Lab 1 Report.docx

POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS LAB REPORT LAB NO.1

SUBMITTED BY: Ali Arif

(150167)

Ahsan Imtiaz

(150369)

Sheikh Mohsin

(150235)

Hafiz Usman

(150426)

Muhammad Sohaib

(150336)

SUBMITTED TO: EE-Engr. Rabbaya Akhtar

LAB No.1 Introduction to Lab Equipment Objectives:  

To get familiar with the lab equipment. Get to know the purpose and operation of different equipment

Discussion: The lab equipment of power system analysis is designed by lab volts and has different modules in it which are as follows 1. Mechanical loads,Turbines and DC Motor/Generator. Electric motors drive loads and other mechanical tools. These tools are not easy to incorporate as lab equipment so a DC generator is used instead. When such generator is belt-coupled with an electric motor, we can easily vary the mechanical load. Large generators are driven by a prime mover which may be a diesel engine or a gas turbine etc. The power delivered by a turbine can be varied by regulating the water flow.

2. Four-pole squirrel cage induction motor and three-phase induction motor. The four-pole squirrel cage induction motor is representative of all industrial motors. Owing to the fact that large motors have large inertia compared to small motors so inertia wheel is used to depict large-power realism which 0.2 KW motor. The flywheel is simply slipped over the shaft and clamped there. In special applications a wound-rotor motor may be used.

3. Generators. Generators used in power stations range from 1 MW to 1000 MW which are driven by steam turbines typically at 1500 r/min – 3000 r/min. High speed turbo generators have long rotors of small diameter. Slow speed hydro-electric turbines have short rotors of large diameters.

4. Synchronous motor. Synchronous motors are used when power required is in excess of a few hundred kilowatts. Reasons:  Cheaper  Unity power factor These motors have salient-pole rotors which carry a DC winding as well as squirrel cage winding.

5. Synchronous capacitors. These are really large synchronous motors which operate at no-load. They are used to regulate the voltage of long, high-voltage transmission lines. Three phase synchronous motors/generates can operate as an excellent synchronous capacitor and will absorb or deliver power just like large machine.

6. Transmission lines module. The transmission line module has same properties as those of a real line of 100,200 or 300 km long.such lines create large magnetic field when they carry electric current and this field is concentrated in the three coils located inside the module. Impedance of line can be varied in steps of zero,200 Ω,400 Ω,600 Ω per phase.

7. Resistive, inductive and capacitive loads. We have different load modules. Resistive load is a simple mean by which we can duplicate the real power absorbed by the load. Inductive load shows reactive power absorbed by the load. Capacitors can be thought as supplier of reactive power.

8. Metering. Different meters are available in lab module.    

AC ammeter AC voltmeter DC ammeter DC voltmeter

These modules are fully protected against over-voltages and short-circuits.

9. Three-phase transformer. This device is one of the most widely used equipment in the industry, ranging from 1kVA to hundreds of MVA. This three-phase transformer is a small version of the transformer used in industries.

10.Regulating Auto transformer. Electric power does not always flow along the direction we want it to flow. Some transmission lines may carry too much power while other may be underloaded, producing outages or uneconomical power transmission. Three-phase autotransformer provides the solution by buck-boost as well as phase-shift transformer located in appropriate substations. We can raise of lower the secondary voltage by 15% or phase by 15 .ͦ

11.Real and Reactive power and the Wattmeter/Varmeter. Power meter modules are installed in lab equipment Real power (P) = Watts Reactive power (Q) = VAR Apparent power (S) = VA

12.Phase meter. These meters are used to measure phase angle between the voltages of a transmission line or between any two voltages of a circuit. The meter can also be used as synchroscope when a three-phase synchronous motor/generator has to be synchronized with existing power system.

Conclusion: Different equipment in lab are used to perform and observe different changes in the power system under different conditions.