,000

for

150

14,802,300

Emergency Provisional Home

Safety Kit

Disaster Area Response

This opportunity focuses on a home s afety distributed by major retailers. Providing filtering of water and purification during disruption of s upply.

kit

This opportunity focuses on medium s cale portable systems suitable for airlift delivery, container ship, and/or delivered by truck. The customers are government and charitable humanitarian or emergency disaster relief organizations.

0.1

Residential Commercial Residential and Developers

This opportunity focuses comm ercial properties, public buildings, government buildings and commerc ial residential properties. The PCDA would be integrated into the building’s primary water supply for initial treatment form ma rine or tainted ground sources as well as gray water waste stream to remove impurities for recycling to fresh water. Array panels are added to exterior walls, as decorative panels, to form awnings, roofs or fascia or can be integrated into the s tructure by architects for new structures.

Japan, Italy, Poland, Barbados, Netherlands, Hungary, United Arab Emirates, Spain, Portugal, United Kingdom, Mexico, Switzerland, Malta, Lithuania, Cyprus, Croatia, Greece, Denmark, Latvia, Oman, Ireland, United States, etc.

Private Residential and Homeowners

This opportunity focuses on the home improvement green movement market comprised of private homeowners. Whe ther through an installation contractor or as a do it yourself project, these customers would integrate PCDA panels into the building’s gray water waste stream to rem ove impurities for recycling to fresh water. Array panels are added to exterior walls, as decorative panels, to form awnings or can be integrated into the structure by architects. Distributed through leading building and lumber stores.

United

Large Agricultural Producers

This opportunity focuses on large scale PCDA systems, for close to medium proximity to saltwater, which supplies fresh water for open air agriculture and food production.

China, India, United States, Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Russian Federation, Japan, Mexico, Germany, Philippines, Egypt, Turkey, Thailand, France, United Kingdom, Italy, South Africa, Ukraine, Colombia, Spain, Poland, Argentina, Algeria, Morocco, Peru, Venezuela, Malaysia, etc.

This opportunity focuses on PCDA systems configured with greenhouses. So configured, as a partial fill-factor, the PCDA provides insulation, shade and fresh water.

United

This opportunity focuses on and removal of salt buildup.

DEVELOPMENT

States

72,000,000 homeowner buyers of improvement materials

0.01

1200

21,600,000

Agricultural

Commercial Greenhouses

Run-Off

Scrubber

Large Scale W etlands Restoration

5,013,469,000 people affected

NOT DETERMINED

Par = 20 projects @ $450,000 over ten years = $9,000,000

9,000,000

$12,115,000,000. dollars annual product

NOT DETERMINED

Par = 50 projects @ $50,000 over ten years = $2,500,000

2,500,000

NOT DETERMINED

Par = 10 projects @ $50,000 over ten years = $500,000

DEVELOPMENT

NOT DETERMINED

Par = 1 project @ $50,000,000 over ten years = $50,000,000

This opportunity focuses on integration of PCDA-supplied agriculture in greenhouse or open air applications primarily intended to increase green area CO2 removal from the atmosphere. Integrated systems operating as greenhouses would also be capable of scrubbing CO2 from urban air streams or industrial processing exhaust when coupled to the gas production waste stream. Both approaches allow for food and excess water production for human or livestock consumption.

DEVELOPMENT

NOT DETERMINED

Par = 10 projects @ $500,000 over ten years = $5,000,000

Large-scale weather impacts of ocean installations is anticipated to form an increasing role in system deployment planning

DEVELOPMENT

NOT DETERMINED

Par = 0.3 projects @ $50,000,000 over ten years = $15,000,000

NOT DETERMINED

Par = 50,000,000 people @ $0.003/day beginning at year 5 = $54,750,000 per year x 5 years = $273,750,000 at year 10

runoff

cleanup

Restoration of wetland ecosystems has been indicated as a primary means of stabilizing desertification in areas with historically high rainfall.

States

500,000

50,000,000

Atmospheric CO2 Scrubbing Integrated Scrubber Systems

Large Scale Scrubber

surface

5,000,000

15,000,000

Fresh Water Recovery for Impoverished Families and Villages Poverty and Disease Relief Kit

This opportunity focuses on development of personal or small village adaptation of the PCDA for impoverished people where humanitarian activities exist in relief-packaged bundles. The adapted version of the PCDA would be portable by small truck (potentially could include a smaller backpack-portable personal configuration) allowing its use in remote areas. Since the PCDA has no moving parts and requires no other energy aside from s unlight, its use by people without facilities or technical training is feasible. The PCDA may be readily integrated as a component of relief packages currently in humanitarian distribution.

China, India, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Dem Rep of the Congo, Brazil, Afghanistan, U. Rep of Tanzania, Pakistan, Kenya, Viet Nam, Phil ippines, Myanmar, Sudan, Madagascar, Romania, Cambodia, Niger, Angola, Yemen, etc.

1,017,844,780 people without water who we can reach!

273,750,000

Conservatively exceeds $750 M