Lab Normal Values

Biochemistries Na+ 135~153mEq/l ↓1.4mmol/l，每 100mg/dl↑plasma glucose K+ 3.5~5.3mEq/l Cl95~105mEq/l Bicarbonate 24~31mEq/l AG=Na+-(Cl-+HCO3-);12±4mEq/L(8~12) BUN 5~25mg/dl Creatinine 0.5~1.4mg/dl Glucose 65~109mg/dl, 3.61~6.06mmol/l Calcium 9~11mg/dl, 2.25~2.75mmol/l Ca2+,corrected (4-Alb,patient)0.8+Ca,pat Ca2+,ionized =4.0~5.5mg/dl, 1.0~1.375mmol/l

Electrophoresis TPE Serum 6.0~8.0 CSF 15~40 A/G 1.0~1.8 Alpha 1 0.1~0.4 Alpha 2 0.6~1.0 Beta 0.6~1.3 Gamma 0.7~1.5 HbA1C 4.0~5.2%

* 45~50% of total Calcium Phosphate (PO4 )=2.5~4.6mg/dl Mg2+ 1.9~3.1mg/dl, 0.83~1.29mmol/l Total Protein 6.0~8.3g/dl Albumin 3.5~5.0g/dl A/G 1.5~2.01 Total Bili 0.2~1.0mg/dl Direct Bili 0.0~0.2mg/dl Alk Phos 32~92U/I SGOT, AST 10~35U/I SGPT, ALT 10~40U/I GGTP 7~64 U/I LDH 91~180U/I CPK 22~269U/I CPK MB 2.3~9.5 Troponin <0.1 Homocystein 5~15μM Amylase 60~180 U/I Lipase 4~25U/I Acid Phos，Tot 0~10 U/I Acid Phos，Pr <4 U/I Osmolality 285~295mOsm/kg Osmolality 2Na++BUN/2.8+Glu/18 Ammonia <70μg/dl

Creatinine 80~140ml/min/ Clearance 1.73m2BSA Glucose <300mg/day Osmolality 250~1000mOsm/l Total Volume 720~1600ml/day Urea Nitrogen 6~17g/day Uric Acid 250~750mg/day Specific Gravity 1.002~1.030 17 Ketos M: 10~20, F: 5~15 mg/day 17OH 2~10mg/day VMA 0.5~12.0mg/day 5-HIAA 2~8mg/24h pH 4.6~8.0 β-HCG 0~10mIU/ml Phosphorus 0.9~1.3g/day Potassium 25~115mEq/day Protein 10~200mg/day Sodium 50~250mEq/day Calcium <150mg/day Cu 0~30μg/24h Pb <100μg/24h Mg 0.24~0.48mg/dl CCr(ml/min) x0.85(women) = [(140-age) x weight(kg)]

Urine Albumin 20~100mg/day Amylase <20U/hr(560~2240IU/day) Creatinine 1~2g/day

Uric Acid 2.6~7.2mg/dl Lactate 0.5~2.2mmol/l CRP <5 IgG(serum) 917.2~1891.2 IgG index <0.7(0.65) IgG index IgG(CSF)/IgG(serum) Albumin(CSF)/Albumin(serum) Triglycerides 35~160mg/dl Cholesterol 140~200mg/dl LDL Chol 0~130mg/dl HDL Chol 29~85mg/dl Chol/HDL <4.5~6.0 Hematology Lymphocyte(diff)

[72xserum Cr(mg/dl)] CCr(ml/min) = [urine Cr(mg/dl) x volume(ml)] [serum Cr(mg/dl) x time(minutes)] FENa = [(UNaxPCr)/(PNaxUCr)]x100 TTKG = [(K+U)/(K+P)]/[OsmU /OsmP]

Total T, CD3 60~87% Total T/mm3 630~3170 B Cell 1~25% Suppr, CD8 10~40% Suppr/mm3 240~1200 Helper, CD4 30~50% H：S, CD4/CD8 0.8~3.0 WBC 4000~11,000/ul Segs 37~75% Bands 0~5% Lymph 12~50% Mono 0~10% Eos 0~4% Baso 0~1% RBC M:4.5~6.0, F:4.0~5.5 x106/mm3 Hb M: 13~17 l, F: 12~16 g/dl Hct M: 40~53 , F: 37~47 % MCV M: 79~101, F: 80~100 fl MCH 26~35pg MCHC(=MCH/MCV) 31~37% Platelets 130~500 x103/ul Reticulocyte Count 0.5~2.0% (Corrected = reticulocyte *HCT/45 or *Hb/15)

Factor 8 60~120% Factor 9 70~120% Factor 11 70~120% α-2A 80~120% Antithrombin III 80~120% Protein C 70~140% Eosinophil count 150~300cu.mm.

FDP(3’P)

<5.0μg/ml

Endocrinology T4 RIA 4.5~11.5ug/dl T3 Uptake 25~37% Free T4 0.7~1.8ng/dl T3 80~200ng/dl TSH 0.4~5.0uIU/ml Aldosterone，supine 3~12ng/dl Aldosterone，upright 5~25ng/dl Calcitonin <75pg/ml Cortisol 5~25ug/dl，AM ≦1/2AM 值，PM Gastrin 0~200pg/ml Growth Hormone 1~10ng/ml Pepsinogen 25~100mg/ml Prolactin M:1.5~9.7, F:1.4~14.6 ng/ml PTH 10~60pg/ml

Reticulocyte production index(2.5) = Corrected reticulocyte count maturation time correction (Hct=25%時為 2) Hgb A1C 4.0~5.2% Haptoglobin 100~250mg/dl ESR 0~10mm/hr PT 10.2~11.7sec APTT 24.0~36.8sec Bleeding Time Duke: 1~3min, Ivy : 2.5~9.5min Thrombin Time 10~14sec RDW-CV 11.5~14.5 RDW-SD 36~46 Iron M: 60~200 , F: 55~180 ug/dl UIBC 130~300ug/dl Iron % Saturation 20~55% [=Iron/(Iron+UIBC)] Ferritin 30~300ng/ml Fibrinogen 170~410mg/dl Fibrin Split Prod Variable per dilution D-dimer Blood or sodium: <324μg/dl ABGs PH 7.35~7.45 PaCO2 35~45mmHg PaO2 75~100mmHg HCO3 22~26mEq/l SaO2 95~98% SvO2 60~85% BE 0±2mmol/l tCO2 23~27mmol/l pH= 6.1+log([HCO3-]/0.03PaCO2) [H+](nM/L)= 24x(PaCO2/[HCO3-]) PAO2= (Patm-PH2O)×FIO2-PaCO2/R A-aDO2= PAO2-PaO2(room air<10~12) CaO2= 0.003×PaO2+1.36×Hb×SaO2 AG=[Na+]-([HCO3-]+[Cl-]);12±4mEq/L

Thyroglobulin <25ng/ml TSH-Ab receptor ≦15U/l Testosterone M：270~1070ng/dl F：6.0~86.0ng/dl ACTH 7.4~55.7pg/ml C-peptide Fasting： 0.3~2.5ng/ml Peak： 4~10ng/ml Insulin 3~35IU/ml

IgG IgA IgM IgE IgD

Immunoglobulin 1355.5~1452.9mg/dl 235.8~270.4mg/dl 139.2~163.6mg/dl 66.4~109mg/dl 1.32~3.12mg/dl

Complement C3 83.1~125.5mg/dl C4 17.2~32.8mg/dl C3 activator 28.9~32.1mg/dl C5 11.5~12.3mg/dl C1q 13.3~13.9mg/dl CH50 34.2~35.8IU CSF Protein 10~40mg/dl Glucose 40~80mg/dl (0.6 x Serum glucose) Pressure 80~180mmH2O Leukocyte，total <5/HPF Leucocyte，Diff Lymph 60~75%(70%) Mono 25~50%(30%) Neutro 1~3% Cell Count 0~5lymphs/HPF Osmolarity 292~297mOsm/L Albumin(serum) 3800~5300mg/dl Lactate <2 IgG(serum) 917.2~1891.2

Metabolic acidosis HCO3- deficit(mEq/L)= [0.5xbody weight(kg)]x(24-[HCO3-]) Expected PaCO2= 1.5x[HCO3-]+8±2 Metabolic alkalosis HCO3- excess(mEq/L)= [0.4xbody weight(kg)]x([HCO3-]-24) Expected PaCO2 ([HCO3-]≦40mEq/l) = 0.7x[HCO3-]+21±1.5 Expected PaCO2 ([HCO3-]＞40mEq/l) = 0.75x[HCO3-]+19±7.5 Respiratory acidosis Acute △pH/△PaCO2 = 0.008 Chronic △pH/△PaCO2 = 0.003 Respiratory alkalosis Acute △pH/△PaCO2=0.008 Chronic △pH/△PaCO2=0.002

Others Vitamin B12 200~950pg/ml Folate 3.0~17.0μg/ml Aluminum 4~10ug/l Copper 90~200ug/dl Zinc 50~150ug/dl

Drug level Digoxin 1~2μg/l Lithium 0.5~1mmol/l Phenobarbital 10~40mg/l Tegretol(CBZ) 5~10mg/l Phenytoin(DPH) 10~20mg/l

IgG index <0.7(0.65) IgG index = IgG(CSF)/IgG(serum) Albumin(CSF)/Albumin(serum) Others Apo B M: 96~176 , F: 42~112 mg/dl Apo A M: 96~176, F: 109~203 mg/dl ASLO Adult:<200, Child:<100 T.U/ml α1-Antitrypsin 144.6~151.4mg/dl α1-acid glycoprotein 33~88mg/dl α2-macroglobulin 120~269mg/dl β2-microglobulin Blood:70~340μg/dl Other:<12.6μg/dl Ceruloplasmin 21~53mg/dl Microalbumin (urine) <1.9mg/dl Prealbumin 17.0~42.0mg/dl RA factor(RHF) <30IU/ml Transferrin 299.5~316.3mg/dl Tumor marker AFP <25ng/ml CEA <2.5ng/ml CEA，Smoker <5.0ng/ml Ca-15-3 <30U/ML CA-19-9 <37 U/ml CA-125 <30U/ml Free β-HCG 0~10mIU/ml TPA <70 U/L SCC ≦1.5 ng/ml PSA 0~4ng/ml Gentamicin Trough：<2μg/ml Peak： Traditional dosing 5~12μg/ml

Valproic acid 50~100mg/l Extended-interval dosing Theophylline 10~20mg/l 10~20μg/ml(<65y/o) Amikacin 10~18μg/ml(>65y/o) Trough: 1~8μg/ml Vancomycin Peak: 20~30μg/ml Trough:5~15μg/ml Ethanol <3mmol/l Peak:20~40μg/ml Lab Value Transudate Exudate Specific gravity <1.016 >1.016 Absolute protein <3g/dL >3g/dL Protein(ascitic or pleural to serum <0.5 >0.5 ratio) LDH(ascitic or pleural to serum <0.6 >0.6 ratio) Absolute LDH <200IU >200IU Glucose <1 >1 +(serum to ascitic or pleural ratio) Fibrinogen(clot) No Yes 3 WBC(ascitic) <500/mm >1000/mm3 WBC(pleural) Very low >2500/mm3 Differential(pleural) PMN early, monocytes later RBC(ascitic) >100 RBC/mm3 pH(pleural)：一般>7.3， 在 7.2 和 7.3 之間：考慮 TB 或 malignancy 或兩者。 若<7.2：考慮 empyema Glucose(pleural)：normal pleural fluid glucose=2/3serum glucose， RA 可能會低到 0~16mg/dl TG(>110mg/dl) 和 Sudan stain(+)(pleural fluid)：chylothorax Food fibers(ascitic)：perforated viscus CSF study 壓力 細胞數 主要的細 糖份 蛋白質 3 (sugar) (protein) 胞種類 (mmH2O) / mm 60~200 0~5 L 50~100mg/dl 20~45 正常 (80~180) mg/dl 1000~5000 PMN 急性細菌性腦膜炎 上升 下降 上升 50~500 L 結核菌性腦膜炎 上升 下降 上升 100~700 PMN,L,M 下降 黴菌性腦膜炎 正常 or 正常 or (如隱球菌) 上升 上升 0~500 PMN,L,M 正常 or 下降 * 腫瘤引起之腦膜炎 * * 50~100 L,M 疱疹性腦炎 正常 正常 10~1000 L * 無菌性腦炎 aseptic * 正常 25~2000 L 急性梅毒性腦膜炎 * 正常 上升 0~5 L N 急性發炎性脫髓鞘 正常 上升 病變